VersePhraseExplanation
Mat 2:3all JerusalemHere "Jerusalem" refers to the people. Also, "all" means "many." Matthew is exaggerating to emphasize how many people were worried. Alternate Translation: "many of the people in Jerusalem"
Mat 2:11their treasuresHere "treasures" refers to the boxes or bags they used to carry their treasures. Alternate Translation: "the containers that held their treasures"
Mat 3:2the kingdom of heaven is nearThe phrase "kingdom of heaven" refers to God ruling as king. This phrase is only in the book of Matthew. If possible, use the word "heaven" in your translation. Alternate Translation: "our God in heaven will soon show himself to be king"
Mat 3:5Then Jerusalem, all Judea, and all the regionThe words "Jerusalem," "Judea," and "the region" are metonyms for the people from those areas. The word "all" is an exaggeration to emphasize that very many people went out. Alternate Translation: Then very may people from Jerusalem, Judea, and that region"
Mat 3:7flee from the wrath that is comingThe word "wrath" is being used to refer to God's punishment because his wrath precedes it. Alternate Translation: "run away from the punishment that is coming" or "escape because God is about to punish you"
Mat 3:17a voice came out of the heavens sayingJesus heard a voice from heaven. Here "voice" refers to God speaking. Alternate Translation: "God spoke from heaven"
Mat 4:4but by every word that comes out of the mouth of GodHere "word" and "mouth" refer to what God says. Alternate Translation: "but by listening to everything that God says"
Mat 4:17the kingdom of heaven has come nearThe phrase "the kingdom of heaven" refers to God ruling as king. This phrase is only in the book of Matthew. If possible, include a word that means "heaven" in your translation. See how you translated this in [Matthew 3:2](../03/02.md). Alternate Translation: "our God in heaven will soon show himself to be king"
Mat 4:23preaching the gospel of the kingdomHere "kingdom" refers to God's reign as king. Alternate Translation: "preaching the good news about how God will show himself as king"
Mat 5:3for theirs is the kingdom of heavenHere "kingdom of heaven" refers to God's rule as king. This phrase is only in the book of Matthew. If possible, keep "heaven" in your translation. Alternate Translation: "for God in heaven will be their king"
Mat 5:8the pure in heartpeople whose hearts are pure. Here "heart" is a metonym for a person's inner being or intentions. Alternate Translation: "those who only want to serve God"
Mat 5:10theirs is the kingdom of heavenHere "kingdom of heaven" refers to God's rule as king. This phrase is only in the book of Matthew. If possible, keep "heaven" in your translation. See how you translated this in [Matthew 5:3](./03.md). Alternate Translation: "for God in heaven will be their king"
Mat 5:17the prophetsThis refers to what the prophets wrote in the scriptures.
Mat 5:19least in the kingdom of heavenThe phrase "kingdom of heaven" refers to God's rule as king. This phrase is found only in Matthew. If possible use "heaven" in your translation. Alternate Translation: "the least important in his heavenly kingdom" or "the least important under the rule of our God in heaven"
Mat 5:28in his heartHere "heart" is a metonym for a person's thoughts. Alternate Translation: "in his mind" or "in his thoughts"
Mat 5:29If your right eye causes you to stumbleHere "eye" refers to what a person sees. And, "stumble" is a metaphor for "sin." Alternate Translation: "if what you see causes you to stumble" or "if you want to sin because of what you see"
Mat 5:30If your right hand causesIn this metonymy, the hand stands for the actions of the whole person.
Mat 6:9may your name be sanctifiedHere "your name" refers to God himself. Alternate Translation: "make everyone honor you"
Mat 6:10May your kingdom comeHere "kingdom" refers to God's rule as king. Alternate Translation: "May you rule over everyone and everything completely"
Mat 6:21there will your heart be alsoHere "heart" means a person's thoughts and interests.
Mat 6:33seek first his kingdom and his righteousnessHere "kingdom" refers to God's rule as king. Alternate Translation: "concern yourselves with serving God, who is your king, and doing what is right"
Mat 7:12for this is the law and the prophetsHere "law" and "prophets" refer to what Moses and the prophets wrote. Alternate Translation: "for this is what Moses and the prophets teach in the scriptures"
Mat 7:21will enter into the kingdom of heavenHere "kingdom of heaven" refers to God's rule as king. The phrase "kingdom of heaven" is used only in the book of Matthew. If possible, keep "heaven" in your translation. Alternate Translation: "will live with God in heaven when he shows himself to be king"
Mat 7:22in your namePossible meanings are 1) "by your authority" or "by your power" or 2) "because we were doing what you wanted us to do" or 3) "because we asked you for the power to do it"
Mat 7:24my wordsHere "words" refers to what Jesus says.
Mat 8:8say the wordHere "word" represents a command. Alternate Translation: "give the command"
Mat 8:11recline at the tablePeople in that culture would lie down beside the table while eating. This phrase indicates that all those at the table are family and close friends. The joy in the kingdom of God is frequently spoken of as if the people there were feasting. Alternate Translation: "live as family and friends"
Mat 8:11in the kingdom of heavenHere "kingdom of heaven" refers to God's rule as king. The phrase "kingdom of heaven" is used only in the book of Matthew. If possible, keep "heaven" in your translation. Alternate Translation: "when our God in heaven shows that he is king"
Mat 8:12the sons of the kingdomThe phrase "sons of" is a metonym, referring to the unbelieving Jews of the kingdom of Judea. There is also irony here because the "sons" will be thrown out while the strangers will be welcomed. Alternate Translation: "those who should have allowed God to rule over them"
Mat 8:12the outer darknessHere "outer darkness" is a metonym for the place where God sends those who reject them. This is a place that is completely separated from God forever. Alternate Translation: "the dark place away from God"
Mat 8:16He drove out the spirits with a wordHere "word" stands for a command. Alternate Translation: "He commanded the spirits to leave"
Mat 8:34all the cityThe word "city" is a metonym for the people of the city. The word "all" is probably an exaggeration to emphasize how very many people came out. Not necessarily every person came out.
Mat 9:4in your heartsHere "hearts" refers to their minds or their thoughts.
Mat 10:6house of IsraelThis refers to the nation of Israel. Alternate Translation: "people of Israel" or "descendants of Israel"
Mat 10:7The kingdom of heaven has come nearThe phrase "kingdom of heaven" refers to God ruling as king. This phrase is only in the book of Matthew. If possible, use the word "heaven" in your translation. See how you translated this in [Matthew 3:2](../03/02.md). Alternate Translation: "Our God in heaven will soon show himself to be king"
Mat 10:9gold, silver, or copperThese are metals out of which coins were made. This list is a metonym for money, so if the metals are unknown in your area, translate the list as "money."
Mat 10:12As you enter into the house, greet itThe phrase "greet it" means greet the house. A common greeting in those days was "Peace be to this house!" Here "house" represents the people who live in the house. Alternate Translation: "As you enter the house, greet the people who live in it"
Mat 10:13the house is worthyHere "the house" represents those who live in the house. Alternate Translation: "the people who live in that house receive you well" or "the people who live in that house treat you well"
Mat 10:13let your peace come upon itThe word "it" refers to the house, which represents the people who live in the house. Alternate Translation: "let them receive your peace" or "let them receive the peace that you greeted them with"
Mat 10:13if it is not worthyThe word "it" means the house. Here "house" refers to the people who live in the house. Alternate Translation: "if they do not receive you well" or "if they do not treat you well"
Mat 10:14listen to your wordsHere "words" refers to what the disciples say. Alternate Translation: "listen to your message" or "listen to what you have to say"
Mat 10:15the land of Sodom and GomorrahThis refers to the people who lived in Sodom and Gomorrah. Alternate Translation: "the people who lived in the cities of Sodom and Gomorrah"
Mat 10:15that cityThis refers to the people in the city that does not receive the apostles or listen to their message. Alternate Translation: "the people of the city that does not receive you"
Mat 10:19in that hourHere "hour" means "right then." Alternate Translation: "right then" or "at that time"
Mat 10:22because of my nameHere "name" refers to the entire person. Alternate Translation: "because of me" or "because you trust in me"
Mat 10:27What I tell you in the darkness, say in the daylightHere "darkness" is a metonym for "night" which is a metonym for "private." Here "daylight" is a metonym for "public." Alternate Translation: "What I tell you privately at night, say in public in the day light"
Mat 10:27proclaim upon the housetopsHousetops where Jesus lived were flat, and people far away could hear anyone speaking with a loud voice. Here "housetops" refers to any place where all people can hear. Alternate Translation: "speak loudly in a public place for all to hear"
Mat 10:34upon the earthThis refers to the people who live on the earth. Alternate Translation: "to the people of the earth" or "to people"
Mat 10:34a swordThis refers to division, fighting, and killing among people.
Mat 10:38pick up his cross and follow after mecarry his cross and follow me. The cross represents suffering and death. Taking up the cross represents being willing to suffer and die. Alternate Translation: "obey me even to the point of suffering and dying"
Mat 11:11the least important person in the kingdom of heavenHere "kingdom of heaven" refers to God's rule as king. The phrase "kingdom of heaven" is used only in Matthew. If possible, try to keep "heaven" in your translation. Alternate Translation: "the least important person under the rule of our God in heaven"
Mat 11:13all the prophets and the law have been prophesying until JohnHere "prophets and the law" refer to the things that the prophets and Moses wrote in scripture. Alternate Translation: "for these are the things that the prophets and Moses have prophesied through the scriptures until the time of John the Baptist"
Mat 11:15listenHere "listen" represents paying attention. Alternate Translation: "pay attention to what I am saying"
Mat 11:20rebuke the citiesHere "the cities" refers to the people who live there. Alternate Translation: "rebuke the people of the cities"
Mat 11:21Chorazin ... Bethsaida ... Tyre ... SidonThe names of these cities are used as metonyms for the people living in these cities.
Mat 11:22it will be more tolerable for Tyre and Sidon at the day of judgment than for youHere "Tyre and Sidon" refers to the people who live there. Alternate Translation: "God will show more mercy to the people of Tyre and Sidon in the day of judgment than to you" or "God will punish you more severely at the day of judgment than the people of Tyre and Sidon"
Mat 11:23Capernaum ... SodomThe names of these cities refer to the people living in Capernaum and in Sodom.
Mat 11:24it shall be easier for the land of Sodom in the day of judgment than for youHere "land of Sodom" refer to the people who lived there. Alternate Translation: "God will show more mercy to the people of Sodom in the day of judgment than to you" or "God will punish you more severely in the day of judgment than the people of Sodom"
Mat 11:26for so it was well-pleasing in your sightThe phrase "in your sight" is a metonym that stands for how a person considers something. Alternate Translation: "for you considered it good to do this"
Mat 11:29lowly in heartHere "heart" is a metonym for a person's inner being. The phrase "lowly in heart" is an idiom that means "humble." Alternate Translation: "humble"
Mat 12:19neither will anyone hear his voiceHere people not hearing his voice represents him not speaking loudly. Alternate Translation: "he will not speak loudly"
Mat 12:25Every kingdom divided against itself is made desolateHere "kingdom" refers to those who live in the kingdom. This can be translated in active form. Alternate Translation: "A kingdom will not last when its people fight among themselves"
Mat 12:25every city or house divided against itself will not standHere "city" refers to the people who live there, and "house" refers to a family. Being "divided against itself" represents its people fighting each other. Alternate Translation: "it ruins a city or a family when the people fight each other"
Mat 12:26If Satan drives out SatanThe second use of Satan refers to the demons that serve Satan. Alternate Translation: "If Satan works against his own demons"
Mat 12:28then the kingdom of God has come upon youthen the kingdom of God has arrived among you. Here "kingdom" refers to God's rule as king. Alternate Translation: "this means God is establishing his rule among you"
Mat 12:32Whoever speaks any word against the Son of ManHere "word" refers to what someone says. Alternate Translation: "If a person says anything bad about the Son of Man"
Mat 12:32neither in this world, nor in that which is to comeHere "this world" and "that which is to come" refer to the present life and the next life. Alternate Translation: "in this life or in the next life" or "now or ever"
Mat 12:34out of the abundance of the heart his mouth speaksHere "heart" is a metonym for the thoughts in a person's mind. Here "mouth" is a synecdoche that represents a person as a whole. Alternate Translation: "what a person says with his mouth reveals what is in his mind"
Mat 12:36every idle word they will have saidHere "word" refers to something that someone says. Alternate Translation: "every harmful thing they will have said"
Mat 12:42and condemn themSee how you translated a similar statement in [Matthew 12:41](./41.md). Possible meanings are 1) "condemn" here represents accusing. Alternate Translation: "and will accuse this generation of people" or 2) God will condemn this generation of people because they did not listen to wisdom as the Queen of the South had. Alternate Translation: "and God will condemn this generation"
Mat 13:9listenHere "listen" represents paying attention. See how you translated this in [Matthew 11:15](../11/15.md). Alternate Translation: "pay attention to what I am saying"
Mat 13:11mysteries of the kingdom of heavenHere "kingdom of heaven" refers to God's rule. The phrase "kingdom of heaven" occurs only in the book of Matthew. If possible, try to keep it in your translation. Alternate Translation: "the secrets about our God in heaven and his rule"
Mat 13:15this people's heart has become dullHere "heart" refers to the mind. Alternate Translation: "these people's minds are slow to learn" or "these people can no longer learn"
Mat 13:15they are hard of hearingThey are not physically deaf. Here "hard of hearing" means they refuse to listen and learn God's truth. Alternate Translation: "they refuse to use their ears to listen"
Mat 13:15they have closed their eyesThey have not literally closed their eyes. This means they refuse to understand. Alternate Translation: "they refuse to use their eyes to see"
Mat 13:19in his heartHere "heart" refers to the mind of the hearer.
Mat 13:20the wordThis represents God's message. Alternate Translation: "the message" or "God's teaching"
Mat 13:24The kingdom of heaven is likeHere "kingdom of heaven" refers to God's rule as king. The phrase "kingdom of heaven" is used only in Matthew. If possible, use "heaven" in your translation. Alternate Translation: "When our God in heaven shows himself to be king, it will be like"
Mat 13:27did you not sowThe landowner probably had his servants plant the seeds. Alternate Translation: "did we not sow"
Mat 13:31The kingdom of heaven is likeHere "kingdom of heaven" refers to God's rule as king. The phrase "kingdom of heaven" is used only in Matthew. If possible, use "heaven" in your translation. See how you translated this in [Matthew 13:24](./24.md). Alternate Translation: "When our God in heaven shows himself to be king, it will be like"
Mat 13:33The kingdom of heaven is likeHere "kingdom of heaven" refers to God's rule as king. The phrase "kingdom of heaven" is used only in Matthew. If possible, use "heaven" in your translation. See how you translated this in [Matthew 13:24](./24.md). Alternate Translation: "When our God in heaven shows himself to be king, it will be like"
Mat 13:38of the kingdomHere "kingdom" refers to God the king. Alternate Translation: "of God"
Mat 13:43listenHere "listen" represents paying attention. See how you translated this in [Matthew 11:15](../11/15.md). Alternate Translation: "pay attention to what I am saying"
Mat 13:44The kingdom of heaven is likeHere "kingdom of heaven" refers to God's rule as king. The phrase "kingdom of heaven" is used only in Matthew. If possible, use "heaven" in your translation. See how you translated this in [Matthew 13:24](./24.md). Alternate Translation: "When our God in heaven shows himself to be king, it will be like"
Mat 13:47the kingdom of heaven is likeHere "kingdom of heaven" refers to God's rule as king. The phrase "kingdom of heaven" is used only in Matthew. If possible, use "heaven" in your translation. See how you translated this in [Matthew 13:24](./24.md). Alternate Translation: "When our God in heaven shows himself to be king, it will be like"
Mat 13:52has become a disciple to the kingdom of heavenHere "kingdom of heaven" refers to God's rule as king. The phrase "kingdom of heaven" is used only in the book of Matthew. If possible, keep "heaven" in your translation. Alternate Translation: "has learned the truth about our God in heaven, who is king" or "has submitted himself to God's rule"
Mat 14:3Herod had arrested John, bound him, and put him in prisonIt says that Herod did these things because he ordered others to do them for him. Alternate Translation: "Herod ordered his soldiers to arrest and bind John the Baptist and put him in prison"
Mat 15:8This people honors me with their lipsHere "lips" refers to speaking. Alternate Translation: "These people say all the right things to me"
Mat 15:8but their heart is far from meHere "heart" refers to a person's thoughts or emotions. This phrase is a way of saying the people are not truly devoted to God. Alternate Translation: "but they do not really love me"
Mat 15:11enters into the mouth ... comes out of the mouthJesus is contrasting what a person eats to what a person says. Jesus means that God is concerned with what a person says rather than what a person eats.
Mat 15:18things that come out of the mouthThis refers to what a person says. Alternate Translation: "words that a person says"
Mat 15:18from the heartHere "heart" refers to a person's mind or innermost being. Alternate Translation: "from inside the person" or "from a person's mind"
Mat 15:23answered her not a wordHere "word" refers to what a person says. Alternate Translation: "said nothing"
Mat 16:19the kingdom of heavenThis refers to God's rule as king. The phrase "kingdom of heaven" is used only in the book of Matthew. If possible, use "heaven" in your translation.
Mat 16:21suffer many things at the hand of the elders and chief priests and scribesHere "hand" refers to power. Alternate Translation: "where the elders, chief priests, and scribes will cause him to suffer"
Mat 16:24take up his cross, and follow mecarry his cross, and follow me. The cross represents suffering and death. Taking up the cross represents being willing to suffer and die. Alternate Translation: "and obey me even to the point of suffering and dying" or "and he must obey me even to the point of suffering and dying"
Mat 16:28until they see the Son of Man coming in his kingdomHere "his kingdom" represents him being King. Alternate Translation: "until they see the Son of Man coming as King" or "until they see the evidence that the Son of Man is King"
Mat 17:5there was a voice out of the cloudHere "voice" refers to God speaking. Alternate Translation: "God spoke to them from out of the cloud"
Mat 17:12the Son of Man will also suffer at their handsHere "hands" refers to power. Alternate Translation: "they will make the Son of Man suffer"
Mat 17:22delivered into the hands of peopleThe word "hands" here is a metonym for the power that people use hands to exercise. Alternate Translation: "taken and put under the power of people" or "taken and given to people who will control him"
Mat 17:22into the hands of peopleHere "hands" refers to power or control. Alternate Translation: "to the control of the people" or "to the people"
Mat 18:1in the kingdom of heavenThe phrase "kingdom of heaven" refers to God's rule as king. This phrase is used only in the book of Matthew. If possible, keep "heaven" in your translation. Alternate Translation: "in God's kingdom" or "when our God in heaven establishes his rule on earth"
Mat 18:3enter the kingdom of heavenThe phrase "kingdom of heaven" refers to God's rule as king. This phrase is used only in the book of Matthew. If possible, keep "heaven" in your translation. Alternate Translation: "enter God's kingdom" or "belong to our God in heaven when he establishes his rule on earth"
Mat 18:4in the kingdom of heavenThe phrase "kingdom of heaven" refers to God's rule as king. This phrase is used only in the book of Matthew. If possible, keep "heaven" in your translation. Alternate Translation: "in God's kingdom" or "when our God in heaven establishes his rule on earth"
Mat 18:5in my nameHere "my name" refers to the entire person. Alternate Translation: "because of me" or "because he is my disciple"
Mat 18:7to the worldHere "world" refers to people. Alternate Translation: "to the people of the world"
Mat 18:16so that by the mouth of two or three witnesses every word might be verifiedHere "mouth" and "word" refer to what a person says. This can be stated in active form. Alternate Translation: "so that two or three witnesses may verify that what you say about your brother is true"
Mat 18:20in my nameHere "name" refers to the entire person. Alternate Translation: "because of me" or "because they are my disciples"
Mat 18:35from your heartHere "heart" is a metonym for a person's inner being. The phrase "from your heart" is an idiom that means "sincerely." Alternate Translation: "sincerely" or "completely"
Mat 19:1had finished these wordsHere "words" refers to what Jesus taught starting in [Matthew 18:1](../18/01.md). Alternate Translation: "had finished teaching these things"
Mat 19:8from the beginningHere "beginning" refers to when God first created man and woman.
Mat 19:12for the sake of the kingdom of heavenHere "kingdom of heaven" refers to God's rule as king. This phrase is found only in the book of Matthew. If possible, keep "heaven" in your translation. Alternate Translation: "so they can better serve our God in heaven"
Mat 19:14for the kingdom of heaven belongs to such onesHere "kingdom of heaven" refers to God's rule as king. This phrase is found only in the book of Matthew. If possible, keep "heaven" in your translation. Alternate Translation: "for when our God in heaven establishes his rule on earth, he will be king over such as these" or "for God will allow such as these into his kingdom"
Mat 19:23to enter the kingdom of heavenHere "kingdom of heaven" refers to God's rule as king. This phrase is found only in the book of Matthew. If possible, keep "heaven" in your translation. Alternate Translation: "to accept our God in heaven as their king" or "to enter God's kingdom"
Mat 19:28in the new agein the new time. This refers to when God restores all things. Alternate Translation: "at the time when God makes all things new"
Mat 19:28sits on his glorious throneSitting on his throne represents ruling as a king. His throne being glorious represents his rule being glorious. Alternate Translation: "sits as king on his glorious throne" or "rules gloriously as king"
Mat 19:28sit upon twelve thronesHere sitting on thrones refers to ruling as kings. The disciples will not be equal to Jesus who is also on a throne. They will receive authority from him. Alternate Translation: "sit as kings on 12 thrones"
Mat 19:28the twelve tribes of IsraelHere "tribes" refers to people from those tribes. Alternate Translation: "the people of the 12 tribes of Israel"
Mat 19:29for my name's sakeHere "name" refers to the entire person. Alternate Translation: "because of me" or "because he believes in me"
Mat 20:21at your right hand ... at your left handThese refer to having positions of power, authority, and honor.
Mat 20:21in your kingdomHere "kingdom" refers to Jesus ruling as king. Alternate Translation: "when you are king"
Mat 20:23right hand ... left handThese refer to having positions of power, authority, and honor. See how you translated this in [Matthew 20:21](./21.md).
Mat 21:9in the name of the LordHere "in the name" means "in the power" or "as a representative." Alternate Translation: "in the power of the Lord" or "as the representative of the Lord"
Mat 21:9Hosanna in the highestHere "highest" refers to God who rules from the highest heaven. Alternate Translation: "Praise God, who is in the highest heaven" or "Praise be to God"
Mat 21:10all the city was stirredHere "city" refers to the people living there. Alternate Translation: "many people from all over the city were stirred"
Mat 21:16Out of the mouths of little children and nursing infants you have prepared praiseThe phrase "out of the mouths" refers to speaking. Alternate Translation: "You caused little children and nursing infants to prepare to give praise to God"
Mat 21:25From heavenHere "heaven" refers to God. Alternate Translation: "from God in heaven"
Mat 21:31the tax collectors and the prostitutes will enter the kingdom of God before you doHere "kingdom of God" refers to God's rule as king. Alternate Translation: "when God establishes his rule on earth, he will agree to bless the tax collectors and prostitutes by ruling over them before he agrees to do that for you"
Mat 21:42it is marvelous in our eyesHere "in our eyes" refers to seeing. Alternate Translation: "it is wonderful to see"
Mat 21:43the kingdom of God will be taken away from you and will be given to a nationHere "kingdom of God" refers to God's rule as king. This can be stated in active form. Alternate Translation: "God will take his kingdom away from you and will give it to a nation" or "God will reject you, the Jewish people, and he will be king over people from other nations"
Mat 22:13the outer darknessHere "outer darkness" is a metonym for the place where God sends those who reject them. This is a place that is completely separated from God forever. See how you translated this in [Matthew 8:12](../08/12.md). Alternate Translation: "the dark place away from God"
Mat 22:37with all your heart, with all your soul, and with all your mindThese three phrases are used together to mean "completely" or "earnestly." Here "heart" and "soul" are metonyms for a person's inner being.
Mat 22:40On these two commandments depend the whole law and the prophetsHere the phrase "the whole law and the prophets" refers to all of scripture. Alternate Translation: "Everything that Moses and the prophets wrote in the scriptures is based on these two commandments"
Mat 22:46to answer him a wordHere "word" refers to what people say. Alternate Translation: "to answer him anything" or "to answer him"
Mat 23:2sit in Moses' seatHere "seat" represents the authority to rule and make judgments. Alternate Translation: "have authority as Moses had" or "have authority to say what the law of Moses means"
Mat 23:30shedding the blood ofHere "blood" refers to life. To shed blood means to kill. Alternate Translation: "killing" or "murdering"
Mat 23:34from the blood ... to the bloodHere the word "blood" represents a person being killed. Alternate Translation: "from the murder ... to the murder"
Mat 23:35from the blood ... to the bloodHere the word "blood" represents a person being killed. Alternate Translation: "from the murder ... to the murder"
Mat 23:38your housePossible meanings are 1) "the city of Jerusalem" or 2) "the temple."
Mat 23:39Blessed is he who comes in the name of the LordHere "in the name" means "in the power" or "as a representative." See how you translated this in [Matthew 21:9](../21/09.md). Alternate Translation: "He who comes in the power of the Lord is blessed" or "He who comes as the representative of the Lord will be blessed"
Mat 24:5many will come in my nameHere "name" refers to "in the authority" or "as the representative" of someone. Alternate Translation: "many will claim that they have come as my representative" or "many will say they speak for me"
Mat 24:9for my name's sakeHere "name" refers to the complete person. Alternate Translation: "because you believe in me"
Mat 24:14This gospel of the kingdom will be preachedHere "kingdom" refers to God's rule as king. This can be stated in active form. Alternate Translation: "People will speak this message about God's rule"
Mat 24:14all the nationsHere, "nations" stands for people. Alternate Translation: "all people in all places"
Mat 24:30all the tribesHere "tribes" refers to people. Alternate Translation: "all the people of the tribes" or "all the people"
Mat 24:35my words will never pass awayHere "words" refers to what Jesus has said. Alternate Translation: "what I say will always be true"
Mat 24:36that day and hourHere "day" and "hour" refer to the exact time that the Son of Man will return.
Mat 24:48says in his heartHere "heart" refers to the mind. Alternate Translation: "thinks in his mind"
Mat 25:1the kingdom of heaven will be likeHere "kingdom of heaven" refers to God's rule as king. The phrase "kingdom of heaven" is used only in Matthew. If possible, use "heaven" in your translation. See how you translated this in [Matthew 13:24](../13/24.md). Alternate Translation: "when our God in heaven shows himself to be king, it will be like"
Mat 25:13you do not know the day or the hourHere "day" and "hour" refer to an exact time. The implied information can be stated explicitly. Alternate Translation: "you do not know the exact time when the Son of Man will return"
Mat 25:30the outer darknessHere "outer darkness" is a metonym for the place where God sends those who reject them. This is a place that is completely separated from God forever. See how you translated this in [Matthew 8:12](../08/12.md). Alternate Translation: "the dark place away from God"
Mat 25:32all the nationsHere "nations" refers to people. Alternate Translation: "all people from every country"
Mat 25:34inherit the kingdom prepared for youHere "kingdom" refers to God's rule as king. Alternate Translation: "receive the blessings of God's rule that he has planned to give you"
Mat 26:27a cupHere "cup" refers to the cup and the wine in it.
Mat 26:29in my Father's kingdomHere "kingdom" refers to God's rule as king. Alternate Translation: "when my Father establishes his rule on earth"
Mat 26:34before the rooster crowsRoosters often crow about the time the sun comes up, so the hearers might have understood these words as a metonym for the sun coming up. However, the actual crowing of a rooster is an important part of the story later on, so keep the word "rooster" in the translation.
Mat 26:39this cupHere "cup" is a metonym that stands for the cup and the contents within it. The contents in the cup are a metaphor for the suffering that Jesus will have to endure. Jesus is asking the Father if it is possible for him not to have to experience the death and suffering that Jesus knows will soon happen.
Mat 26:41The spirit indeed is willing, but the flesh is weakHere "spirit" is a metonym that stands for a person's desires to do good. "Flesh" stands for the needs and desires of a person's body. Jesus means that the disciples may have the desire to do what God wants, but as humans they are weak and often fail.
Mat 26:45betrayed into the hands of sinnersHere "hands" refers to power or control. Alternate Translation: "betrayed into the power of sinners" or "betrayed so that sinners will have power over him"
Mat 26:52who take up the swordThe word "sword" is a metonym for the act of killing someone with a sword. The implied information can be stated explicitly. Alternate Translation: "who pick up a sword to kill others" or "who want to kill other people"
Mat 26:64sitting at the right hand of PowerHere "Power" is metonym that represents God. To sit at the "right hand of God" is a symbolic action of receiving great honor and authority from God. Alternate Translation: "sitting in the place of honor beside the all-powerful God"
Mat 27:9the people of IsraelThis refers to those among the people of Israel who paid to kill Jesus. Alternate Translation: "some of the people of Israel" or "the leaders of Israel"
Mat 27:24the bloodHere "blood" refers to a person's death. Alternate Translation: "the death"
Mat 27:25May his blood be on us and our childrenHere "blood" is a metonym that stands for a person's death. The phrase "be on us and our children" is an idiom that means they accept the responsibility of what is happening. Alternate Translation: "Yes! We and our descendants will be responsible for executing him"
Mat 28:19of all the nationsHere "nations" refers to the people. Alternate Translation: "of all the people in every nation"
Mat 28:19into the nameHere "name" refers to authority. Alternate Translation: "by the authority"
Mrk 1:11A voice came out of the heavensThis represents God speaking. Sometimes people avoid referring directly to God because they respect him. Alternate Translation: "God spoke from the heavens"
Mrk 1:33The whole city gathered together at the doorThe word "city" is a metonym for the people who lived in the city. Here the word "whole" is probably a generalization to emphasize that most people from the city gathered. Alternate Translation: "Many people from that city gathered outside the door"
Mrk 2:6reasoned in their heartsHere "their hearts" is a metonym for the people's thoughts. Alternate Translation: "were thinking to themselves"
Mrk 2:8this in your heartsThe word "hearts" is a metonym for their inner thoughts and desires. Alternate Translation: "this inside yourselves" or "these things"
Mrk 3:4a lifeThis refers to physical life and is a metonym for a person. Alternate Translation: "someone from dying" or "someone's life"
Mrk 3:24If a kingdom is divided against itselfThe word "kingdom" is a metonym for the people who live in the kingdom. Alternate Translation: "If the people who live in a kingdom are divided against each other"
Mrk 3:25houseThis is a metonym for the people who live in a house. Alternate Translation: "family" or "household"
Mrk 4:9let him hearHere the word "hear" means to pay attention. Alternate Translation: "let him listen carefully" or "must pay careful attention to what I am saying"
Mrk 4:14the one who sows the wordThe "word" represents God's message. Sowing the message represents teaching it. Alternate Translation: "the one who teaches people God's message"
Mrk 4:29he immediately sends in the sickleHere "the sickle" is a metonym that stands for the farmer or the people whom the farmer sends out to harvest the grain. Alternate Translation: "he immediately goes into the field with a sickle to harvest the grain" or "he immediately sends people with sickles into the field to harvest the grain"
Mrk 6:10remain until you go away from thereHere "remain" represents daily going back to that house to eat and sleep there. Alternate Translation: "eat and sleep in that house until you leave that place"
Mrk 6:16whom I beheadedHere Herod uses the word "I" to refer to himself. The word "I" is a metonym for Herod's soldiers. Alternate Translation: "whom I commanded my soldiers to behead"
Mrk 6:19wanted to kill him, but she could notHerodias is the subject of this phrase and "she" is a metonym as she wants someone else to execute John. Alternate Translation: "she wanted someone to kill him, but she could not have him killed"
Mrk 6:52what the loaves meantHere the phrase "the loaves" refers to when Jesus multiplied the loaves of bread. Alternate Translation: "what it meant when Jesus multiplied the loaves of bread" or "what it meant when Jesus caused the few loaves to become many"
Mrk 7:6with their lipsHere "lips" is a metonym for speaking. Alternate Translation: "by what they say"
Mrk 7:6but their heart is far from meHere "heart" refers to a person's thoughts or emotions. This is a way of saying the people are not truly devoted to God. Alternate Translation: "but they do not really love me"
Mrk 7:19it cannot go into his heartHere "heart" is a metonym for a person's inner being or mind. Here Jesus means that food does not affect a person's character. Alternate Translation: "it cannot go into his inner being" or "it cannot go into his mind"
Mrk 7:21out of the heart, proceed evil thoughtsHere "heart" is a metonym for a person's inner being or mind. Alternate Translation: "out of the inner being, come evil thoughts" or "out of the mind, come evil thoughts"
Mrk 7:37the deaf ... the muteThese refer to people. Alternate Translation: "deaf people ... mute people" or "people who cannot hear ... people who cannot speak"
Mrk 8:11a sign from heavenThey wanted a sign that would prove that Jesus' power and authority were from God. Possible meanings are 1) The word "heaven" is a metonym for God. Alternate Translation: "a sign from God" or 2) the word "heaven" refers to the sky. Alternate Translation: "a sign from the sky"
Mrk 8:17Have your hearts become so dull?Here "hearts" is a metonym for a person's mind. The phrase "hearts become so dull" is a metaphor for not being able or willing to understand something. Jesus uses a question to scold the disciples. This can be written as a statement. Alternate Translation: "Your thinking has become so dull!" or "You are so slow to understand what I mean!"
Mrk 8:19the five thousandThis refers to the 5,000 people Jesus fed. Alternate Translation: "the 5,000 people"
Mrk 8:20the four thousandThis refers to the 4,000 people Jesus fed. Alternate Translation: "the 4,000 people"
Mrk 8:34take up his cross, and follow mecarry his cross and follow me. The cross represents suffering and death. Taking up the cross represents being willing to suffer and die. Alternate Translation: "must obey me even to the point of suffering and dying"
Mrk 9:1the kingdom of God come with powerThe kingdom of God coming represents God showing himself as king. Alternate Translation: "God show himself with great power as king"
Mrk 9:7Then a voice came out of the cloudHere "a voice came out" is a metonym for someone speaking. It can also be stated clearly who spoke. Alternate Translation: "Then someone spoke from the cloud" or "Then God spoke from the cloud"
Mrk 9:9risen from the dead ... rising from the deadrisen from among the dead ... to rise from among the dead. This speaks of becoming alive again. The phrase "the dead" refers to "dead people" and is a metonym for death. Alternate Translation: "risen from death ... rising from death"
Mrk 9:10risen from the dead ... rising from the deadrisen from among the dead ... to rise from among the dead. This speaks of becoming alive again. The phrase "the dead" refers to "dead people" and is a metonym for death. Alternate Translation: "risen from death ... rising from death"
Mrk 9:31into the hands of menHere "hands" is a metonym for control. Alternate Translation: "into the control of men" or "so that men will be able to control him"
Mrk 9:38in your nameHere "name" is associated with Jesus' authority and power. Alternate Translation: "by the authority of your name" or "by the power of your name"
Mrk 9:43If your hand causes you to stumbleHere "hand" is a metonym for desiring to do something sinful that you would do with your hand. Alternate Translation: "If you want to do something sinful with one of your hands"
Mrk 9:45If your foot causes you to stumbleHere the word "foot" is a metonym for desiring to do something sinful that you would do with your feet, such as going to a place you should not go to. Alternate Translation: "If you want to do something sinful with one of your feet"
Mrk 9:47If your eye causes you to stumble, tear it outHere the word "eye" is a metonym for either 1) desiring to sin by looking at something. Alternate Translation: "If you want to do something sinful by looking at something, tear your eye out" or 2) Desiring to sin because of what you have looked at. Alternate Translation: "If you want to do something sinful because of what you look at, tear your eye out"
Mrk 10:5your hard heartsHere "hearts" is a metonym for a person's inner being or mind. The phrase "hard hearts" is a metaphor for "stubbornness." Alternate Translation: "your stubbornness"
Mrk 10:21give it to the poorHere the word "it" refers to the things he sells and is a metonym for the money he receives when he sells them. Alternate Translation: "give the money to the poor"
Mrk 10:37in your glorywhen you are glorified. The phrase "in your glory" refers to when Jesus is glorified and rules over his kingdom. Alternate Translation: "when you rule in your kingdom"
Mrk 11:9in the name of the LordThis is a metonym for the Lord's authority. Alternate Translation: "the authority of the Lord"
Mrk 11:10of our father DavidHere David's descendant who will rule is referred to as David himself. Alternate Translation: "of the greatest descendant of our father David" or "that David's greatest descendant will rule"
Mrk 11:23if he does not doubt in his heart but believesHere "heart" is a metonym for a person's mind or inner being. Alternate Translation: "if he truly believes in his heart" or "if he does not doubt but believes"
Mrk 11:30from heavenHere "heaven" refers to God. Alternate Translation: "from God"
Mrk 11:31From heavenHere "heaven" refers to God. See how you translated this in [Mark 11:30](./30.md). Alternate Translation: "From God"
Mrk 12:17Give to Caesar the things that are Caesar'sJesus is teaching that his people must respect the government by paying taxes. This figure of speech can be clarified by changing Caesar to Roman government. Alternate Translation: "Give to the Roman government the things that belong to the Roman government"
Mrk 12:30with all your heart, with all your soul, with all your mind, and with all your strengthHere "heart" and "soul" are metonyms for a person's inner being. These four phrases are used together to mean "completely" or "earnestly."
Mrk 12:33with all the heart ... all the understanding ... all the strengthHere "heart" is a metonym for person's thoughts, feelings, or inner being. These three phrases are used together to mean "completely" or "earnestly."
Mrk 13:6in my namePossible meanings are 1) "claiming my authority" or 2) "claiming that God sent them."
Mrk 13:13because of my nameJesus uses the metonym "my name" to refer to himself. Alternate Translation: "because of me" or "because you believe in me"
Mrk 13:27he will gatherThe word "he" refers to God and is a metonym for his angels, as they are the ones who will gather the elect. Alternate Translation: "they will gather" or "his angels will gather"
Mrk 14:12eat the PassoverHere the "Passover" refers to the Passover meal. Alternate Translation: "eat the Passover meal"
Mrk 14:36Remove this cup from meJesus speaks of the suffering that he must endure as if it were a cup.
Mrk 14:38The spirit ... the fleshThese refer to two different aspects of Peter. "The spirit" is his inmost desires. "The flesh" is his human ability and strength.
Mrk 14:55they might put him to deathThey were not the ones who would execute Jesus; rather, they would order someone else to do it. Alternate Translation: "they might have Jesus executed" or "they might have someone execute Jesus"
Mrk 14:62he sits at the right hand of powerHere "power" is a metonnymm that represents God. To sit at the "right hand of God" is a symbolic action of receiving great honor and authority from God. Alternate Translation: "he sits in the place of honor beside the all-powerful God"
Mrk 15:1they bound Jesus and led him awayThey commanded for Jesus to be bound, but it would have been the guards who actually bound him and led him away. Alternate Translation: "they commanded for Jesus to be bound and then he was led away" or "they commanded the guards to bind Jesus and then they led him away"
Mrk 15:46He took him down ... Then he rolled a stoneYou may need to make explicit that Joseph probably had help from other people when he took Jesus' body down from the cross, prepared it for the tomb, and closed the tomb. Alternate Translation: "He and others took him down ... Then they rolled a stone"
Mrk 16:14they were reclining at the tableThis is a metonym for eating, which was the usual way people in that day ate meals. Alternate Translation: "they were eating a meal"
Mrk 16:15Go into all the worldHere "the world" is a metonym for the people in the world. Alternate Translation: "Go everywhere there are people"
Mrk 16:15the entire creationThis is an exaggeration and a metonym for people everywhere. Alternate Translation: "absolutely everybody"
Mrk 16:17In my nameHere "name" is associated with Jesus' authority and power. See how "in your name" is translated in [Mark 9:38](../09/38.md). Alternate Translation: "By the authority of my name" or "By the power of my name"
Luk 1:32give him the throne of his ancestor DavidThe throne represents the king's authority to rule. Alternate Translation: "give him authority to rule as king as his ancestor David did"
Luk 1:44when the sound of your greeting came to my earsHearing a sound is spoken of as if the sound came to the ears. Alternate Translation: "when I heard the sound of your greeting"
Luk 1:49his nameHere "name" refers to the entire person of God. Alternate Translation: "he"
Luk 1:51displayed strength with his armHere "his arm" is a metonym that stands for God's power. Alternate Translation: "shown that he is very powerful"
Luk 1:66the hand of the Lord was with himThe phrase "the hand of the Lord" refers to the Lord's power. Alternate Translation: "the Lord's power was with him" or "the Lord was working in him powerfully"
Luk 1:69in the house of his servant DavidDavid's "house" here represents his family, specifically, his descendants. Alternate Translation: "in the family of his servant David" or "who is a descendant of his servant David"
Luk 1:70he spoke by the mouth of his holy prophets from long agoGod speaking by the prophets' mouths represents God causing his prophets to say what he wanted them to say. Alternate Translation: "he caused his holy prophets who lived long ago to say"
Luk 1:71handThe hand is a metonym for the power that the person uses the hand to exercise. Alternate Translation: "power" or "control"
Luk 1:74out of the hand of our enemiesHere "hand" refers to the control or power a person. This could be stated clearly. Alternate Translation: "from the control of our enemies"
Luk 1:77to give knowledge of salvation ... by the forgiveness of their sinsThe phrase "give knowledge" is a metaphor for teaching. The abstract nouns "salvation" and "forgiveness" can be expressed with the verbs "save" and "forgive." Alternate Translation: "to teach his people salvation through the forgiveness of their sins" or "to teach his people how God saves people by forgiving their sins"
Luk 2:25consolation of IsraelThe word "Israel" is a metonym for the people of Israel. To "console" someone is to give them comfort, or "consolation." The words "consolation of Israel" are a metonym for the Christ or Messiah who would comfort or bring consolation to the people of Israel. Alternate Translation: "the one who would comfort the people of Israel"
Luk 2:29according to your wordWord here is a metonym for "promise." Alternate Translation: "as you have promised"
Luk 2:30your salvationThis expression refers to the person who would bring salvation—the infant Jesus—whom Simeon was holding. Alternate Translation: "the savior whom you sent" or "the one whom you sent to save"
Luk 2:35the thoughts of many hearts may be revealedHere "hearts" is a metonym for people's inner beings. This can be stated in active form. Alternate Translation: "he may reveal the thoughts of many people" or "he may reveal what many people secretly think"
Luk 2:38the redemption of JerusalemHere the word "redemption" is used to refer to the person who would do it. Alternate Translation: "the one who would redeem Jerusalem" or "the person who would bring God's blessings and favor back to Jerusalem"
Luk 2:51treasured all these things in her heartHere "heart" is a metonym for a person's mind or inner being. Alternate Translation: "carefully remembered all these things"
Luk 3:7from the wrath that is comingThe word "wrath" is used here to refer to God's punishment because his wrath precedes it. Alternate Translation: "from the punishment that God is sending" or "from God's wrath on which he is about to act"
Luk 3:22a voice came from heavenHere "a voice came from heaven" represents people on earth hearing God in heaven speaking. It can be made clear that God spoke to Jesus. Alternate Translation: "a voice from heaven said" or "God spoke to Jesus from heaven, saying"
Luk 5:22in your heartsHere "hearts" is a metonym for people's minds or inner beings.
Luk 6:45out of the abundance of the heart his mouth speaksHere "heart" represents the person's mind or inner being. The phrase "his mouth" represents the person as a whole. Alternate Translation: "what he thinks in his heart affects what he says with his mouth" or "a person will speak aloud what truly values inside of himself"
Luk 8:12The ones along the path are thoseThe seeds that fell along the path are those. Jesus tells what happens to the seeds as it relates to people. Alternate Translation: "The seeds that fell along the path represent people" or "In the parable, the seeds that fell along the path represent people"
Luk 8:12are those whoJesus speaks of the seeds showing something about people as if the seeds were the people. Alternate Translation: "show what happens to people who"
Luk 8:12the devil comes and takes away the word from their heartsHere "hearts is a metonym for people's minds or inner beings. Alternate Translation: "the devil comes and takes away the message of God from their inner thoughts"
Luk 8:13The ones on the rock are thoseThe seeds that fell on the rocky soil are those. Jesus tells what happens to the seeds as it relates to people. Alternate Translation: "The seeds that fell on the rocky soil represent people" or "In the parable the seeds that fell on the rocky soil represent people"
Luk 8:14The seeds that fell among the thorns are peopleThe seeds that fell among the thorns represent people or "In the parable the seeds that fell among the thorns represent people"
Luk 8:15the seed that fell on the good soil, these are the onesthe seed that fell on the good soil represents the people or "in the parable the seed that fell on the good soil represents the people"
Luk 8:15with an honest and good heartHere "heart" is a metonym for a person's thoughts or intentions. Alternate Translation: "with an honest and good desire"
Luk 9:23take up his cross daily and follow mecarry his cross and follow me every day. The cross represents suffering and death. Taking up the cross represents being willing to suffer and die. Alternate Translation: "must obey me every day even to the point of suffering and dying"
Luk 9:47knowing the reasoning in their heartsHere "hearts" is a metonym for their minds. Alternate Translation: "knowing the reasoning in their minds" or "knowing what they were thinking"
Luk 9:48in my nameThis refers to a person doing something as a representative of Jesus. Alternate Translation: "because of me"
Luk 9:49in your nameThis means the person was speaking with the power and authority of Jesus.
Luk 10:5May peace be on this houseThis was both a greeting and a blessing. Here "house" refers to those who live in the house. Alternate Translation: "May the people in this household receive peace"
Luk 10:12it will be more tolerable for Sodom than for that townGod will not judge Sodom as severely as he will judge that town. Alternate Translation: "God will judge the people of that town more severely than he will judge the people of Sodom"
Luk 10:17in your nameHere "name" refers to Jesus' power and authority.
Luk 10:27with all your heart, with all your soul, with all your strength, and with all your mindHere "heart" and "soul" are metonyms for a person's inner being. These four phrases are used together to mean "completely" or "earnestly."
Luk 10:39heard his wordThis refers to everything that Jesus taught while at Martha's house. Alternate Translation: "listened to the Lord teach"
Luk 11:2may your name be sanctifiedcause everyone to honor your name. "Name" often refers to the entire person. Alternate Translation: "may all people honor you"
Luk 11:2May your kingdom comeThe action of God ruling over everyone is spoken of as if it were God himself. Alternate Translation: "May you come and rule over everyone"
Luk 11:17Every kingdom divided against itself is made desolatekingdom here refers to the people in it. This can also be stated in active form. Alternate Translation: "If people of a kingdom fight among themselves, they will destroy their kingdom"
Luk 11:17a house divided against itself fallsHere "house" refers to a family. Alternate Translation: "if family members fight each other, they will ruin their family"
Luk 11:18If Satan is divided against himselfSatan here is referring to the demons who follow Satan as well as to Satan himself. Alternate Translation: "If Satan and members of his kingdom are fighting among themselves"
Luk 11:20by the finger of GodThe "finger of God" refers to God's power.
Luk 11:34Your eyeThe eye is a metonym for vision.
Luk 11:34When your eye is goodHere "eye" here is a metonym for vision. Alternate Translation: "When your vision is good" or "when you see well"
Luk 11:34when your eye is badHere "eye" is a metonym for vision. Alternate Translation: "When your vision is bad" or "when you see poorly"
Luk 11:50This generation, then, will be held responsible for all the blood of the prophets shedThe people to whom Jesus is speaking will be held responsible for the murder of the prophets by their ancestors. Alternate Translation: "Therefore, God will hold this generation responsible for all the deaths of the prophets that people have killed"
Luk 11:50the blood of the prophets shedThe "blood ... shed" refers to the blood spilled when they were killed. Alternate Translation: "the murder of the prophets"
Luk 12:3whatever you have said in the darkness will be heard in the lightHere "darkness" is a metonym for "night" which is a metonym for "private. And "light" is a metonym for "day" which is a metonym for "public. The phrase "will be heard" can be stated in active form. Alternate Translation: "whatever you have said privately at night, people will hear it in the daylight"
Luk 12:30all the nations of the worldHere "nations" refers to "unbelievers." Alternate Translation: "all people of other nations" or "all the unbelievers in the world"
Luk 12:34your heartHere "heart" refers to a person's thoughts.
Luk 12:45says in his heartHere "heart" is a metonym for a person's mind or inner being. Alternate Translation: "thinks to himself"
Luk 13:1whose blood Pilate mixed with their own sacrificesPilate probably ordered his soldiers to kill people rather than doing it himself. Alternate Translation: "whom Pilate's soldiers killed as they were sacrificing animals"
Luk 13:34who kills the prophets and stones those sent to youIf it would be strange to address the city, you can make it clear that Jesus was really addressing the people in the city: "you people who kill the prophets and stone those sent to you"
Luk 13:34to gather your childrenThe people of Jerusalem are described as her "children." Alternate Translation: "to gather your people" or "to gather the people of Jerusalem"
Luk 13:35the name of the LordHere "name" refers to the Lord's power and authority.
Luk 15:18I have sinned against heavenJewish people sometimes avoided saying the word "God" and used the word "heaven" instead. Alternate Translation: "I have sinned against God"
Luk 15:21sinned against heavenJewish people sometimes avoided saying the word "God" and used the word "heaven" instead. See how you translated this in [Luke 15:18](./18.md). Alternate Translation: "I have sinned against God"
Luk 16:9by means of unrighteous wealthPossible meanings are 1) Jesus uses hyperbole when he calls money "unrighteous" because it has no eternal value. Alternate Translation: "by using money, which has no eternal value" or "by using worldly money" or 2) Jesus uses metonymy when he calls money "unrighteous" because people sometimes earn it or use it in unrighteous ways. Alternate Translation: "by using even money that you earned dishonestly"
Luk 16:11unrighteous wealthSee how you translated this in [Luke 16:09](./09.md). Possible meanings are 1) Jesus uses metonymy when he calls money "unrighteous" because people sometimes earn it or use it in unrighteous ways. Alternate Translation: "even money that you earned dishonestly" or 2) Jesus uses hyperbole when he calls money "unrighteous" because it has no eternal value. Alternate Translation: "money, which has no eternal value" or "by using worldly money"
Luk 16:15God knows your heartsHere "hearts" refers to the desires of people. Alternate Translation: "God understands your true desires" or "God knows your motives"
Luk 16:29Moses and the prophetsThis refers to their writings. Alternate Translation: "what Moses and the prophets wrote"
Luk 16:31If they do not listen to Moses and the prophetsHere "Moses and the prophets" represent the things that they wrote. Alternate Translation: "If they do not pay attention to what Moses and the prophets wrote"
Luk 18:42Your faith has healed youThese words are a metonym. It was because of the man's faith that Jesus healed the man. Alternate Translation: "I have healed you because you believed in me"
Luk 19:9this houseThe word "house" here refers to the people living in the house or the family.
Luk 19:22By your own wordsHis "words" refer to all that he had said. Alternate Translation: "Based on what you have said"
Luk 19:38in the name of the LordHere "name" refers to power and authority. Also, "Lord" refers to God.
Luk 19:38glory in the highestMay there be glory in the highest or "We want to see glory in the highest." The words "the highest" refer to heaven, which is a metonym for God, who lives in heaven. Alternate Translation: "Let everyone give glory to God in the highest heaven"
Luk 19:41he wept over itThe word "it" refers to the city of Jerusalem, but it represents the people who lived in that city.
Luk 19:42they are hidden from your eyesyour eyes refer to the ability to see. This can be stated in active form. Alternate Translation: "you can no longer see them"
Luk 20:4from heavenfrom God. Jewish people avoided referring to God by his name "Yahweh." Often they used the word "heaven" to refer to him.
Luk 20:5From heavenFrom God. Jewish people avoided referring to God by his name "Yahweh." Often they used the word "heaven" to refer to him. See how these words are translated in [Luke 20:4](./04.md).
Luk 20:19sought to lay hands on himIn this verse, to "lay hands on" someone is to arrest that person. Alternate Translation: "looked for a way to arrest Jesus"
Luk 20:22CaesarBecause Caesar was the ruler of the Roman government, they could refer to the Roman government by Caesar's name.
Luk 20:25CaesarHere "Caesar" refers to the Roman government.
Luk 21:8in my namePeople coming in his name claim to represent him. Alternate Translation: "claiming to be me" or "claiming to have my authority"
Luk 21:10Nation will rise against nationHere "nation" is a metonym for the people of the nation, and "rise against" is a metonym for attack. The word "nation" represents nations in general, not one particular nation. Alternate Translation: "The people of one nation will attack the people of other nations" or "The people of some nations will attack the people of other nations"
Luk 21:12they will lay their hands on youthey will grab you. This expression refers to people exercising authority over the disciples. Alternate Translation: "they will arrest you"
Luk 21:12because of my nameThe word "name" is here used to refer to Jesus himself. Alternate Translation: "because of me" or "because you follow me"
Luk 21:14resolve in your heartsHere "hearts" is a metonym for people's minds. Alternate Translation: "make up your mind" or "decide firmly"
Luk 21:17because of my namemy name here refers to Jesus. Alternate Translation: "because of me" or "because you follow me"
Luk 21:24They will fall by the edge of the swordThey will be killed by the edge of the sword. Here "fall by the edge of the sword" represents being killed by enemy soldiers. Alternate Translation: "Enemy soldiers will kill them"
Luk 21:28lift up your headsLifting the head is a metonym for looking up. When they lift their heads up, they will be able to see their rescuer coming to them. Alternate Translation: "look up"
Luk 21:28because your deliverance is coming nearGod, who delivers, is spoken of as if he were the deliverance that he causes. The word "deliverance" is an abstract noun that can be translated as a verb. Alternate Translation: "because God will soon deliver you"
Luk 21:31the kingdom of God is nearGod will soon establish his kingdom. Alternate Translation: "God will soon rule as king"
Luk 21:33my words will never pass awaymy words will never cease to exist or "my words will never fail." Jesus uses "words" here to refer to everything he says.
Luk 21:34so that your hearts are not burdenedThe "heart" here refers to the mind and thoughts of the person. Alternate Translation: "so that you are not occupied"
Luk 22:17share it among yourselvesThey were to share the contents of the cup, and not the cup itself. Alternate Translation: "share the wine in the cup among yourselves" or "each of you drink some of the wine from the cup"
Luk 22:20This cupThe word "cup" refers to the wine in the cup. Alternate Translation: "The wine in this cup" or "This cup of wine"
Luk 22:20which is poured out for youJesus speaks of his death by referring to his blood being poured out. Alternate Translation: "which is poured out in death for you" or "which will flow out of my wounds for you when I die"
Luk 22:30you will sit on thronesKings sit on thrones. Sitting on a throne is a symbol of ruling. Alternate Translation: "you will work as kings" or "you will do the work of kings"
Luk 22:34the rooster will not crowHere, the crowing of the rooster refers to a certain time of day. Roosters often crow just before the sun appears in the morning. Therefore, this refers to dawn.
Luk 22:35purseA purse is a bag for holding money. Here it is used to refer to "money."
Luk 22:53lay your hands on meIn this verse, to lay hands on someone is to arrest that person. Alternate Translation: "arrest me"
Luk 22:53the authority of darknessThis refers to the evil ruler, Satan. Alternate Translation: "the time of the ruler of darkness" or "the time for Satan to act"
Luk 22:69the power of Godthe all-powerful God. Here "power" refers to his supreme authority.
Luk 22:71heard from his own mouthThe phrase "his own mouth" refers to his speech. Alternate Translation: "heard him say that he believes he is the Son of God"
Luk 23:2to CaesarCaesar represents the Emperor of Rome. Alternate Translation: "to the Emperor"
Luk 23:28do not weep for me, but weep for yourselves and for your childrenThe person is a metonym for what happens to the person. Alternate Translation: "do not weep about the bad things that will happen to me. Instead, weep because worse things will happen to you and to your children" or "you are weeping because bad things are happening to me, but you will weep even more when worse things happen to you and your children"
Luk 23:42come into your kingdomTo "come into" a kingdom means to begin to rule. Alternate Translation: "begin to rule as king"
Luk 23:46into your hands I commit my spiritThe phrase into your hands" refers to God's care. Alternate Translation: "I entrust my spirit to your care" or "I give my spirit to you, knowing you will care for it"
Luk 24:7into the handsHere "hands" refers to power or control.
Luk 24:8remembered his wordsHere "words" refers to the statement that Jesus made. Alternate Translation: "remembered what Jesus said"
Luk 24:25slow of heart to believeHere "heart" is a metonym for a person's mind. Alternate Translation: "your minds are slow to believe" or "you are slow to believe"
Luk 24:27beginning from MosesMoses wrote the first books of the Bible. Alternate Translation: "beginning with the writings of Moses"
Luk 24:31Then their eyes were openedTheir "eyes" represent their understanding. This can be stated in active form. Alternate Translation: "Then they understood" or "Then they realized"
Luk 24:47in his nameHis "name" here refers to his authority. Alternate Translation: "by the Christ's authority"
Jhn 1:4In him was life, and the life was the light of menIn him was life is a metonym for causing everything to live. And, "light" here is a metaphor for "truth." Alternate Translation: "He is the one who caused everything to live. And he revealed to people what is true about God"
Jhn 1:10the world did not know himThe "world" is a metonym that stands for all the people who live in the world. Alternate Translation: "the people did not know who he really was"
Jhn 1:12believed in his nameThe word "name" is a metonym that stands for Jesus' identity and everything about him. Alternate Translation: "believed in him"
Jhn 1:23I am a voice, crying in the wildernessJohn is saying that Isaiah's prophecy is about himself. The word "voice" here refers to the person who is crying out in the wilderness. Alternate Translation: "I am the one calling out in the wilderness"
Jhn 1:29worldThe word "world" is a metonym and refers to all the people in the world.
Jhn 2:4My time has not yet comeThe word "time" is a metonym that represents the right occasion for Jesus to show that he is the Messiah by working miracles. Alternate Translation: "It is not yet the right time for me to perform a mighty act"
Jhn 2:23believed in his nameHere "name" is a metonym that represents the person of Jesus. Alternate Translation: "believed in him" or "trusted in him"
Jhn 3:16God so loved the worldHere "world" is a metonym that refers to everyone in the world.
Jhn 3:27it has been given to him from heavenHere "heaven" is used as a metonym to refer to God. This can be stated in an active form. Alternate Translation: "God has given it to him"
Jhn 3:31He who is from the earth is from the earth and speaks about the earthJohn means that Jesus is greater than he is since Jesus is from heaven, and John was born on the earth. Alternate Translation: "He who is born in this world is like everyone else who lives in the world and he speaks about what happens in this world"
Jhn 4:41his wordHere "word" is a metonym that stands for the message that Jesus proclaimed. Alternate Translation: "his message"
Jhn 4:42worldThe "world" is a metonym for all the believers throughout the world. Alternate Translation: "all the believers in the world"
Jhn 4:50believed the wordHere "word" is a metonym that refers to the message that Jesus spoke. Alternate Translation: "believed the message"
Jhn 5:24he who hears my wordHere "word" is a metonym that represents the message of Jesus. Alternate Translation: "anyone who hears my message"
Jhn 5:43in my Father's nameHere the word "name" is a metonym that symbolizes God's power and authority. Alternate Translation: "I have come with my Father's authority"
Jhn 5:43If another should come in his own nameThe word "name" is a metonym that represents authority. Alternate Translation: "If another should come in his own authority"
Jhn 5:45The one who accuses you is Moses, in whom you have put your hopeMoses here is a metonym here that stands for the law itself. Alternate Translation: "Moses accuses you in the Law, the very Law in which you have put your hopes"
Jhn 6:33the worldHere the "world" is a metonym for all of the people in the world who trust in Jesus.
Jhn 6:51for the life of the worldHere "the world" is a metonym that represents the lives of all the people in the world. Alternate Translation: "that will give life to all the people in the world"
Jhn 6:63wordsPossible meanings are 1) Jesus' words in [John 6:32-58](./32.md) or 2) everything Jesus teaches.
Jhn 7:4the worldHere "the world" is a metonym for all of the people in the world. Alternate Translation: "all people" or "everyone"
Jhn 7:6My time has not yet comeThe word "time" is a metonym. Jesus is implying that it is not the right time for him to bring his ministry to a close. Alternate Translation: "It is not the right time for me to end my work"
Jhn 7:7The world cannot hate youHere the "world" is a metonym for the people who live in the world. Alternate Translation: "All the people in the world cannot hate you"
Jhn 7:30his hour had not yet comeThe word "hour" is a metonym that represents the right time for Jesus to be arrested, according to God's plan. Alternate Translation: "it was not the right time to arrest him"
Jhn 7:36What is this word that he saidThis "word" is a metonym which stands for the meaning of the message that Jesus had shared, which the Jewish leaders had failed to understand. Alternate Translation: "What is he talking about when he said"
Jhn 7:38from his stomachHere the stomach represents the inside of a person, specifically the non-physical part of a person. Alternate Translation: "from inside of him" or "from his heart"
Jhn 8:12the worldThis is a metonym for the people. Alternate Translation: "the people of the world"
Jhn 8:20his hour had not yet comeThe word "hour" is a metonym for the time for Jesus to die. Alternate Translation: "it was not yet the right time for Jesus to die"
Jhn 8:26these things I say to the worldHere the "world" is a metonym for the people who live in the world. Alternate Translation: "these things I say to all the people"
Jhn 8:35in the houseHere "house" is a metonym for "family." Alternate Translation: "as a permanent member of a family"
Jhn 8:37my word has no place in youHere "word" is a metonym for the "teachings" or "message" of Jesus, which the Jewish leaders do not accept. Alternate Translation: "you do not accept my teachings" or "you do not allow my message to change your life"
Jhn 8:43It is because you cannot hear my wordsHere "words" is a metonym for the "teachings" of Jesus. Alternate Translation: "It is because you will not accept my teachings.
Jhn 8:47the words of GodHere "words" is a metonym for the "message" of God. Alternate Translation: "the message of God" or "the truth that comes from God"
Jhn 8:51keeps my wordHere "word" is a metonym for the "teachings" of Jesus. Alternate Translation: "obeys my teachings" or "does what I say"
Jhn 8:55keep his wordHere "word" is a metonym for what God says. Alternate Translation: "I obey what he says to do"
Jhn 8:56my dayThis is a metonym for what Jesus would accomplish during his life. Alternate Translation: "what I would do during my life"
Jhn 9:5in the worldHere the "world" is a metonym for the people who live in the world. Alternate Translation: "living among the people of this world"
Jhn 9:39came into this worldThe "world" is a metonym for "the people who live in the world." Alternate Translation: "came to live among the people of this world"
Jhn 10:25in the name of my FatherHere "name" is a metonym for the power of God. Here "Father" is an important title for God. Jesus performed miracles through his Father's power and authority. Alternate Translation: "through my Father's power" or "with my Father's power"
Jhn 10:28no one will snatch them out of my handHere the word "hand" is a metonym that represents the protective care of Jesus. Alternate Translation: "no one will steal them away from me" or "they will remain secure forever in my care"
Jhn 10:29the hand of the FatherThe word "hand" is a metonym that refers to God's possession and protective care. Alternate Translation: "No one can steal them from my Father"
Jhn 10:39went away out of their handThe word "hand" is a metonym that represents the custody or possession of the Jewish leaders. Alternate Translation: "got away from them again"
Jhn 12:13comes in the name of the LordHere the word "name" is a metonym for the person's authority and power. Alternate Translation: "comes as the representative of the Lord" or "comes in the power of the Lord"
Jhn 12:15daughter of ZionDaughter of Zion here is a metonym that refers to the people of Jerusalem. Alternate Translation: "you people of Jerusalem"
Jhn 12:19the worldHere "the world" is a metonym that represents (in exaggeration) all of the people in the world. You may need to make explicit that the hearers would have understood that the Pharisees were speaking only of the people in Judea.
Jhn 12:27this hourHere "this hour" is a metonym that represents when Jesus would suffer and die on the cross.
Jhn 12:28glorify your nameHere the word "name" is a metonym that refers to God. Alternate Translation: "make your glory known" or "reveal your glory"
Jhn 12:28a voice came from heavenThis represents God speaking. Sometimes people avoid referring directly to God because they respect him. Alternate Translation: "God spoke from the heavens"
Jhn 12:31Now is the judgment of this worldHere "this world" is a metonym that refers to all the people in the world. Alternate Translation: "Now is the time for God to judge all of the people"
Jhn 12:38the arm of the LordThis is a metonym that refers to the Lord's ability to rescue with power.
Jhn 12:40he has hardened their hearts ... understand with their heartsHere "hearts" is a metonym for a person's mind. The phrase "hardened their hearts" is a metaphor for making someone become stubborn. Also, to "understand with their hearts" means to "truly understand." Alternate Translation: "he has made them stubborn ... truly understand"
Jhn 12:46the worldHere "the world" is a metonym that represents all of the people in the world.
Jhn 13:3had given everything over into his handsHere "his hands" is a metonym for power and authority. Alternate Translation: "had given him complete power and authority over everything"
Jhn 14:1Do not let your heart be troubledHere "heart" is a metonym for a person's inner being. Alternate Translation: "Stop being so anxious and worried"
Jhn 14:13Whatever you ask in my nameHere "name" is a metonym that represents the authority of Jesus. Alternate Translation: "Whatever you ask, using my authority"
Jhn 14:14If you ask me anything in my name, I will do itHere "name" is a metonym that represents the authority of Jesus. Alternate Translation: "If you ask me anything as one of my followers, I will do it" or "Whatever you ask of me, I will do it because you belong to me"
Jhn 14:17The world cannot receive himHere the "world" is a metonym that refers to the people who oppose God. Alternate Translation: "The unbelieving people in this world will never welcome him" or "Those who oppose God will not accept him"
Jhn 14:19the worldHere the "world" is a metonym that represents the people who do not belong to God. Alternate Translation: "the unbelievers"
Jhn 14:22not to the worldHere "world" is a metonym that represents the people who oppose God. Alternate Translation: "not to those who do not belong to God"
Jhn 14:27worldThe "world" is a metonym that represents those people who do not love God.
Jhn 14:27Do not let your heart be troubled, and do not be afraidHere "heart" is a metonym for a person's inner being. Alternate Translation: "So stop being anxious, and do not be afraid"
Jhn 14:31in order that the world will knowHere the "world" is a metonym for the people who do not belong to God. Alternate Translation: "in order that the ones who do not belong to God may know"
Jhn 15:16whatever you ask of the Father in my name, he will give it to youHere "name" is a metonym that represents the authority of Jesus. Alternate Translation: "Because you belong to me, whatever you ask of the Father, he will give it to you"
Jhn 15:18If the world hates you ... therefore the world hates youJesus uses the term "world" in these verses as a metonym to refer to the people who do not belong to God and are opposed to him.
Jhn 15:19If the world hates you ... therefore the world hates youJesus uses the term "world" in these verses as a metonym to refer to the people who do not belong to God and are opposed to him.
Jhn 15:20Remember the word that I said to youHere "word" is a metonym for the message of Jesus. Alternate Translation: "Remember the message that I spoke to you"
Jhn 15:21because of my nameHere "because of my name" is a metonym that represents Jesus. People will make his followers suffer because they belong to him. Alternate Translation: "because you belong to me"
Jhn 15:27the beginningHere the "beginning" is a metonym that means the first days of Jesus' ministry. Alternate Translation: "from the very first days when I began teaching the people and doing miracles"
Jhn 16:4when their hour comesHere "hour" is a metonym that refers to the time when people will persecute Jesus' followers. Alternate Translation: "when they cause you to suffer"
Jhn 16:4in the beginningThis is a metonym that refers to the first days of Jesus' ministry. Alternate Translation: "when you first started following me"
Jhn 16:6sadness has filled your heartHere "heart" is a metonym for a person's inner being. Alternate Translation: "you are now very sad"
Jhn 16:8worldThis is a metonym that refers to the people in the world.(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
Jhn 16:20but the world will be gladHere the "world" is a metonym for the people who oppose God. Alternate Translation: "but the people who oppose God will be glad"
Jhn 16:22your heart will be gladHere "heart" is a metonym for a person's inner being. Alternate Translation: "you will be very happy" or "you will be very joyful"
Jhn 16:23if you ask anything of the Father in my name, he will give it to youHere the word "name" is a metonym that refers to the person and authority of Jesus. Alternate Translation: "if you ask anything of the Father, he will give it to you because you belong to me"
Jhn 16:23in my nameHere "name" is a metonym that refers to the person and authority of Jesus. The Father will honor the requests of the believers because of their relationship with Jesus. Alternate Translation: "because you are my followers" or "on my authority"
Jhn 16:26you will ask in my nameHere "name" is a metonym for the person and authority of Jesus. Alternate Translation: "you will ask because you belong to me"
Jhn 16:28worldThe "world" is a metonym that refers to the people who live in the world.
Jhn 16:33I have conquered the worldHere "the world" refers to the troubles and persecution that believers will endure from those who oppose God. Alternate Translation: "I have conquered the troubles of this world"
Jhn 17:1the hour has comeHere the word "hour" is a metonym that refers to the time for Jesus to suffer and die. Alternate Translation: "it is time for me to suffer and die"
Jhn 17:4the work that you have given me to doHere "work" is a metonym that refers to Jesus' entire earthly ministry.
Jhn 17:6I revealed your nameHere "name" is a metonym that refers to the person of God. Alternate Translation: "I taught them who you really are and what you are like"
Jhn 17:6from the worldHere "world" is a metonym that refers to the people of the world that oppose God. This means that God has separated the believers spiritually from the people who do not believe in him.
Jhn 17:9I do not pray for the worldHere the word "world" is a metonym that refers to the people who oppose God. Alternate Translation: "I am not praying for those who do not belong to you"
Jhn 17:11in the worldThis is a metonym that refers to being on earth and being among the people who oppose God. Alternate Translation: "among the people who do not belong to you"
Jhn 17:11keep them in your name that you have given meHere the word "name" is a metonym for God's power and authority. Alternate Translation: "keep them safe by your power and authority, which you have given me"
Jhn 17:12I kept them in your nameHere "name" is a metonym that refers to the power and protection of God. Alternate Translation: "I kept them with your protection"
Jhn 17:13in the worldHere "world" is a metonym for the people who live in the world.
Jhn 17:13the world ... because they are not of the world ... I am not of the worldHere "the "world" is a metonym that refers to the people who oppose God. Alternate Translation: "The people who oppose you have hated my followers because they do not belong to those who do not believe, just as I do not belong to them"
Jhn 17:14the world ... because they are not of the world ... I am not of the worldHere "the "world" is a metonym that refers to the people who oppose God. Alternate Translation: "The people who oppose you have hated my followers because they do not belong to those who do not believe, just as I do not belong to them"
Jhn 17:15the worldIn this passage, "the world" is a metonym for the people who oppose God.
Jhn 17:18into the worldHere into "the world" is a metonym that means to the people who live in the world. Alternate Translation: "to the people of the world"
Jhn 17:21the worldHere the "the world" is a metonym that refers to the people who do not yet know God. Alternate Translation: "the people who do not know God"
Jhn 17:23that the world will knowHere "the world" is a metonym that refers to the people who do not know God. Alternate Translation: "that all the people will know"
Jhn 17:25the world did not know youThe "world" is a metonym for the people who do not belong to God. Alternate Translation: "those who do not belong to you do not know what you are like"
Jhn 17:26I made your name known to themThe word "name" refers to God. Alternate Translation: "I have revealed to them what you are like"
Jhn 18:36My kingdom is not of this worldHere "world" is a metonym for the people who oppose Jesus. Possible meanings are 1) "My kingdom is not part of this world" or 2) "I do not need this world's permission to rule as their king" or "It is not from this world that I have authority to be king."
Jhn 19:10powerHere "power" is a metonym that refers to the ability to do something or to cause something to happen.
Jhn 20:31life in his nameHere "life" is a metonym that means Jesus gives life. Alternate Translation: "you may have life because of Jesus"
Act 1:4the promise of the FatherThis is a reference to the Holy Spirit. Alternate Translation: "the Holy Spirit, whom the Father promised to send"
Act 1:16by the mouth of DavidThe word "mouth" refers to the words that David wrote. Alternate Translation: "through the words of David"
Act 1:24You, Lord, know the hearts of all peopleHere the word "hearts" refers to the thoughts and motives. Alternate Translation: "You, Lord, know the thoughts and motives of everyone"
Act 2:14pay attention to my wordsPeter was referring to what he was saying. Alternate Translation: "listen carefully to what I am saying"
Act 2:23by the hand of lawless menHere "hand" refers to the actions of the lawless men. Alternate Translation: "through the actions of lawless men" or "by what lawless men did"
Act 2:28full of gladness with your faceHere the word "face" refers to the presence of God. Alternate Translation: "very glad when I see you" or "very glad when I am in your presence"
Act 2:30he would set one of the fruit of his body upon his throneGod would set one of David's descendants upon David's throne. Alternate Translation: "God would appoint one of David's descendants to be king in David's place"
Act 2:38in the name of Jesus ChristIn the name of here is a metonym for "by the authority of" Alternate Translation: "by the authority of Jesus Christ"
Act 2:45distributed them to allHere the word "them" refers to the profit that they made from selling their property and possessions. Alternate Translation: "distributed the proceeds to all"
Act 2:46with glad and humble heartsHere "heart" is a metonym for a person's emotions. Alternate Translation: "joyfully and humbly"
Act 3:6Silver and goldThese words refer to money.
Act 3:6In the name of Jesus ChristHere the word "name" refers to power and authority. Alternate Translation: "With the authority of Jesus Christ"
Act 3:18the mouth of all the prophetsHere the word "mouth" refers to the words that the prophets spoke and wrote down. Alternate Translation: "the words of all the prophets"
Act 3:19from the presence of the LordHere the words "presence of the Lord" is a metonym for the Lord himself. Alternate Translation: "from the Lord"
Act 3:21the mouth of his holy prophetsHere the word "mouth" refers to the words that the prophets spoke and wrote down. Alternate Translation: "the words of his holy prophets"
Act 4:7in what nameHere the word "name" refers to authority. Alternate Translation: "by whose authority"
Act 4:10in the name of Jesus Christ of NazarethHere the word "name" refers to power and authority. Alternate Translation: "by the power of Jesus Christ of Nazareth"
Act 4:12no other name ... given among menThe phrase "name ... given among men" refers to the person of Jesus. Alternate Translation: "no other person under heaven, who is given among men, by whom"
Act 4:17not to speak anymore to anyone in this nameHere the word "name" refers to the person of Jesus. Alternate Translation: "not to speak anymore to anyone about this person, Jesus"
Act 4:19Whether it is right in the sight of GodHere the phrase "in the sight of God" refers to God's opinion. Alternate Translation: "Whether God thinks it is right"
Act 4:25through the mouth of your servant, our father DavidHere the word "mouth" refers to the words that David spoke or wrote down. Alternate Translation: "by the words of your servant, our father David"
Act 4:26set themselves together ... gathered togetherThese two phrases mean that they joined their armies together to fight a battle. Alternate Translation: "set their armies together ... gathered their troops together"
Act 4:28to do all that your hand and your plan had decidedHere the word "hand" is used to mean God's power. Additionally, the phrase "your hand and your desire decided" shows God's power and plan. Alternate Translation: "to do all that you had decided because you are powerful and did all that you planned"
Act 4:29speak your word with all boldnessThe word "word" here is a metonym for God's message. The abstract noun "boldness" can be translated as an adverb. Alternate Translation: "speak your message boldly" or "be bold when we speak your message"
Act 4:30Stretch out your hand to healHere the word "hand" refers to God's power. This is a request for God to show how powerful he is. Alternate Translation: "while you show your power by healing people"
Act 4:30through the name of your holy servant JesusHere the word "name" refers to power and authority. Alternate Translation: "through the power of your holy servant Jesus"
Act 4:32were of one heart and soulHere the word "heart" refers to the thoughts and the word "soul" refers to the emotions. Together they refer to the total person. Alternate Translation: "thought the same way and wanted the same things"
Act 5:3Satan filled your heartHere the word "heart" is a metonym for the will and emotions. The phrase "Satan filled your heart" is a metaphor. Possible meanings of the metaphor are 1) "Satan completely controlled you" or 2) "Satan convinced you"
Act 5:20all the words of this lifeThe word "words" here is a metonym for the message that the apostles had already proclaimed. Possible meanings are 1) "all this message of eternal life" or 2) "the whole message of this new way of living"
Act 5:28in this nameHere the word "name" refers to the person of Jesus. See how you translated this in [Acts 4:17](../04/17.md). Alternate Translation: "not to speak anymore about this person, Jesus"
Act 5:28desire to bring this man's blood upon usHere the word "blood" is a metonym for death, and to bring someone's blood on people is a metaphor for saying that they are guilty of that person's death. Alternate Translation: "desire to make us responsible for this man's death"
Act 5:30by hanging him on a treeHere Peter uses the word "tree" to refer to the cross which was made out of wood. Alternate Translation: "by hanging him on a cross"
Act 5:31IsraelThe word "Israel" refers to the Jewish people.
Act 5:40they called the apostles in and beat themThe council members would have ordered the temple guards to do these things.
Act 5:40to speak in the name of JesusHere "name" refers to the authority of Jesus. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Acts 4:18](../04/18.md). Alternate Translation: "to speak anymore in the authority of Jesus"
Act 5:41for the NameHere "the Name" refers to Jesus. Alternate Translation: "for Jesus"
Act 6:2serve tablesThis is a phrase meaning to serve food to the people.
Act 7:7I will judge the nationnation refers to the people in it. Alternate Translation: "I will judge the people of the nation"
Act 7:10over EgyptThis refers to the people of Egypt. Alternate Translation: "over all the people of Egypt"
Act 7:10all his householdThis refers to all his possessions. Alternate Translation: "everything he owned"
Act 7:18over EgyptEgypt refers to the people of Egypt. Alternate Translation: "the people of Egypt"
Act 7:18who did not know about JosephJoseph refers to the reputation of Joseph. Alternate Translation: "who did not know that Joseph had helped Egypt"
Act 7:23it came into his heartHere "heart" is a metonym for "mind." The phrase "it came into his heart" is an idiom that means to decide something. Alternate Translation: "it came into his mind" or "he decided"
Act 7:25by his hand was rescuing themHere "hand" refers to the actions of Moses. Alternate Translation: "was rescuing them through what Moses was doing" or "was using the actions of Moses to rescue them"
Act 7:35by the hand of the angel ... bushThe hand is a metonym for the action performed by the person. In this case, the angel had commanded Moses to return to Egypt. Stephen speaks as if the angel had a physical hand. You may need to make explicit what action the angel did. Alternate Translation: "by the action of the angel" or "by having the angel ... bush command him to return to Egypt"
Act 7:38living wordsPossible meanings are 1) "a message that endures" or 2) "words that give life."
Act 7:39in their hearts they turned backHere "hearts" is a metonym for people's thoughts. To do something in the heart means to desire do to something. Alternate Translation: "they desired to turn back"
Act 7:42house of IsraelThis refers to the whole nation of Israel. Alternate Translation: "all you Israelites"
Act 7:45God took the land ... before the face of our fathersHere "the face of our fathers" refers to the presence of their ancestors. Possible meanings are 1) "As our ancestors watched, God took the land from the nations and drove them out" or 2) "When our ancestors came, God took the land from the nations and drove them out"
Act 7:45the nationsThis refers to the people who lived in the land before Israel. Alternate Translation: "the people who previously lived here"
Act 7:51uncircumcised in heart and earsThe Jews regarded uncircumcised people as disobedient to God. Stephen uses "hearts and ears" to represent to the Jewish leaders who acted the way Gentiles act when they do not obey or listen to God. Alternate Translation: "you refuse to obey and hear"
Act 8:4proclaiming the wordWord here is a metonym for "message." Alternate Translation: "proclaiming the message from God"
Act 8:5proclaimed to them the ChristThe title "Christ" refers to Jesus, the Messiah. Alternate Translation: "told them that Jesus is the Messiah"
Act 8:8So there was much joy in that cityThe phrase "that city" refers to the people who were rejoicing. Alternate Translation: "So the people of the city were rejoicing"
Act 8:16they had only been baptized into the name of the Lord JesusHere "name" represents authority, and being baptized into his name represents being baptized in order to be under his authority. Alternate Translation: "they had only been baptized to become disciples of the Lord Jesus"
Act 8:21your heart is not rightHere "heart" is a metonym for a person's thoughts or motives. Alternate Translation: "you are not right in your heart" or "the motives of your mind are not right"
Act 8:22for the intention of your heartHere "heart" is a metonym for a person's thoughts. Alternate Translation: "for what you intended to do" or "for what you were thinking of doing"
Act 8:25spoken the word of the LordWord here is a metonym for "message." Peter and John explained the message about Jesus to the Samaritans.
Act 8:28reading the prophet IsaiahThis is the Old Testament book Isaiah. Alternate Translation: "reading from the book of the prophet Isaiah"
Act 8:29stay close to this chariotPhilip understood that this meant he was to stay close to the person riding in the chariot. Alternate Translation: "accompany the man in this chariot"
Act 8:30reading Isaiah the prophetThis is the Old Testament book Isaiah. Alternate Translation: "reading from the book of the prophet Isaiah"
Act 8:35this scriptureThis refers to Isaiah's writings in the Old Testament. Alternate Translation: "in the writings of Isaiah"
Act 9:2for the synagoguesThis refers to the people in the synagogues. Alternate Translation: "for the people in the synagogues" or "for the leaders in the synagogues"
Act 9:14calls upon your nameHere "your name" refers to Jesus.
Act 9:15he is a chosen instrument of minechosen instrument refers to something that is set apart for service. Alternate Translation: "I have chosen him to serve me"
Act 9:15to carry my nameThis is an expression for identifying or speaking out for Jesus. Alternate Translation: "in order that he might speak about me"
Act 9:16for the cause of my nameThis is an expression meaning "for telling people about me."
Act 9:21this nameHere "name" refers to Jesus. Alternate Translation: "the name of Jesus"
Act 9:27had spoken boldly in the name of JesusThis is a way of saying he preached or taught the gospel message of Jesus Christ without fear. Alternate Translation: "had openly preached the message about Jesus"
Act 9:28in the name of the Lord JesusPossible meanings are 1) this simply refers to the Lord Jesus and tells who Paul spoke about. Alternate Translation: "about the Lord Jesus" or 2) "name" is a metonym for authority. Alternate Translation: "under the authority of the Lord Jesus" or "with the authority that the Lord Jesus gave him"
Act 10:43through his nameHere "his name" refers to the actions of Jesus. His name means God who saves. Alternate Translation: "through what Jesus has done for them"
Act 10:48be baptized in the name of Jesus ChristHere "in the name of Jesus Christ" expresses that the reason for their baptism was that they believed in Jesus. Alternate Translation: "be baptized as believers in Jesus Christ"
Act 11:1had received the word of GodThis expression refers to the fact that the Gentiles believed the gospel message about Jesus. Alternate Translation: "believed the message of God about Jesus"
Act 11:2they who belonged to the circumcision groupThis is a reference to some of the Jews who believed that every believer must be circumcised. Alternate Translation: "some Jewish believers in Jerusalem who wanted all followers of Christ to be circumcized"
Act 11:3uncircumcised menThe phrase "uncircumcised men" refers to Gentiles.
Act 11:8nothing unholy or unclean has ever entered into my mouthApparently the animals in the sheet were animals which the Jewish law in the Old Testament forbade the Jews to eat. This can be said in a positive way. Alternate Translation: "I have eaten only meat from holy and clean animals"
Act 11:9What God has declared clean, do not call uncleanThis refers to the animals in the sheet.
Act 11:14all your householdThis refers to all the people in the household. Alternate Translation: "everyone who lives in your house"
Act 11:21The hand of the Lord was with themGod's hand signifies his powerful help. Alternate Translation: "God was powerfully enabling those believers to preach effectively"
Act 11:22ears of the churchHere "ears" refers to the believers' hearing about the event. Alternate Translation: "the believers in the church"
Act 11:23with all their heartHere the "heart" refers to a person's will and desire. Alternate Translation: "with all their will" or "with complete commitment"
Act 11:24many people were added to the LordHere "added" means they came to believe the same thing as the others. Alternate Translation: "many more people also believed in the Lord"
Act 12:2He killed JamesPossible meanings are 1) Herod himself killed James or 2) Herod ordered someone to kill James. Alternate Translation: "Herod gave the order and they killed James"
Act 12:11delivered me out of the hand of HerodHere "the hand of Herod" refers to "Herod's hold" or "Herod's plans." Alternate Translation: "brought me from the harm Herod had planned for me"
Act 13:10You son of the devilPaul is saying the man is acting like the devil. Alternate Translation: "You are like the devil" or "You act like the devil"
Act 13:11the hand of the Lord is upon youHere "hand' represents the power of God and "upon you" implies punishment. Alternate Translation: "The Lord will punish you"
Act 13:17with an uplifted armThis refers to God's mighty power. Alternate Translation: "with great power"
Act 13:23brought to IsraelThis refers to the people of Israel. Alternate Translation: "gave to the people of Israel"
Act 13:27sayings of the prophetsHere the word "sayings" represents the message of the prophets. Alternate Translation: "the writings of the prophets" or "the message of the prophets"
Act 13:35You will not allow your Holy One to see decayThe phrase "see decay" is a metonym for "decay." Alternate Translation: "You will not allow the body of your Holy One to rot"
Act 13:36experienced decayThe phrase "experienced decay" is a metonym for "his body decayed." Alternate Translation: "his body rotted"
Act 13:37experienced no decayThe phrase "experienced no decay" is a way to say "his body did not decay." Alternate Translation: "did not rot"
Act 13:42these same wordsHere "words" refers to the message that Paul had spoken. Alternate Translation: "this same message"
Act 13:44almost the whole cityThe "city" represents the people in the city. This phrase is used to show the great response to the Lord's word. Alternate Translation: "almost all the people of the city"
Act 13:48praised the word of the LordHere "word" refers to the message about Jesus that they had believed. Alternate Translation: "praised God for the message about the Lord Jesus"
Act 13:49The word of the Lord was spread out through the whole regionHere "word" refers to the message about Jesus. This can be stated in active form. Alternate Translation: "Those who believed spread the word of the Lord through the whole region" or "Those who believed went everywhere in the region and told others about the message of Jesus"
Act 14:4the majority of the city was dividedHere "city"refers to the people in the city. Alternate Translation: "most of the people of the city were divided" or "most of the people of the city did not agree with each other"
Act 14:17filling your hearts with food and gladnessHere "you hearts" refers to the people. Alternate Translation: "giving you enough to eat and things about which to be happy"
Act 14:25When they had spoken the word in PergaWord here is a metonym for "message of God." Alternate Translation: "(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
Act 15:3being sent by the churchHere "church" stands for the people that were a part of the church.
Act 15:7the word of the gospelHere "word" stands for a message. Alternate Translation: "the message about Jesus"
Act 15:8who knows the heartHere "heart" refers to the "minds" or "inner beings." Alternate Translation: "who knows the people's minds" or "who knows what people think"
Act 15:14for his namefor God's name. Here "name" refers to God. Alternate Translation: "for himself"
Act 15:15The words of the prophets agreeHere "words" stands for a message. Alternate Translation: "What the prophets said agrees" or "The prophets agree"
Act 15:16tentHere "tent" stands for David's family.
Act 15:17my nameHere "my name" stands for God.
Act 15:21Moses has been proclaimedHere "Moses" represents the law of Moses. This can be stated in active form. Alternate Translation: "The law of Moses has been proclaimed" or "Jews have taught the law of Moses"
Act 15:21and he is readHere "he" refers to Moses, whose name here represents his law. Alternate Translation: "and the law is read" or "and they read the law"
Act 15:26for the name of our Lord Jesus ChristHere "name" refers to the whole person. Alternate Translation: "because they believe in our Lord Jesus Christ" or "because they serve our Lord Jesus Christ"
Act 15:35the word of the LordHere "word" stands for a message. Alternate Translation: "the message about the Lord"
Act 15:36the word of the LordHere "word" stands for the message. Alternate Translation: "the message about the Lord"
Act 16:4the churchesHere this stands for the believers in the churches.
Act 16:6the wordHere "word" stands for "message." Alternate Translation: "the message about Christ"
Act 16:14opened her heartHere "heart" stands for a person's mind. Also, the author speaks about the "heart" or "mind" as if it were a box that a person could open so it is ready for someone to fill it.
Act 16:15her houseHere "house" represents the people who live in her house. Alternate Translation: "the members of her household" or "her family and household servants"
Act 16:18in the name of Jesus ChristHere "name" stands for speaking with the authority or as the representative of Jesus Christ.
Act 16:29for lightsThe word "lights" stands for something that makes light. Alternate Translation: "for torches" or "for lamps"
Act 16:31your houseHere "house" stands for the people who live in the house. Alternate Translation: "all the members of your household" or "your family"
Act 16:32They spoke the word of the Lord to himHere "word" stands for a message. Alternate Translation: "They told him the message about the Lord Jesus"
Act 16:35sent word to the guardsHere "word" stands for "message" or "command." Alternate Translation: "sent a message to the guards" or "sent a command to the guards"
Act 16:37They have publicly beaten usHere "They" refers to the magistrates who commanded their soldiers to beat them. Alternate Translation: "The magistrates ordered their soldiers to beat us in public"
Act 17:5set the city in an uproarHere "the city" stands for the people in the city. Alternate Translation: "caused the people of the city to be in an uproar" or "caused the people of the city to riot"
Act 17:11received the wordHere "word" refers to a teaching. Alternate Translation: "listened to the teaching"
Act 17:19to the AreopagusThe "Areopagus" was the place where the leaders met. Alternate Translation: "to the leaders that met on the Areopagus"
Act 17:29qualities of deityHere "deity" refers to God's nature or attributes. Alternate Translation: "that God"
Act 17:31he will judge the worldHere "world" refers to the people. Alternate Translation: "he will judge all people"
Act 18:6May your blood be upon your own headsHere "blood" stands for the guilt of their actions. Here "heads" refers to the whole person. Paul tells the Jews they are solely responsible for the judgment they will face for their stubbornness if they refuse to repent. Alternate Translation: "You alone bear the responsibility for your punishment for sin"
Act 18:8all those who lived in his houseHere "house" refers to the people who lived together. Alternate Translation: "the people who lived with him in his house"
Act 18:12brought him before the judgment seatThe Jews took Paul by force to bring Paul before the court. Here "judgment seat" refers to the place where Gallio sat when he made legal decisions in court. Alternate Translation: "took him so that the governor could judge him at the judgment seat"
Act 18:16Gallio made them leave the judgment seatGallio dismissed them from the judgment seat. Here "judgment seat" refers to the place where Gallio sits to make legal decisions in court. Alternate Translation: "Gallio made them leave his presence in the court" or "Gallio made them leave the court"
Act 18:22greeted the Jerusalem churchHere "church" refers to the believers in Jerusalem. Alternate Translation: "greeted the members of the church of Jerusalem"
Act 19:5in the name of the Lord JesusHere "name" refers to Jesus' power and authority. Alternate Translation: "as believers in the Lord Jesus"
Act 19:8about the kingdom of GodHere "kingdom" stands for God's rule as king. Alternate Translation: "about God's rule as king" or "about how God would show himself as king"
Act 19:10the word of the LordHere "word" stands for a message. Alternate Translation: "the message about the Lord"
Act 19:13the name of the Lord JesusHere "name" refers to Jesus' power and authority.
Act 19:13By the JesusThis stands for the power and authority of Jesus. Alternate Translation: "by the authority of Jesus" or "by the power of Jesus"
Act 19:17the nameThis stands for the power and authority of Jesus.
Act 19:29The whole city was filled with confusionHere "city" refers to the people. The city is spoken of as if it were a container. And, "confusion" is spoken of as if it were the contents that filled the container. Alternate Translation: "Then people all over the city became upset and started shouting"
Act 20:19with tearsHere "tears" stands for feeling sad and crying. Alternate Translation: "I crying as I served the Lord"
Act 20:23chains and sufferings await meHere "chains" refers to Paul's being arrested and put in prison. Alternate Translation: "people will put me in prison and cause me to suffer"
Act 20:25among whom I went about proclaiming the kingdomHere "kingdom" stands for God's rule as king. Alternate Translation: "to whom I preached the message about God's reign as king" or "to whom I preached about how God will show himself as king"
Act 20:26I am innocent of the blood of any manHere "blood" stands for a person's death, which, in this case, is not physical death but spiritual death when God declares a person guilty of sin. Paul had told them God's truth. Alternate Translation: "I am not responsible for anyone whom God judges guilty of sin because they did not trust in Jesus"
Act 20:28his own bloodHere "blood" stands for Christ's death.
Act 20:31with tearsHere "tears" refers to Paul's crying because of the strong emotion of concern he felt while he was warning the people.
Act 20:32I entrust you to God and to the word of his graceHere "word" stands for a message. Alternate Translation: "I ask God to take care of you and that he will help you to keep believing the message I spoke to you about his grace"
Act 20:35the words of the Lord JesusHere "words" refers to what Jesus has said.
Act 21:2When we found a ship crossing over to PhoeniciaHere "a ship crossing over" stands for the crew that would sail the ship. Alternate Translation: "When we found a ship with a crew sailing over to Phoenicia"
Act 21:3where the ship was to unload its cargoHere "ship" stands for the crew that was sailing the ship. Alternate Translation: "the crew would unload the cargo from the ship"
Act 21:11into the hands of the GentilesThe word "hands" here represents control. Alternate Translation: "into the legal custody of the Gentiles" or "to the Gentiles"
Act 21:13for the name of the Lord JesusHere "name" refers to the person of Jesus. Alternate Translation: "for the sake of the Lord Jesus" or "because I believe in the Lord Jesus"
Act 21:21to abandon MosesHere "Moses" stands for the law of Moses. Alternate Translation: "to stop obeying the laws that Moses gave us"
Act 21:31news came up to the chief captain of the guardHere "news" refers to the messenger who went to speak the news. Alternate Translation: "someone gave news to the chief captain of the guard"
Act 22:3at the feet of GamalielHere "feet" stands for the place where a student would sit while learning from a teacher. Alternate Translation: "by Gamaliel"
Act 22:4I persecuted this WayHere "this Way" represents the people who belonged to the group called "the Way." Alternate Translation: "I persecuted the people who belonged to this Way"
Act 22:20the blood of Stephen your witness was spilledHere "blood" stands for Stephen's life. To spill blood means to kill. This can be stated in active form. Alternate Translation: "they killed Stephen who testified about you"
Act 22:30So he untied his bondsPossibly the "chief officer" stands for the chief officers' soldiers. Alternate Translation: "So the chief captain ordered his soldiers to untie Paul's bonds"
Act 24:10a judge to this nationHere "nation" refers to the people of the Jewish nation. Alternate Translation: "a judge for the people of the Jewish nation"
Act 24:16to have a clear conscience before GodHere "conscience" refers to a person's inner morality that chooses between right and wrong. Alternate Translation: "to be blameless" or "to always do what is right"
Act 25:6sat in the judgment seatHere "judgment seat" refers to Festus' ruling as judge over Paul's trial. Alternate Translation: "sat upon the seat where he acted as judge" or "he sat down as judge"
Act 25:10I stand before the judgment seat of Caesar where I must be judgedThe "judgment seat" refers to Caesar's authority to judge Paul. This can be stated in active form. Alternate Translation: "I ask to go before Caesar, so he can judge me"
Act 25:17I sat in the judgment seatHere "judgment seat" refers to Festus ruling over Paul's trial as judge. Alternate Translation: "I sat upon the seat to act as judge" or "I sat down as judge"
Act 26:7For this is the promise that our twelve tribes sought to receiveThe phrase "our twelve tribes" stands for the people in those tribes. Alternate Translation: "This is also what our fellow Jews in the twelve tribes were waiting for"
Act 26:9against the name of JesusThe word "name" here stands for the teaching about the person. Alternate Translation: "to stop people from teaching about Jesus"
Act 26:14I heard a voice speaking to me that saidHere "voice" stands for the person speaking. Alternate Translation: "I heard someone speaking to me who said"
Act 26:19the heavenly visionThis refers to what the person in the vision told Paul. Alternate Translation: "what the person from heaven told me in the vision"
Act 26:29but without these prison chainsHere "prison chains" stands for being a prisoner. Alternate Translation: "but, of course, I do no want you to be a prisoner like I am"
Act 27:2We boarded a ship ... which was about to sailHere "ship ... which was about to sail" stands for the crew that will sail the ship. Alternate Translation: "We boarded a ship ... which a crew was about to sail"
Act 27:24You must stand before CaesarThe phrase "stand before Caesar" refers to Paul's going to court and letting Caesar judge him. Alternate Translation: "You must stand before Caesar so he can judge you"
Act 28:17into the hands of the RomansHere "hands" stands for power or control.
Act 28:20IsraelHere "Israel" stands for the people. Alternate Translation: "the people of Israel" or "the Jews"
Act 28:20that I am bound with this chainHere "bound with this chain" stands for being a prisoner. Alternate Translation: "that I am a prisoner"
Act 28:23testified about the kingdom of GodHere "kingdom of God" stands for God's rule as king. Alternate Translation: "told them about God's rule as king" or "told them how God would show himself as king"
Act 28:23from the prophetsHere "the prophets" refers to what they wrote. Alternate Translation: "from what the prophets wrote"
Act 28:25after Paul had spoken this one wordHere "word" stands for a message or statement. Alternate Translation: "after Paul had said one more thing" or "after Paul had made this statement"
Act 28:27understand with their heartHere "heart" stands for the mind.
Act 28:31He was proclaiming the kingdom of GodHere "kingdom of God" refers to God's rule as king. Alternate Translation: "He was preaching about God's rule as king" or "He was preaching about how God will show himself as king"
Rom 1:5for obedience of faith among all the nations, for the sake of his namePaul uses the word "name" as a metonym to refer to Jesus. Alternate Translation: "in order to teach all nations to obey because of their faith in him"
Rom 2:8wrathHere the word "wrath" is a metonym that refers to God's severe punishment of wicked people.
Rom 2:15that the actions required by the law are written in their heartsHere "hearts" is a metonym for the person's thoughts or inner person. The phrase "written in their hearts" is a metaphor for knowing something in their mind. You can translate this in an active form. Alternate Translation: "that God has written on their hearts what the law requires them to do" or "that they know the actions that God wants them to do according to his law"
Rom 2:24name of GodThe word "name" is a metonym that refers to the entirety of God, not just his name.
Rom 2:29of the heartHere "heart" is a metonym for the inner person.
Rom 3:5to bring his wrath upon usHere "wrath" is a metonym for punishment. Alternate Translation: "to bring his punishment upon us" or "to punish us"
Rom 3:6the worldThe "world" is a metonym for the people who live in the world. Alternate Translation: "anyone in the world"
Rom 3:13Their throat is an open graveThe word "throat" is a metonym for everything that people say that is unrighteous and disgusting. Here "open grave" is a metaphor that refers to the stench of the evil words of the people.
Rom 3:13Their tongues have deceivedThe word "tongues" is a metonym for the false words that people speak. Alternate Translation: "People speak lies"
Rom 3:14Their mouths are full of cursing and bitternessHere "mouths" is a metonym that represents the evil words of the people. The word "full" exaggerates how often people speak bitterly and curse. Alternate Translation: "They often speak curses and cruel words"
Rom 3:16Destruction and suffering are in their pathsHere "destruction and suffering" are metonyms that represent the harm that these people cause others to suffer. Alternate Translation: "They try to destroy others and cause them to suffer"
Rom 3:23come short of the glory of GodHere the "glory of God" is a metonym that refers to the image of God and his nature. Alternate Translation: "have failed to be like God"
Rom 3:25in his bloodThis is a metonym for the death of Jesus as a sacrifice for sins. Alternate Translation: "in his death as a sacrifice for sins"
Rom 3:30he will justify the circumcision by faith, and the uncircumcision through faithHere "circumcision" is a metonym that refers to Jews and "uncircumcision" is a metonym that refers to non-Jews. Alternate Translation: "God will make both Jews and non-Jews right with himself through their faith in Christ"
Rom 4:9those of the circumcisionThis is a metonym that refers to the Jewish people. Alternate Translation: "the Jews"
Rom 4:9those of the uncircumcisionThis is a metonym that refers to the people who are not Jews. Alternate Translation: "the Gentiles"
Rom 5:5because the love of God has been poured into our heartsHere "hearts" represents a person's thoughts, feelings, or inner person. The phrase "the love of God has been poured into our hearts" is a metaphor for God showing love to his people. This can be stated in active form. Alternate Translation: "because he has loved us greatly" or "because God has shown us how much he loves us"
Rom 5:9bloodThis is a metonym for the sacrificial death of Jesus on the cross.
Rom 5:9the wrath of GodHere "wrath" is a metonym that refers to God's punishment of those who have sinned against him. Alternate Translation: "God's punishment"
Rom 6:6the body of sinThis is a metonym that refers to the whole sinful person. Alternate Translation: "our sinful nature"
Rom 6:17but you have obeyed from the heartHere the word "heart" refers to having sincere or honest motives for doing something. Alternate Translation: "but you truly obeyed"
Rom 6:19because of the weakness of your fleshOften Paul uses the word "flesh" as the opposite of "spirit." Alternate Translation: "because you do not fully understand spiritual things"
Rom 7:18my fleshHere "flesh" is a metonym for the sinful nature. Alternate Translation: "my sinful nature"
Rom 8:27He who searches the heartsHere "He" refers to God. Here "hearts" is a metonym for a person's thoughts and emotions. The phrase "searches the hearts" is a metaphor for examining thoughts and emotions. Alternate Translation: "God, who knows all our thoughts and feelings"
Rom 9:8the children of the flesh are notHere "children of the flesh" is a metonym that refers to the physical descendants of Abraham. Alternate Translation: "not all of Abraham's descendants"
Rom 9:17my nameThis metonym refers either 1) to God in all of his being. Alternate Translation: "who I am" or 2) To his reputation. Alternate Translation: "how great I am"
Rom 9:33in ZionHere Zion is a metonym that represents Israel. Alternate Translation: "in Israel"
Rom 10:1my heart's desireHere "heart" is a metonym for a person's emotions or inner being. Alternate Translation: "my greatest desire"
Rom 10:8The word is ... in your mouthThe word "mouth" is a metonym that refers to what a person says. Alternate Translation: "You know how to speak ... God's message"
Rom 10:8The word is ... in your heartThe phrase "in your heart" is metonym that refers to what a person thinks and believes. Alternate Translation: "You know what ... God's message means"
Rom 10:9believe in your heartHere "heart" is a metonym for a person's mind or inner person. Alternate Translation: "believe in your mind" or "truly believe"
Rom 10:10For with the heart man believes for righteousness, and with the mouth he acknowledges for salvationHere "heart" is a metonym that represents the mind or will. Alternate Translation: "For it is with the mind that a person trusts and is right before God, and it is with the mouth that a person confesses and God saves him"
Rom 10:13For everyone who calls on the name of the Lord will be savedHere the word "name" is a metonym for Jesus. You can translate this in an active form. Alternate Translation: "The Lord will save everyone who trusts in him"
Rom 10:15How beautiful are the feet of those who proclaim glad tidings of good thingsPaul uses "feet" to represent those who travel and bring the message to those who have not heard it. Alternate Translation: "It is wonderful when messengers come and tell us the good news"
Rom 11:9Let their table become a net and a trapTable here is a metonym that represents feasting, and "net" and "trap" are metaphors that represent punishment. You can translate this in an active form. Alternate Translation: "Please, God, make their feasts like a trap that catches them"
Rom 11:10bend their backs continuallyHere "bend their back" is a metonym for forcing slaves to carry heavy loads on their backs. This is a metaphor for making them suffer. Alternate Translation: "make them suffer like people carrying heavy loads"
Rom 11:15the worldHere "the world" is a metonym for the people who live in the world. Alternate Translation: "the people in the world"
Rom 11:26Out of ZionHere "Zion" is used as a metonym for the place where God dwells. Alternate Translation: "From where God is among the Jews"
Rom 11:26from JacobHere "Jacob" is used as a metonym for Israel. Alternate Translation: "from the Israelite people"
Rom 11:34the mind of the LordHere "mind" is a metonym for knowing things or thinking about things. Alternate Translation: "all that the Lord knows" or "what the Lord thinks about"
Rom 12:2this worldThis refers to unbelievers who live in the world.
Rom 12:19give way to the wrath of GodHere "wrath" is a metonym for God's punishment. Alternate Translation: "allow God to punish them"
Rom 13:4carry the swordRoman governors carried a short sword as a symbol of their authority.
Rom 13:4an avenger for wrathHere "wrath" represents the punishment people receive when they do evil deeds. Alternate Translation: "a person who punishes people as an expression of the government's anger against evil"
Rom 13:14make no provision for the fleshHere the "flesh" refers to the self-directed nature of people who oppose God. This is the sinful nature of human beings. Alternate Translation: "do not allow your old evil heart any opportunity at all for doing wicked things"
Rom 14:10For we will all stand before the judgment seat of GodThe "judgment seat" refers to God's authority to judge. Alternate Translation: "For God will judge us all"
Rom 15:5to be of the same mind with each otherHere to be of the "same mind" is a metonym that means to be in agreement with each other. Alternate Translation: "to be in agreement with each other" or "to be united"
Rom 15:6praise with one mouthThis means to be united in praising God. Alternate Translation: "praise God together in unity as if only one mouth were speaking"
Rom 15:8Christ has been made a servant of the circumcisionHere "the circumcision" is a metonym that refers to the Jews. You can translate this in an active form. Alternate Translation: "Jesus Christ has become a servant of the Jews"
Rom 15:9sing praise to your nameHere "your name" is a metonym that refers to God. Alternate Translation: "sing praise to you"
Rom 15:12root of JesseJesse was the physical father of King David. Alternate Translation: "descendant of Jesse"
Rom 16:18but their own stomachHere "stomach" is a metonym that refers to physical desires. Serving there stomach represents satisfying their desires. Alternate Translation: "but they only want to satisfy their own selfish desires"
Rom 16:18they deceive the hearts of the innocentHere "hearts" is a metonym for a person's mind or inner being. Alternate Translation: "they deceive the innocent believers"
1Co 1:2who call on the name of our Lord Jesus ChristName here is a metonym for person of Jesus Christ. Alternate Translation: "who call on the Lord Jesus Christ"
1Co 1:10through the name of our Lord Jesus ChristName here is a metonym for the person of Jesus Christ. Alternate Translation: "by means of our Lord Jesus Christ"
1Co 1:13in the name of PaulIn the name of here is a metonym for "by the authority of." Alternate Translation: "by Paul's authority"
1Co 1:15This was so that no one would say that you were baptized into my nameHere "name" represents "authority." This means Paul did not baptize others because they may claim that they became Paul's disciples. This can be stated in active form. Alternate Translation: "For some of you might have claimed that I baptized you to make you my disciples"
1Co 1:30Christ Jesus, who became for us wisdom from GodPossible meanings are 1) "Christ Jesus, who has made clear to us how wise God is" or 2) "Christ Jesus, who has given us God's wisdom."
1Co 2:9Things that no eye has seen, no ear has heard, no mind has imaginedThis is a triplet referring to all parts of a person to emphasize that no man has ever been aware of the things that God has prepared.
1Co 5:4in the name of our Lord JesusPossible meanings are 1) the name of the Lord Jesus is a metonym that represents his authority. Alternate Translation: "with the authority of our Lord Jesus" or 2) being assembled in the Lord's name implies meeting together to worship him. Alternate Translation: "to worship our Lord Jesus"
1Co 6:11in the name of the Lord Jesus ChristName here is a metonym for the power and authority of Jesus Christ. Alternate Translation: "by the power and authority of our Lord Jesus Christ"
1Co 8:13if food causesFood here is a metonym for the person eating the food. Alternate Translation: "if I cause by eating" or "if I, because of what I eat, cause"
1Co 9:2you are the proof of my apostleship in the LordProof here is a metonym for the evidence needed to prove something. Alternate Translation: "you are evidence I can use to prove that the Lord has chosen me to be an apostle"
1Co 9:14get their living from the gospelThe words "the gospel" here are a metonym for 1) the people to whom they tell the gospel, "receive their food and other things they need from those to whom they teach the good news," or 2) the result of working to tell the gospel, "receive their food and other things they need because they work to tell the good news."
1Co 10:4that rock was ChristThe "rock" was a literal, physical rock, so it would be best to translate this literally. If your language cannot say that a rock "was" a person's name, treat the word "rock" as a metonym for the power of Christ that worked through the rock. Alternate Translation: "it was Christ who worked through that rock"
1Co 10:21You cannot drink the cup of the Lord and the cup of demonsPaul speaks of a person drinking from the same cup as the demon as evidence that that person is a friend of the demon. Alternate Translation: "It is impossible for you to be true friends with both the Lord and demons"
1Co 11:34it will not be for judgmentit will not be an occasion for God to discipline you
1Co 12:10various kinds of tonguesHere "tongues" represents languages. Alternate Translation: "the ability to speak different languages"
1Co 12:13whether bound or freeBound here is a metonym for "slaves." Alternate Translation: "whether slave-people or free-people"
1Co 14:25The secrets of his heart would be revealedHere "heart" is a metonym for a person's thoughts. This can be stated in active form. Alternate Translation: "God would reveal to him the secrets of his heart" or "He would recognize his own private inner thoughts"
1Co 14:36the word of GodWord of God here is a metonym for the message from God. Alternate Translation: "God's message"
2Co 1:12not relying on fleshly wisdom but on the grace of God.Here "fleshly" represents human. Alternate Translation: "We have not relied on human wisdom but on the grace of God"
2Co 1:22gave us the Spirit in our heartsHere the word "hearts" refers to the innermost part of a person. Alternate Translation: "gave us the Spirit to live within each of us"
2Co 2:4with anguish of heartHere the word "heart" refers to the location of the emotions. Alternate Translation: "with extreme sorrow"
2Co 2:17who sell the word of GodWord here is a metonym for "message." Alternate Translation: "who sell God's message"
2Co 3:2written on our heartsHere the word "hearts" refers to their thoughts and emotions. Possible meanings are 1) Paul and his coworkers are sure about the Corinthians being their letter of recommendation or 2) Paul and his coworkers care very deeply for the Corinthians.
2Co 3:15whenever Moses is readHere the word "Moses" refers to the Old Testament law. This can be stated in active form. Alternate Translation: "whenever someone reads the Mosaic law"
2Co 3:15a veil covers their heartsHere the word "hearts" represents what people think, and the people being unable to understand the old covenant is spoken of as if they have a veil that covers their hearts the way a physical veil would cover their eyes. Alternate Translation: "they are unable to understand what they are hearing"
2Co 4:6in our heartsHere the word "hearts" refers to the mind and thoughts. Alternate Translation: "in our minds"
2Co 5:12those who boast about appearances but not about what is in the heartHere the word "appearances" refers to outward expressions of things like ability and status. The word "heart" refers to the inward character of a person. Alternate Translation: "those who praise their own actions, but do not care about what they really are in their inner being"
2Co 5:19in Christ God is reconciling the world to himselfHere the word "world" refers to people in the world. Alternate Translation: "in Christ, God is reconciling mankind to himself"
2Co 9:2Achaia has been getting readyHere the word "Achaia" refers to the people who live in this province, and specifically to the people of the church in Corinth. Alternate Translation: "the people of Achaia have been preparing"
2Co 9:7give as he has planned in his heartHere the word "heart" refers to the thoughts and emotions. Alternate Translation: "give as he has determined"
2Co 9:10bread for foodHere the word "bread" refers to food in general. Alternate Translation: "food to eat"
2Co 10:2we are living according to the fleshThe word "flesh" is a metonym for sinful human nature. "we are acting from human motives"
2Co 10:3we walk in the fleshHere "walk" is an metaphor for "live" and "flesh" is a metonym for physical life. Alternate Translation: "we live our lives in physical bodies"
2Co 10:3wage war according to the fleshPossible meanings are 1) the word "flesh" is a metonym for physical life. Alternate Translation: "fight against our enemies using physical weapons" or 2) the word "flesh" is a metonym for sinful human nature. Alternate Translation: "wage war in sinful ways"
2Co 10:4are not fleshlyPossible meanings are 1) the word "fleshly" is a metonym for merely physical. Alternate Translation: "are not physical" or 2) the word "fleshly" is a metonym for sinful human nature. Alternate Translation: "are not sinful" or "do not enable us to do wrong"
2Co 10:6punish every act of disobedienceThe words "act of disobedience" are a metonym for the people who commit those acts. Alternate Translation: "punish every one of you who disobey us"
2Co 11:18according to the fleshHere the metonym "flesh" refers to man in his sinful nature and his achievements. Alternate Translation: "about their own human achievements"
2Co 11:33from his handsPaul uses the governor's hands as metonymy for the governor. Alternate Translation: "from the governor"
2Co 12:15for your soulsThe word "souls" is a metonym for the people themselves. Alternate Translation: "for you" or "so you will live well"
Gal 1:4for our sinsSins is a metonym the punishment for sin. Alternate Translation: "to take the punishment we deserved because of our sins"
Gal 1:4that he might deliver us from this present evil ageHere "this ... age" represents the powers at work in the age. Alternate Translation: "that he might bring us to a place of safety from the evil powers at work in the world today"
Gal 2:6added nothing to meThe word "me" here represents what Paul was teaching. Alternate Translation: "added nothing to what I teach" or "did not tell me to add anything to what I teach"
Gal 2:11I opposed him to his faceThe words "to his face" are a metonym for "where he could see and hear me." Alternate Translation: "I confronted him in person" or "I challenged his actions in person"
Gal 3:3by the fleshThe word "flesh" is a metonym for effort. Alternate Translation: "by your own effort" or "by your own work"
Gal 3:13from the curse of the law ... becoming a curse for us ... Cursed is everyoneThe word "curse" here is a metonym for God condemning the person whom he has cursed. Alternate Translation: "from us having God condemn us because we broke the law ... having God condemn him instead of us ... God condemns everyone"
Gal 4:6sent the Spirit of his Son into our heartsThe heart is metonym for the part of a person that thinks and feels. Alternate Translation: "sent his Son's Spirit to show us how to think and act"
Gal 5:2if you let yourselves be circumcisedPaul is using circumcision as a metonym for Judaism. Alternate Translation: "if you turn to the Jewish religion"
Gal 5:3to every man who lets himself be circumcisedPaul is using circumcision as a metonym for being Jewish. Alternate Translation: "to every person who has become a Jew"
Gal 5:6neither circumcision nor uncircumcisionThese are metonymy for being a Jew or a non-Jew. Alternate Translation: "neither being a Jew nor not being a Jew"
Gal 6:12the crossThe cross here represents what Christ did for us when he died on the cross. Alternate Translation: "the work Jesus did on the cross" or "the death and resurrection of Jesus"
Eph 1:18that the eyes of your heart may be enlightenedHere "heart" is a metonym for a person's mind. The phrase "eyes of your heart" is a metaphor for one's ability to gain understanding. Alternate Translation: "that you may gain understanding and be enlightened"
Eph 1:21namePossible meanings are 1) title or 2) position of authority.
Eph 1:22all things under Christ's feetHere "feet" represents Christ's lordship, authority, and power. Alternate Translation: "all things under Christ's power"
Eph 2:2according to the ways of this worldThe apostles also used "world" to refer to the selfish behaviors and corrupt values of the people living in this world. Alternate Translation: "according to the values of people living in the world" or "following the principles of this present world"
Eph 2:3the desires of the body and of the mindThe words "body" and "mind" represent the entire person.
Eph 2:11uncircumcisionNon-Jewish people were not circumcised as babies and thus the Jews considered them people who do not follow any of God's laws. Alternate Translation: "uncircumcised pagans"
Eph 2:11circumcisionThis was another term for Jewish people because all male infants were circumcised. Alternate Translation: "circumcised people"
Eph 2:13by the blood of ChristThe blood of Christ is a metonym for his death. Alternate Translation: "by Christ's death" or "when Christ died for us"
Eph 2:14By his fleshThe words "his flesh," his physical body, are a metonym for his body dying. Alternate Translation: "By the death of his body on the cross"
Eph 2:16through the crossThe cross here represents Christ's death on the cross. Alternate Translation: "by means of Christ's death on the cross"
Eph 3:13for you, which is your gloryHere "your glory" is a metonym for the pride they should feel or will feel in the future kingdom. The Christians in Ephesus should be proud of what Paul is suffering in prison. This can be stated as a new sentence. Alternate Translation: "for you. This is for your benefit" or "for you. You should be proud of this"
Eph 3:17that Christ may live in your hearts through faithHere "heart" represents a person's inner being, and "through" expresses the means by which Christ lives within the believer. Christ lives in the hearts of believers because God graciously allows them to have faith. Alternate Translation: "that Christ may live within you because you trust in him"
Eph 4:18because of the hardness of their heartsHere "hearts" is a metaphor for people's minds. The phrase "hardness of their hearts" is a metaphor that means "stubbornness." Alternate Translation: "because they are stubborn" or "because they refuse to listen to God"
Eph 4:26Do not let the sun go down on your angerThe sun going down represents nightfall, or the end of the day. Alternate Translation: "You must stop being angry before night comes" or "Let go of your anger before the day ends"
Eph 5:16because the days are evilThe word "days" is a metonym for what people do during those days. Alternate Translation: "because the people around you are doing all kinds of evil things"
Eph 5:19with all your heartHere "heart" is a metonym for a person's thoughts or inner being. The phrase "with all your heart" means to do something with enthusiasm. Alternate Translation: "with all of your being" or "enthusiastically"
Eph 6:5in the honesty of your heartHere "heart" is a metonym for a person's mind or intentions. Alternate Translation: "with honesty" or "with sincerity"
Eph 6:6from your heartHere "heart" is a metonym for "thoughts" or "intentions." Alternate Translation: "with sincerity" or "enthusiastically"
Eph 6:7Serve with all your heartHere "heart" is a metonym for "thoughts" or "inner being." Alternate Translation: "Serve with all of your being" or "Be completely dedicated when you serve"
Eph 6:20It is for the gospel that I am an ambassador who is kept in chainsThe words "in chains" are a metonym for being in prison. Alternate Translation: "I am now in prison because I am a representative of the gospel"
Eph 6:22so that he may encourage your heartsHere "hearts" is a metonym for people's inner beings. Alternate Translation: "so that he may encourage you"
Php 1:5I give thanks for your fellowship in the gospelPaul is expressing thanks to God that the Philippians have joined him in teaching people the gospel. He may have been referring to them praying for him and sending money so that he could travel and tell others. Alternate Translation: "I give thanks to God that you are helping me proclaim the gospel"
Php 1:7I have you in my heartHere "heart" is a metonym for a person's emotions. This idiom expresses strong affection. Alternate Translation: "I love you very much"
Php 1:13my chainsHere the word "chains" is a metonym for imprisonment. Alternate Translation: "my imprisonment"
Php 1:17while I am in chainsHere the phrase "in chains" is a metonym for imprisonment. Alternate Translation: "while I am imprisoned" or "while I am in prison"
Php 1:20Christ will be exalted in my bodyThe phrase "my body" is a metonym for what Paul does with his body. This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are 1) "I will honor Christ by what I do" or 2) "people will praise Christ because of what I do"
Php 1:22But if I am to live in the fleshThe word "flesh" here is a metonym for the body, and "living in the flesh" is a metonym for being alive. Alternate Translation: "But if I am to remain alive in my body" or "But if I continue to live"
Php 2:9the name that is above every nameHere "name" is a metonym that refers to rank or honor. Alternate Translation: "the rank that is above any other rank" or "the honor that is above any other honor"
Php 2:22in the gospelHere "the gospel" stands for the activity of telling people about Jesus. Alternate Translation: "in telling people about the gospel"
Php 3:18as enemies of the cross of ChristHere "the cross of Christ" refers to Christ's suffering and death. The enemies are those who say they believe in Jesus but are not willing to suffer or die like Jesus did. Alternate Translation: "in a way that shows they are actually against Jesus, who was willing to suffer and die on a cross"
Php 3:19their pride is in their shameHere "shame" stands for the actions that the people should be ashamed about but are not. Alternate Translation: "they are proud of the things that should cause them shame"
Php 3:19They think about earthly thingsHere "earthly" refers to everything that gives physical pleasure and does not honor God. Alternate Translation: "All they think about is what will please themselves rather than what will please God"
Php 4:1my joy and crownPaul uses the word "joy" to mean that the Philippian church is the cause of his happiness. A "crown" was made of leaves, and a man wore it on his head as a sign of honor after he won an important game. Here the word "crown" means the Philippian church brought honor to Paul before God. Alternate Translation: "You give me joy because you have believed in Jesus, and you are my reward and honor for my work"
Php 4:2be of the same mind in the LordThe phrase "be of the same mind" means to have the same attitude or opinion. Alternate Translation: "agree with each other because you both believe in the same Lord"
Php 4:15the beginning of the gospelPaul refers to the gospel here as meaning his preaching of the gospel.
Col 1:5because of the certain hope reserved for you in heavenHere "certain hope" stands for what the believer can confidently expect, that is, the things that God has promised to do for all believers. These things are spoken of as if they were physical objects that God was keeping in heaven for the believers to possess later. Alternate Translation: "because you are certain that God, who is in heaven, will do the many good things that he has promised you"
Col 1:20the blood of his crossHere "blood" stands for the death of Christ on the cross.
Col 1:23the gospel of which I, Paul, became a servantPaul was actually a servant of God. Alternate Translation: "the gospel that I, Paul, serve God by proclaiming"
Col 2:5not with you in the fleshThe person's flesh, or physical body, is a metonym for the person. Alternate Translation: "not physically present with you"
Col 2:15by the crossHere "the cross" stands for Christ's death on the cross.
Col 2:18who wants humilityThe word "humility" is a metonym for actions one does to make others think that one is humble. Alternate Translation: "who wants you to do things to show that you are humble"
Col 2:20the worldthe thoughts, desires, and assumptions of the sinful majority of the world's people
Col 3:4who is your lifeChrist is the one who gives spiritual life to the believer.
Col 3:8from your mouthHere "mouth" is a metonym for talk. "in your talk"
Col 3:10the imageThis refers to Jesus Christ.
Col 3:11there is no Greek and Jew, circumcision and uncircumcision, barbarian, Scythian, slave, freemanThese terms are examples of the categories of people that Paul says do not matter for God. God sees every person alike, not by race, religion, nationality, or social status. Alternate Translation: "race, religion, culture, and social status do not matter"
Col 3:15Let the peace of Christ rule in your heartsPaul speaks of the peace that Christ gives as if it were a ruler. Possible meanings are 1) "Do everything so that you can have peaceful relationships with each other" or 2) "Allow God to give you peace in your heart"
Col 3:15in your heartsHere "hearts" is a metonym for a people's minds or inner being. Alternate Translation: "in your minds" or "inside of you"
Col 3:16Sing with thankfulness in your heartsHere "hearts" is a metonym for people's minds or inner being. Alternate Translation: "Sing with thankfulness in your minds" or "Sing and be thankful"
Col 3:17in the name of the Lord JesusActing in the name of a person here is a metonym for acting to help other people think well of that person. Alternate Translation: "to honor the Lord Jesus" or "so that others will know you belong to the Lord Jesus and think well of him" or "as if the Lord Jesus himself were doing it"
Col 3:22with a sincere heartHeart here is a metonym for a person's thoughts or intentions. Alternate Translation: "with all honest intentions" or "with sincerity"
Col 4:3Because of this, I am chained upHere "chained" is a metonym for being in prison. Alternate Translation: "It is for proclaiming the message of Jesus Christ that I am now in prison"
Col 4:11These alone of the circumcision are my fellow workers for the kingdom of GodPaul uses "circumcision" here to refer to Jews because, under the Old Testament law, all male Jews had to be circumcised. Alternate Translation: "These three men are the only Jewish believers working with me to proclaim God as king through Christ Jesus"
Col 4:18Remember my chainsPaul speaks of chains when he means his imprisonment. Alternate Translation: "Remember me and pray for me while I am in prison"
Col 4:18May grace be with youHere "grace" stands for God, who shows grace or acts kindly to believers. Alternate Translation: "I pray that our Lord Jesus Christ would continue to act graciously toward you all"
1Th 1:1May grace and peace be to youThe terms "grace" and "peace" are metonyms for the person who acts toward people in a kindly and peaceful manner. Alternate Translation: "May God be kind to you and give you peace"
1Th 1:8the word of the LordWord here is a metonym for "message." Alternate Translation: "the Lord's teachings"
1Th 1:9what kind of coming we had among youHere "coming" stands for the enthusiastic welcome experienced by Paul and his companions. Alternate Translation: "how warmly you welcomed us"
1Th 2:4who examines our heartsThe word "hearts" is a metonym for a person's desires and thoughts. Alternate Translation: "who knows our desires and thoughts"
1Th 2:13you received it as it truly is, the word of GodWord here is a metonym for "message." Alternate Translation: "you received it as it truth is, the message that comes from God"
1Th 2:17in person not in heartHere "heart" represents thoughts and emotions. Though Paul and those traveling with him were not present physically in Thessalonica, they continued to care and think about the believers there. Alternate Translation: "in person, but we continued to think about you"
1Th 2:19our hope ... Is it not youBy "hope" Paul means the assurance he has that God will reward him for his work. The Thessalonian Christians are the reason for his hope.
1Th 2:19or joyThe Thessalonians are the reason for his joy.
1Th 2:19crown of prideHere "crown" refers to a laurel wreath awarded to victorious athletes. The expression "crown of pride" means a reward for victory, or having done well.
1Th 3:13strengthen your hearts, so that they will beHere "heart" is a metonym for one's beliefs and convictions. Alternate Translation: "strenghten you, so that you will be"
1Th 4:15by the word of the LordWord here is a metonym for "message." Alternate Translation: "by means of understanding the teachings of the Lord"
2Th 2:8with the breath of his mouthHere "breath" represents the power of God. Alternate Translation: "by the power of his spoken word"
2Th 2:17comfort and establish your hearts inHere "hearts" represents the seat of emotions. Alternate Translation: "comfort you and strengthen you for"
2Th 3:5direct your heartsHere "heart" is a metonym for a person's thoughts or mind. Alternate Translation: "cause you to understand"
2Th 3:6in the name of our Lord Jesus ChristName here is a metonym for the person of Jesus Christ. Alternate Translation: "as if our Lord Jesus Christ himself were speaking"
1Ti 1:1Christ Jesus our hopeHere "our confidence" refers to the person in whom we have confidence. Alternate Translation: "Christ Jesus, who is the one in whom we have confidence" or "Christ Jesus, whom we trust"
1Ti 1:5from a pure heartHere "pure" means the person does not have hidden motives to do wrong. Here "heart" refers to a person's mind and thoughts. Alternate Translation: "from a mind that is honest"
1Ti 2:8I want men in every place to pray and to lift up holy handsHere "holy hands" means the entire person is holy. Alternate Translation: "I want men in every place who are holy to lift up their hands and pray"
1Ti 2:9They should not have braided hairDuring Paul's time, many Roman women braided their hair to make themselves attractive. Braiding is only one way a woman can give undue attention to her hair. If braided hair is unknown, it can be stated in a more general way. Alternate Translation: "They should not have fancy hairstyles" or "They should not have elaborate hairstyle that attract attention"
1Ti 3:5a church of GodHere "church" refers to a local group of God's people. Alternate Translation: "a group of God's people" or "the believers over whom he is in charge"
1Ti 3:16in the fleshPaul uses "flesh" here to mean a human being. Alternate Translation: "as a true human being"
1Ti 4:5word of GodHere "word" refers to God's message or what he has revealed.
1Ti 5:10has washed the feet of the saintsWashing the dirty feet of people who have been walking in the dirt and mud is one way of meeting other people's needs and making life more enjoyable for them. This probably means she did humble work in general. Alternate Translation: "has done common work to help other believers"
1Ti 6:1the name of GodHere "name" refers to God's nature or character. Alternate Translation: "the character of God" or "God"
1Ti 6:12before many witnessesPaul expresses the idea of location in order to signal the idea of the people to whom Timothy was speaking. Alternate Translation: "to many witnesses"
2Ti 1:4I remember your tearsHere "tears" represents crying. Alternate Translation: "I remember how you cried for me"
2Ti 1:12that dayThis refers to the day when God judges all people.
2Ti 1:16was not ashamed of my chainHere "chain" is a metonym for being in prison. Onesiphorus was not ashamed that Paul was in prison but came to visit him frequently. Alternate Translation: "was not ashamed that I was in prison"
2Ti 1:18on that dayThis refers to the day when God will judge all people.
2Ti 2:8according to my gospel messagePaul speaks of the gospel message as if it were especially his. He means that this is the gospel message that he proclaims. Alternate Translation: "according to the gospel message that I preach"
2Ti 2:9to the point of being bound with chains as a criminalHere "being chained" represents being a prisoner. This can be stated in active form. Alternate Translation: "to the point of wearing chains as a criminal in prison"
2Ti 2:19who names the name of the Lordwho calls on the name of the Lord. Here "name of the Lord" refers to the Lord himself. Alternate Translation: "who calls on the Lord" or "who says he is a believer in Christ"
2Ti 2:23refuse foolish and ignorant questionsrefuse to answer foolish and ignorant questions. Paul means that the people who ask such questions are foolish and ignorant. Alternate Translation: "refuse to answer the questions that foolish people who do not want to know the truth ask"
2Ti 4:1the dead, and because of his appearing and his kingdomHere "kingdom" stands for Christ's rule as king. Alternate Translation: "the dead when he returns to rule as king"
2Ti 4:2the wordWord here is a metonym for "message." Alternate Translation: "the message about Christ"
2Ti 4:10this present worldHere "world" refers to worldly things as opposed to the things of God. Possible meanings are 1) he loves the temporary comforts of this world or 2) he is afraid he will die if he remains with Paul.
2Ti 4:15opposed our wordsHere "words" refers to a message or teaching. Alternate Translation: "opposed the message that we teach"
2Ti 4:19house of OnesiphorusHere "house" stands for the people who live there. Alternate Translation: "family of Onesiphorus"
Tit 1:10those of the circumcisionThis refers to the Christian Jews who taught that men must be circumcised in order to follow Christ.
Tit 2:13our blessed hope, the appearance of the glory of our great God and Savior Jesus ChristHere "glory" represents Jesus himself who will appear gloriously. Alternate Translation: "the good thing for which we hope, that is, the glorious appearance of our great God and Savior Jesus Christ"
Phm 1:7the hearts of the saints have been refreshed by youHere "hearts" is a metonym for a person's emotions or inner being. This can be stated in active form. Alternate Translation: "you have encouraged believers" or "you have helped the believers"
Phm 1:10in my chains ... while I am in chainsPrisoners were often bound in chains. Paul was in prison when he taught Onesimus and was still in prison when he wrote this letter. Alternate Translation: "while I was in prison ... while I am in prison"
Phm 1:12who is my very heartHere "heart" is a metonym for a person's emotions. The phrase "who is my very heart" is a metaphor for loving someone. Paul was saying this about Onesimus. Alternate Translation: "whom I love dearly"
Phm 1:13in my chains ... while I am in chainsPrisoners were often bound in chains. Paul was in prison when he taught Onesimus and was still in prison when he wrote this letter. Alternate Translation: "while I was in prison ... while I am in prison"
Heb 1:3the word of his powerhis powerful word. Here "word" refers to a message or command. Alternate Translation: "his powerful command"
Heb 1:3the Majesty on highHere "Majesty" refers to God. Alternate Translation: "God Most High"
Heb 1:4as the name he has inherited is more excellent than their nameHere "name" refers to honor and authority. Alternate Translation: "as the honor and authority he has inherited is superior to their honor and authority"
Heb 1:8Your throne, God, is forever and everThe Son's throne represents his rule. Alternate Translation: "You are God, and your reign will last forever and ever"
Heb 1:8The scepter of your kingdom is the scepter of justiceHere "scepter" refers to the Son's rule. Alternate Translation: "And you will rule over the people of your kingdom with justice"
Heb 1:10The heavens are the work of your handsHere "hands" refer to God's power and action. Alternate Translation: "You made the heavens"
Heb 2:2every trespass and disobedience receives just punishmentHere "trespass" and "disobedience" stand for the people who are guilty of these sins. Alternate Translation: "every person who sins and disobeys will receive just punishment"
Heb 2:5the world to comeHere "world" refers to the people who live there. And "to come" means that this is the world in the next age after Christ returns. Alternate Translation: "the people who will live in the new world"
Heb 2:12I will proclaim your name to my brothersHere "name" refers to the person's reputation and what they have done. Alternate Translation: "I will proclaim to my brothers the great things you have done"
Heb 3:1you share in a heavenly callingHere "heavenly" represents God. Alternate Translation: "God has called us together"
Heb 3:5bearing witness about the thingsThis phrase probably refers to all of Moses' work. Alternate Translation: "Moses' life and work pointed to the things"
Heb 3:7if you hear his voiceGod's "voice" represents him speaking. Alternate Translation: "when you hear God speak"
Heb 3:8do not harden your heartsHere "hearts" is a metonym for a person's mind. The phrase "harden your hearts" is a metaphor for being stubborn. Alternate Translation: "do not be stubborn" or "do not refuse to listen"
Heb 3:12there will not be anyone with an evil heart of unbelief, a heart that turns away from the living GodHere "heart" is a metonym that represents a person's mind or will. Refusing to believe and obey God is spoken of as if the heart did not believe and it physically turned away from God. Alternate Translation: "there will not be any of you who refuse to believe the truth and who stop obeying the living God"
Heb 3:15if you hear his voiceGod's "voice" represents him speaking. See how you translated this in [Hebrews 3:7](./07.md). Alternate Translation: "when you hear God speak"
Heb 4:7do not harden your heartsHere "hearts" is a metonym for a person's mind. The phrase "harden your hearts" is a metaphor for being stubborn. See how you translated this in [Hebrews 3:7-8](../03/07.md). Alternate Translation: "do not be stubborn" or "do not refuse to listen"
Heb 4:12the heart's thoughts and intentionsHeart here is a metonym for "inner self." Alternate Translation: "what a person is thinking and intends to do"
Heb 4:16to the throne of graceto God's throne, where there is grace. Here "throne" refers to God ruling as king. Alternate Translation: "to where our gracious God is sitting on his throne"
Heb 5:4takes this honorThe "honor" or praise and respect that people gave to the high priest stand for his task.
Heb 5:7During the days of his fleshHere "the days" stands for a period of time. And, "flesh" stand for Jesus's earthly life. Alternate Translation: "While he lived on earth"
Heb 5:13takes milkHere "takes" stands for "drinks." Alternate Translation: "drinks milk"
Heb 5:14who because of their maturity have their understanding trained for distinguishing good from evilPeople trained to understand something are spoken of as if their ability to understand had been trained. Alternate Translation: "who are mature and can distinguish between good and evil"
Heb 6:5the powers of the age to comeThis means the power of God when his kingdom is fully present in all the world. In this sense, "the powers" refer to God himself, who holds all power. Alternate Translation: "learned how God will work powerfully in the future"
Heb 6:10for his nameGod's "name" is a metonym that stands for God himself. Alternate Translation: "for him"
Heb 6:14I will greatly increase youHere "increase" stands for give descendants. Alternate Translation: "I will give you many descendants"
Heb 7:16the law of fleshly descentThe idea of human descent is spoken of as if it had only to do with the flesh of one's body. Alternate Translation: "the law of human descent" or "the law about priests' descendants becoming priests"
Heb 7:28the law appoints as high priests men who have weaknessesHere "the law" is a metonym for the men who appointed the high priests according to the law of Moses. The focus is not on the men who did this, but on the fact that they did this according to the law. Alternate Translation: "according to the law, men appoint as high priests men who have weaknesses" or "for according to the law, men who have weaknesses are appointed as high priests"
Heb 7:28the word of the oath, which came after the law, appointed a SonThe "word of the oath" represents God who made the oath. Alternate Translation: "God appointed a Son by his oath, which he made after he gave the law" or "after he had given the law, God swore an oath and appointed his Son"
Heb 8:10I will also write them on their heartsHere "hearts" is a metonym for a person's inner being. The phrase "write them on their hearts" is a metaphor for enabling people to obey the law. Alternate Translation: "I will also put them in their hearts" or "I will enable them to obey my law"
Heb 8:11Know the Lord ... will all know meKnow here stands for acknowledge.
Heb 8:12toward their evil deedsThis stands for the people who committed these evil deeds. Alternate Translation: "to those who did evil deeds"
Heb 8:12their sins I will not remember any longerHere "remember" stands for "think about."
Heb 9:5cherubimHere "cherubim" means figures of two cherubim.
Heb 9:8the first tabernacle was still standingPossible meanings are 1) "the outer room of the tabernacle was still standing" or 2) "the earthly tabernacle and the sacrificial system still existed."
Heb 9:13for the cleansing of their fleshHere "flesh" refers to the entire body. Alternate Translation: "for the cleansing of their bodies"
Heb 9:14the blood of ChristThe "blood" of Christ stands for his death.
Heb 9:14cleanse our conscienceHere "conscience" refers to a person's feeling of guilt. Believers no longer have to feel guilty for the sins they have committed because Jesus sacrificed himself and has forgiven them.
Heb 9:15to free those under the first covenant from their sinsto take away the sins of those who were under the first covenant. Possible meanings are 1) here "their sins" is a metonym for the guilt of their sins. Alternate Translation: "to take away the guilt of those who were under the first covenant" or 2) here "their sins" is a metonym for the punishment for their sins. Alternate Translation: "to take away the punisment for sins of those who were under the first covenant"
Heb 9:18bloodThe death of animals sacrificed to God is spoken of as if it were nothing but blood. Alternate Translation: "the death of animals sacrificed to God"
Heb 9:20the blood of the covenantHere "blood" refers to the death of the animals sacrificed to carry out the covenant's requirements. Alternate Translation: "the blood that brings into effect the covenant"
Heb 9:21bloodHere the animal "blood" is talking about the animal's death.
Heb 9:22Without the shedding of blood there is no forgivenessHere "shedding of blood" refers to something dying as a sacrifice to God. This double negative can mean that all forgiveness comes through the shedding of blood. Alternate Translation: "Forgiveness only comes when something dies as a sacrifice" or "God only forgives when something dies as a sacrifice"
Heb 9:28the sinsHere "sins" mean the guilt that people have before God because of the sins they committed.
Heb 10:4the blood of bulls and goatsHere "blood" refers to these animals dying as sacrifices to God.
Heb 10:16I will put my laws in their heartsHere "hearts" is a metonym for a person's inner being. The phrase "put them in their hearts" is a metaphor for enabling people to obey the law. Alternate Translation: "I will enable them to obey my laws"
Heb 10:19by the blood of JesusHere "blood of Jesus" refers to the death of Jesus.
Heb 10:20by means of his fleshHere "flesh" stands for the body of Jesus, and his body stands for his sacrificial death. Alternate Translation: "by means of his death"
Heb 10:22let us approachHere "approach" stands for worshiping God, as a priest would go up to God's altar to sacrifice animals to him.
Heb 10:22with true heartswith faithful hearts or "with honest hearts." Here "hearts" stands for the genuine will and motivation of the believers. Alternate Translation: "with sincerity" or "sincerely"
Heb 10:22hearts sprinkled cleanHere "hearts" is a metonym for the conscience, the awareness of right and wrong. Being made clean is a metaphor for being forgiven and being given the status of righteousness.
Heb 10:22our bodies washed with pure waterIf the translator understands this phrase as referring to Christian baptism, then "water" is literal, not figurative. But if water is taken as literal, then "pure" is figurative, standing for the spiritual purity that baptism is said here to accomplish. The "washing" stands for the believer being made acceptable to God.
Heb 10:29the blood of the covenantHere "blood" stands for Christ's death, by which God established the new covenant.
Heb 11:7the worldHere "world" refers to the world's human population. Alternate Translation: "the people living in the world at that time"
Heb 11:10the city with foundationsthe city that has foundations. Having foundations indicates that the city is permanent. Alternate Translation: "the eternal city"
Heb 11:28should not touchHere "touch" refers to harming or to killing someone. Alternate Translation: "would not harm" or "would not kill"
Heb 11:38The world was not worthyHere "world" refers to the people. Alternate Translation: "The people of this world were not worthy"
Heb 11:39the promiseThis expression stands for "what God had promised them."
Heb 12:3weary in your heartsHere "hearts" represents a person's thoughts and emotions. Alternate Translation: "discouraged"
Heb 12:4of bloodHere "blood" refers to death. Alternate Translation: "of death"
Heb 12:19nor to a voice that speaks words whose hearers begged that not another word be spoken to themHere "voice" refers to someone speaking. The phrase "be spoken" can be stated in active form. Alternate Translation: "or where God was speaking in such a way that those who heard him begged him not to speak another word to them"
Heb 12:24bloodHere "blood" stands for Jesus' death, as Abel's blood stands for his death.
Heb 13:7Imitate their faithHere the trust in God and the way of life led by these leaders are spoken of as "their faith." Alternate Translation: "Trust and obey God in the same way they do"
Heb 13:8is the same yesterday, today, and foreverHere "yesterday" means all times in the past. Alternate Translation: "is the same in the past, the present, and in the future forever"
Heb 13:9the heart should be strengthenedHere "heart" is a metonym for the "inner being." Alternate Translation: "we should be strengthened inwardly"
Heb 13:9foodsHere "foods" stands for rules about food.
Heb 13:10We have an altarHere "altar" stands for "place of worship." It also stands for the animals that the priests in the old covenant sacrificed, from which they took meat for themselves and their families.
Heb 13:12outside the city gateThis stands for "outside the city."
Heb 13:15his nameA person's name represents that person. Alternate Translation: "him"
Heb 13:17not with groaningHere "groaning" stands for sadness or grief.
Heb 13:20by the blood of the eternal covenantHere "blood" stands for the death of Jesus, which is the basis for the covenant that will last forever between God and all believers in Christ.
Heb 13:22the word of encouragementHere "word" stands for a message. Alternate Translation: "the encouraging message"
Jas 1:26his tongueControlling one's tongue stands for controlling one's speech. Alternate Translation: "what he says"
Jas 1:26his heartHere "heart" refers to his belief or thoughts. Alternate Translation: "himself"
Jas 2:7the good name by which you have been calledThis refers to Christ's name. Alternate Translation: "the name of Christ who called you"
Jas 2:16stay warmThis means either "have enough clothes to wear" or "have a place to sleep."
Jas 2:16for the bodyto eat, to wear, and to live comfortably
Jas 2:22You seeThe word "see" is a metonym. Alternate Translation: "You understand"
Jas 3:6The tongue is also a fireThe tongue is a metonym for what people say. James calls it a fire because of the great damage it can do. Alternate Translation: "The tongue is like a fire"
Jas 3:14if you have bitter jealousy and ambition in your heartHere "heart" is a metonym for a person's emotions or thoughts. This can be restated to remove the abstract nouns "jealousy" and "ambition." Alternate Translation: "if you are jealous and selfish" or "if you desire what other people have and you want to succeed even if it harms others"
Jas 3:15This is not the wisdom that comes down from aboveHere "This" refers to the "bitter jealousy and strife" described in the previous verses. The phrase "from above" is a metonym that represents "heaven" which represents God himself. Alternate Translation: "This is not the kind of wisdom that God teaches us from heaven"
Jas 3:15earthlyThe word "earthly" refers to the values and behaviors of the people who do not honor God. Alternate Translation: "not honoring to God"
Jas 4:4friendship with the worldThis phrase refers to identifying with or participating in the world's value system and behavior.
Jas 4:4friendship with the world is hostility against GodOne who is friends with the world is an enemy of God. Here "friendship with the world" stands for being friends with the world, and "hostility against God" stands for being hostile against God. Alternate Translation: "friends of the world are enemies of God"
Jas 4:8Cleanse your handsThis expression is a command for people to do righteous acts instead of unrighteous acts. Alternate Translation: "Behave in a way that honors God"
Jas 4:8purify your heartsHere "hearts" refers to a person's thoughts and emotions. Alternate Translation: "make your thoughts and intentions right"
Jas 4:11brothersJames speaks of the believers as if they are biological brothers. The term here includes women as well as men. Alternate Translation: "fellow believers"
Jas 5:3your fleshHere "flesh" stands for the physical body.
Jas 5:3for the last daysThis refers to the time right before God comes to judge all people. The wicked think they are storing up riches for the future, but what they are doing is storing up judgment. Alternate Translation: "for when God is about to judge you"
Jas 5:5your heartsThe "heart" was considered to be the center of human desire, and here stands for the entire person.
Jas 5:7until the Lord's comingThis phrase refers to the return of Jesus, when he will begin his kingdom on the earth and judge all people. Alternate Translation: "until Christ's return"
Jas 5:8Make your hearts strongJames is equating the believers' hearts to their will to remain committed. Alternate Translation: "Stay committed" or "Keep your faith strong"
Jas 5:10spoke in the name of the LordName here is a metonym for the person of the Lord. Alternate Translation: "by the authority of the Lord" or "spoke for the Lord to the people"
Jas 5:12either by heaven or by the earthThe words "heaven" and "earth" refer to the spiritual or human authorities that are in heaven and earth.
Jas 5:14in the name of the LordName is a metonym for the person of Jesus Christ. Alternate Translation: "by the authority of the Lord" or "with the authority that the Lord has given hthem"
Jas 5:15The prayer of faith will heal the sick personThe writer speaks of God hearing believers pray for sick people and healing those people as if the prayers themselves healed the people. Alternate Translation: "The Lord will hear the prayer of faith and will heal the sick person"
Jas 5:18fruitHere "fruit" stands for all the crops of the farmers.
Jas 5:20whoever turns a sinner from his wandering way ... will cover over a great number of sinsJames means that God will use the actions of this person to persuade the sinner to repent and be saved. But James speaks as if it were this other person who actually saved the sinner's soul from death.
1Pe 1:2for the sprinkling of the blood of Jesus ChristHere "the blood" refers to the death of Jesus. Just as Moses sprinkled blood on the people of Israel to symbolize their covenant with God, believers are in covenant with God because of Jesus' death.
1Pe 1:19the precious blood of ChristHere "blood" stands for Christ's death on the cross.
1Pe 1:22love one another earnestly from the heartHere "heart" is a metonym for a person's thoughts or emotions. To love someone "from the heart" means to love some one completely with total commitment. Alternate Translation: "love one another earnestly and completely"
1Pe 1:23through the living and remaining word of GodPeter speaks of God's word as if it were alive forever. In reality, it is God who lives forever, and whose instructions and promises last eternally.
1Pe 1:24All flesh is like grass, and all itsThe word "flesh" refers to humanity. The prophet Isaiah compares humanity to grass that grows and dies quickly. Alternate Translation: "All people will die like grass dies, and all their"
1Pe 2:5a holy priesthood that offers the spiritual sacrificesHere the position of priesthood stands for the priests who fulfill its duties.
1Pe 2:11make war against your soulHere the word "soul" refers to a person's spiritual life. Peter speaks of sinful desires as soldiers that are trying to destroy the spiritual life of believers. Alternate Translation: "seek to destroy your spiritual life"
1Pe 2:22neither was any deceit found in his mouthHere "deceit" refers to words that a person speaks that are intended to deceive other people. Alternate Translation: "neither did he speak any lies"
1Pe 2:24carried our sins in his body to the treeHere "carried our sins" means he suffered the punishment for our sins. Alternate Translation: "suffered the punishment for our sins in his body on the tree"
1Pe 2:24the treeThis is a reference to the cross on which Jesus died, which was made of wood.
1Pe 3:1some men are disobedient to the wordHere "the word" refers to the gospel message. To disobey means that they do not believe. See how you translated a similar phrase in [1 Peter 2:8](../02/07.md). Alternate Translation: "some men do not believe the message about Jesus"
1Pe 3:4the inner person of the heartHere the words "inner person" and "heart" refer to the inward character and personality of a person. Alternate Translation: "what you really are on the inside"
1Pe 5:6under God's mighty hand soHere the word "hand" refers to God's power to save the humble and punish the proud. Alternate Translation: "under God's great power so" or "before God, realizing that he has great power, so"
1Pe 5:9Stand against himStanding is a metonym for fighting. Alternate Translation: "Fight against him"
1Pe 5:12what I have written is the true grace of GodI have written about the true grace of God. Here the word "grace" refers to the gospel message, which tells of the kind things that God has done for believers.
2Pe 1:17the Majestic Glory sayingPeter refers to God in terms of his glory. This is a euphemism that avoids using God's name, out of reverence for him. Alternate Translation: "God, the Supreme Glory, saying"
2Pe 2:5he did not spare the ancient worldHere the word "world" refers to the people who lived in it. Alternate Translation: "he did not spare the people who lived in the ancient world"
2Pe 2:10authorityHere "authority" stands for God, who has the right to give commands and to punish disobedience.
2Pe 2:14They have eyes full of adulteryHere the "eyes" represent their desires and "eyes full" means they constant want something. Alternate Translation: "They constantly want to commit adultery"
2Pe 2:14hearts trained in covetousnessHere the word "hearts" refers to the thoughts and emotions of the person. Because of their habitual actions, they have trained themselves to think and act out of covetousness.
2Pe 2:16stopped the prophet's insanityGod used a donkey to stop the prophet's foolish action.
2Pe 2:20the corruption of the worldThe word "defilements" refers to sinful behavior that makes one morally impure. The "world" refers to human society. Alternate Translation: "the defiling practices of sinful human society"
1Jn 1:1lifeThe word "life" throughout this letter refers to more than physical life. It stands here for Jesus, the eternal life.
1Jn 1:2the eternal lifeHere, "the eternal life" refers to the one who gives that life, Jesus. Alternate Translation: "the one who enables us to live forever"
1Jn 1:5God is lightThis is a metaphor that means that God is perfectly pure and holy. Cultures that associate goodness with light may be able to keep the idea of light without explaining the metaphor. Alternate Translation: "God is purely righteous like pure light"
1Jn 1:7the blood of JesusThis refers to the death of Jesus.
1Jn 2:12because of his namehis name refers to Christ and who he is. Alternate Translation: "because of what Christ has done for you"
1Jn 2:15Do not love the world norIn 2:15-17 the word "world" refers to all the things people want to do that do not honor God. Alternate Translation: "Do not behave like the people in the world who do not honor God, and do not love"
1Jn 2:18it is the last hourThe phrase "the last hour" refers to the time just before Jesus returns. Alternate Translation: "Jesus will return soon"
1Jn 2:25lifeThe word "life" throughout this letter refers to more than physical life. It stands here for Jesus, the eternal life. See how you translated this in [1 John 1:1-2](../01/01.md).
1Jn 3:1the world does not know us, because it did not know himHere "the world" refers to people who do not honor God. What the world did not know can be made explicit: Alternate Translation: "those who do not honor God do not know that we belong to God, because they did not know God"
1Jn 3:8from the beginningThis refers to the very earliest time of creation before humans first sinned. Alternate Translation: "since the earliest time of creation"
1Jn 3:13if the world hates youHere the word "world" refers to the people who do not honor God. Alternate Translation: "if those who do not honor God hate you who do honor God"
1Jn 3:14lifeThe word "life" throughout this letter refers to more than physical life. It stands here for Jesus, the eternal life. See how you translated this in [1 John 1:1-2](../01/01.md).
1Jn 3:17shuts up his heart of compassion from himHere "heart" is a metonym for "thoughts" or "emotions." Here "shuts up his heart of compassion" is a metaphor for no longer showing someone compassion. Alternate Translation: "does not show him compassion" or "does not willingly help him"
1Jn 3:19we assure our heartsThe word "heart" here refers to feelings. Alternate Translation: "we do not feel guilty"
1Jn 3:20if our hearts condemn usHere "hearts" is a metonym for people's thoughts or consciences. Here "hearts condemn us" is a metaphor for feeling guilty. Alternate Translation: "if we know that we have sinned and as a result feel guilty"
1Jn 3:20God is greater than our heartsHere "hearts" is metonym for people's thoughts or consciences. For God to be "greater than our hearts" means that God knows more than a person. Therefore he can judge things better than a person can. The effect of this truth is probably that God is more merciful than our consciences would suppose. Alternate Translation: "God knows more than we do"
1Jn 4:1do not believe every spiritHere, the word "spirit" refers to a spiritual power or being that gives a person a message or prophecy. Alternate Translation: "do not trust every prophet who claims to have a message from a spirit"
1Jn 4:1test the spiritsHere, the word "spirits" refers to a spiritual power or being that gives a person a message or prophecy. Alternate Translation: "think carefully about what the prophet says"
1Jn 4:4the one who is in the worldTwo possible meanings are 1) this refers to Satan. Alternate Translation: "Satan, who is in the world" or "Satan, who works through those who do not obey God" or 2) this refers to worldly teachers. Alternate Translation: "worldly teachers"
1Jn 4:5They are from the worldThe words "are from" are a metaphor for "receive their power and authority." "The world" is a metonym ultimately for "the one who is in the world," Satan, though it is also a metonym for sinful people who gladly listen to them and so also give them authority.
1Jn 4:5therefore what they say is from the worldThe world here is a metonym ultimately for "the one who is in the world," Satan, though it is also a metonym for sinful people who gladly listen to them and so also give them authority. Alternate Translation: "therefore they teach what they have learned from sinful people"
1Jn 4:5and the world listens to themThe words "the world" are a metonym for people who do not obey God. Alternate Translation: "so the people who do not obey God listen to them"
1Jn 5:4the worldThis passage uses "the world" to refer to all the sinful people and the evil systems in the world. Alternate Translation: "everything in the world that is against God"
1Jn 5:6This is the one who came by water and blood: Jesus ChristJesus Christ is the one who came by water and blood. Here "water" is probably a metonym for the baptism of Jesus, and "blood" stands for Jesus' death on the cross. Alternate Translation: "God showed that Jesus Christ is his son at Jesus' baptism and his death on the cross"
1Jn 5:6He came not only by water, but also by water and bloodHere "water" is probably a metonym for the baptism of Jesus, and "blood" stands for Jesus' death on the cross. Alternate Translation: "God did not show us Jesus was his son just through his baptism, but through his baptism and his death on the cross"
1Jn 5:13to you who believe in the name of the Son of GodHere "name" is a metonym for the Son of God. Alternate Translation: "to you who trust in the Son of God"
1Jn 5:19the whole worldHere "world" is a way in which some biblical writers refer to the people living in the world who are in rebellion against God and to the world system that is affected in every way by the corrupting power of sin.
1Jn 5:20and eternal lifeHe is called "eternal life" becasue he gives us eternal life. Alternate Translation: "and the one who gives eternal life"
2Jn 1:7Jesus Christ came in the fleshComing in the flesh is a metonym for being a real person. Alternate Translation: "Jesus Christ came as a real human"
3Jn 1:7because it was for the sake of the name that they went outHere "the name" refers to Jesus. Alternate Translation: "for they have gone out to tell people about Jesus"
Jud 1:6utter darknessHere "darkness" is a metonym which represents the place of the dead or hell. Alternate Translation: "in utter darkness in hell"
Jud 1:7the cities around themHere "cities" stands for the people who lived in them.
Jud 1:13for whom the gloom of thick darkness has been reserved foreverHere "darkness" is a metonym that represents the place of the dead or hell. Here "thick darkness" is an idiom that means "very dark." The phrase "has been reserved" can be stated in active form. Alternate Translation: "and God will put them in the gloom and darkness of hell forever"
Jud 1:21the mercy of our Lord Jesus Christ that brings you eternal lifeHere "mercy" stands for Jesus Christ himself, who will show his mercy to the believers by making them live forever with him.
Rev 1:7pierced himJesus' hands and feet were pierced when he was nailed to the cross. Here it refers to people killing him. Alternate Translation: "killed him"
Rev 2:3because of my nameName here is a metonym for the person of Jesus Christ. Alternate Translation: "because of me" or "because you believe in my name" or "because you believe in me"
Rev 2:13Satan's thronePossible meanings are 1) Satan's power and evil influence on people, or 2) the place where Satan rules.
Rev 2:22I will throw her onto a sickbed ... into great sufferingHer having to lie in bed would be the result of Jesus making her very sick. Alternate Translation: "I will make her lie sick in bed ... I will make suffer greatly" or "I will make her very sick ... I will make suffer greatly"
Rev 2:23thoughts and heartsThe term "heart" a metonym that represents feelings and desires. Alternate Translation: "what people think and want"
Rev 3:4a few namesThe word "names" is a metonym for the people themselves. Alternate Translation: "a few people"
Rev 3:5I will speak his nameHe would not simply say the person's name, but announce that the person belongs to him. Alternate Translation: "I will announce that he belongs to me"
Rev 3:8my nameThe word "name" here is is a metonym for the person who has that name. Alternate Translation: "me"
Rev 3:20hears my voiceThe phrase "my voice" refers to Christ speaking. Alternate Translation: "hears me speak" or "hears me call"
Rev 3:21to sit down with me on my throneTo sit on a throne means to rule. Alternate Translation: "to rule with me" or "to sit down on my throne and rule with me"
Rev 4:11to receive glory and honor and powerThese are things that God always has. Being praised for having them is spoken of as receiving them. Alternate Translation: "to be praised for your glory, honor, and power" or "for everyone to praise you because you are glorious, honorable, and powerful"
Rev 5:9with your bloodSince blood represents a person's life, losing the blood represents dying. This probably means "by your death" or "by dying."
Rev 5:12to receive power, wealth, wisdom, strength, honor, glory, and praiseThese are all things that the Lamb has. Being praised for having them is spoken of as receiving them. This can be restated to remove the abstract nouns. See how you translated a similar sentence in [Revelation 4:11](../04/11.md). Alternate Translation: "for everyone to honor, glorify, and praise him because he is powerful, wealthy, wise, and strong"
Rev 6:6the oil and the wineThese expressions probably stand for the olive oil harvest and the grape harvest.
Rev 6:8one-fourth of the earthHere "the earth" represents the people of the earth. Alternate Translation: "one-fourth of the people on the earth"
Rev 6:8the swordA sword is a weapon, and here it represents war.
Rev 6:10avenge our bloodThe word blood here represents their deaths. Alternate Translation: "punish those who killed us"
Rev 6:16the face of the oneHere "face" represents "presence." Alternate Translation: "the presence of the one" or "the one"
Rev 6:17the great day of their wrath has comeThe day of their wrath refers to the time when they would punish wicked people. Alternate Translation: "this is the terrible time when they will punish people"
Rev 6:17Who is able to stand?Surviving, or staying alive, is spoken of as standing. This question is used to express their great sadness and fear that no one will be able to survive when God punishes them. Alternate Translation: "No one can survive"
Rev 7:2the seal of the living GodThe word "seal" here refers to a tool that is used to press a mark onto a wax seal. In this case the tool would be used to put a mark on God's people. Alternate Translation: "the marker" or "stamp"
Rev 7:3put a seal on the foreheadsThe word "seal" here refers to a mark. This mark shows that the people belong to God and that he will protect them. Alternate Translation: "put a mark on the foreheads"
Rev 7:14the blood of the LambThe word "blood" is used to refer to the death of Lamb.
Rev 7:17God will wipe away every tear from their eyesTears here represent sadness. Alternate Translation: "God will wipe away their sadness, like wiping away tears" or "God will cause them to not be sad anymore"
Rev 8:4the angel's handThis refers to the bowl in the angel's hand. Alternate Translation: "the bowl in the angel's hand"
Rev 8:5filled it with fireThe word "fire" here probably refers to burning coals. Alternate Translation: "filled it with burning coals" or "filled it with coals of fire"
Rev 9:4the seal of GodThe word "seal" here refers to a tool that is used to press a mark onto a wax seal. In this case the tool would be used to put a mark on God's people. See how you translated "seal" in [Revelation 7:3](../07/03.md). Alternate Translation: "the marker of God" or "stamp of God"
Rev 10:1his feet were like pillars of fireThe word "feet" refers to the legs. Alternate Translation: "his legs were like pillars of fire"
Rev 10:11languagesThis refers to the people who speak the languages. Alternate Translation: "many language communities" or "many groups of people who speak their own languages"
Rev 11:12a loud voice from heavenThe word "voice" refers to the one who speaks. Alternate Translation: "someone speak loudly to them from heaven and"
Rev 11:15The kingdom of the world ... the kingdom of our Lord and of his ChristHere "kingdom" refers to the authority to rule the world. Alternate Translation: "The authority to rule the world ... the authority that belongs to our Lord and his Christ"
Rev 11:15the worldThis refers to everyone in the world. Alternate Translation: "everyone in the world"
Rev 11:18the prophets, those who are believers, and those who feared your nameThis list explains what "your servants" means. These were not three completely different groups of people. The prophets also were believers and feared God's name. "Name" here is a metonym for the person of Jesus Christ. Alternate Translation: "the prophets, those who are believers, and those who fear you" or "the prophets and the others who are believers and fear your name"
Rev 12:10I heard a loud voice in heavenThe word "voice" refers to someone who speaks. Alternate Translation: "I heard someone saying loudly from heaven"
Rev 12:11by the blood of the LambThe blood refers to his death. Alternate Translation: "because the lamb had shed his blood and died for them"
Rev 13:2his throneThe word "throne" here refers to the dragon's authority to rule as king. Alternate Translation: "his royal authority" or "his authority to rule as king"
Rev 13:3The whole earthThe word "earth" refers to the people on it. Alternate Translation: "All the people on the earth"
Rev 13:5The beast was given a mouth that could speakBeing given a mouth refers to being allowed to speak. Alternate Translation: "The beast was allowed to speak"
Rev 13:10with the swordThe sword represents war. Alternate Translation: "in war"
Rev 13:15to give breath to the beast's imageHere the word "breath" represents life. Alternate Translation: "to give life to the beast's image"
Rev 14:5No lie was found in their mouthTheir "mouth" refers to what they said." Alternate Translation: "They never lied when they spoke"
Rev 14:8who persuadedBabylon is spoken of as if it were a person, instead of a city filled with people.
Rev 14:11The smoke from their tormentThe phrase "their torment" refers to the fire that torments them. Alternate Translation: "The smoke from the fire that torments them"
Rev 15:4glorify your nameThe phrase "your name" refers to God. Alternate Translation: "glorify you"
Rev 16:2poured out his bowlThe word "bowl" refers to what is in it. Alternate Translation: "poured out the wine from his bowl" or "poured out God's wrath from his bowl"
Rev 16:3poured out his bowlThe word "bowl" refers to what is in it. See how you translated this in [Revelation 16:2](./02.md). Alternate Translation: "poured out the wine from his bowl" or "poured out God's wrath from his bowl"
Rev 16:4poured out his bowlThe word "bowl" refers to what is in it. See how you translated this in [Revelation 16:2](./02.md). Alternate Translation: "poured out the wine from his bowl" or "poured out God's wrath from his bowl"
Rev 16:6they poured out the blood of the saints and prophetsHere "poured out the blood" means killed. Alternate Translation: "they murdered God's holy people and the prophets"
Rev 16:7I heard the altar replyThe word "altar" here refers perhaps to someone at the altar. "I heard someone at the altar reply"
Rev 16:8poured out his bowlThe word "bowl" refers to what is in it. See how you translated this in [Revelation 16:2](./02.md). Alternate Translation: "poured out the wine from his bowl" or "poured out God's wrath from his bowl"
Rev 16:9they blasphemed the name of GodHere the name of God represents God. Alternate Translation: "they blasphemed God"
Rev 16:10poured out his bowlThe word "bowl" refers to what is in it. See how you translated this in [Revelation 16:2](./02.md). Alternate Translation: "poured out the wine from his bowl" or "poured out God's wrath from his bowl"
Rev 16:10the throne of the beastThis is where the beast reigns from. It may refer to the capital city of his kingdom.
Rev 16:12poured out his bowlThe word "bowl" refers to what is in it. See how you translated this in [Revelation 16:2](./02.md). Alternate Translation: "poured out the wine from his bowl" or "poured out God's wrath from his bowl"
Rev 16:17poured out his bowlThe word "bowl" refers to what is in it. See how you translated this in [Revelation 16:2](./02.md). Alternate Translation: "poured out the wine from his bowl" or "poured out God's wrath from his bowl"
Rev 16:17Then a loud voice came out of the temple and from the throneThis means someone sitting on the throne or someone standing near the throne spoke loudly. It is unclear who is speaking.
Rev 16:20the mountains were no longer foundThe inability to see any mountains is metonymy expressing the idea that no mountains existed any longer. Alternate Translation: "there were no longer any mountains"
Rev 17:15languagesThis refers to people who speak the languages. See how you translated this in [Revelation 10:11](../10/11.md).
Rev 17:17God has put it into their heartsHere "heart" is a metonym for desires. Making them want to do something is spoken of as putting it in their hearts to do it. Alternate Translation: "God has made them want"
Rev 17:18the great city that rulesWhen it says that the city rules, it means that the leader of the city rules. Alternate Translation: "the great city whose leader rules"
Rev 18:3all the nationsThe nations is a metonym for the people of those nations. Alternate Translation: "the people of all the nations"
Rev 18:4another voiceThe word "voice" refers to the speaker, which is probably either Jesus or the Father. Alternate Translation: "someone else"
Rev 18:7For she says in her heartHere "heart" is a metonym for a person's mind or thoughts. Alternate Translation: "For she says to herself"
Rev 18:17whose living is made from the seaThe phrase "from the sea" refers to what they do on the sea. Alternate Translation: "who travel on the sea to make their living" or "who sail on the sea to different places in order to trade things"
Rev 18:21will not be seen anymoreno one will see it anymore. Not being seen here means that it will not exist. Alternate Translation: "it will not exist anymore"
Rev 18:22will not be heard anymore in youno one will hear them anymore in you. Not being heard here means that they will not be there. Alternate Translation: "they will not be in your city anymore"
Rev 18:22No craftsman ... will be found in youNot being found there means that they will not be there. Alternate Translation: "No craftsman of any kind will be in your city"
Rev 18:22No sound of a mill will be heard anymore in youThe sound of something not being heard means that no one will make that sound. Alternate Translation: "No one will use a mill in your city"
Rev 18:23will not be heard in you anymoreNot being heard here means that they will not be there. Alternate Translation: "will not be in your city anymore"
Rev 19:2who corrupted the earthHere "the earth" is a metonym for its inhabitants. Alternate Translation: "who corrupted the people of the earth"
Rev 19:2the blood of his servantsHere "the blood" is a metonym that represents murder. Alternate Translation: "murdering his servants"
Rev 19:17I saw an angel standing in the sunHere "the sun" is a metonym for the light of the sun. Alternate Translation: "Then I saw an angel standing in the light of the sun"
Rev 20:3deceive the nationsHere "nations" is a metonym for the people of the earth. Alternate Translation: "deceive the people-groups"
Rev 20:4for the word of GodThese words are a metonym for the message from God. Alternate Translation: "for what they taught about the scriptures"
Rev 20:13HadesHere "Hades" is a metonym that represents the place where unbelievers go when they die, to wait for God's judgment.
Rev 21:3a great voice from the throne sayingThe word "voice" refers to the one who speaks. Alternate Translation: "someone speak loudly from the throne saying"
Rev 21:4He will wipe away every tear from their eyesTears here represent sadness. See how you translated this in [Revelation 7:17](../07/17.md). Alternate Translation: "God will wipe away their sadness, like wiping away tears" or "God will cause them to not be sad anymore"
Rev 21:5these words are trustworthy and trueHere "words" refers to the message that they formed. Alternate Translation: "this message is trustworthy and true"
Rev 21:24The nations will walkThe words "the nations" are a metonym for the people who live in the nations. "Walk" here is a metaphor for "live." Alternate Translation: "The people from all the different nations will live"
Rev 22:2the nationsHere "nations" refers to the people who live in every nation. Alternate Translation: "the people of all nations"
Rev 22:6These words are trustworthy and trueHere "words" refers to the message that they formed. See how you translated this in [Revelation 21:5](../21/05.md). Alternate Translation: "This message is trustworthy and true"
Rev 22:6the God of the spirits of the prophetsPossible meanings are 1) the word "spirits" refers to the inward disposition of the prophets and indicates that God inspires them. Alternate Translation: "God who inspires the prophets" or 2) the word "spirits" refers to the Holy Spirit who inspires the prophets. Alternate Translation: "God who gives his Spirit to the prophets"
Rev 22:10the words of the prophecy of this bookHere "words" refers to the message that they formed. See how you translated this in [Revelation 22:7](./07.md). Alternate Translation: "This prophetic message of this book"
Rev 22:18the words of the prophecy of this bookHere "words" refers to the message that they formed. See how you translated this in [Revelation 22:7](./07.md). Alternate Translation: "This prophetic message of this book"