Here "Jerusalem" refers to the people. Also, "all" means "many." Matthew is exaggerating to emphasize how many people were worried. Alternate Translation: "many of the people in Jerusalem"
Mat 2:11
their treasures
Here "treasures" refers to the boxes or bags they used to carry their treasures. Alternate Translation: "the containers that held their treasures"
Mat 3:2
the kingdom of heaven is near
The phrase "kingdom of heaven" refers to God ruling as king. This phrase is only in the book of Matthew. If possible, use the word "heaven" in your translation. Alternate Translation: "our God in heaven will soon show himself to be king"
Mat 3:5
Then Jerusalem, all Judea, and all the region
The words "Jerusalem," "Judea," and "the region" are metonyms for the people from those areas. The word "all" is an exaggeration to emphasize that very many people went out. Alternate Translation: Then very may people from Jerusalem, Judea, and that region"
Mat 3:7
flee from the wrath that is coming
The word "wrath" is being used to refer to God's punishment because his wrath precedes it. Alternate Translation: "run away from the punishment that is coming" or "escape because God is about to punish you"
Mat 3:17
a voice came out of the heavens saying
Jesus heard a voice from heaven. Here "voice" refers to God speaking. Alternate Translation: "God spoke from heaven"
Mat 4:4
but by every word that comes out of the mouth of God
Here "word" and "mouth" refer to what God says. Alternate Translation: "but by listening to everything that God says"
Mat 4:17
the kingdom of heaven has come near
The phrase "the kingdom of heaven" refers to God ruling as king. This phrase is only in the book of Matthew. If possible, include a word that means "heaven" in your translation. See how you translated this in [Matthew 3:2](../03/02.md). Alternate Translation: "our God in heaven will soon show himself to be king"
Mat 4:23
preaching the gospel of the kingdom
Here "kingdom" refers to God's reign as king. Alternate Translation: "preaching the good news about how God will show himself as king"
Mat 5:3
for theirs is the kingdom of heaven
Here "kingdom of heaven" refers to God's rule as king. This phrase is only in the book of Matthew. If possible, keep "heaven" in your translation. Alternate Translation: "for God in heaven will be their king"
Mat 5:8
the pure in heart
people whose hearts are pure. Here "heart" is a metonym for a person's inner being or intentions. Alternate Translation: "those who only want to serve God"
Mat 5:10
theirs is the kingdom of heaven
Here "kingdom of heaven" refers to God's rule as king. This phrase is only in the book of Matthew. If possible, keep "heaven" in your translation. See how you translated this in [Matthew 5:3](./03.md). Alternate Translation: "for God in heaven will be their king"
Mat 5:17
the prophets
This refers to what the prophets wrote in the scriptures.
Mat 5:19
least in the kingdom of heaven
The phrase "kingdom of heaven" refers to God's rule as king. This phrase is found only in Matthew. If possible use "heaven" in your translation. Alternate Translation: "the least important in his heavenly kingdom" or "the least important under the rule of our God in heaven"
Mat 5:28
in his heart
Here "heart" is a metonym for a person's thoughts. Alternate Translation: "in his mind" or "in his thoughts"
Mat 5:29
If your right eye causes you to stumble
Here "eye" refers to what a person sees. And, "stumble" is a metaphor for "sin." Alternate Translation: "if what you see causes you to stumble" or "if you want to sin because of what you see"
Mat 5:30
If your right hand causes
In this metonymy, the hand stands for the actions of the whole person.
Mat 6:9
may your name be sanctified
Here "your name" refers to God himself. Alternate Translation: "make everyone honor you"
Mat 6:10
May your kingdom come
Here "kingdom" refers to God's rule as king. Alternate Translation: "May you rule over everyone and everything completely"
Mat 6:21
there will your heart be also
Here "heart" means a person's thoughts and interests.
Mat 6:33
seek first his kingdom and his righteousness
Here "kingdom" refers to God's rule as king. Alternate Translation: "concern yourselves with serving God, who is your king, and doing what is right"
Mat 7:12
for this is the law and the prophets
Here "law" and "prophets" refer to what Moses and the prophets wrote. Alternate Translation: "for this is what Moses and the prophets teach in the scriptures"
Mat 7:21
will enter into the kingdom of heaven
Here "kingdom of heaven" refers to God's rule as king. The phrase "kingdom of heaven" is used only in the book of Matthew. If possible, keep "heaven" in your translation. Alternate Translation: "will live with God in heaven when he shows himself to be king"
Mat 7:22
in your name
Possible meanings are 1) "by your authority" or "by your power" or 2) "because we were doing what you wanted us to do" or 3) "because we asked you for the power to do it"
Mat 7:24
my words
Here "words" refers to what Jesus says.
Mat 8:8
say the word
Here "word" represents a command. Alternate Translation: "give the command"
Mat 8:11
recline at the table
People in that culture would lie down beside the table while eating. This phrase indicates that all those at the table are family and close friends. The joy in the kingdom of God is frequently spoken of as if the people there were feasting. Alternate Translation: "live as family and friends"
Mat 8:11
in the kingdom of heaven
Here "kingdom of heaven" refers to God's rule as king. The phrase "kingdom of heaven" is used only in the book of Matthew. If possible, keep "heaven" in your translation. Alternate Translation: "when our God in heaven shows that he is king"
Mat 8:12
the sons of the kingdom
The phrase "sons of" is a metonym, referring to the unbelieving Jews of the kingdom of Judea. There is also irony here because the "sons" will be thrown out while the strangers will be welcomed. Alternate Translation: "those who should have allowed God to rule over them"
Mat 8:12
the outer darkness
Here "outer darkness" is a metonym for the place where God sends those who reject them. This is a place that is completely separated from God forever. Alternate Translation: "the dark place away from God"
Mat 8:16
He drove out the spirits with a word
Here "word" stands for a command. Alternate Translation: "He commanded the spirits to leave"
Mat 8:34
all the city
The word "city" is a metonym for the people of the city. The word "all" is probably an exaggeration to emphasize how very many people came out. Not necessarily every person came out.
Mat 9:4
in your hearts
Here "hearts" refers to their minds or their thoughts.
Mat 10:6
house of Israel
This refers to the nation of Israel. Alternate Translation: "people of Israel" or "descendants of Israel"
Mat 10:7
The kingdom of heaven has come near
The phrase "kingdom of heaven" refers to God ruling as king. This phrase is only in the book of Matthew. If possible, use the word "heaven" in your translation. See how you translated this in [Matthew 3:2](../03/02.md). Alternate Translation: "Our God in heaven will soon show himself to be king"
Mat 10:9
gold, silver, or copper
These are metals out of which coins were made. This list is a metonym for money, so if the metals are unknown in your area, translate the list as "money."
Mat 10:12
As you enter into the house, greet it
The phrase "greet it" means greet the house. A common greeting in those days was "Peace be to this house!" Here "house" represents the people who live in the house. Alternate Translation: "As you enter the house, greet the people who live in it"
Mat 10:13
the house is worthy
Here "the house" represents those who live in the house. Alternate Translation: "the people who live in that house receive you well" or "the people who live in that house treat you well"
Mat 10:13
let your peace come upon it
The word "it" refers to the house, which represents the people who live in the house. Alternate Translation: "let them receive your peace" or "let them receive the peace that you greeted them with"
Mat 10:13
if it is not worthy
The word "it" means the house. Here "house" refers to the people who live in the house. Alternate Translation: "if they do not receive you well" or "if they do not treat you well"
Mat 10:14
listen to your words
Here "words" refers to what the disciples say. Alternate Translation: "listen to your message" or "listen to what you have to say"
Mat 10:15
the land of Sodom and Gomorrah
This refers to the people who lived in Sodom and Gomorrah. Alternate Translation: "the people who lived in the cities of Sodom and Gomorrah"
Mat 10:15
that city
This refers to the people in the city that does not receive the apostles or listen to their message. Alternate Translation: "the people of the city that does not receive you"
Mat 10:19
in that hour
Here "hour" means "right then." Alternate Translation: "right then" or "at that time"
Mat 10:22
because of my name
Here "name" refers to the entire person. Alternate Translation: "because of me" or "because you trust in me"
Mat 10:27
What I tell you in the darkness, say in the daylight
Here "darkness" is a metonym for "night" which is a metonym for "private." Here "daylight" is a metonym for "public." Alternate Translation: "What I tell you privately at night, say in public in the day light"
Mat 10:27
proclaim upon the housetops
Housetops where Jesus lived were flat, and people far away could hear anyone speaking with a loud voice. Here "housetops" refers to any place where all people can hear. Alternate Translation: "speak loudly in a public place for all to hear"
Mat 10:34
upon the earth
This refers to the people who live on the earth. Alternate Translation: "to the people of the earth" or "to people"
Mat 10:34
a sword
This refers to division, fighting, and killing among people.
Mat 10:38
pick up his cross and follow after me
carry his cross and follow me. The cross represents suffering and death. Taking up the cross represents being willing to suffer and die. Alternate Translation: "obey me even to the point of suffering and dying"
Mat 11:11
the least important person in the kingdom of heaven
Here "kingdom of heaven" refers to God's rule as king. The phrase "kingdom of heaven" is used only in Matthew. If possible, try to keep "heaven" in your translation. Alternate Translation: "the least important person under the rule of our God in heaven"
Mat 11:13
all the prophets and the law have been prophesying until John
Here "prophets and the law" refer to the things that the prophets and Moses wrote in scripture. Alternate Translation: "for these are the things that the prophets and Moses have prophesied through the scriptures until the time of John the Baptist"
Mat 11:15
listen
Here "listen" represents paying attention. Alternate Translation: "pay attention to what I am saying"
Mat 11:20
rebuke the cities
Here "the cities" refers to the people who live there. Alternate Translation: "rebuke the people of the cities"
Mat 11:21
Chorazin ... Bethsaida ... Tyre ... Sidon
The names of these cities are used as metonyms for the people living in these cities.
Mat 11:22
it will be more tolerable for Tyre and Sidon at the day of judgment than for you
Here "Tyre and Sidon" refers to the people who live there. Alternate Translation: "God will show more mercy to the people of Tyre and Sidon in the day of judgment than to you" or "God will punish you more severely at the day of judgment than the people of Tyre and Sidon"
Mat 11:23
Capernaum ... Sodom
The names of these cities refer to the people living in Capernaum and in Sodom.
Mat 11:24
it shall be easier for the land of Sodom in the day of judgment than for you
Here "land of Sodom" refer to the people who lived there. Alternate Translation: "God will show more mercy to the people of Sodom in the day of judgment than to you" or "God will punish you more severely in the day of judgment than the people of Sodom"
Mat 11:26
for so it was well-pleasing in your sight
The phrase "in your sight" is a metonym that stands for how a person considers something. Alternate Translation: "for you considered it good to do this"
Mat 11:29
lowly in heart
Here "heart" is a metonym for a person's inner being. The phrase "lowly in heart" is an idiom that means "humble." Alternate Translation: "humble"
Mat 12:19
neither will anyone hear his voice
Here people not hearing his voice represents him not speaking loudly. Alternate Translation: "he will not speak loudly"
Mat 12:25
Every kingdom divided against itself is made desolate
Here "kingdom" refers to those who live in the kingdom. This can be translated in active form. Alternate Translation: "A kingdom will not last when its people fight among themselves"
Mat 12:25
every city or house divided against itself will not stand
Here "city" refers to the people who live there, and "house" refers to a family. Being "divided against itself" represents its people fighting each other. Alternate Translation: "it ruins a city or a family when the people fight each other"
Mat 12:26
If Satan drives out Satan
The second use of Satan refers to the demons that serve Satan. Alternate Translation: "If Satan works against his own demons"
Mat 12:28
then the kingdom of God has come upon you
then the kingdom of God has arrived among you. Here "kingdom" refers to God's rule as king. Alternate Translation: "this means God is establishing his rule among you"
Mat 12:32
Whoever speaks any word against the Son of Man
Here "word" refers to what someone says. Alternate Translation: "If a person says anything bad about the Son of Man"
Mat 12:32
neither in this world, nor in that which is to come
Here "this world" and "that which is to come" refer to the present life and the next life. Alternate Translation: "in this life or in the next life" or "now or ever"
Mat 12:34
out of the abundance of the heart his mouth speaks
Here "heart" is a metonym for the thoughts in a person's mind. Here "mouth" is a synecdoche that represents a person as a whole. Alternate Translation: "what a person says with his mouth reveals what is in his mind"
Mat 12:36
every idle word they will have said
Here "word" refers to something that someone says. Alternate Translation: "every harmful thing they will have said"
Mat 12:42
and condemn them
See how you translated a similar statement in [Matthew 12:41](./41.md). Possible meanings are 1) "condemn" here represents accusing. Alternate Translation: "and will accuse this generation of people" or 2) God will condemn this generation of people because they did not listen to wisdom as the Queen of the South had. Alternate Translation: "and God will condemn this generation"
Mat 13:9
listen
Here "listen" represents paying attention. See how you translated this in [Matthew 11:15](../11/15.md). Alternate Translation: "pay attention to what I am saying"
Mat 13:11
mysteries of the kingdom of heaven
Here "kingdom of heaven" refers to God's rule. The phrase "kingdom of heaven" occurs only in the book of Matthew. If possible, try to keep it in your translation. Alternate Translation: "the secrets about our God in heaven and his rule"
Mat 13:15
this people's heart has become dull
Here "heart" refers to the mind. Alternate Translation: "these people's minds are slow to learn" or "these people can no longer learn"
Mat 13:15
they are hard of hearing
They are not physically deaf. Here "hard of hearing" means they refuse to listen and learn God's truth. Alternate Translation: "they refuse to use their ears to listen"
Mat 13:15
they have closed their eyes
They have not literally closed their eyes. This means they refuse to understand. Alternate Translation: "they refuse to use their eyes to see"
Mat 13:19
in his heart
Here "heart" refers to the mind of the hearer.
Mat 13:20
the word
This represents God's message. Alternate Translation: "the message" or "God's teaching"
Mat 13:24
The kingdom of heaven is like
Here "kingdom of heaven" refers to God's rule as king. The phrase "kingdom of heaven" is used only in Matthew. If possible, use "heaven" in your translation. Alternate Translation: "When our God in heaven shows himself to be king, it will be like"
Mat 13:27
did you not sow
The landowner probably had his servants plant the seeds. Alternate Translation: "did we not sow"
Mat 13:31
The kingdom of heaven is like
Here "kingdom of heaven" refers to God's rule as king. The phrase "kingdom of heaven" is used only in Matthew. If possible, use "heaven" in your translation. See how you translated this in [Matthew 13:24](./24.md). Alternate Translation: "When our God in heaven shows himself to be king, it will be like"
Mat 13:33
The kingdom of heaven is like
Here "kingdom of heaven" refers to God's rule as king. The phrase "kingdom of heaven" is used only in Matthew. If possible, use "heaven" in your translation. See how you translated this in [Matthew 13:24](./24.md). Alternate Translation: "When our God in heaven shows himself to be king, it will be like"
Mat 13:38
of the kingdom
Here "kingdom" refers to God the king. Alternate Translation: "of God"
Mat 13:43
listen
Here "listen" represents paying attention. See how you translated this in [Matthew 11:15](../11/15.md). Alternate Translation: "pay attention to what I am saying"
Mat 13:44
The kingdom of heaven is like
Here "kingdom of heaven" refers to God's rule as king. The phrase "kingdom of heaven" is used only in Matthew. If possible, use "heaven" in your translation. See how you translated this in [Matthew 13:24](./24.md). Alternate Translation: "When our God in heaven shows himself to be king, it will be like"
Mat 13:47
the kingdom of heaven is like
Here "kingdom of heaven" refers to God's rule as king. The phrase "kingdom of heaven" is used only in Matthew. If possible, use "heaven" in your translation. See how you translated this in [Matthew 13:24](./24.md). Alternate Translation: "When our God in heaven shows himself to be king, it will be like"
Mat 13:52
has become a disciple to the kingdom of heaven
Here "kingdom of heaven" refers to God's rule as king. The phrase "kingdom of heaven" is used only in the book of Matthew. If possible, keep "heaven" in your translation. Alternate Translation: "has learned the truth about our God in heaven, who is king" or "has submitted himself to God's rule"
Mat 14:3
Herod had arrested John, bound him, and put him in prison
It says that Herod did these things because he ordered others to do them for him. Alternate Translation: "Herod ordered his soldiers to arrest and bind John the Baptist and put him in prison"
Mat 15:8
This people honors me with their lips
Here "lips" refers to speaking. Alternate Translation: "These people say all the right things to me"
Mat 15:8
but their heart is far from me
Here "heart" refers to a person's thoughts or emotions. This phrase is a way of saying the people are not truly devoted to God. Alternate Translation: "but they do not really love me"
Mat 15:11
enters into the mouth ... comes out of the mouth
Jesus is contrasting what a person eats to what a person says. Jesus means that God is concerned with what a person says rather than what a person eats.
Mat 15:18
things that come out of the mouth
This refers to what a person says. Alternate Translation: "words that a person says"
Mat 15:18
from the heart
Here "heart" refers to a person's mind or innermost being. Alternate Translation: "from inside the person" or "from a person's mind"
Mat 15:23
answered her not a word
Here "word" refers to what a person says. Alternate Translation: "said nothing"
Mat 16:19
the kingdom of heaven
This refers to God's rule as king. The phrase "kingdom of heaven" is used only in the book of Matthew. If possible, use "heaven" in your translation.
Mat 16:21
suffer many things at the hand of the elders and chief priests and scribes
Here "hand" refers to power. Alternate Translation: "where the elders, chief priests, and scribes will cause him to suffer"
Mat 16:24
take up his cross, and follow me
carry his cross, and follow me. The cross represents suffering and death. Taking up the cross represents being willing to suffer and die. Alternate Translation: "and obey me even to the point of suffering and dying" or "and he must obey me even to the point of suffering and dying"
Mat 16:28
until they see the Son of Man coming in his kingdom
Here "his kingdom" represents him being King. Alternate Translation: "until they see the Son of Man coming as King" or "until they see the evidence that the Son of Man is King"
Mat 17:5
there was a voice out of the cloud
Here "voice" refers to God speaking. Alternate Translation: "God spoke to them from out of the cloud"
Mat 17:12
the Son of Man will also suffer at their hands
Here "hands" refers to power. Alternate Translation: "they will make the Son of Man suffer"
Mat 17:22
delivered into the hands of people
The word "hands" here is a metonym for the power that people use hands to exercise. Alternate Translation: "taken and put under the power of people" or "taken and given to people who will control him"
Mat 17:22
into the hands of people
Here "hands" refers to power or control. Alternate Translation: "to the control of the people" or "to the people"
Mat 18:1
in the kingdom of heaven
The phrase "kingdom of heaven" refers to God's rule as king. This phrase is used only in the book of Matthew. If possible, keep "heaven" in your translation. Alternate Translation: "in God's kingdom" or "when our God in heaven establishes his rule on earth"
Mat 18:3
enter the kingdom of heaven
The phrase "kingdom of heaven" refers to God's rule as king. This phrase is used only in the book of Matthew. If possible, keep "heaven" in your translation. Alternate Translation: "enter God's kingdom" or "belong to our God in heaven when he establishes his rule on earth"
Mat 18:4
in the kingdom of heaven
The phrase "kingdom of heaven" refers to God's rule as king. This phrase is used only in the book of Matthew. If possible, keep "heaven" in your translation. Alternate Translation: "in God's kingdom" or "when our God in heaven establishes his rule on earth"
Mat 18:5
in my name
Here "my name" refers to the entire person. Alternate Translation: "because of me" or "because he is my disciple"
Mat 18:7
to the world
Here "world" refers to people. Alternate Translation: "to the people of the world"
Mat 18:16
so that by the mouth of two or three witnesses every word might be verified
Here "mouth" and "word" refer to what a person says. This can be stated in active form. Alternate Translation: "so that two or three witnesses may verify that what you say about your brother is true"
Mat 18:20
in my name
Here "name" refers to the entire person. Alternate Translation: "because of me" or "because they are my disciples"
Mat 18:35
from your heart
Here "heart" is a metonym for a person's inner being. The phrase "from your heart" is an idiom that means "sincerely." Alternate Translation: "sincerely" or "completely"
Mat 19:1
had finished these words
Here "words" refers to what Jesus taught starting in [Matthew 18:1](../18/01.md). Alternate Translation: "had finished teaching these things"
Mat 19:8
from the beginning
Here "beginning" refers to when God first created man and woman.
Mat 19:12
for the sake of the kingdom of heaven
Here "kingdom of heaven" refers to God's rule as king. This phrase is found only in the book of Matthew. If possible, keep "heaven" in your translation. Alternate Translation: "so they can better serve our God in heaven"
Mat 19:14
for the kingdom of heaven belongs to such ones
Here "kingdom of heaven" refers to God's rule as king. This phrase is found only in the book of Matthew. If possible, keep "heaven" in your translation. Alternate Translation: "for when our God in heaven establishes his rule on earth, he will be king over such as these" or "for God will allow such as these into his kingdom"
Mat 19:23
to enter the kingdom of heaven
Here "kingdom of heaven" refers to God's rule as king. This phrase is found only in the book of Matthew. If possible, keep "heaven" in your translation. Alternate Translation: "to accept our God in heaven as their king" or "to enter God's kingdom"
Mat 19:28
in the new age
in the new time. This refers to when God restores all things. Alternate Translation: "at the time when God makes all things new"
Mat 19:28
sits on his glorious throne
Sitting on his throne represents ruling as a king. His throne being glorious represents his rule being glorious. Alternate Translation: "sits as king on his glorious throne" or "rules gloriously as king"
Mat 19:28
sit upon twelve thrones
Here sitting on thrones refers to ruling as kings. The disciples will not be equal to Jesus who is also on a throne. They will receive authority from him. Alternate Translation: "sit as kings on 12 thrones"
Mat 19:28
the twelve tribes of Israel
Here "tribes" refers to people from those tribes. Alternate Translation: "the people of the 12 tribes of Israel"
Mat 19:29
for my name's sake
Here "name" refers to the entire person. Alternate Translation: "because of me" or "because he believes in me"
Mat 20:21
at your right hand ... at your left hand
These refer to having positions of power, authority, and honor.
Mat 20:21
in your kingdom
Here "kingdom" refers to Jesus ruling as king. Alternate Translation: "when you are king"
Mat 20:23
right hand ... left hand
These refer to having positions of power, authority, and honor. See how you translated this in [Matthew 20:21](./21.md).
Mat 21:9
in the name of the Lord
Here "in the name" means "in the power" or "as a representative." Alternate Translation: "in the power of the Lord" or "as the representative of the Lord"
Mat 21:9
Hosanna in the highest
Here "highest" refers to God who rules from the highest heaven. Alternate Translation: "Praise God, who is in the highest heaven" or "Praise be to God"
Mat 21:10
all the city was stirred
Here "city" refers to the people living there. Alternate Translation: "many people from all over the city were stirred"
Mat 21:16
Out of the mouths of little children and nursing infants you have prepared praise
The phrase "out of the mouths" refers to speaking. Alternate Translation: "You caused little children and nursing infants to prepare to give praise to God"
Mat 21:25
From heaven
Here "heaven" refers to God. Alternate Translation: "from God in heaven"
Mat 21:31
the tax collectors and the prostitutes will enter the kingdom of God before you do
Here "kingdom of God" refers to God's rule as king. Alternate Translation: "when God establishes his rule on earth, he will agree to bless the tax collectors and prostitutes by ruling over them before he agrees to do that for you"
Mat 21:42
it is marvelous in our eyes
Here "in our eyes" refers to seeing. Alternate Translation: "it is wonderful to see"
Mat 21:43
the kingdom of God will be taken away from you and will be given to a nation
Here "kingdom of God" refers to God's rule as king. This can be stated in active form. Alternate Translation: "God will take his kingdom away from you and will give it to a nation" or "God will reject you, the Jewish people, and he will be king over people from other nations"
Mat 22:13
the outer darkness
Here "outer darkness" is a metonym for the place where God sends those who reject them. This is a place that is completely separated from God forever. See how you translated this in [Matthew 8:12](../08/12.md). Alternate Translation: "the dark place away from God"
Mat 22:37
with all your heart, with all your soul, and with all your mind
These three phrases are used together to mean "completely" or "earnestly." Here "heart" and "soul" are metonyms for a person's inner being.
Mat 22:40
On these two commandments depend the whole law and the prophets
Here the phrase "the whole law and the prophets" refers to all of scripture. Alternate Translation: "Everything that Moses and the prophets wrote in the scriptures is based on these two commandments"
Mat 22:46
to answer him a word
Here "word" refers to what people say. Alternate Translation: "to answer him anything" or "to answer him"
Mat 23:2
sit in Moses' seat
Here "seat" represents the authority to rule and make judgments. Alternate Translation: "have authority as Moses had" or "have authority to say what the law of Moses means"
Mat 23:30
shedding the blood of
Here "blood" refers to life. To shed blood means to kill. Alternate Translation: "killing" or "murdering"
Mat 23:34
from the blood ... to the blood
Here the word "blood" represents a person being killed. Alternate Translation: "from the murder ... to the murder"
Mat 23:35
from the blood ... to the blood
Here the word "blood" represents a person being killed. Alternate Translation: "from the murder ... to the murder"
Mat 23:38
your house
Possible meanings are 1) "the city of Jerusalem" or 2) "the temple."
Mat 23:39
Blessed is he who comes in the name of the Lord
Here "in the name" means "in the power" or "as a representative." See how you translated this in [Matthew 21:9](../21/09.md). Alternate Translation: "He who comes in the power of the Lord is blessed" or "He who comes as the representative of the Lord will be blessed"
Mat 24:5
many will come in my name
Here "name" refers to "in the authority" or "as the representative" of someone. Alternate Translation: "many will claim that they have come as my representative" or "many will say they speak for me"
Mat 24:9
for my name's sake
Here "name" refers to the complete person. Alternate Translation: "because you believe in me"
Mat 24:14
This gospel of the kingdom will be preached
Here "kingdom" refers to God's rule as king. This can be stated in active form. Alternate Translation: "People will speak this message about God's rule"
Mat 24:14
all the nations
Here, "nations" stands for people. Alternate Translation: "all people in all places"
Mat 24:30
all the tribes
Here "tribes" refers to people. Alternate Translation: "all the people of the tribes" or "all the people"
Mat 24:35
my words will never pass away
Here "words" refers to what Jesus has said. Alternate Translation: "what I say will always be true"
Mat 24:36
that day and hour
Here "day" and "hour" refer to the exact time that the Son of Man will return.
Mat 24:48
says in his heart
Here "heart" refers to the mind. Alternate Translation: "thinks in his mind"
Mat 25:1
the kingdom of heaven will be like
Here "kingdom of heaven" refers to God's rule as king. The phrase "kingdom of heaven" is used only in Matthew. If possible, use "heaven" in your translation. See how you translated this in [Matthew 13:24](../13/24.md). Alternate Translation: "when our God in heaven shows himself to be king, it will be like"
Mat 25:13
you do not know the day or the hour
Here "day" and "hour" refer to an exact time. The implied information can be stated explicitly. Alternate Translation: "you do not know the exact time when the Son of Man will return"
Mat 25:30
the outer darkness
Here "outer darkness" is a metonym for the place where God sends those who reject them. This is a place that is completely separated from God forever. See how you translated this in [Matthew 8:12](../08/12.md). Alternate Translation: "the dark place away from God"
Mat 25:32
all the nations
Here "nations" refers to people. Alternate Translation: "all people from every country"
Mat 25:34
inherit the kingdom prepared for you
Here "kingdom" refers to God's rule as king. Alternate Translation: "receive the blessings of God's rule that he has planned to give you"
Mat 26:27
a cup
Here "cup" refers to the cup and the wine in it.
Mat 26:29
in my Father's kingdom
Here "kingdom" refers to God's rule as king. Alternate Translation: "when my Father establishes his rule on earth"
Mat 26:34
before the rooster crows
Roosters often crow about the time the sun comes up, so the hearers might have understood these words as a metonym for the sun coming up. However, the actual crowing of a rooster is an important part of the story later on, so keep the word "rooster" in the translation.
Mat 26:39
this cup
Here "cup" is a metonym that stands for the cup and the contents within it. The contents in the cup are a metaphor for the suffering that Jesus will have to endure. Jesus is asking the Father if it is possible for him not to have to experience the death and suffering that Jesus knows will soon happen.
Mat 26:41
The spirit indeed is willing, but the flesh is weak
Here "spirit" is a metonym that stands for a person's desires to do good. "Flesh" stands for the needs and desires of a person's body. Jesus means that the disciples may have the desire to do what God wants, but as humans they are weak and often fail.
Mat 26:45
betrayed into the hands of sinners
Here "hands" refers to power or control. Alternate Translation: "betrayed into the power of sinners" or "betrayed so that sinners will have power over him"
Mat 26:52
who take up the sword
The word "sword" is a metonym for the act of killing someone with a sword. The implied information can be stated explicitly. Alternate Translation: "who pick up a sword to kill others" or "who want to kill other people"
Mat 26:64
sitting at the right hand of Power
Here "Power" is metonym that represents God. To sit at the "right hand of God" is a symbolic action of receiving great honor and authority from God. Alternate Translation: "sitting in the place of honor beside the all-powerful God"
Mat 27:9
the people of Israel
This refers to those among the people of Israel who paid to kill Jesus. Alternate Translation: "some of the people of Israel" or "the leaders of Israel"
Mat 27:24
the blood
Here "blood" refers to a person's death. Alternate Translation: "the death"
Mat 27:25
May his blood be on us and our children
Here "blood" is a metonym that stands for a person's death. The phrase "be on us and our children" is an idiom that means they accept the responsibility of what is happening. Alternate Translation: "Yes! We and our descendants will be responsible for executing him"
Mat 28:19
of all the nations
Here "nations" refers to the people. Alternate Translation: "of all the people in every nation"
Mat 28:19
into the name
Here "name" refers to authority. Alternate Translation: "by the authority"
Mrk 1:11
A voice came out of the heavens
This represents God speaking. Sometimes people avoid referring directly to God because they respect him. Alternate Translation: "God spoke from the heavens"
Mrk 1:33
The whole city gathered together at the door
The word "city" is a metonym for the people who lived in the city. Here the word "whole" is probably a generalization to emphasize that most people from the city gathered. Alternate Translation: "Many people from that city gathered outside the door"
Mrk 2:6
reasoned in their hearts
Here "their hearts" is a metonym for the people's thoughts. Alternate Translation: "were thinking to themselves"
Mrk 2:8
this in your hearts
The word "hearts" is a metonym for their inner thoughts and desires. Alternate Translation: "this inside yourselves" or "these things"
Mrk 3:4
a life
This refers to physical life and is a metonym for a person. Alternate Translation: "someone from dying" or "someone's life"
Mrk 3:24
If a kingdom is divided against itself
The word "kingdom" is a metonym for the people who live in the kingdom. Alternate Translation: "If the people who live in a kingdom are divided against each other"
Mrk 3:25
house
This is a metonym for the people who live in a house. Alternate Translation: "family" or "household"
Mrk 4:9
let him hear
Here the word "hear" means to pay attention. Alternate Translation: "let him listen carefully" or "must pay careful attention to what I am saying"
Mrk 4:14
the one who sows the word
The "word" represents God's message. Sowing the message represents teaching it. Alternate Translation: "the one who teaches people God's message"
Mrk 4:29
he immediately sends in the sickle
Here "the sickle" is a metonym that stands for the farmer or the people whom the farmer sends out to harvest the grain. Alternate Translation: "he immediately goes into the field with a sickle to harvest the grain" or "he immediately sends people with sickles into the field to harvest the grain"
Mrk 6:10
remain until you go away from there
Here "remain" represents daily going back to that house to eat and sleep there. Alternate Translation: "eat and sleep in that house until you leave that place"
Mrk 6:16
whom I beheaded
Here Herod uses the word "I" to refer to himself. The word "I" is a metonym for Herod's soldiers. Alternate Translation: "whom I commanded my soldiers to behead"
Mrk 6:19
wanted to kill him, but she could not
Herodias is the subject of this phrase and "she" is a metonym as she wants someone else to execute John. Alternate Translation: "she wanted someone to kill him, but she could not have him killed"
Mrk 6:52
what the loaves meant
Here the phrase "the loaves" refers to when Jesus multiplied the loaves of bread. Alternate Translation: "what it meant when Jesus multiplied the loaves of bread" or "what it meant when Jesus caused the few loaves to become many"
Mrk 7:6
with their lips
Here "lips" is a metonym for speaking. Alternate Translation: "by what they say"
Mrk 7:6
but their heart is far from me
Here "heart" refers to a person's thoughts or emotions. This is a way of saying the people are not truly devoted to God. Alternate Translation: "but they do not really love me"
Mrk 7:19
it cannot go into his heart
Here "heart" is a metonym for a person's inner being or mind. Here Jesus means that food does not affect a person's character. Alternate Translation: "it cannot go into his inner being" or "it cannot go into his mind"
Mrk 7:21
out of the heart, proceed evil thoughts
Here "heart" is a metonym for a person's inner being or mind. Alternate Translation: "out of the inner being, come evil thoughts" or "out of the mind, come evil thoughts"
Mrk 7:37
the deaf ... the mute
These refer to people. Alternate Translation: "deaf people ... mute people" or "people who cannot hear ... people who cannot speak"
Mrk 8:11
a sign from heaven
They wanted a sign that would prove that Jesus' power and authority were from God. Possible meanings are 1) The word "heaven" is a metonym for God. Alternate Translation: "a sign from God" or 2) the word "heaven" refers to the sky. Alternate Translation: "a sign from the sky"
Mrk 8:17
Have your hearts become so dull?
Here "hearts" is a metonym for a person's mind. The phrase "hearts become so dull" is a metaphor for not being able or willing to understand something. Jesus uses a question to scold the disciples. This can be written as a statement. Alternate Translation: "Your thinking has become so dull!" or "You are so slow to understand what I mean!"
Mrk 8:19
the five thousand
This refers to the 5,000 people Jesus fed. Alternate Translation: "the 5,000 people"
Mrk 8:20
the four thousand
This refers to the 4,000 people Jesus fed. Alternate Translation: "the 4,000 people"
Mrk 8:34
take up his cross, and follow me
carry his cross and follow me. The cross represents suffering and death. Taking up the cross represents being willing to suffer and die. Alternate Translation: "must obey me even to the point of suffering and dying"
Mrk 9:1
the kingdom of God come with power
The kingdom of God coming represents God showing himself as king. Alternate Translation: "God show himself with great power as king"
Mrk 9:7
Then a voice came out of the cloud
Here "a voice came out" is a metonym for someone speaking. It can also be stated clearly who spoke. Alternate Translation: "Then someone spoke from the cloud" or "Then God spoke from the cloud"
Mrk 9:9
risen from the dead ... rising from the dead
risen from among the dead ... to rise from among the dead. This speaks of becoming alive again. The phrase "the dead" refers to "dead people" and is a metonym for death. Alternate Translation: "risen from death ... rising from death"
Mrk 9:10
risen from the dead ... rising from the dead
risen from among the dead ... to rise from among the dead. This speaks of becoming alive again. The phrase "the dead" refers to "dead people" and is a metonym for death. Alternate Translation: "risen from death ... rising from death"
Mrk 9:31
into the hands of men
Here "hands" is a metonym for control. Alternate Translation: "into the control of men" or "so that men will be able to control him"
Mrk 9:38
in your name
Here "name" is associated with Jesus' authority and power. Alternate Translation: "by the authority of your name" or "by the power of your name"
Mrk 9:43
If your hand causes you to stumble
Here "hand" is a metonym for desiring to do something sinful that you would do with your hand. Alternate Translation: "If you want to do something sinful with one of your hands"
Mrk 9:45
If your foot causes you to stumble
Here the word "foot" is a metonym for desiring to do something sinful that you would do with your feet, such as going to a place you should not go to. Alternate Translation: "If you want to do something sinful with one of your feet"
Mrk 9:47
If your eye causes you to stumble, tear it out
Here the word "eye" is a metonym for either 1) desiring to sin by looking at something. Alternate Translation: "If you want to do something sinful by looking at something, tear your eye out" or 2) Desiring to sin because of what you have looked at. Alternate Translation: "If you want to do something sinful because of what you look at, tear your eye out"
Mrk 10:5
your hard hearts
Here "hearts" is a metonym for a person's inner being or mind. The phrase "hard hearts" is a metaphor for "stubbornness." Alternate Translation: "your stubbornness"
Mrk 10:21
give it to the poor
Here the word "it" refers to the things he sells and is a metonym for the money he receives when he sells them. Alternate Translation: "give the money to the poor"
Mrk 10:37
in your glory
when you are glorified. The phrase "in your glory" refers to when Jesus is glorified and rules over his kingdom. Alternate Translation: "when you rule in your kingdom"
Mrk 11:9
in the name of the Lord
This is a metonym for the Lord's authority. Alternate Translation: "the authority of the Lord"
Mrk 11:10
of our father David
Here David's descendant who will rule is referred to as David himself. Alternate Translation: "of the greatest descendant of our father David" or "that David's greatest descendant will rule"
Mrk 11:23
if he does not doubt in his heart but believes
Here "heart" is a metonym for a person's mind or inner being. Alternate Translation: "if he truly believes in his heart" or "if he does not doubt but believes"
Mrk 11:30
from heaven
Here "heaven" refers to God. Alternate Translation: "from God"
Mrk 11:31
From heaven
Here "heaven" refers to God. See how you translated this in [Mark 11:30](./30.md). Alternate Translation: "From God"
Mrk 12:17
Give to Caesar the things that are Caesar's
Jesus is teaching that his people must respect the government by paying taxes. This figure of speech can be clarified by changing Caesar to Roman government. Alternate Translation: "Give to the Roman government the things that belong to the Roman government"
Mrk 12:30
with all your heart, with all your soul, with all your mind, and with all your strength
Here "heart" and "soul" are metonyms for a person's inner being. These four phrases are used together to mean "completely" or "earnestly."
Mrk 12:33
with all the heart ... all the understanding ... all the strength
Here "heart" is a metonym for person's thoughts, feelings, or inner being. These three phrases are used together to mean "completely" or "earnestly."
Mrk 13:6
in my name
Possible meanings are 1) "claiming my authority" or 2) "claiming that God sent them."
Mrk 13:13
because of my name
Jesus uses the metonym "my name" to refer to himself. Alternate Translation: "because of me" or "because you believe in me"
Mrk 13:27
he will gather
The word "he" refers to God and is a metonym for his angels, as they are the ones who will gather the elect. Alternate Translation: "they will gather" or "his angels will gather"
Mrk 14:12
eat the Passover
Here the "Passover" refers to the Passover meal. Alternate Translation: "eat the Passover meal"
Mrk 14:36
Remove this cup from me
Jesus speaks of the suffering that he must endure as if it were a cup.
Mrk 14:38
The spirit ... the flesh
These refer to two different aspects of Peter. "The spirit" is his inmost desires. "The flesh" is his human ability and strength.
Mrk 14:55
they might put him to death
They were not the ones who would execute Jesus; rather, they would order someone else to do it. Alternate Translation: "they might have Jesus executed" or "they might have someone execute Jesus"
Mrk 14:62
he sits at the right hand of power
Here "power" is a metonnymm that represents God. To sit at the "right hand of God" is a symbolic action of receiving great honor and authority from God. Alternate Translation: "he sits in the place of honor beside the all-powerful God"
Mrk 15:1
they bound Jesus and led him away
They commanded for Jesus to be bound, but it would have been the guards who actually bound him and led him away. Alternate Translation: "they commanded for Jesus to be bound and then he was led away" or "they commanded the guards to bind Jesus and then they led him away"
Mrk 15:46
He took him down ... Then he rolled a stone
You may need to make explicit that Joseph probably had help from other people when he took Jesus' body down from the cross, prepared it for the tomb, and closed the tomb. Alternate Translation: "He and others took him down ... Then they rolled a stone"
Mrk 16:14
they were reclining at the table
This is a metonym for eating, which was the usual way people in that day ate meals. Alternate Translation: "they were eating a meal"
Mrk 16:15
Go into all the world
Here "the world" is a metonym for the people in the world. Alternate Translation: "Go everywhere there are people"
Mrk 16:15
the entire creation
This is an exaggeration and a metonym for people everywhere. Alternate Translation: "absolutely everybody"
Mrk 16:17
In my name
Here "name" is associated with Jesus' authority and power. See how "in your name" is translated in [Mark 9:38](../09/38.md). Alternate Translation: "By the authority of my name" or "By the power of my name"
Luk 1:32
give him the throne of his ancestor David
The throne represents the king's authority to rule. Alternate Translation: "give him authority to rule as king as his ancestor David did"
Luk 1:44
when the sound of your greeting came to my ears
Hearing a sound is spoken of as if the sound came to the ears. Alternate Translation: "when I heard the sound of your greeting"
Luk 1:49
his name
Here "name" refers to the entire person of God. Alternate Translation: "he"
Luk 1:51
displayed strength with his arm
Here "his arm" is a metonym that stands for God's power. Alternate Translation: "shown that he is very powerful"
Luk 1:66
the hand of the Lord was with him
The phrase "the hand of the Lord" refers to the Lord's power. Alternate Translation: "the Lord's power was with him" or "the Lord was working in him powerfully"
Luk 1:69
in the house of his servant David
David's "house" here represents his family, specifically, his descendants. Alternate Translation: "in the family of his servant David" or "who is a descendant of his servant David"
Luk 1:70
he spoke by the mouth of his holy prophets from long ago
God speaking by the prophets' mouths represents God causing his prophets to say what he wanted them to say. Alternate Translation: "he caused his holy prophets who lived long ago to say"
Luk 1:71
hand
The hand is a metonym for the power that the person uses the hand to exercise. Alternate Translation: "power" or "control"
Luk 1:74
out of the hand of our enemies
Here "hand" refers to the control or power a person. This could be stated clearly. Alternate Translation: "from the control of our enemies"
Luk 1:77
to give knowledge of salvation ... by the forgiveness of their sins
The phrase "give knowledge" is a metaphor for teaching. The abstract nouns "salvation" and "forgiveness" can be expressed with the verbs "save" and "forgive." Alternate Translation: "to teach his people salvation through the forgiveness of their sins" or "to teach his people how God saves people by forgiving their sins"
Luk 2:25
consolation of Israel
The word "Israel" is a metonym for the people of Israel. To "console" someone is to give them comfort, or "consolation." The words "consolation of Israel" are a metonym for the Christ or Messiah who would comfort or bring consolation to the people of Israel. Alternate Translation: "the one who would comfort the people of Israel"
Luk 2:29
according to your word
Word here is a metonym for "promise." Alternate Translation: "as you have promised"
Luk 2:30
your salvation
This expression refers to the person who would bring salvation—the infant Jesus—whom Simeon was holding. Alternate Translation: "the savior whom you sent" or "the one whom you sent to save"
Luk 2:35
the thoughts of many hearts may be revealed
Here "hearts" is a metonym for people's inner beings. This can be stated in active form. Alternate Translation: "he may reveal the thoughts of many people" or "he may reveal what many people secretly think"
Luk 2:38
the redemption of Jerusalem
Here the word "redemption" is used to refer to the person who would do it. Alternate Translation: "the one who would redeem Jerusalem" or "the person who would bring God's blessings and favor back to Jerusalem"
Luk 2:51
treasured all these things in her heart
Here "heart" is a metonym for a person's mind or inner being. Alternate Translation: "carefully remembered all these things"
Luk 3:7
from the wrath that is coming
The word "wrath" is used here to refer to God's punishment because his wrath precedes it. Alternate Translation: "from the punishment that God is sending" or "from God's wrath on which he is about to act"
Luk 3:22
a voice came from heaven
Here "a voice came from heaven" represents people on earth hearing God in heaven speaking. It can be made clear that God spoke to Jesus. Alternate Translation: "a voice from heaven said" or "God spoke to Jesus from heaven, saying"
Luk 5:22
in your hearts
Here "hearts" is a metonym for people's minds or inner beings.
Luk 6:45
out of the abundance of the heart his mouth speaks
Here "heart" represents the person's mind or inner being. The phrase "his mouth" represents the person as a whole. Alternate Translation: "what he thinks in his heart affects what he says with his mouth" or "a person will speak aloud what truly values inside of himself"
Luk 8:12
The ones along the path are those
The seeds that fell along the path are those. Jesus tells what happens to the seeds as it relates to people. Alternate Translation: "The seeds that fell along the path represent people" or "In the parable, the seeds that fell along the path represent people"
Luk 8:12
are those who
Jesus speaks of the seeds showing something about people as if the seeds were the people. Alternate Translation: "show what happens to people who"
Luk 8:12
the devil comes and takes away the word from their hearts
Here "hearts is a metonym for people's minds or inner beings. Alternate Translation: "the devil comes and takes away the message of God from their inner thoughts"
Luk 8:13
The ones on the rock are those
The seeds that fell on the rocky soil are those. Jesus tells what happens to the seeds as it relates to people. Alternate Translation: "The seeds that fell on the rocky soil represent people" or "In the parable the seeds that fell on the rocky soil represent people"
Luk 8:14
The seeds that fell among the thorns are people
The seeds that fell among the thorns represent people or "In the parable the seeds that fell among the thorns represent people"
Luk 8:15
the seed that fell on the good soil, these are the ones
the seed that fell on the good soil represents the people or "in the parable the seed that fell on the good soil represents the people"
Luk 8:15
with an honest and good heart
Here "heart" is a metonym for a person's thoughts or intentions. Alternate Translation: "with an honest and good desire"
Luk 9:23
take up his cross daily and follow me
carry his cross and follow me every day. The cross represents suffering and death. Taking up the cross represents being willing to suffer and die. Alternate Translation: "must obey me every day even to the point of suffering and dying"
Luk 9:47
knowing the reasoning in their hearts
Here "hearts" is a metonym for their minds. Alternate Translation: "knowing the reasoning in their minds" or "knowing what they were thinking"
Luk 9:48
in my name
This refers to a person doing something as a representative of Jesus. Alternate Translation: "because of me"
Luk 9:49
in your name
This means the person was speaking with the power and authority of Jesus.
Luk 10:5
May peace be on this house
This was both a greeting and a blessing. Here "house" refers to those who live in the house. Alternate Translation: "May the people in this household receive peace"
Luk 10:12
it will be more tolerable for Sodom than for that town
God will not judge Sodom as severely as he will judge that town. Alternate Translation: "God will judge the people of that town more severely than he will judge the people of Sodom"
Luk 10:17
in your name
Here "name" refers to Jesus' power and authority.
Luk 10:27
with all your heart, with all your soul, with all your strength, and with all your mind
Here "heart" and "soul" are metonyms for a person's inner being. These four phrases are used together to mean "completely" or "earnestly."
Luk 10:39
heard his word
This refers to everything that Jesus taught while at Martha's house. Alternate Translation: "listened to the Lord teach"
Luk 11:2
may your name be sanctified
cause everyone to honor your name. "Name" often refers to the entire person. Alternate Translation: "may all people honor you"
Luk 11:2
May your kingdom come
The action of God ruling over everyone is spoken of as if it were God himself. Alternate Translation: "May you come and rule over everyone"
Luk 11:17
Every kingdom divided against itself is made desolate
kingdom here refers to the people in it. This can also be stated in active form. Alternate Translation: "If people of a kingdom fight among themselves, they will destroy their kingdom"
Luk 11:17
a house divided against itself falls
Here "house" refers to a family. Alternate Translation: "if family members fight each other, they will ruin their family"
Luk 11:18
If Satan is divided against himself
Satan here is referring to the demons who follow Satan as well as to Satan himself. Alternate Translation: "If Satan and members of his kingdom are fighting among themselves"
Luk 11:20
by the finger of God
The "finger of God" refers to God's power.
Luk 11:34
Your eye
The eye is a metonym for vision.
Luk 11:34
When your eye is good
Here "eye" here is a metonym for vision. Alternate Translation: "When your vision is good" or "when you see well"
Luk 11:34
when your eye is bad
Here "eye" is a metonym for vision. Alternate Translation: "When your vision is bad" or "when you see poorly"
Luk 11:50
This generation, then, will be held responsible for all the blood of the prophets shed
The people to whom Jesus is speaking will be held responsible for the murder of the prophets by their ancestors. Alternate Translation: "Therefore, God will hold this generation responsible for all the deaths of the prophets that people have killed"
Luk 11:50
the blood of the prophets shed
The "blood ... shed" refers to the blood spilled when they were killed. Alternate Translation: "the murder of the prophets"
Luk 12:3
whatever you have said in the darkness will be heard in the light
Here "darkness" is a metonym for "night" which is a metonym for "private. And "light" is a metonym for "day" which is a metonym for "public. The phrase "will be heard" can be stated in active form. Alternate Translation: "whatever you have said privately at night, people will hear it in the daylight"
Luk 12:30
all the nations of the world
Here "nations" refers to "unbelievers." Alternate Translation: "all people of other nations" or "all the unbelievers in the world"
Luk 12:34
your heart
Here "heart" refers to a person's thoughts.
Luk 12:45
says in his heart
Here "heart" is a metonym for a person's mind or inner being. Alternate Translation: "thinks to himself"
Luk 13:1
whose blood Pilate mixed with their own sacrifices
Pilate probably ordered his soldiers to kill people rather than doing it himself. Alternate Translation: "whom Pilate's soldiers killed as they were sacrificing animals"
Luk 13:34
who kills the prophets and stones those sent to you
If it would be strange to address the city, you can make it clear that Jesus was really addressing the people in the city: "you people who kill the prophets and stone those sent to you"
Luk 13:34
to gather your children
The people of Jerusalem are described as her "children." Alternate Translation: "to gather your people" or "to gather the people of Jerusalem"
Luk 13:35
the name of the Lord
Here "name" refers to the Lord's power and authority.
Luk 15:18
I have sinned against heaven
Jewish people sometimes avoided saying the word "God" and used the word "heaven" instead. Alternate Translation: "I have sinned against God"
Luk 15:21
sinned against heaven
Jewish people sometimes avoided saying the word "God" and used the word "heaven" instead. See how you translated this in [Luke 15:18](./18.md). Alternate Translation: "I have sinned against God"
Luk 16:9
by means of unrighteous wealth
Possible meanings are 1) Jesus uses hyperbole when he calls money "unrighteous" because it has no eternal value. Alternate Translation: "by using money, which has no eternal value" or "by using worldly money" or 2) Jesus uses metonymy when he calls money "unrighteous" because people sometimes earn it or use it in unrighteous ways. Alternate Translation: "by using even money that you earned dishonestly"
Luk 16:11
unrighteous wealth
See how you translated this in [Luke 16:09](./09.md). Possible meanings are 1) Jesus uses metonymy when he calls money "unrighteous" because people sometimes earn it or use it in unrighteous ways. Alternate Translation: "even money that you earned dishonestly" or 2) Jesus uses hyperbole when he calls money "unrighteous" because it has no eternal value. Alternate Translation: "money, which has no eternal value" or "by using worldly money"
Luk 16:15
God knows your hearts
Here "hearts" refers to the desires of people. Alternate Translation: "God understands your true desires" or "God knows your motives"
Luk 16:29
Moses and the prophets
This refers to their writings. Alternate Translation: "what Moses and the prophets wrote"
Luk 16:31
If they do not listen to Moses and the prophets
Here "Moses and the prophets" represent the things that they wrote. Alternate Translation: "If they do not pay attention to what Moses and the prophets wrote"
Luk 18:42
Your faith has healed you
These words are a metonym. It was because of the man's faith that Jesus healed the man. Alternate Translation: "I have healed you because you believed in me"
Luk 19:9
this house
The word "house" here refers to the people living in the house or the family.
Luk 19:22
By your own words
His "words" refer to all that he had said. Alternate Translation: "Based on what you have said"
Luk 19:38
in the name of the Lord
Here "name" refers to power and authority. Also, "Lord" refers to God.
Luk 19:38
glory in the highest
May there be glory in the highest or "We want to see glory in the highest." The words "the highest" refer to heaven, which is a metonym for God, who lives in heaven. Alternate Translation: "Let everyone give glory to God in the highest heaven"
Luk 19:41
he wept over it
The word "it" refers to the city of Jerusalem, but it represents the people who lived in that city.
Luk 19:42
they are hidden from your eyes
your eyes refer to the ability to see. This can be stated in active form. Alternate Translation: "you can no longer see them"
Luk 20:4
from heaven
from God. Jewish people avoided referring to God by his name "Yahweh." Often they used the word "heaven" to refer to him.
Luk 20:5
From heaven
From God. Jewish people avoided referring to God by his name "Yahweh." Often they used the word "heaven" to refer to him. See how these words are translated in [Luke 20:4](./04.md).
Luk 20:19
sought to lay hands on him
In this verse, to "lay hands on" someone is to arrest that person. Alternate Translation: "looked for a way to arrest Jesus"
Luk 20:22
Caesar
Because Caesar was the ruler of the Roman government, they could refer to the Roman government by Caesar's name.
Luk 20:25
Caesar
Here "Caesar" refers to the Roman government.
Luk 21:8
in my name
People coming in his name claim to represent him. Alternate Translation: "claiming to be me" or "claiming to have my authority"
Luk 21:10
Nation will rise against nation
Here "nation" is a metonym for the people of the nation, and "rise against" is a metonym for attack. The word "nation" represents nations in general, not one particular nation. Alternate Translation: "The people of one nation will attack the people of other nations" or "The people of some nations will attack the people of other nations"
Luk 21:12
they will lay their hands on you
they will grab you. This expression refers to people exercising authority over the disciples. Alternate Translation: "they will arrest you"
Luk 21:12
because of my name
The word "name" is here used to refer to Jesus himself. Alternate Translation: "because of me" or "because you follow me"
Luk 21:14
resolve in your hearts
Here "hearts" is a metonym for people's minds. Alternate Translation: "make up your mind" or "decide firmly"
Luk 21:17
because of my name
my name here refers to Jesus. Alternate Translation: "because of me" or "because you follow me"
Luk 21:24
They will fall by the edge of the sword
They will be killed by the edge of the sword. Here "fall by the edge of the sword" represents being killed by enemy soldiers. Alternate Translation: "Enemy soldiers will kill them"
Luk 21:28
lift up your heads
Lifting the head is a metonym for looking up. When they lift their heads up, they will be able to see their rescuer coming to them. Alternate Translation: "look up"
Luk 21:28
because your deliverance is coming near
God, who delivers, is spoken of as if he were the deliverance that he causes. The word "deliverance" is an abstract noun that can be translated as a verb. Alternate Translation: "because God will soon deliver you"
Luk 21:31
the kingdom of God is near
God will soon establish his kingdom. Alternate Translation: "God will soon rule as king"
Luk 21:33
my words will never pass away
my words will never cease to exist or "my words will never fail." Jesus uses "words" here to refer to everything he says.
Luk 21:34
so that your hearts are not burdened
The "heart" here refers to the mind and thoughts of the person. Alternate Translation: "so that you are not occupied"
Luk 22:17
share it among yourselves
They were to share the contents of the cup, and not the cup itself. Alternate Translation: "share the wine in the cup among yourselves" or "each of you drink some of the wine from the cup"
Luk 22:20
This cup
The word "cup" refers to the wine in the cup. Alternate Translation: "The wine in this cup" or "This cup of wine"
Luk 22:20
which is poured out for you
Jesus speaks of his death by referring to his blood being poured out. Alternate Translation: "which is poured out in death for you" or "which will flow out of my wounds for you when I die"
Luk 22:30
you will sit on thrones
Kings sit on thrones. Sitting on a throne is a symbol of ruling. Alternate Translation: "you will work as kings" or "you will do the work of kings"
Luk 22:34
the rooster will not crow
Here, the crowing of the rooster refers to a certain time of day. Roosters often crow just before the sun appears in the morning. Therefore, this refers to dawn.
Luk 22:35
purse
A purse is a bag for holding money. Here it is used to refer to "money."
Luk 22:53
lay your hands on me
In this verse, to lay hands on someone is to arrest that person. Alternate Translation: "arrest me"
Luk 22:53
the authority of darkness
This refers to the evil ruler, Satan. Alternate Translation: "the time of the ruler of darkness" or "the time for Satan to act"
Luk 22:69
the power of God
the all-powerful God. Here "power" refers to his supreme authority.
Luk 22:71
heard from his own mouth
The phrase "his own mouth" refers to his speech. Alternate Translation: "heard him say that he believes he is the Son of God"
Luk 23:2
to Caesar
Caesar represents the Emperor of Rome. Alternate Translation: "to the Emperor"
Luk 23:28
do not weep for me, but weep for yourselves and for your children
The person is a metonym for what happens to the person. Alternate Translation: "do not weep about the bad things that will happen to me. Instead, weep because worse things will happen to you and to your children" or "you are weeping because bad things are happening to me, but you will weep even more when worse things happen to you and your children"
Luk 23:42
come into your kingdom
To "come into" a kingdom means to begin to rule. Alternate Translation: "begin to rule as king"
Luk 23:46
into your hands I commit my spirit
The phrase into your hands" refers to God's care. Alternate Translation: "I entrust my spirit to your care" or "I give my spirit to you, knowing you will care for it"
Luk 24:7
into the hands
Here "hands" refers to power or control.
Luk 24:8
remembered his words
Here "words" refers to the statement that Jesus made. Alternate Translation: "remembered what Jesus said"
Luk 24:25
slow of heart to believe
Here "heart" is a metonym for a person's mind. Alternate Translation: "your minds are slow to believe" or "you are slow to believe"
Luk 24:27
beginning from Moses
Moses wrote the first books of the Bible. Alternate Translation: "beginning with the writings of Moses"
Luk 24:31
Then their eyes were opened
Their "eyes" represent their understanding. This can be stated in active form. Alternate Translation: "Then they understood" or "Then they realized"
Luk 24:47
in his name
His "name" here refers to his authority. Alternate Translation: "by the Christ's authority"
Jhn 1:4
In him was life, and the life was the light of men
In him was life is a metonym for causing everything to live. And, "light" here is a metaphor for "truth." Alternate Translation: "He is the one who caused everything to live. And he revealed to people what is true about God"
Jhn 1:10
the world did not know him
The "world" is a metonym that stands for all the people who live in the world. Alternate Translation: "the people did not know who he really was"
Jhn 1:12
believed in his name
The word "name" is a metonym that stands for Jesus' identity and everything about him. Alternate Translation: "believed in him"
Jhn 1:23
I am a voice, crying in the wilderness
John is saying that Isaiah's prophecy is about himself. The word "voice" here refers to the person who is crying out in the wilderness. Alternate Translation: "I am the one calling out in the wilderness"
Jhn 1:29
world
The word "world" is a metonym and refers to all the people in the world.
Jhn 2:4
My time has not yet come
The word "time" is a metonym that represents the right occasion for Jesus to show that he is the Messiah by working miracles. Alternate Translation: "It is not yet the right time for me to perform a mighty act"
Jhn 2:23
believed in his name
Here "name" is a metonym that represents the person of Jesus. Alternate Translation: "believed in him" or "trusted in him"
Jhn 3:16
God so loved the world
Here "world" is a metonym that refers to everyone in the world.
Jhn 3:27
it has been given to him from heaven
Here "heaven" is used as a metonym to refer to God. This can be stated in an active form. Alternate Translation: "God has given it to him"
Jhn 3:31
He who is from the earth is from the earth and speaks about the earth
John means that Jesus is greater than he is since Jesus is from heaven, and John was born on the earth. Alternate Translation: "He who is born in this world is like everyone else who lives in the world and he speaks about what happens in this world"
Jhn 4:41
his word
Here "word" is a metonym that stands for the message that Jesus proclaimed. Alternate Translation: "his message"
Jhn 4:42
world
The "world" is a metonym for all the believers throughout the world. Alternate Translation: "all the believers in the world"
Jhn 4:50
believed the word
Here "word" is a metonym that refers to the message that Jesus spoke. Alternate Translation: "believed the message"
Jhn 5:24
he who hears my word
Here "word" is a metonym that represents the message of Jesus. Alternate Translation: "anyone who hears my message"
Jhn 5:43
in my Father's name
Here the word "name" is a metonym that symbolizes God's power and authority. Alternate Translation: "I have come with my Father's authority"
Jhn 5:43
If another should come in his own name
The word "name" is a metonym that represents authority. Alternate Translation: "If another should come in his own authority"
Jhn 5:45
The one who accuses you is Moses, in whom you have put your hope
Moses here is a metonym here that stands for the law itself. Alternate Translation: "Moses accuses you in the Law, the very Law in which you have put your hopes"
Jhn 6:33
the world
Here the "world" is a metonym for all of the people in the world who trust in Jesus.
Jhn 6:51
for the life of the world
Here "the world" is a metonym that represents the lives of all the people in the world. Alternate Translation: "that will give life to all the people in the world"
Jhn 6:63
words
Possible meanings are 1) Jesus' words in [John 6:32-58](./32.md) or 2) everything Jesus teaches.
Jhn 7:4
the world
Here "the world" is a metonym for all of the people in the world. Alternate Translation: "all people" or "everyone"
Jhn 7:6
My time has not yet come
The word "time" is a metonym. Jesus is implying that it is not the right time for him to bring his ministry to a close. Alternate Translation: "It is not the right time for me to end my work"
Jhn 7:7
The world cannot hate you
Here the "world" is a metonym for the people who live in the world. Alternate Translation: "All the people in the world cannot hate you"
Jhn 7:30
his hour had not yet come
The word "hour" is a metonym that represents the right time for Jesus to be arrested, according to God's plan. Alternate Translation: "it was not the right time to arrest him"
Jhn 7:36
What is this word that he said
This "word" is a metonym which stands for the meaning of the message that Jesus had shared, which the Jewish leaders had failed to understand. Alternate Translation: "What is he talking about when he said"
Jhn 7:38
from his stomach
Here the stomach represents the inside of a person, specifically the non-physical part of a person. Alternate Translation: "from inside of him" or "from his heart"
Jhn 8:12
the world
This is a metonym for the people. Alternate Translation: "the people of the world"
Jhn 8:20
his hour had not yet come
The word "hour" is a metonym for the time for Jesus to die. Alternate Translation: "it was not yet the right time for Jesus to die"
Jhn 8:26
these things I say to the world
Here the "world" is a metonym for the people who live in the world. Alternate Translation: "these things I say to all the people"
Jhn 8:35
in the house
Here "house" is a metonym for "family." Alternate Translation: "as a permanent member of a family"
Jhn 8:37
my word has no place in you
Here "word" is a metonym for the "teachings" or "message" of Jesus, which the Jewish leaders do not accept. Alternate Translation: "you do not accept my teachings" or "you do not allow my message to change your life"
Jhn 8:43
It is because you cannot hear my words
Here "words" is a metonym for the "teachings" of Jesus. Alternate Translation: "It is because you will not accept my teachings.
Jhn 8:47
the words of God
Here "words" is a metonym for the "message" of God. Alternate Translation: "the message of God" or "the truth that comes from God"
Jhn 8:51
keeps my word
Here "word" is a metonym for the "teachings" of Jesus. Alternate Translation: "obeys my teachings" or "does what I say"
Jhn 8:55
keep his word
Here "word" is a metonym for what God says. Alternate Translation: "I obey what he says to do"
Jhn 8:56
my day
This is a metonym for what Jesus would accomplish during his life. Alternate Translation: "what I would do during my life"
Jhn 9:5
in the world
Here the "world" is a metonym for the people who live in the world. Alternate Translation: "living among the people of this world"
Jhn 9:39
came into this world
The "world" is a metonym for "the people who live in the world." Alternate Translation: "came to live among the people of this world"
Jhn 10:25
in the name of my Father
Here "name" is a metonym for the power of God. Here "Father" is an important title for God. Jesus performed miracles through his Father's power and authority. Alternate Translation: "through my Father's power" or "with my Father's power"
Jhn 10:28
no one will snatch them out of my hand
Here the word "hand" is a metonym that represents the protective care of Jesus. Alternate Translation: "no one will steal them away from me" or "they will remain secure forever in my care"
Jhn 10:29
the hand of the Father
The word "hand" is a metonym that refers to God's possession and protective care. Alternate Translation: "No one can steal them from my Father"
Jhn 10:39
went away out of their hand
The word "hand" is a metonym that represents the custody or possession of the Jewish leaders. Alternate Translation: "got away from them again"
Jhn 12:13
comes in the name of the Lord
Here the word "name" is a metonym for the person's authority and power. Alternate Translation: "comes as the representative of the Lord" or "comes in the power of the Lord"
Jhn 12:15
daughter of Zion
Daughter of Zion here is a metonym that refers to the people of Jerusalem. Alternate Translation: "you people of Jerusalem"
Jhn 12:19
the world
Here "the world" is a metonym that represents (in exaggeration) all of the people in the world. You may need to make explicit that the hearers would have understood that the Pharisees were speaking only of the people in Judea.
Jhn 12:27
this hour
Here "this hour" is a metonym that represents when Jesus would suffer and die on the cross.
Jhn 12:28
glorify your name
Here the word "name" is a metonym that refers to God. Alternate Translation: "make your glory known" or "reveal your glory"
Jhn 12:28
a voice came from heaven
This represents God speaking. Sometimes people avoid referring directly to God because they respect him. Alternate Translation: "God spoke from the heavens"
Jhn 12:31
Now is the judgment of this world
Here "this world" is a metonym that refers to all the people in the world. Alternate Translation: "Now is the time for God to judge all of the people"
Jhn 12:38
the arm of the Lord
This is a metonym that refers to the Lord's ability to rescue with power.
Jhn 12:40
he has hardened their hearts ... understand with their hearts
Here "hearts" is a metonym for a person's mind. The phrase "hardened their hearts" is a metaphor for making someone become stubborn. Also, to "understand with their hearts" means to "truly understand." Alternate Translation: "he has made them stubborn ... truly understand"
Jhn 12:46
the world
Here "the world" is a metonym that represents all of the people in the world.
Jhn 13:3
had given everything over into his hands
Here "his hands" is a metonym for power and authority. Alternate Translation: "had given him complete power and authority over everything"
Jhn 14:1
Do not let your heart be troubled
Here "heart" is a metonym for a person's inner being. Alternate Translation: "Stop being so anxious and worried"
Jhn 14:13
Whatever you ask in my name
Here "name" is a metonym that represents the authority of Jesus. Alternate Translation: "Whatever you ask, using my authority"
Jhn 14:14
If you ask me anything in my name, I will do it
Here "name" is a metonym that represents the authority of Jesus. Alternate Translation: "If you ask me anything as one of my followers, I will do it" or "Whatever you ask of me, I will do it because you belong to me"
Jhn 14:17
The world cannot receive him
Here the "world" is a metonym that refers to the people who oppose God. Alternate Translation: "The unbelieving people in this world will never welcome him" or "Those who oppose God will not accept him"
Jhn 14:19
the world
Here the "world" is a metonym that represents the people who do not belong to God. Alternate Translation: "the unbelievers"
Jhn 14:22
not to the world
Here "world" is a metonym that represents the people who oppose God. Alternate Translation: "not to those who do not belong to God"
Jhn 14:27
world
The "world" is a metonym that represents those people who do not love God.
Jhn 14:27
Do not let your heart be troubled, and do not be afraid
Here "heart" is a metonym for a person's inner being. Alternate Translation: "So stop being anxious, and do not be afraid"
Jhn 14:31
in order that the world will know
Here the "world" is a metonym for the people who do not belong to God. Alternate Translation: "in order that the ones who do not belong to God may know"
Jhn 15:16
whatever you ask of the Father in my name, he will give it to you
Here "name" is a metonym that represents the authority of Jesus. Alternate Translation: "Because you belong to me, whatever you ask of the Father, he will give it to you"
Jhn 15:18
If the world hates you ... therefore the world hates you
Jesus uses the term "world" in these verses as a metonym to refer to the people who do not belong to God and are opposed to him.
Jhn 15:19
If the world hates you ... therefore the world hates you
Jesus uses the term "world" in these verses as a metonym to refer to the people who do not belong to God and are opposed to him.
Jhn 15:20
Remember the word that I said to you
Here "word" is a metonym for the message of Jesus. Alternate Translation: "Remember the message that I spoke to you"
Jhn 15:21
because of my name
Here "because of my name" is a metonym that represents Jesus. People will make his followers suffer because they belong to him. Alternate Translation: "because you belong to me"
Jhn 15:27
the beginning
Here the "beginning" is a metonym that means the first days of Jesus' ministry. Alternate Translation: "from the very first days when I began teaching the people and doing miracles"
Jhn 16:4
when their hour comes
Here "hour" is a metonym that refers to the time when people will persecute Jesus' followers. Alternate Translation: "when they cause you to suffer"
Jhn 16:4
in the beginning
This is a metonym that refers to the first days of Jesus' ministry. Alternate Translation: "when you first started following me"
Jhn 16:6
sadness has filled your heart
Here "heart" is a metonym for a person's inner being. Alternate Translation: "you are now very sad"
Jhn 16:8
world
This is a metonym that refers to the people in the world.(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
Jhn 16:20
but the world will be glad
Here the "world" is a metonym for the people who oppose God. Alternate Translation: "but the people who oppose God will be glad"
Jhn 16:22
your heart will be glad
Here "heart" is a metonym for a person's inner being. Alternate Translation: "you will be very happy" or "you will be very joyful"
Jhn 16:23
if you ask anything of the Father in my name, he will give it to you
Here the word "name" is a metonym that refers to the person and authority of Jesus. Alternate Translation: "if you ask anything of the Father, he will give it to you because you belong to me"
Jhn 16:23
in my name
Here "name" is a metonym that refers to the person and authority of Jesus. The Father will honor the requests of the believers because of their relationship with Jesus. Alternate Translation: "because you are my followers" or "on my authority"
Jhn 16:26
you will ask in my name
Here "name" is a metonym for the person and authority of Jesus. Alternate Translation: "you will ask because you belong to me"
Jhn 16:28
world
The "world" is a metonym that refers to the people who live in the world.
Jhn 16:33
I have conquered the world
Here "the world" refers to the troubles and persecution that believers will endure from those who oppose God. Alternate Translation: "I have conquered the troubles of this world"
Jhn 17:1
the hour has come
Here the word "hour" is a metonym that refers to the time for Jesus to suffer and die. Alternate Translation: "it is time for me to suffer and die"
Jhn 17:4
the work that you have given me to do
Here "work" is a metonym that refers to Jesus' entire earthly ministry.
Jhn 17:6
I revealed your name
Here "name" is a metonym that refers to the person of God. Alternate Translation: "I taught them who you really are and what you are like"
Jhn 17:6
from the world
Here "world" is a metonym that refers to the people of the world that oppose God. This means that God has separated the believers spiritually from the people who do not believe in him.
Jhn 17:9
I do not pray for the world
Here the word "world" is a metonym that refers to the people who oppose God. Alternate Translation: "I am not praying for those who do not belong to you"
Jhn 17:11
in the world
This is a metonym that refers to being on earth and being among the people who oppose God. Alternate Translation: "among the people who do not belong to you"
Jhn 17:11
keep them in your name that you have given me
Here the word "name" is a metonym for God's power and authority. Alternate Translation: "keep them safe by your power and authority, which you have given me"
Jhn 17:12
I kept them in your name
Here "name" is a metonym that refers to the power and protection of God. Alternate Translation: "I kept them with your protection"
Jhn 17:13
in the world
Here "world" is a metonym for the people who live in the world.
Jhn 17:13
the world ... because they are not of the world ... I am not of the world
Here "the "world" is a metonym that refers to the people who oppose God. Alternate Translation: "The people who oppose you have hated my followers because they do not belong to those who do not believe, just as I do not belong to them"
Jhn 17:14
the world ... because they are not of the world ... I am not of the world
Here "the "world" is a metonym that refers to the people who oppose God. Alternate Translation: "The people who oppose you have hated my followers because they do not belong to those who do not believe, just as I do not belong to them"
Jhn 17:15
the world
In this passage, "the world" is a metonym for the people who oppose God.
Jhn 17:18
into the world
Here into "the world" is a metonym that means to the people who live in the world. Alternate Translation: "to the people of the world"
Jhn 17:21
the world
Here the "the world" is a metonym that refers to the people who do not yet know God. Alternate Translation: "the people who do not know God"
Jhn 17:23
that the world will know
Here "the world" is a metonym that refers to the people who do not know God. Alternate Translation: "that all the people will know"
Jhn 17:25
the world did not know you
The "world" is a metonym for the people who do not belong to God. Alternate Translation: "those who do not belong to you do not know what you are like"
Jhn 17:26
I made your name known to them
The word "name" refers to God. Alternate Translation: "I have revealed to them what you are like"
Jhn 18:36
My kingdom is not of this world
Here "world" is a metonym for the people who oppose Jesus. Possible meanings are 1) "My kingdom is not part of this world" or 2) "I do not need this world's permission to rule as their king" or "It is not from this world that I have authority to be king."
Jhn 19:10
power
Here "power" is a metonym that refers to the ability to do something or to cause something to happen.
Jhn 20:31
life in his name
Here "life" is a metonym that means Jesus gives life. Alternate Translation: "you may have life because of Jesus"
Act 1:4
the promise of the Father
This is a reference to the Holy Spirit. Alternate Translation: "the Holy Spirit, whom the Father promised to send"
Act 1:16
by the mouth of David
The word "mouth" refers to the words that David wrote. Alternate Translation: "through the words of David"
Act 1:24
You, Lord, know the hearts of all people
Here the word "hearts" refers to the thoughts and motives. Alternate Translation: "You, Lord, know the thoughts and motives of everyone"
Act 2:14
pay attention to my words
Peter was referring to what he was saying. Alternate Translation: "listen carefully to what I am saying"
Act 2:23
by the hand of lawless men
Here "hand" refers to the actions of the lawless men. Alternate Translation: "through the actions of lawless men" or "by what lawless men did"
Act 2:28
full of gladness with your face
Here the word "face" refers to the presence of God. Alternate Translation: "very glad when I see you" or "very glad when I am in your presence"
Act 2:30
he would set one of the fruit of his body upon his throne
God would set one of David's descendants upon David's throne. Alternate Translation: "God would appoint one of David's descendants to be king in David's place"
Act 2:38
in the name of Jesus Christ
In the name of here is a metonym for "by the authority of" Alternate Translation: "by the authority of Jesus Christ"
Act 2:45
distributed them to all
Here the word "them" refers to the profit that they made from selling their property and possessions. Alternate Translation: "distributed the proceeds to all"
Act 2:46
with glad and humble hearts
Here "heart" is a metonym for a person's emotions. Alternate Translation: "joyfully and humbly"
Act 3:6
Silver and gold
These words refer to money.
Act 3:6
In the name of Jesus Christ
Here the word "name" refers to power and authority. Alternate Translation: "With the authority of Jesus Christ"
Act 3:18
the mouth of all the prophets
Here the word "mouth" refers to the words that the prophets spoke and wrote down. Alternate Translation: "the words of all the prophets"
Act 3:19
from the presence of the Lord
Here the words "presence of the Lord" is a metonym for the Lord himself. Alternate Translation: "from the Lord"
Act 3:21
the mouth of his holy prophets
Here the word "mouth" refers to the words that the prophets spoke and wrote down. Alternate Translation: "the words of his holy prophets"
Act 4:7
in what name
Here the word "name" refers to authority. Alternate Translation: "by whose authority"
Act 4:10
in the name of Jesus Christ of Nazareth
Here the word "name" refers to power and authority. Alternate Translation: "by the power of Jesus Christ of Nazareth"
Act 4:12
no other name ... given among men
The phrase "name ... given among men" refers to the person of Jesus. Alternate Translation: "no other person under heaven, who is given among men, by whom"
Act 4:17
not to speak anymore to anyone in this name
Here the word "name" refers to the person of Jesus. Alternate Translation: "not to speak anymore to anyone about this person, Jesus"
Act 4:19
Whether it is right in the sight of God
Here the phrase "in the sight of God" refers to God's opinion. Alternate Translation: "Whether God thinks it is right"
Act 4:25
through the mouth of your servant, our father David
Here the word "mouth" refers to the words that David spoke or wrote down. Alternate Translation: "by the words of your servant, our father David"
Act 4:26
set themselves together ... gathered together
These two phrases mean that they joined their armies together to fight a battle. Alternate Translation: "set their armies together ... gathered their troops together"
Act 4:28
to do all that your hand and your plan had decided
Here the word "hand" is used to mean God's power. Additionally, the phrase "your hand and your desire decided" shows God's power and plan. Alternate Translation: "to do all that you had decided because you are powerful and did all that you planned"
Act 4:29
speak your word with all boldness
The word "word" here is a metonym for God's message. The abstract noun "boldness" can be translated as an adverb. Alternate Translation: "speak your message boldly" or "be bold when we speak your message"
Act 4:30
Stretch out your hand to heal
Here the word "hand" refers to God's power. This is a request for God to show how powerful he is. Alternate Translation: "while you show your power by healing people"
Act 4:30
through the name of your holy servant Jesus
Here the word "name" refers to power and authority. Alternate Translation: "through the power of your holy servant Jesus"
Act 4:32
were of one heart and soul
Here the word "heart" refers to the thoughts and the word "soul" refers to the emotions. Together they refer to the total person. Alternate Translation: "thought the same way and wanted the same things"
Act 5:3
Satan filled your heart
Here the word "heart" is a metonym for the will and emotions. The phrase "Satan filled your heart" is a metaphor. Possible meanings of the metaphor are 1) "Satan completely controlled you" or 2) "Satan convinced you"
Act 5:20
all the words of this life
The word "words" here is a metonym for the message that the apostles had already proclaimed. Possible meanings are 1) "all this message of eternal life" or 2) "the whole message of this new way of living"
Act 5:28
in this name
Here the word "name" refers to the person of Jesus. See how you translated this in [Acts 4:17](../04/17.md). Alternate Translation: "not to speak anymore about this person, Jesus"
Act 5:28
desire to bring this man's blood upon us
Here the word "blood" is a metonym for death, and to bring someone's blood on people is a metaphor for saying that they are guilty of that person's death. Alternate Translation: "desire to make us responsible for this man's death"
Act 5:30
by hanging him on a tree
Here Peter uses the word "tree" to refer to the cross which was made out of wood. Alternate Translation: "by hanging him on a cross"
Act 5:31
Israel
The word "Israel" refers to the Jewish people.
Act 5:40
they called the apostles in and beat them
The council members would have ordered the temple guards to do these things.
Act 5:40
to speak in the name of Jesus
Here "name" refers to the authority of Jesus. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Acts 4:18](../04/18.md). Alternate Translation: "to speak anymore in the authority of Jesus"
Act 5:41
for the Name
Here "the Name" refers to Jesus. Alternate Translation: "for Jesus"
Act 6:2
serve tables
This is a phrase meaning to serve food to the people.
Act 7:7
I will judge the nation
nation refers to the people in it. Alternate Translation: "I will judge the people of the nation"
Act 7:10
over Egypt
This refers to the people of Egypt. Alternate Translation: "over all the people of Egypt"
Act 7:10
all his household
This refers to all his possessions. Alternate Translation: "everything he owned"
Act 7:18
over Egypt
Egypt refers to the people of Egypt. Alternate Translation: "the people of Egypt"
Act 7:18
who did not know about Joseph
Joseph refers to the reputation of Joseph. Alternate Translation: "who did not know that Joseph had helped Egypt"
Act 7:23
it came into his heart
Here "heart" is a metonym for "mind." The phrase "it came into his heart" is an idiom that means to decide something. Alternate Translation: "it came into his mind" or "he decided"
Act 7:25
by his hand was rescuing them
Here "hand" refers to the actions of Moses. Alternate Translation: "was rescuing them through what Moses was doing" or "was using the actions of Moses to rescue them"
Act 7:35
by the hand of the angel ... bush
The hand is a metonym for the action performed by the person. In this case, the angel had commanded Moses to return to Egypt. Stephen speaks as if the angel had a physical hand. You may need to make explicit what action the angel did. Alternate Translation: "by the action of the angel" or "by having the angel ... bush command him to return to Egypt"
Act 7:38
living words
Possible meanings are 1) "a message that endures" or 2) "words that give life."
Act 7:39
in their hearts they turned back
Here "hearts" is a metonym for people's thoughts. To do something in the heart means to desire do to something. Alternate Translation: "they desired to turn back"
Act 7:42
house of Israel
This refers to the whole nation of Israel. Alternate Translation: "all you Israelites"
Act 7:45
God took the land ... before the face of our fathers
Here "the face of our fathers" refers to the presence of their ancestors. Possible meanings are 1) "As our ancestors watched, God took the land from the nations and drove them out" or 2) "When our ancestors came, God took the land from the nations and drove them out"
Act 7:45
the nations
This refers to the people who lived in the land before Israel. Alternate Translation: "the people who previously lived here"
Act 7:51
uncircumcised in heart and ears
The Jews regarded uncircumcised people as disobedient to God. Stephen uses "hearts and ears" to represent to the Jewish leaders who acted the way Gentiles act when they do not obey or listen to God. Alternate Translation: "you refuse to obey and hear"
Act 8:4
proclaiming the word
Word here is a metonym for "message." Alternate Translation: "proclaiming the message from God"
Act 8:5
proclaimed to them the Christ
The title "Christ" refers to Jesus, the Messiah. Alternate Translation: "told them that Jesus is the Messiah"
Act 8:8
So there was much joy in that city
The phrase "that city" refers to the people who were rejoicing. Alternate Translation: "So the people of the city were rejoicing"
Act 8:16
they had only been baptized into the name of the Lord Jesus
Here "name" represents authority, and being baptized into his name represents being baptized in order to be under his authority. Alternate Translation: "they had only been baptized to become disciples of the Lord Jesus"
Act 8:21
your heart is not right
Here "heart" is a metonym for a person's thoughts or motives. Alternate Translation: "you are not right in your heart" or "the motives of your mind are not right"
Act 8:22
for the intention of your heart
Here "heart" is a metonym for a person's thoughts. Alternate Translation: "for what you intended to do" or "for what you were thinking of doing"
Act 8:25
spoken the word of the Lord
Word here is a metonym for "message." Peter and John explained the message about Jesus to the Samaritans.
Act 8:28
reading the prophet Isaiah
This is the Old Testament book Isaiah. Alternate Translation: "reading from the book of the prophet Isaiah"
Act 8:29
stay close to this chariot
Philip understood that this meant he was to stay close to the person riding in the chariot. Alternate Translation: "accompany the man in this chariot"
Act 8:30
reading Isaiah the prophet
This is the Old Testament book Isaiah. Alternate Translation: "reading from the book of the prophet Isaiah"
Act 8:35
this scripture
This refers to Isaiah's writings in the Old Testament. Alternate Translation: "in the writings of Isaiah"
Act 9:2
for the synagogues
This refers to the people in the synagogues. Alternate Translation: "for the people in the synagogues" or "for the leaders in the synagogues"
Act 9:14
calls upon your name
Here "your name" refers to Jesus.
Act 9:15
he is a chosen instrument of mine
chosen instrument refers to something that is set apart for service. Alternate Translation: "I have chosen him to serve me"
Act 9:15
to carry my name
This is an expression for identifying or speaking out for Jesus. Alternate Translation: "in order that he might speak about me"
Act 9:16
for the cause of my name
This is an expression meaning "for telling people about me."
Act 9:21
this name
Here "name" refers to Jesus. Alternate Translation: "the name of Jesus"
Act 9:27
had spoken boldly in the name of Jesus
This is a way of saying he preached or taught the gospel message of Jesus Christ without fear. Alternate Translation: "had openly preached the message about Jesus"
Act 9:28
in the name of the Lord Jesus
Possible meanings are 1) this simply refers to the Lord Jesus and tells who Paul spoke about. Alternate Translation: "about the Lord Jesus" or 2) "name" is a metonym for authority. Alternate Translation: "under the authority of the Lord Jesus" or "with the authority that the Lord Jesus gave him"
Act 10:43
through his name
Here "his name" refers to the actions of Jesus. His name means God who saves. Alternate Translation: "through what Jesus has done for them"
Act 10:48
be baptized in the name of Jesus Christ
Here "in the name of Jesus Christ" expresses that the reason for their baptism was that they believed in Jesus. Alternate Translation: "be baptized as believers in Jesus Christ"
Act 11:1
had received the word of God
This expression refers to the fact that the Gentiles believed the gospel message about Jesus. Alternate Translation: "believed the message of God about Jesus"
Act 11:2
they who belonged to the circumcision group
This is a reference to some of the Jews who believed that every believer must be circumcised. Alternate Translation: "some Jewish believers in Jerusalem who wanted all followers of Christ to be circumcized"
Act 11:3
uncircumcised men
The phrase "uncircumcised men" refers to Gentiles.
Act 11:8
nothing unholy or unclean has ever entered into my mouth
Apparently the animals in the sheet were animals which the Jewish law in the Old Testament forbade the Jews to eat. This can be said in a positive way. Alternate Translation: "I have eaten only meat from holy and clean animals"
Act 11:9
What God has declared clean, do not call unclean
This refers to the animals in the sheet.
Act 11:14
all your household
This refers to all the people in the household. Alternate Translation: "everyone who lives in your house"
Act 11:21
The hand of the Lord was with them
God's hand signifies his powerful help. Alternate Translation: "God was powerfully enabling those believers to preach effectively"
Act 11:22
ears of the church
Here "ears" refers to the believers' hearing about the event. Alternate Translation: "the believers in the church"
Act 11:23
with all their heart
Here the "heart" refers to a person's will and desire. Alternate Translation: "with all their will" or "with complete commitment"
Act 11:24
many people were added to the Lord
Here "added" means they came to believe the same thing as the others. Alternate Translation: "many more people also believed in the Lord"
Act 12:2
He killed James
Possible meanings are 1) Herod himself killed James or 2) Herod ordered someone to kill James. Alternate Translation: "Herod gave the order and they killed James"
Act 12:11
delivered me out of the hand of Herod
Here "the hand of Herod" refers to "Herod's hold" or "Herod's plans." Alternate Translation: "brought me from the harm Herod had planned for me"
Act 13:10
You son of the devil
Paul is saying the man is acting like the devil. Alternate Translation: "You are like the devil" or "You act like the devil"
Act 13:11
the hand of the Lord is upon you
Here "hand' represents the power of God and "upon you" implies punishment. Alternate Translation: "The Lord will punish you"
Act 13:17
with an uplifted arm
This refers to God's mighty power. Alternate Translation: "with great power"
Act 13:23
brought to Israel
This refers to the people of Israel. Alternate Translation: "gave to the people of Israel"
Act 13:27
sayings of the prophets
Here the word "sayings" represents the message of the prophets. Alternate Translation: "the writings of the prophets" or "the message of the prophets"
Act 13:35
You will not allow your Holy One to see decay
The phrase "see decay" is a metonym for "decay." Alternate Translation: "You will not allow the body of your Holy One to rot"
Act 13:36
experienced decay
The phrase "experienced decay" is a metonym for "his body decayed." Alternate Translation: "his body rotted"
Act 13:37
experienced no decay
The phrase "experienced no decay" is a way to say "his body did not decay." Alternate Translation: "did not rot"
Act 13:42
these same words
Here "words" refers to the message that Paul had spoken. Alternate Translation: "this same message"
Act 13:44
almost the whole city
The "city" represents the people in the city. This phrase is used to show the great response to the Lord's word. Alternate Translation: "almost all the people of the city"
Act 13:48
praised the word of the Lord
Here "word" refers to the message about Jesus that they had believed. Alternate Translation: "praised God for the message about the Lord Jesus"
Act 13:49
The word of the Lord was spread out through the whole region
Here "word" refers to the message about Jesus. This can be stated in active form. Alternate Translation: "Those who believed spread the word of the Lord through the whole region" or "Those who believed went everywhere in the region and told others about the message of Jesus"
Act 14:4
the majority of the city was divided
Here "city"refers to the people in the city. Alternate Translation: "most of the people of the city were divided" or "most of the people of the city did not agree with each other"
Act 14:17
filling your hearts with food and gladness
Here "you hearts" refers to the people. Alternate Translation: "giving you enough to eat and things about which to be happy"
Act 14:25
When they had spoken the word in Perga
Word here is a metonym for "message of God." Alternate Translation: "(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
Act 15:3
being sent by the church
Here "church" stands for the people that were a part of the church.
Act 15:7
the word of the gospel
Here "word" stands for a message. Alternate Translation: "the message about Jesus"
Act 15:8
who knows the heart
Here "heart" refers to the "minds" or "inner beings." Alternate Translation: "who knows the people's minds" or "who knows what people think"
Act 15:14
for his name
for God's name. Here "name" refers to God. Alternate Translation: "for himself"
Act 15:15
The words of the prophets agree
Here "words" stands for a message. Alternate Translation: "What the prophets said agrees" or "The prophets agree"
Act 15:16
tent
Here "tent" stands for David's family.
Act 15:17
my name
Here "my name" stands for God.
Act 15:21
Moses has been proclaimed
Here "Moses" represents the law of Moses. This can be stated in active form. Alternate Translation: "The law of Moses has been proclaimed" or "Jews have taught the law of Moses"
Act 15:21
and he is read
Here "he" refers to Moses, whose name here represents his law. Alternate Translation: "and the law is read" or "and they read the law"
Act 15:26
for the name of our Lord Jesus Christ
Here "name" refers to the whole person. Alternate Translation: "because they believe in our Lord Jesus Christ" or "because they serve our Lord Jesus Christ"
Act 15:35
the word of the Lord
Here "word" stands for a message. Alternate Translation: "the message about the Lord"
Act 15:36
the word of the Lord
Here "word" stands for the message. Alternate Translation: "the message about the Lord"
Act 16:4
the churches
Here this stands for the believers in the churches.
Act 16:6
the word
Here "word" stands for "message." Alternate Translation: "the message about Christ"
Act 16:14
opened her heart
Here "heart" stands for a person's mind. Also, the author speaks about the "heart" or "mind" as if it were a box that a person could open so it is ready for someone to fill it.
Act 16:15
her house
Here "house" represents the people who live in her house. Alternate Translation: "the members of her household" or "her family and household servants"
Act 16:18
in the name of Jesus Christ
Here "name" stands for speaking with the authority or as the representative of Jesus Christ.
Act 16:29
for lights
The word "lights" stands for something that makes light. Alternate Translation: "for torches" or "for lamps"
Act 16:31
your house
Here "house" stands for the people who live in the house. Alternate Translation: "all the members of your household" or "your family"
Act 16:32
They spoke the word of the Lord to him
Here "word" stands for a message. Alternate Translation: "They told him the message about the Lord Jesus"
Act 16:35
sent word to the guards
Here "word" stands for "message" or "command." Alternate Translation: "sent a message to the guards" or "sent a command to the guards"
Act 16:37
They have publicly beaten us
Here "They" refers to the magistrates who commanded their soldiers to beat them. Alternate Translation: "The magistrates ordered their soldiers to beat us in public"
Act 17:5
set the city in an uproar
Here "the city" stands for the people in the city. Alternate Translation: "caused the people of the city to be in an uproar" or "caused the people of the city to riot"
Act 17:11
received the word
Here "word" refers to a teaching. Alternate Translation: "listened to the teaching"
Act 17:19
to the Areopagus
The "Areopagus" was the place where the leaders met. Alternate Translation: "to the leaders that met on the Areopagus"
Act 17:29
qualities of deity
Here "deity" refers to God's nature or attributes. Alternate Translation: "that God"
Act 17:31
he will judge the world
Here "world" refers to the people. Alternate Translation: "he will judge all people"
Act 18:6
May your blood be upon your own heads
Here "blood" stands for the guilt of their actions. Here "heads" refers to the whole person. Paul tells the Jews they are solely responsible for the judgment they will face for their stubbornness if they refuse to repent. Alternate Translation: "You alone bear the responsibility for your punishment for sin"
Act 18:8
all those who lived in his house
Here "house" refers to the people who lived together. Alternate Translation: "the people who lived with him in his house"
Act 18:12
brought him before the judgment seat
The Jews took Paul by force to bring Paul before the court. Here "judgment seat" refers to the place where Gallio sat when he made legal decisions in court. Alternate Translation: "took him so that the governor could judge him at the judgment seat"
Act 18:16
Gallio made them leave the judgment seat
Gallio dismissed them from the judgment seat. Here "judgment seat" refers to the place where Gallio sits to make legal decisions in court. Alternate Translation: "Gallio made them leave his presence in the court" or "Gallio made them leave the court"
Act 18:22
greeted the Jerusalem church
Here "church" refers to the believers in Jerusalem. Alternate Translation: "greeted the members of the church of Jerusalem"
Act 19:5
in the name of the Lord Jesus
Here "name" refers to Jesus' power and authority. Alternate Translation: "as believers in the Lord Jesus"
Act 19:8
about the kingdom of God
Here "kingdom" stands for God's rule as king. Alternate Translation: "about God's rule as king" or "about how God would show himself as king"
Act 19:10
the word of the Lord
Here "word" stands for a message. Alternate Translation: "the message about the Lord"
Act 19:13
the name of the Lord Jesus
Here "name" refers to Jesus' power and authority.
Act 19:13
By the Jesus
This stands for the power and authority of Jesus. Alternate Translation: "by the authority of Jesus" or "by the power of Jesus"
Act 19:17
the name
This stands for the power and authority of Jesus.
Act 19:29
The whole city was filled with confusion
Here "city" refers to the people. The city is spoken of as if it were a container. And, "confusion" is spoken of as if it were the contents that filled the container. Alternate Translation: "Then people all over the city became upset and started shouting"
Act 20:19
with tears
Here "tears" stands for feeling sad and crying. Alternate Translation: "I crying as I served the Lord"
Act 20:23
chains and sufferings await me
Here "chains" refers to Paul's being arrested and put in prison. Alternate Translation: "people will put me in prison and cause me to suffer"
Act 20:25
among whom I went about proclaiming the kingdom
Here "kingdom" stands for God's rule as king. Alternate Translation: "to whom I preached the message about God's reign as king" or "to whom I preached about how God will show himself as king"
Act 20:26
I am innocent of the blood of any man
Here "blood" stands for a person's death, which, in this case, is not physical death but spiritual death when God declares a person guilty of sin. Paul had told them God's truth. Alternate Translation: "I am not responsible for anyone whom God judges guilty of sin because they did not trust in Jesus"
Act 20:28
his own blood
Here "blood" stands for Christ's death.
Act 20:31
with tears
Here "tears" refers to Paul's crying because of the strong emotion of concern he felt while he was warning the people.
Act 20:32
I entrust you to God and to the word of his grace
Here "word" stands for a message. Alternate Translation: "I ask God to take care of you and that he will help you to keep believing the message I spoke to you about his grace"
Act 20:35
the words of the Lord Jesus
Here "words" refers to what Jesus has said.
Act 21:2
When we found a ship crossing over to Phoenicia
Here "a ship crossing over" stands for the crew that would sail the ship. Alternate Translation: "When we found a ship with a crew sailing over to Phoenicia"
Act 21:3
where the ship was to unload its cargo
Here "ship" stands for the crew that was sailing the ship. Alternate Translation: "the crew would unload the cargo from the ship"
Act 21:11
into the hands of the Gentiles
The word "hands" here represents control. Alternate Translation: "into the legal custody of the Gentiles" or "to the Gentiles"
Act 21:13
for the name of the Lord Jesus
Here "name" refers to the person of Jesus. Alternate Translation: "for the sake of the Lord Jesus" or "because I believe in the Lord Jesus"
Act 21:21
to abandon Moses
Here "Moses" stands for the law of Moses. Alternate Translation: "to stop obeying the laws that Moses gave us"
Act 21:31
news came up to the chief captain of the guard
Here "news" refers to the messenger who went to speak the news. Alternate Translation: "someone gave news to the chief captain of the guard"
Act 22:3
at the feet of Gamaliel
Here "feet" stands for the place where a student would sit while learning from a teacher. Alternate Translation: "by Gamaliel"
Act 22:4
I persecuted this Way
Here "this Way" represents the people who belonged to the group called "the Way." Alternate Translation: "I persecuted the people who belonged to this Way"
Act 22:20
the blood of Stephen your witness was spilled
Here "blood" stands for Stephen's life. To spill blood means to kill. This can be stated in active form. Alternate Translation: "they killed Stephen who testified about you"
Act 22:30
So he untied his bonds
Possibly the "chief officer" stands for the chief officers' soldiers. Alternate Translation: "So the chief captain ordered his soldiers to untie Paul's bonds"
Act 24:10
a judge to this nation
Here "nation" refers to the people of the Jewish nation. Alternate Translation: "a judge for the people of the Jewish nation"
Act 24:16
to have a clear conscience before God
Here "conscience" refers to a person's inner morality that chooses between right and wrong. Alternate Translation: "to be blameless" or "to always do what is right"
Act 25:6
sat in the judgment seat
Here "judgment seat" refers to Festus' ruling as judge over Paul's trial. Alternate Translation: "sat upon the seat where he acted as judge" or "he sat down as judge"
Act 25:10
I stand before the judgment seat of Caesar where I must be judged
The "judgment seat" refers to Caesar's authority to judge Paul. This can be stated in active form. Alternate Translation: "I ask to go before Caesar, so he can judge me"
Act 25:17
I sat in the judgment seat
Here "judgment seat" refers to Festus ruling over Paul's trial as judge. Alternate Translation: "I sat upon the seat to act as judge" or "I sat down as judge"
Act 26:7
For this is the promise that our twelve tribes sought to receive
The phrase "our twelve tribes" stands for the people in those tribes. Alternate Translation: "This is also what our fellow Jews in the twelve tribes were waiting for"
Act 26:9
against the name of Jesus
The word "name" here stands for the teaching about the person. Alternate Translation: "to stop people from teaching about Jesus"
Act 26:14
I heard a voice speaking to me that said
Here "voice" stands for the person speaking. Alternate Translation: "I heard someone speaking to me who said"
Act 26:19
the heavenly vision
This refers to what the person in the vision told Paul. Alternate Translation: "what the person from heaven told me in the vision"
Act 26:29
but without these prison chains
Here "prison chains" stands for being a prisoner. Alternate Translation: "but, of course, I do no want you to be a prisoner like I am"
Act 27:2
We boarded a ship ... which was about to sail
Here "ship ... which was about to sail" stands for the crew that will sail the ship. Alternate Translation: "We boarded a ship ... which a crew was about to sail"
Act 27:24
You must stand before Caesar
The phrase "stand before Caesar" refers to Paul's going to court and letting Caesar judge him. Alternate Translation: "You must stand before Caesar so he can judge you"
Act 28:17
into the hands of the Romans
Here "hands" stands for power or control.
Act 28:20
Israel
Here "Israel" stands for the people. Alternate Translation: "the people of Israel" or "the Jews"
Act 28:20
that I am bound with this chain
Here "bound with this chain" stands for being a prisoner. Alternate Translation: "that I am a prisoner"
Act 28:23
testified about the kingdom of God
Here "kingdom of God" stands for God's rule as king. Alternate Translation: "told them about God's rule as king" or "told them how God would show himself as king"
Act 28:23
from the prophets
Here "the prophets" refers to what they wrote. Alternate Translation: "from what the prophets wrote"
Act 28:25
after Paul had spoken this one word
Here "word" stands for a message or statement. Alternate Translation: "after Paul had said one more thing" or "after Paul had made this statement"
Act 28:27
understand with their heart
Here "heart" stands for the mind.
Act 28:31
He was proclaiming the kingdom of God
Here "kingdom of God" refers to God's rule as king. Alternate Translation: "He was preaching about God's rule as king" or "He was preaching about how God will show himself as king"
Rom 1:5
for obedience of faith among all the nations, for the sake of his name
Paul uses the word "name" as a metonym to refer to Jesus. Alternate Translation: "in order to teach all nations to obey because of their faith in him"
Rom 2:8
wrath
Here the word "wrath" is a metonym that refers to God's severe punishment of wicked people.
Rom 2:15
that the actions required by the law are written in their hearts
Here "hearts" is a metonym for the person's thoughts or inner person. The phrase "written in their hearts" is a metaphor for knowing something in their mind. You can translate this in an active form. Alternate Translation: "that God has written on their hearts what the law requires them to do" or "that they know the actions that God wants them to do according to his law"
Rom 2:24
name of God
The word "name" is a metonym that refers to the entirety of God, not just his name.
Rom 2:29
of the heart
Here "heart" is a metonym for the inner person.
Rom 3:5
to bring his wrath upon us
Here "wrath" is a metonym for punishment. Alternate Translation: "to bring his punishment upon us" or "to punish us"
Rom 3:6
the world
The "world" is a metonym for the people who live in the world. Alternate Translation: "anyone in the world"
Rom 3:13
Their throat is an open grave
The word "throat" is a metonym for everything that people say that is unrighteous and disgusting. Here "open grave" is a metaphor that refers to the stench of the evil words of the people.
Rom 3:13
Their tongues have deceived
The word "tongues" is a metonym for the false words that people speak. Alternate Translation: "People speak lies"
Rom 3:14
Their mouths are full of cursing and bitterness
Here "mouths" is a metonym that represents the evil words of the people. The word "full" exaggerates how often people speak bitterly and curse. Alternate Translation: "They often speak curses and cruel words"
Rom 3:16
Destruction and suffering are in their paths
Here "destruction and suffering" are metonyms that represent the harm that these people cause others to suffer. Alternate Translation: "They try to destroy others and cause them to suffer"
Rom 3:23
come short of the glory of God
Here the "glory of God" is a metonym that refers to the image of God and his nature. Alternate Translation: "have failed to be like God"
Rom 3:25
in his blood
This is a metonym for the death of Jesus as a sacrifice for sins. Alternate Translation: "in his death as a sacrifice for sins"
Rom 3:30
he will justify the circumcision by faith, and the uncircumcision through faith
Here "circumcision" is a metonym that refers to Jews and "uncircumcision" is a metonym that refers to non-Jews. Alternate Translation: "God will make both Jews and non-Jews right with himself through their faith in Christ"
Rom 4:9
those of the circumcision
This is a metonym that refers to the Jewish people. Alternate Translation: "the Jews"
Rom 4:9
those of the uncircumcision
This is a metonym that refers to the people who are not Jews. Alternate Translation: "the Gentiles"
Rom 5:5
because the love of God has been poured into our hearts
Here "hearts" represents a person's thoughts, feelings, or inner person. The phrase "the love of God has been poured into our hearts" is a metaphor for God showing love to his people. This can be stated in active form. Alternate Translation: "because he has loved us greatly" or "because God has shown us how much he loves us"
Rom 5:9
blood
This is a metonym for the sacrificial death of Jesus on the cross.
Rom 5:9
the wrath of God
Here "wrath" is a metonym that refers to God's punishment of those who have sinned against him. Alternate Translation: "God's punishment"
Rom 6:6
the body of sin
This is a metonym that refers to the whole sinful person. Alternate Translation: "our sinful nature"
Rom 6:17
but you have obeyed from the heart
Here the word "heart" refers to having sincere or honest motives for doing something. Alternate Translation: "but you truly obeyed"
Rom 6:19
because of the weakness of your flesh
Often Paul uses the word "flesh" as the opposite of "spirit." Alternate Translation: "because you do not fully understand spiritual things"
Rom 7:18
my flesh
Here "flesh" is a metonym for the sinful nature. Alternate Translation: "my sinful nature"
Rom 8:27
He who searches the hearts
Here "He" refers to God. Here "hearts" is a metonym for a person's thoughts and emotions. The phrase "searches the hearts" is a metaphor for examining thoughts and emotions. Alternate Translation: "God, who knows all our thoughts and feelings"
Rom 9:8
the children of the flesh are not
Here "children of the flesh" is a metonym that refers to the physical descendants of Abraham. Alternate Translation: "not all of Abraham's descendants"
Rom 9:17
my name
This metonym refers either 1) to God in all of his being. Alternate Translation: "who I am" or 2) To his reputation. Alternate Translation: "how great I am"
Rom 9:33
in Zion
Here Zion is a metonym that represents Israel. Alternate Translation: "in Israel"
Rom 10:1
my heart's desire
Here "heart" is a metonym for a person's emotions or inner being. Alternate Translation: "my greatest desire"
Rom 10:8
The word is ... in your mouth
The word "mouth" is a metonym that refers to what a person says. Alternate Translation: "You know how to speak ... God's message"
Rom 10:8
The word is ... in your heart
The phrase "in your heart" is metonym that refers to what a person thinks and believes. Alternate Translation: "You know what ... God's message means"
Rom 10:9
believe in your heart
Here "heart" is a metonym for a person's mind or inner person. Alternate Translation: "believe in your mind" or "truly believe"
Rom 10:10
For with the heart man believes for righteousness, and with the mouth he acknowledges for salvation
Here "heart" is a metonym that represents the mind or will. Alternate Translation: "For it is with the mind that a person trusts and is right before God, and it is with the mouth that a person confesses and God saves him"
Rom 10:13
For everyone who calls on the name of the Lord will be saved
Here the word "name" is a metonym for Jesus. You can translate this in an active form. Alternate Translation: "The Lord will save everyone who trusts in him"
Rom 10:15
How beautiful are the feet of those who proclaim glad tidings of good things
Paul uses "feet" to represent those who travel and bring the message to those who have not heard it. Alternate Translation: "It is wonderful when messengers come and tell us the good news"
Rom 11:9
Let their table become a net and a trap
Table here is a metonym that represents feasting, and "net" and "trap" are metaphors that represent punishment. You can translate this in an active form. Alternate Translation: "Please, God, make their feasts like a trap that catches them"
Rom 11:10
bend their backs continually
Here "bend their back" is a metonym for forcing slaves to carry heavy loads on their backs. This is a metaphor for making them suffer. Alternate Translation: "make them suffer like people carrying heavy loads"
Rom 11:15
the world
Here "the world" is a metonym for the people who live in the world. Alternate Translation: "the people in the world"
Rom 11:26
Out of Zion
Here "Zion" is used as a metonym for the place where God dwells. Alternate Translation: "From where God is among the Jews"
Rom 11:26
from Jacob
Here "Jacob" is used as a metonym for Israel. Alternate Translation: "from the Israelite people"
Rom 11:34
the mind of the Lord
Here "mind" is a metonym for knowing things or thinking about things. Alternate Translation: "all that the Lord knows" or "what the Lord thinks about"
Rom 12:2
this world
This refers to unbelievers who live in the world.
Rom 12:19
give way to the wrath of God
Here "wrath" is a metonym for God's punishment. Alternate Translation: "allow God to punish them"
Rom 13:4
carry the sword
Roman governors carried a short sword as a symbol of their authority.
Rom 13:4
an avenger for wrath
Here "wrath" represents the punishment people receive when they do evil deeds. Alternate Translation: "a person who punishes people as an expression of the government's anger against evil"
Rom 13:14
make no provision for the flesh
Here the "flesh" refers to the self-directed nature of people who oppose God. This is the sinful nature of human beings. Alternate Translation: "do not allow your old evil heart any opportunity at all for doing wicked things"
Rom 14:10
For we will all stand before the judgment seat of God
The "judgment seat" refers to God's authority to judge. Alternate Translation: "For God will judge us all"
Rom 15:5
to be of the same mind with each other
Here to be of the "same mind" is a metonym that means to be in agreement with each other. Alternate Translation: "to be in agreement with each other" or "to be united"
Rom 15:6
praise with one mouth
This means to be united in praising God. Alternate Translation: "praise God together in unity as if only one mouth were speaking"
Rom 15:8
Christ has been made a servant of the circumcision
Here "the circumcision" is a metonym that refers to the Jews. You can translate this in an active form. Alternate Translation: "Jesus Christ has become a servant of the Jews"
Rom 15:9
sing praise to your name
Here "your name" is a metonym that refers to God. Alternate Translation: "sing praise to you"
Rom 15:12
root of Jesse
Jesse was the physical father of King David. Alternate Translation: "descendant of Jesse"
Rom 16:18
but their own stomach
Here "stomach" is a metonym that refers to physical desires. Serving there stomach represents satisfying their desires. Alternate Translation: "but they only want to satisfy their own selfish desires"
Rom 16:18
they deceive the hearts of the innocent
Here "hearts" is a metonym for a person's mind or inner being. Alternate Translation: "they deceive the innocent believers"
1Co 1:2
who call on the name of our Lord Jesus Christ
Name here is a metonym for person of Jesus Christ. Alternate Translation: "who call on the Lord Jesus Christ"
1Co 1:10
through the name of our Lord Jesus Christ
Name here is a metonym for the person of Jesus Christ. Alternate Translation: "by means of our Lord Jesus Christ"
1Co 1:13
in the name of Paul
In the name of here is a metonym for "by the authority of." Alternate Translation: "by Paul's authority"
1Co 1:15
This was so that no one would say that you were baptized into my name
Here "name" represents "authority." This means Paul did not baptize others because they may claim that they became Paul's disciples. This can be stated in active form. Alternate Translation: "For some of you might have claimed that I baptized you to make you my disciples"
1Co 1:30
Christ Jesus, who became for us wisdom from God
Possible meanings are 1) "Christ Jesus, who has made clear to us how wise God is" or 2) "Christ Jesus, who has given us God's wisdom."
1Co 2:9
Things that no eye has seen, no ear has heard, no mind has imagined
This is a triplet referring to all parts of a person to emphasize that no man has ever been aware of the things that God has prepared.
1Co 5:4
in the name of our Lord Jesus
Possible meanings are 1) the name of the Lord Jesus is a metonym that represents his authority. Alternate Translation: "with the authority of our Lord Jesus" or 2) being assembled in the Lord's name implies meeting together to worship him. Alternate Translation: "to worship our Lord Jesus"
1Co 6:11
in the name of the Lord Jesus Christ
Name here is a metonym for the power and authority of Jesus Christ. Alternate Translation: "by the power and authority of our Lord Jesus Christ"
1Co 8:13
if food causes
Food here is a metonym for the person eating the food. Alternate Translation: "if I cause by eating" or "if I, because of what I eat, cause"
1Co 9:2
you are the proof of my apostleship in the Lord
Proof here is a metonym for the evidence needed to prove something. Alternate Translation: "you are evidence I can use to prove that the Lord has chosen me to be an apostle"
1Co 9:14
get their living from the gospel
The words "the gospel" here are a metonym for 1) the people to whom they tell the gospel, "receive their food and other things they need from those to whom they teach the good news," or 2) the result of working to tell the gospel, "receive their food and other things they need because they work to tell the good news."
1Co 10:4
that rock was Christ
The "rock" was a literal, physical rock, so it would be best to translate this literally. If your language cannot say that a rock "was" a person's name, treat the word "rock" as a metonym for the power of Christ that worked through the rock. Alternate Translation: "it was Christ who worked through that rock"
1Co 10:21
You cannot drink the cup of the Lord and the cup of demons
Paul speaks of a person drinking from the same cup as the demon as evidence that that person is a friend of the demon. Alternate Translation: "It is impossible for you to be true friends with both the Lord and demons"
1Co 11:34
it will not be for judgment
it will not be an occasion for God to discipline you
1Co 12:10
various kinds of tongues
Here "tongues" represents languages. Alternate Translation: "the ability to speak different languages"
1Co 12:13
whether bound or free
Bound here is a metonym for "slaves." Alternate Translation: "whether slave-people or free-people"
1Co 14:25
The secrets of his heart would be revealed
Here "heart" is a metonym for a person's thoughts. This can be stated in active form. Alternate Translation: "God would reveal to him the secrets of his heart" or "He would recognize his own private inner thoughts"
1Co 14:36
the word of God
Word of God here is a metonym for the message from God. Alternate Translation: "God's message"
2Co 1:12
not relying on fleshly wisdom but on the grace of God.
Here "fleshly" represents human. Alternate Translation: "We have not relied on human wisdom but on the grace of God"
2Co 1:22
gave us the Spirit in our hearts
Here the word "hearts" refers to the innermost part of a person. Alternate Translation: "gave us the Spirit to live within each of us"
2Co 2:4
with anguish of heart
Here the word "heart" refers to the location of the emotions. Alternate Translation: "with extreme sorrow"
2Co 2:17
who sell the word of God
Word here is a metonym for "message." Alternate Translation: "who sell God's message"
2Co 3:2
written on our hearts
Here the word "hearts" refers to their thoughts and emotions. Possible meanings are 1) Paul and his coworkers are sure about the Corinthians being their letter of recommendation or 2) Paul and his coworkers care very deeply for the Corinthians.
2Co 3:15
whenever Moses is read
Here the word "Moses" refers to the Old Testament law. This can be stated in active form. Alternate Translation: "whenever someone reads the Mosaic law"
2Co 3:15
a veil covers their hearts
Here the word "hearts" represents what people think, and the people being unable to understand the old covenant is spoken of as if they have a veil that covers their hearts the way a physical veil would cover their eyes. Alternate Translation: "they are unable to understand what they are hearing"
2Co 4:6
in our hearts
Here the word "hearts" refers to the mind and thoughts. Alternate Translation: "in our minds"
2Co 5:12
those who boast about appearances but not about what is in the heart
Here the word "appearances" refers to outward expressions of things like ability and status. The word "heart" refers to the inward character of a person. Alternate Translation: "those who praise their own actions, but do not care about what they really are in their inner being"
2Co 5:19
in Christ God is reconciling the world to himself
Here the word "world" refers to people in the world. Alternate Translation: "in Christ, God is reconciling mankind to himself"
2Co 9:2
Achaia has been getting ready
Here the word "Achaia" refers to the people who live in this province, and specifically to the people of the church in Corinth. Alternate Translation: "the people of Achaia have been preparing"
2Co 9:7
give as he has planned in his heart
Here the word "heart" refers to the thoughts and emotions. Alternate Translation: "give as he has determined"
2Co 9:10
bread for food
Here the word "bread" refers to food in general. Alternate Translation: "food to eat"
2Co 10:2
we are living according to the flesh
The word "flesh" is a metonym for sinful human nature. "we are acting from human motives"
2Co 10:3
we walk in the flesh
Here "walk" is an metaphor for "live" and "flesh" is a metonym for physical life. Alternate Translation: "we live our lives in physical bodies"
2Co 10:3
wage war according to the flesh
Possible meanings are 1) the word "flesh" is a metonym for physical life. Alternate Translation: "fight against our enemies using physical weapons" or 2) the word "flesh" is a metonym for sinful human nature. Alternate Translation: "wage war in sinful ways"
2Co 10:4
are not fleshly
Possible meanings are 1) the word "fleshly" is a metonym for merely physical. Alternate Translation: "are not physical" or 2) the word "fleshly" is a metonym for sinful human nature. Alternate Translation: "are not sinful" or "do not enable us to do wrong"
2Co 10:6
punish every act of disobedience
The words "act of disobedience" are a metonym for the people who commit those acts. Alternate Translation: "punish every one of you who disobey us"
2Co 11:18
according to the flesh
Here the metonym "flesh" refers to man in his sinful nature and his achievements. Alternate Translation: "about their own human achievements"
2Co 11:33
from his hands
Paul uses the governor's hands as metonymy for the governor. Alternate Translation: "from the governor"
2Co 12:15
for your souls
The word "souls" is a metonym for the people themselves. Alternate Translation: "for you" or "so you will live well"
Gal 1:4
for our sins
Sins is a metonym the punishment for sin. Alternate Translation: "to take the punishment we deserved because of our sins"
Gal 1:4
that he might deliver us from this present evil age
Here "this ... age" represents the powers at work in the age. Alternate Translation: "that he might bring us to a place of safety from the evil powers at work in the world today"
Gal 2:6
added nothing to me
The word "me" here represents what Paul was teaching. Alternate Translation: "added nothing to what I teach" or "did not tell me to add anything to what I teach"
Gal 2:11
I opposed him to his face
The words "to his face" are a metonym for "where he could see and hear me." Alternate Translation: "I confronted him in person" or "I challenged his actions in person"
Gal 3:3
by the flesh
The word "flesh" is a metonym for effort. Alternate Translation: "by your own effort" or "by your own work"
Gal 3:13
from the curse of the law ... becoming a curse for us ... Cursed is everyone
The word "curse" here is a metonym for God condemning the person whom he has cursed. Alternate Translation: "from us having God condemn us because we broke the law ... having God condemn him instead of us ... God condemns everyone"
Gal 4:6
sent the Spirit of his Son into our hearts
The heart is metonym for the part of a person that thinks and feels. Alternate Translation: "sent his Son's Spirit to show us how to think and act"
Gal 5:2
if you let yourselves be circumcised
Paul is using circumcision as a metonym for Judaism. Alternate Translation: "if you turn to the Jewish religion"
Gal 5:3
to every man who lets himself be circumcised
Paul is using circumcision as a metonym for being Jewish. Alternate Translation: "to every person who has become a Jew"
Gal 5:6
neither circumcision nor uncircumcision
These are metonymy for being a Jew or a non-Jew. Alternate Translation: "neither being a Jew nor not being a Jew"
Gal 6:12
the cross
The cross here represents what Christ did for us when he died on the cross. Alternate Translation: "the work Jesus did on the cross" or "the death and resurrection of Jesus"
Eph 1:18
that the eyes of your heart may be enlightened
Here "heart" is a metonym for a person's mind. The phrase "eyes of your heart" is a metaphor for one's ability to gain understanding. Alternate Translation: "that you may gain understanding and be enlightened"
Eph 1:21
name
Possible meanings are 1) title or 2) position of authority.
Eph 1:22
all things under Christ's feet
Here "feet" represents Christ's lordship, authority, and power. Alternate Translation: "all things under Christ's power"
Eph 2:2
according to the ways of this world
The apostles also used "world" to refer to the selfish behaviors and corrupt values of the people living in this world. Alternate Translation: "according to the values of people living in the world" or "following the principles of this present world"
Eph 2:3
the desires of the body and of the mind
The words "body" and "mind" represent the entire person.
Eph 2:11
uncircumcision
Non-Jewish people were not circumcised as babies and thus the Jews considered them people who do not follow any of God's laws. Alternate Translation: "uncircumcised pagans"
Eph 2:11
circumcision
This was another term for Jewish people because all male infants were circumcised. Alternate Translation: "circumcised people"
Eph 2:13
by the blood of Christ
The blood of Christ is a metonym for his death. Alternate Translation: "by Christ's death" or "when Christ died for us"
Eph 2:14
By his flesh
The words "his flesh," his physical body, are a metonym for his body dying. Alternate Translation: "By the death of his body on the cross"
Eph 2:16
through the cross
The cross here represents Christ's death on the cross. Alternate Translation: "by means of Christ's death on the cross"
Eph 3:13
for you, which is your glory
Here "your glory" is a metonym for the pride they should feel or will feel in the future kingdom. The Christians in Ephesus should be proud of what Paul is suffering in prison. This can be stated as a new sentence. Alternate Translation: "for you. This is for your benefit" or "for you. You should be proud of this"
Eph 3:17
that Christ may live in your hearts through faith
Here "heart" represents a person's inner being, and "through" expresses the means by which Christ lives within the believer. Christ lives in the hearts of believers because God graciously allows them to have faith. Alternate Translation: "that Christ may live within you because you trust in him"
Eph 4:18
because of the hardness of their hearts
Here "hearts" is a metaphor for people's minds. The phrase "hardness of their hearts" is a metaphor that means "stubbornness." Alternate Translation: "because they are stubborn" or "because they refuse to listen to God"
Eph 4:26
Do not let the sun go down on your anger
The sun going down represents nightfall, or the end of the day. Alternate Translation: "You must stop being angry before night comes" or "Let go of your anger before the day ends"
Eph 5:16
because the days are evil
The word "days" is a metonym for what people do during those days. Alternate Translation: "because the people around you are doing all kinds of evil things"
Eph 5:19
with all your heart
Here "heart" is a metonym for a person's thoughts or inner being. The phrase "with all your heart" means to do something with enthusiasm. Alternate Translation: "with all of your being" or "enthusiastically"
Eph 6:5
in the honesty of your heart
Here "heart" is a metonym for a person's mind or intentions. Alternate Translation: "with honesty" or "with sincerity"
Eph 6:6
from your heart
Here "heart" is a metonym for "thoughts" or "intentions." Alternate Translation: "with sincerity" or "enthusiastically"
Eph 6:7
Serve with all your heart
Here "heart" is a metonym for "thoughts" or "inner being." Alternate Translation: "Serve with all of your being" or "Be completely dedicated when you serve"
Eph 6:20
It is for the gospel that I am an ambassador who is kept in chains
The words "in chains" are a metonym for being in prison. Alternate Translation: "I am now in prison because I am a representative of the gospel"
Eph 6:22
so that he may encourage your hearts
Here "hearts" is a metonym for people's inner beings. Alternate Translation: "so that he may encourage you"
Php 1:5
I give thanks for your fellowship in the gospel
Paul is expressing thanks to God that the Philippians have joined him in teaching people the gospel. He may have been referring to them praying for him and sending money so that he could travel and tell others. Alternate Translation: "I give thanks to God that you are helping me proclaim the gospel"
Php 1:7
I have you in my heart
Here "heart" is a metonym for a person's emotions. This idiom expresses strong affection. Alternate Translation: "I love you very much"
Php 1:13
my chains
Here the word "chains" is a metonym for imprisonment. Alternate Translation: "my imprisonment"
Php 1:17
while I am in chains
Here the phrase "in chains" is a metonym for imprisonment. Alternate Translation: "while I am imprisoned" or "while I am in prison"
Php 1:20
Christ will be exalted in my body
The phrase "my body" is a metonym for what Paul does with his body. This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are 1) "I will honor Christ by what I do" or 2) "people will praise Christ because of what I do"
Php 1:22
But if I am to live in the flesh
The word "flesh" here is a metonym for the body, and "living in the flesh" is a metonym for being alive. Alternate Translation: "But if I am to remain alive in my body" or "But if I continue to live"
Php 2:9
the name that is above every name
Here "name" is a metonym that refers to rank or honor. Alternate Translation: "the rank that is above any other rank" or "the honor that is above any other honor"
Php 2:22
in the gospel
Here "the gospel" stands for the activity of telling people about Jesus. Alternate Translation: "in telling people about the gospel"
Php 3:18
as enemies of the cross of Christ
Here "the cross of Christ" refers to Christ's suffering and death. The enemies are those who say they believe in Jesus but are not willing to suffer or die like Jesus did. Alternate Translation: "in a way that shows they are actually against Jesus, who was willing to suffer and die on a cross"
Php 3:19
their pride is in their shame
Here "shame" stands for the actions that the people should be ashamed about but are not. Alternate Translation: "they are proud of the things that should cause them shame"
Php 3:19
They think about earthly things
Here "earthly" refers to everything that gives physical pleasure and does not honor God. Alternate Translation: "All they think about is what will please themselves rather than what will please God"
Php 4:1
my joy and crown
Paul uses the word "joy" to mean that the Philippian church is the cause of his happiness. A "crown" was made of leaves, and a man wore it on his head as a sign of honor after he won an important game. Here the word "crown" means the Philippian church brought honor to Paul before God. Alternate Translation: "You give me joy because you have believed in Jesus, and you are my reward and honor for my work"
Php 4:2
be of the same mind in the Lord
The phrase "be of the same mind" means to have the same attitude or opinion. Alternate Translation: "agree with each other because you both believe in the same Lord"
Php 4:15
the beginning of the gospel
Paul refers to the gospel here as meaning his preaching of the gospel.
Col 1:5
because of the certain hope reserved for you in heaven
Here "certain hope" stands for what the believer can confidently expect, that is, the things that God has promised to do for all believers. These things are spoken of as if they were physical objects that God was keeping in heaven for the believers to possess later. Alternate Translation: "because you are certain that God, who is in heaven, will do the many good things that he has promised you"
Col 1:20
the blood of his cross
Here "blood" stands for the death of Christ on the cross.
Col 1:23
the gospel of which I, Paul, became a servant
Paul was actually a servant of God. Alternate Translation: "the gospel that I, Paul, serve God by proclaiming"
Col 2:5
not with you in the flesh
The person's flesh, or physical body, is a metonym for the person. Alternate Translation: "not physically present with you"
Col 2:15
by the cross
Here "the cross" stands for Christ's death on the cross.
Col 2:18
who wants humility
The word "humility" is a metonym for actions one does to make others think that one is humble. Alternate Translation: "who wants you to do things to show that you are humble"
Col 2:20
the world
the thoughts, desires, and assumptions of the sinful majority of the world's people
Col 3:4
who is your life
Christ is the one who gives spiritual life to the believer.
Col 3:8
from your mouth
Here "mouth" is a metonym for talk. "in your talk"
Col 3:10
the image
This refers to Jesus Christ.
Col 3:11
there is no Greek and Jew, circumcision and uncircumcision, barbarian, Scythian, slave, freeman
These terms are examples of the categories of people that Paul says do not matter for God. God sees every person alike, not by race, religion, nationality, or social status. Alternate Translation: "race, religion, culture, and social status do not matter"
Col 3:15
Let the peace of Christ rule in your hearts
Paul speaks of the peace that Christ gives as if it were a ruler. Possible meanings are 1) "Do everything so that you can have peaceful relationships with each other" or 2) "Allow God to give you peace in your heart"
Col 3:15
in your hearts
Here "hearts" is a metonym for a people's minds or inner being. Alternate Translation: "in your minds" or "inside of you"
Col 3:16
Sing with thankfulness in your hearts
Here "hearts" is a metonym for people's minds or inner being. Alternate Translation: "Sing with thankfulness in your minds" or "Sing and be thankful"
Col 3:17
in the name of the Lord Jesus
Acting in the name of a person here is a metonym for acting to help other people think well of that person. Alternate Translation: "to honor the Lord Jesus" or "so that others will know you belong to the Lord Jesus and think well of him" or "as if the Lord Jesus himself were doing it"
Col 3:22
with a sincere heart
Heart here is a metonym for a person's thoughts or intentions. Alternate Translation: "with all honest intentions" or "with sincerity"
Col 4:3
Because of this, I am chained up
Here "chained" is a metonym for being in prison. Alternate Translation: "It is for proclaiming the message of Jesus Christ that I am now in prison"
Col 4:11
These alone of the circumcision are my fellow workers for the kingdom of God
Paul uses "circumcision" here to refer to Jews because, under the Old Testament law, all male Jews had to be circumcised. Alternate Translation: "These three men are the only Jewish believers working with me to proclaim God as king through Christ Jesus"
Col 4:18
Remember my chains
Paul speaks of chains when he means his imprisonment. Alternate Translation: "Remember me and pray for me while I am in prison"
Col 4:18
May grace be with you
Here "grace" stands for God, who shows grace or acts kindly to believers. Alternate Translation: "I pray that our Lord Jesus Christ would continue to act graciously toward you all"
1Th 1:1
May grace and peace be to you
The terms "grace" and "peace" are metonyms for the person who acts toward people in a kindly and peaceful manner. Alternate Translation: "May God be kind to you and give you peace"
1Th 1:8
the word of the Lord
Word here is a metonym for "message." Alternate Translation: "the Lord's teachings"
1Th 1:9
what kind of coming we had among you
Here "coming" stands for the enthusiastic welcome experienced by Paul and his companions. Alternate Translation: "how warmly you welcomed us"
1Th 2:4
who examines our hearts
The word "hearts" is a metonym for a person's desires and thoughts. Alternate Translation: "who knows our desires and thoughts"
1Th 2:13
you received it as it truly is, the word of God
Word here is a metonym for "message." Alternate Translation: "you received it as it truth is, the message that comes from God"
1Th 2:17
in person not in heart
Here "heart" represents thoughts and emotions. Though Paul and those traveling with him were not present physically in Thessalonica, they continued to care and think about the believers there. Alternate Translation: "in person, but we continued to think about you"
1Th 2:19
our hope ... Is it not you
By "hope" Paul means the assurance he has that God will reward him for his work. The Thessalonian Christians are the reason for his hope.
1Th 2:19
or joy
The Thessalonians are the reason for his joy.
1Th 2:19
crown of pride
Here "crown" refers to a laurel wreath awarded to victorious athletes. The expression "crown of pride" means a reward for victory, or having done well.
1Th 3:13
strengthen your hearts, so that they will be
Here "heart" is a metonym for one's beliefs and convictions. Alternate Translation: "strenghten you, so that you will be"
1Th 4:15
by the word of the Lord
Word here is a metonym for "message." Alternate Translation: "by means of understanding the teachings of the Lord"
2Th 2:8
with the breath of his mouth
Here "breath" represents the power of God. Alternate Translation: "by the power of his spoken word"
2Th 2:17
comfort and establish your hearts in
Here "hearts" represents the seat of emotions. Alternate Translation: "comfort you and strengthen you for"
2Th 3:5
direct your hearts
Here "heart" is a metonym for a person's thoughts or mind. Alternate Translation: "cause you to understand"
2Th 3:6
in the name of our Lord Jesus Christ
Name here is a metonym for the person of Jesus Christ. Alternate Translation: "as if our Lord Jesus Christ himself were speaking"
1Ti 1:1
Christ Jesus our hope
Here "our confidence" refers to the person in whom we have confidence. Alternate Translation: "Christ Jesus, who is the one in whom we have confidence" or "Christ Jesus, whom we trust"
1Ti 1:5
from a pure heart
Here "pure" means the person does not have hidden motives to do wrong. Here "heart" refers to a person's mind and thoughts. Alternate Translation: "from a mind that is honest"
1Ti 2:8
I want men in every place to pray and to lift up holy hands
Here "holy hands" means the entire person is holy. Alternate Translation: "I want men in every place who are holy to lift up their hands and pray"
1Ti 2:9
They should not have braided hair
During Paul's time, many Roman women braided their hair to make themselves attractive. Braiding is only one way a woman can give undue attention to her hair. If braided hair is unknown, it can be stated in a more general way. Alternate Translation: "They should not have fancy hairstyles" or "They should not have elaborate hairstyle that attract attention"
1Ti 3:5
a church of God
Here "church" refers to a local group of God's people. Alternate Translation: "a group of God's people" or "the believers over whom he is in charge"
1Ti 3:16
in the flesh
Paul uses "flesh" here to mean a human being. Alternate Translation: "as a true human being"
1Ti 4:5
word of God
Here "word" refers to God's message or what he has revealed.
1Ti 5:10
has washed the feet of the saints
Washing the dirty feet of people who have been walking in the dirt and mud is one way of meeting other people's needs and making life more enjoyable for them. This probably means she did humble work in general. Alternate Translation: "has done common work to help other believers"
1Ti 6:1
the name of God
Here "name" refers to God's nature or character. Alternate Translation: "the character of God" or "God"
1Ti 6:12
before many witnesses
Paul expresses the idea of location in order to signal the idea of the people to whom Timothy was speaking. Alternate Translation: "to many witnesses"
2Ti 1:4
I remember your tears
Here "tears" represents crying. Alternate Translation: "I remember how you cried for me"
2Ti 1:12
that day
This refers to the day when God judges all people.
2Ti 1:16
was not ashamed of my chain
Here "chain" is a metonym for being in prison. Onesiphorus was not ashamed that Paul was in prison but came to visit him frequently. Alternate Translation: "was not ashamed that I was in prison"
2Ti 1:18
on that day
This refers to the day when God will judge all people.
2Ti 2:8
according to my gospel message
Paul speaks of the gospel message as if it were especially his. He means that this is the gospel message that he proclaims. Alternate Translation: "according to the gospel message that I preach"
2Ti 2:9
to the point of being bound with chains as a criminal
Here "being chained" represents being a prisoner. This can be stated in active form. Alternate Translation: "to the point of wearing chains as a criminal in prison"
2Ti 2:19
who names the name of the Lord
who calls on the name of the Lord. Here "name of the Lord" refers to the Lord himself. Alternate Translation: "who calls on the Lord" or "who says he is a believer in Christ"
2Ti 2:23
refuse foolish and ignorant questions
refuse to answer foolish and ignorant questions. Paul means that the people who ask such questions are foolish and ignorant. Alternate Translation: "refuse to answer the questions that foolish people who do not want to know the truth ask"
2Ti 4:1
the dead, and because of his appearing and his kingdom
Here "kingdom" stands for Christ's rule as king. Alternate Translation: "the dead when he returns to rule as king"
2Ti 4:2
the word
Word here is a metonym for "message." Alternate Translation: "the message about Christ"
2Ti 4:10
this present world
Here "world" refers to worldly things as opposed to the things of God. Possible meanings are 1) he loves the temporary comforts of this world or 2) he is afraid he will die if he remains with Paul.
2Ti 4:15
opposed our words
Here "words" refers to a message or teaching. Alternate Translation: "opposed the message that we teach"
2Ti 4:19
house of Onesiphorus
Here "house" stands for the people who live there. Alternate Translation: "family of Onesiphorus"
Tit 1:10
those of the circumcision
This refers to the Christian Jews who taught that men must be circumcised in order to follow Christ.
Tit 2:13
our blessed hope, the appearance of the glory of our great God and Savior Jesus Christ
Here "glory" represents Jesus himself who will appear gloriously. Alternate Translation: "the good thing for which we hope, that is, the glorious appearance of our great God and Savior Jesus Christ"
Phm 1:7
the hearts of the saints have been refreshed by you
Here "hearts" is a metonym for a person's emotions or inner being. This can be stated in active form. Alternate Translation: "you have encouraged believers" or "you have helped the believers"
Phm 1:10
in my chains ... while I am in chains
Prisoners were often bound in chains. Paul was in prison when he taught Onesimus and was still in prison when he wrote this letter. Alternate Translation: "while I was in prison ... while I am in prison"
Phm 1:12
who is my very heart
Here "heart" is a metonym for a person's emotions. The phrase "who is my very heart" is a metaphor for loving someone. Paul was saying this about Onesimus. Alternate Translation: "whom I love dearly"
Phm 1:13
in my chains ... while I am in chains
Prisoners were often bound in chains. Paul was in prison when he taught Onesimus and was still in prison when he wrote this letter. Alternate Translation: "while I was in prison ... while I am in prison"
Heb 1:3
the word of his power
his powerful word. Here "word" refers to a message or command. Alternate Translation: "his powerful command"
Heb 1:3
the Majesty on high
Here "Majesty" refers to God. Alternate Translation: "God Most High"
Heb 1:4
as the name he has inherited is more excellent than their name
Here "name" refers to honor and authority. Alternate Translation: "as the honor and authority he has inherited is superior to their honor and authority"
Heb 1:8
Your throne, God, is forever and ever
The Son's throne represents his rule. Alternate Translation: "You are God, and your reign will last forever and ever"
Heb 1:8
The scepter of your kingdom is the scepter of justice
Here "scepter" refers to the Son's rule. Alternate Translation: "And you will rule over the people of your kingdom with justice"
Heb 1:10
The heavens are the work of your hands
Here "hands" refer to God's power and action. Alternate Translation: "You made the heavens"
Heb 2:2
every trespass and disobedience receives just punishment
Here "trespass" and "disobedience" stand for the people who are guilty of these sins. Alternate Translation: "every person who sins and disobeys will receive just punishment"
Heb 2:5
the world to come
Here "world" refers to the people who live there. And "to come" means that this is the world in the next age after Christ returns. Alternate Translation: "the people who will live in the new world"
Heb 2:12
I will proclaim your name to my brothers
Here "name" refers to the person's reputation and what they have done. Alternate Translation: "I will proclaim to my brothers the great things you have done"
Heb 3:1
you share in a heavenly calling
Here "heavenly" represents God. Alternate Translation: "God has called us together"
Heb 3:5
bearing witness about the things
This phrase probably refers to all of Moses' work. Alternate Translation: "Moses' life and work pointed to the things"
Heb 3:7
if you hear his voice
God's "voice" represents him speaking. Alternate Translation: "when you hear God speak"
Heb 3:8
do not harden your hearts
Here "hearts" is a metonym for a person's mind. The phrase "harden your hearts" is a metaphor for being stubborn. Alternate Translation: "do not be stubborn" or "do not refuse to listen"
Heb 3:12
there will not be anyone with an evil heart of unbelief, a heart that turns away from the living God
Here "heart" is a metonym that represents a person's mind or will. Refusing to believe and obey God is spoken of as if the heart did not believe and it physically turned away from God. Alternate Translation: "there will not be any of you who refuse to believe the truth and who stop obeying the living God"
Heb 3:15
if you hear his voice
God's "voice" represents him speaking. See how you translated this in [Hebrews 3:7](./07.md). Alternate Translation: "when you hear God speak"
Heb 4:7
do not harden your hearts
Here "hearts" is a metonym for a person's mind. The phrase "harden your hearts" is a metaphor for being stubborn. See how you translated this in [Hebrews 3:7-8](../03/07.md). Alternate Translation: "do not be stubborn" or "do not refuse to listen"
Heb 4:12
the heart's thoughts and intentions
Heart here is a metonym for "inner self." Alternate Translation: "what a person is thinking and intends to do"
Heb 4:16
to the throne of grace
to God's throne, where there is grace. Here "throne" refers to God ruling as king. Alternate Translation: "to where our gracious God is sitting on his throne"
Heb 5:4
takes this honor
The "honor" or praise and respect that people gave to the high priest stand for his task.
Heb 5:7
During the days of his flesh
Here "the days" stands for a period of time. And, "flesh" stand for Jesus's earthly life. Alternate Translation: "While he lived on earth"
Heb 5:13
takes milk
Here "takes" stands for "drinks." Alternate Translation: "drinks milk"
Heb 5:14
who because of their maturity have their understanding trained for distinguishing good from evil
People trained to understand something are spoken of as if their ability to understand had been trained. Alternate Translation: "who are mature and can distinguish between good and evil"
Heb 6:5
the powers of the age to come
This means the power of God when his kingdom is fully present in all the world. In this sense, "the powers" refer to God himself, who holds all power. Alternate Translation: "learned how God will work powerfully in the future"
Heb 6:10
for his name
God's "name" is a metonym that stands for God himself. Alternate Translation: "for him"
Heb 6:14
I will greatly increase you
Here "increase" stands for give descendants. Alternate Translation: "I will give you many descendants"
Heb 7:16
the law of fleshly descent
The idea of human descent is spoken of as if it had only to do with the flesh of one's body. Alternate Translation: "the law of human descent" or "the law about priests' descendants becoming priests"
Heb 7:28
the law appoints as high priests men who have weaknesses
Here "the law" is a metonym for the men who appointed the high priests according to the law of Moses. The focus is not on the men who did this, but on the fact that they did this according to the law. Alternate Translation: "according to the law, men appoint as high priests men who have weaknesses" or "for according to the law, men who have weaknesses are appointed as high priests"
Heb 7:28
the word of the oath, which came after the law, appointed a Son
The "word of the oath" represents God who made the oath. Alternate Translation: "God appointed a Son by his oath, which he made after he gave the law" or "after he had given the law, God swore an oath and appointed his Son"
Heb 8:10
I will also write them on their hearts
Here "hearts" is a metonym for a person's inner being. The phrase "write them on their hearts" is a metaphor for enabling people to obey the law. Alternate Translation: "I will also put them in their hearts" or "I will enable them to obey my law"
Heb 8:11
Know the Lord ... will all know me
Know here stands for acknowledge.
Heb 8:12
toward their evil deeds
This stands for the people who committed these evil deeds. Alternate Translation: "to those who did evil deeds"
Heb 8:12
their sins I will not remember any longer
Here "remember" stands for "think about."
Heb 9:5
cherubim
Here "cherubim" means figures of two cherubim.
Heb 9:8
the first tabernacle was still standing
Possible meanings are 1) "the outer room of the tabernacle was still standing" or 2) "the earthly tabernacle and the sacrificial system still existed."
Heb 9:13
for the cleansing of their flesh
Here "flesh" refers to the entire body. Alternate Translation: "for the cleansing of their bodies"
Heb 9:14
the blood of Christ
The "blood" of Christ stands for his death.
Heb 9:14
cleanse our conscience
Here "conscience" refers to a person's feeling of guilt. Believers no longer have to feel guilty for the sins they have committed because Jesus sacrificed himself and has forgiven them.
Heb 9:15
to free those under the first covenant from their sins
to take away the sins of those who were under the first covenant. Possible meanings are 1) here "their sins" is a metonym for the guilt of their sins. Alternate Translation: "to take away the guilt of those who were under the first covenant" or 2) here "their sins" is a metonym for the punishment for their sins. Alternate Translation: "to take away the punisment for sins of those who were under the first covenant"
Heb 9:18
blood
The death of animals sacrificed to God is spoken of as if it were nothing but blood. Alternate Translation: "the death of animals sacrificed to God"
Heb 9:20
the blood of the covenant
Here "blood" refers to the death of the animals sacrificed to carry out the covenant's requirements. Alternate Translation: "the blood that brings into effect the covenant"
Heb 9:21
blood
Here the animal "blood" is talking about the animal's death.
Heb 9:22
Without the shedding of blood there is no forgiveness
Here "shedding of blood" refers to something dying as a sacrifice to God. This double negative can mean that all forgiveness comes through the shedding of blood. Alternate Translation: "Forgiveness only comes when something dies as a sacrifice" or "God only forgives when something dies as a sacrifice"
Heb 9:28
the sins
Here "sins" mean the guilt that people have before God because of the sins they committed.
Heb 10:4
the blood of bulls and goats
Here "blood" refers to these animals dying as sacrifices to God.
Heb 10:16
I will put my laws in their hearts
Here "hearts" is a metonym for a person's inner being. The phrase "put them in their hearts" is a metaphor for enabling people to obey the law. Alternate Translation: "I will enable them to obey my laws"
Heb 10:19
by the blood of Jesus
Here "blood of Jesus" refers to the death of Jesus.
Heb 10:20
by means of his flesh
Here "flesh" stands for the body of Jesus, and his body stands for his sacrificial death. Alternate Translation: "by means of his death"
Heb 10:22
let us approach
Here "approach" stands for worshiping God, as a priest would go up to God's altar to sacrifice animals to him.
Heb 10:22
with true hearts
with faithful hearts or "with honest hearts." Here "hearts" stands for the genuine will and motivation of the believers. Alternate Translation: "with sincerity" or "sincerely"
Heb 10:22
hearts sprinkled clean
Here "hearts" is a metonym for the conscience, the awareness of right and wrong. Being made clean is a metaphor for being forgiven and being given the status of righteousness.
Heb 10:22
our bodies washed with pure water
If the translator understands this phrase as referring to Christian baptism, then "water" is literal, not figurative. But if water is taken as literal, then "pure" is figurative, standing for the spiritual purity that baptism is said here to accomplish. The "washing" stands for the believer being made acceptable to God.
Heb 10:29
the blood of the covenant
Here "blood" stands for Christ's death, by which God established the new covenant.
Heb 11:7
the world
Here "world" refers to the world's human population. Alternate Translation: "the people living in the world at that time"
Heb 11:10
the city with foundations
the city that has foundations. Having foundations indicates that the city is permanent. Alternate Translation: "the eternal city"
Heb 11:28
should not touch
Here "touch" refers to harming or to killing someone. Alternate Translation: "would not harm" or "would not kill"
Heb 11:38
The world was not worthy
Here "world" refers to the people. Alternate Translation: "The people of this world were not worthy"
Heb 11:39
the promise
This expression stands for "what God had promised them."
Heb 12:3
weary in your hearts
Here "hearts" represents a person's thoughts and emotions. Alternate Translation: "discouraged"
Heb 12:4
of blood
Here "blood" refers to death. Alternate Translation: "of death"
Heb 12:19
nor to a voice that speaks words whose hearers begged that not another word be spoken to them
Here "voice" refers to someone speaking. The phrase "be spoken" can be stated in active form. Alternate Translation: "or where God was speaking in such a way that those who heard him begged him not to speak another word to them"
Heb 12:24
blood
Here "blood" stands for Jesus' death, as Abel's blood stands for his death.
Heb 13:7
Imitate their faith
Here the trust in God and the way of life led by these leaders are spoken of as "their faith." Alternate Translation: "Trust and obey God in the same way they do"
Heb 13:8
is the same yesterday, today, and forever
Here "yesterday" means all times in the past. Alternate Translation: "is the same in the past, the present, and in the future forever"
Heb 13:9
the heart should be strengthened
Here "heart" is a metonym for the "inner being." Alternate Translation: "we should be strengthened inwardly"
Heb 13:9
foods
Here "foods" stands for rules about food.
Heb 13:10
We have an altar
Here "altar" stands for "place of worship." It also stands for the animals that the priests in the old covenant sacrificed, from which they took meat for themselves and their families.
Heb 13:12
outside the city gate
This stands for "outside the city."
Heb 13:15
his name
A person's name represents that person. Alternate Translation: "him"
Heb 13:17
not with groaning
Here "groaning" stands for sadness or grief.
Heb 13:20
by the blood of the eternal covenant
Here "blood" stands for the death of Jesus, which is the basis for the covenant that will last forever between God and all believers in Christ.
Heb 13:22
the word of encouragement
Here "word" stands for a message. Alternate Translation: "the encouraging message"
Jas 1:26
his tongue
Controlling one's tongue stands for controlling one's speech. Alternate Translation: "what he says"
Jas 1:26
his heart
Here "heart" refers to his belief or thoughts. Alternate Translation: "himself"
Jas 2:7
the good name by which you have been called
This refers to Christ's name. Alternate Translation: "the name of Christ who called you"
Jas 2:16
stay warm
This means either "have enough clothes to wear" or "have a place to sleep."
Jas 2:16
for the body
to eat, to wear, and to live comfortably
Jas 2:22
You see
The word "see" is a metonym. Alternate Translation: "You understand"
Jas 3:6
The tongue is also a fire
The tongue is a metonym for what people say. James calls it a fire because of the great damage it can do. Alternate Translation: "The tongue is like a fire"
Jas 3:14
if you have bitter jealousy and ambition in your heart
Here "heart" is a metonym for a person's emotions or thoughts. This can be restated to remove the abstract nouns "jealousy" and "ambition." Alternate Translation: "if you are jealous and selfish" or "if you desire what other people have and you want to succeed even if it harms others"
Jas 3:15
This is not the wisdom that comes down from above
Here "This" refers to the "bitter jealousy and strife" described in the previous verses. The phrase "from above" is a metonym that represents "heaven" which represents God himself. Alternate Translation: "This is not the kind of wisdom that God teaches us from heaven"
Jas 3:15
earthly
The word "earthly" refers to the values and behaviors of the people who do not honor God. Alternate Translation: "not honoring to God"
Jas 4:4
friendship with the world
This phrase refers to identifying with or participating in the world's value system and behavior.
Jas 4:4
friendship with the world is hostility against God
One who is friends with the world is an enemy of God. Here "friendship with the world" stands for being friends with the world, and "hostility against God" stands for being hostile against God. Alternate Translation: "friends of the world are enemies of God"
Jas 4:8
Cleanse your hands
This expression is a command for people to do righteous acts instead of unrighteous acts. Alternate Translation: "Behave in a way that honors God"
Jas 4:8
purify your hearts
Here "hearts" refers to a person's thoughts and emotions. Alternate Translation: "make your thoughts and intentions right"
Jas 4:11
brothers
James speaks of the believers as if they are biological brothers. The term here includes women as well as men. Alternate Translation: "fellow believers"
Jas 5:3
your flesh
Here "flesh" stands for the physical body.
Jas 5:3
for the last days
This refers to the time right before God comes to judge all people. The wicked think they are storing up riches for the future, but what they are doing is storing up judgment. Alternate Translation: "for when God is about to judge you"
Jas 5:5
your hearts
The "heart" was considered to be the center of human desire, and here stands for the entire person.
Jas 5:7
until the Lord's coming
This phrase refers to the return of Jesus, when he will begin his kingdom on the earth and judge all people. Alternate Translation: "until Christ's return"
Jas 5:8
Make your hearts strong
James is equating the believers' hearts to their will to remain committed. Alternate Translation: "Stay committed" or "Keep your faith strong"
Jas 5:10
spoke in the name of the Lord
Name here is a metonym for the person of the Lord. Alternate Translation: "by the authority of the Lord" or "spoke for the Lord to the people"
Jas 5:12
either by heaven or by the earth
The words "heaven" and "earth" refer to the spiritual or human authorities that are in heaven and earth.
Jas 5:14
in the name of the Lord
Name is a metonym for the person of Jesus Christ. Alternate Translation: "by the authority of the Lord" or "with the authority that the Lord has given hthem"
Jas 5:15
The prayer of faith will heal the sick person
The writer speaks of God hearing believers pray for sick people and healing those people as if the prayers themselves healed the people. Alternate Translation: "The Lord will hear the prayer of faith and will heal the sick person"
Jas 5:18
fruit
Here "fruit" stands for all the crops of the farmers.
Jas 5:20
whoever turns a sinner from his wandering way ... will cover over a great number of sins
James means that God will use the actions of this person to persuade the sinner to repent and be saved. But James speaks as if it were this other person who actually saved the sinner's soul from death.
1Pe 1:2
for the sprinkling of the blood of Jesus Christ
Here "the blood" refers to the death of Jesus. Just as Moses sprinkled blood on the people of Israel to symbolize their covenant with God, believers are in covenant with God because of Jesus' death.
1Pe 1:19
the precious blood of Christ
Here "blood" stands for Christ's death on the cross.
1Pe 1:22
love one another earnestly from the heart
Here "heart" is a metonym for a person's thoughts or emotions. To love someone "from the heart" means to love some one completely with total commitment. Alternate Translation: "love one another earnestly and completely"
1Pe 1:23
through the living and remaining word of God
Peter speaks of God's word as if it were alive forever. In reality, it is God who lives forever, and whose instructions and promises last eternally.
1Pe 1:24
All flesh is like grass, and all its
The word "flesh" refers to humanity. The prophet Isaiah compares humanity to grass that grows and dies quickly. Alternate Translation: "All people will die like grass dies, and all their"
1Pe 2:5
a holy priesthood that offers the spiritual sacrifices
Here the position of priesthood stands for the priests who fulfill its duties.
1Pe 2:11
make war against your soul
Here the word "soul" refers to a person's spiritual life. Peter speaks of sinful desires as soldiers that are trying to destroy the spiritual life of believers. Alternate Translation: "seek to destroy your spiritual life"
1Pe 2:22
neither was any deceit found in his mouth
Here "deceit" refers to words that a person speaks that are intended to deceive other people. Alternate Translation: "neither did he speak any lies"
1Pe 2:24
carried our sins in his body to the tree
Here "carried our sins" means he suffered the punishment for our sins. Alternate Translation: "suffered the punishment for our sins in his body on the tree"
1Pe 2:24
the tree
This is a reference to the cross on which Jesus died, which was made of wood.
1Pe 3:1
some men are disobedient to the word
Here "the word" refers to the gospel message. To disobey means that they do not believe. See how you translated a similar phrase in [1 Peter 2:8](../02/07.md). Alternate Translation: "some men do not believe the message about Jesus"
1Pe 3:4
the inner person of the heart
Here the words "inner person" and "heart" refer to the inward character and personality of a person. Alternate Translation: "what you really are on the inside"
1Pe 5:6
under God's mighty hand so
Here the word "hand" refers to God's power to save the humble and punish the proud. Alternate Translation: "under God's great power so" or "before God, realizing that he has great power, so"
1Pe 5:9
Stand against him
Standing is a metonym for fighting. Alternate Translation: "Fight against him"
1Pe 5:12
what I have written is the true grace of God
I have written about the true grace of God. Here the word "grace" refers to the gospel message, which tells of the kind things that God has done for believers.
2Pe 1:17
the Majestic Glory saying
Peter refers to God in terms of his glory. This is a euphemism that avoids using God's name, out of reverence for him. Alternate Translation: "God, the Supreme Glory, saying"
2Pe 2:5
he did not spare the ancient world
Here the word "world" refers to the people who lived in it. Alternate Translation: "he did not spare the people who lived in the ancient world"
2Pe 2:10
authority
Here "authority" stands for God, who has the right to give commands and to punish disobedience.
2Pe 2:14
They have eyes full of adultery
Here the "eyes" represent their desires and "eyes full" means they constant want something. Alternate Translation: "They constantly want to commit adultery"
2Pe 2:14
hearts trained in covetousness
Here the word "hearts" refers to the thoughts and emotions of the person. Because of their habitual actions, they have trained themselves to think and act out of covetousness.
2Pe 2:16
stopped the prophet's insanity
God used a donkey to stop the prophet's foolish action.
2Pe 2:20
the corruption of the world
The word "defilements" refers to sinful behavior that makes one morally impure. The "world" refers to human society. Alternate Translation: "the defiling practices of sinful human society"
1Jn 1:1
life
The word "life" throughout this letter refers to more than physical life. It stands here for Jesus, the eternal life.
1Jn 1:2
the eternal life
Here, "the eternal life" refers to the one who gives that life, Jesus. Alternate Translation: "the one who enables us to live forever"
1Jn 1:5
God is light
This is a metaphor that means that God is perfectly pure and holy. Cultures that associate goodness with light may be able to keep the idea of light without explaining the metaphor. Alternate Translation: "God is purely righteous like pure light"
1Jn 1:7
the blood of Jesus
This refers to the death of Jesus.
1Jn 2:12
because of his name
his name refers to Christ and who he is. Alternate Translation: "because of what Christ has done for you"
1Jn 2:15
Do not love the world nor
In 2:15-17 the word "world" refers to all the things people want to do that do not honor God. Alternate Translation: "Do not behave like the people in the world who do not honor God, and do not love"
1Jn 2:18
it is the last hour
The phrase "the last hour" refers to the time just before Jesus returns. Alternate Translation: "Jesus will return soon"
1Jn 2:25
life
The word "life" throughout this letter refers to more than physical life. It stands here for Jesus, the eternal life. See how you translated this in [1 John 1:1-2](../01/01.md).
1Jn 3:1
the world does not know us, because it did not know him
Here "the world" refers to people who do not honor God. What the world did not know can be made explicit: Alternate Translation: "those who do not honor God do not know that we belong to God, because they did not know God"
1Jn 3:8
from the beginning
This refers to the very earliest time of creation before humans first sinned. Alternate Translation: "since the earliest time of creation"
1Jn 3:13
if the world hates you
Here the word "world" refers to the people who do not honor God. Alternate Translation: "if those who do not honor God hate you who do honor God"
1Jn 3:14
life
The word "life" throughout this letter refers to more than physical life. It stands here for Jesus, the eternal life. See how you translated this in [1 John 1:1-2](../01/01.md).
1Jn 3:17
shuts up his heart of compassion from him
Here "heart" is a metonym for "thoughts" or "emotions." Here "shuts up his heart of compassion" is a metaphor for no longer showing someone compassion. Alternate Translation: "does not show him compassion" or "does not willingly help him"
1Jn 3:19
we assure our hearts
The word "heart" here refers to feelings. Alternate Translation: "we do not feel guilty"
1Jn 3:20
if our hearts condemn us
Here "hearts" is a metonym for people's thoughts or consciences. Here "hearts condemn us" is a metaphor for feeling guilty. Alternate Translation: "if we know that we have sinned and as a result feel guilty"
1Jn 3:20
God is greater than our hearts
Here "hearts" is metonym for people's thoughts or consciences. For God to be "greater than our hearts" means that God knows more than a person. Therefore he can judge things better than a person can. The effect of this truth is probably that God is more merciful than our consciences would suppose. Alternate Translation: "God knows more than we do"
1Jn 4:1
do not believe every spirit
Here, the word "spirit" refers to a spiritual power or being that gives a person a message or prophecy. Alternate Translation: "do not trust every prophet who claims to have a message from a spirit"
1Jn 4:1
test the spirits
Here, the word "spirits" refers to a spiritual power or being that gives a person a message or prophecy. Alternate Translation: "think carefully about what the prophet says"
1Jn 4:4
the one who is in the world
Two possible meanings are 1) this refers to Satan. Alternate Translation: "Satan, who is in the world" or "Satan, who works through those who do not obey God" or 2) this refers to worldly teachers. Alternate Translation: "worldly teachers"
1Jn 4:5
They are from the world
The words "are from" are a metaphor for "receive their power and authority." "The world" is a metonym ultimately for "the one who is in the world," Satan, though it is also a metonym for sinful people who gladly listen to them and so also give them authority.
1Jn 4:5
therefore what they say is from the world
The world here is a metonym ultimately for "the one who is in the world," Satan, though it is also a metonym for sinful people who gladly listen to them and so also give them authority. Alternate Translation: "therefore they teach what they have learned from sinful people"
1Jn 4:5
and the world listens to them
The words "the world" are a metonym for people who do not obey God. Alternate Translation: "so the people who do not obey God listen to them"
1Jn 5:4
the world
This passage uses "the world" to refer to all the sinful people and the evil systems in the world. Alternate Translation: "everything in the world that is against God"
1Jn 5:6
This is the one who came by water and blood: Jesus Christ
Jesus Christ is the one who came by water and blood. Here "water" is probably a metonym for the baptism of Jesus, and "blood" stands for Jesus' death on the cross. Alternate Translation: "God showed that Jesus Christ is his son at Jesus' baptism and his death on the cross"
1Jn 5:6
He came not only by water, but also by water and blood
Here "water" is probably a metonym for the baptism of Jesus, and "blood" stands for Jesus' death on the cross. Alternate Translation: "God did not show us Jesus was his son just through his baptism, but through his baptism and his death on the cross"
1Jn 5:13
to you who believe in the name of the Son of God
Here "name" is a metonym for the Son of God. Alternate Translation: "to you who trust in the Son of God"
1Jn 5:19
the whole world
Here "world" is a way in which some biblical writers refer to the people living in the world who are in rebellion against God and to the world system that is affected in every way by the corrupting power of sin.
1Jn 5:20
and eternal life
He is called "eternal life" becasue he gives us eternal life. Alternate Translation: "and the one who gives eternal life"
2Jn 1:7
Jesus Christ came in the flesh
Coming in the flesh is a metonym for being a real person. Alternate Translation: "Jesus Christ came as a real human"
3Jn 1:7
because it was for the sake of the name that they went out
Here "the name" refers to Jesus. Alternate Translation: "for they have gone out to tell people about Jesus"
Jud 1:6
utter darkness
Here "darkness" is a metonym which represents the place of the dead or hell. Alternate Translation: "in utter darkness in hell"
Jud 1:7
the cities around them
Here "cities" stands for the people who lived in them.
Jud 1:13
for whom the gloom of thick darkness has been reserved forever
Here "darkness" is a metonym that represents the place of the dead or hell. Here "thick darkness" is an idiom that means "very dark." The phrase "has been reserved" can be stated in active form. Alternate Translation: "and God will put them in the gloom and darkness of hell forever"
Jud 1:21
the mercy of our Lord Jesus Christ that brings you eternal life
Here "mercy" stands for Jesus Christ himself, who will show his mercy to the believers by making them live forever with him.
Rev 1:7
pierced him
Jesus' hands and feet were pierced when he was nailed to the cross. Here it refers to people killing him. Alternate Translation: "killed him"
Rev 2:3
because of my name
Name here is a metonym for the person of Jesus Christ. Alternate Translation: "because of me" or "because you believe in my name" or "because you believe in me"
Rev 2:13
Satan's throne
Possible meanings are 1) Satan's power and evil influence on people, or 2) the place where Satan rules.
Rev 2:22
I will throw her onto a sickbed ... into great suffering
Her having to lie in bed would be the result of Jesus making her very sick. Alternate Translation: "I will make her lie sick in bed ... I will make suffer greatly" or "I will make her very sick ... I will make suffer greatly"
Rev 2:23
thoughts and hearts
The term "heart" a metonym that represents feelings and desires. Alternate Translation: "what people think and want"
Rev 3:4
a few names
The word "names" is a metonym for the people themselves. Alternate Translation: "a few people"
Rev 3:5
I will speak his name
He would not simply say the person's name, but announce that the person belongs to him. Alternate Translation: "I will announce that he belongs to me"
Rev 3:8
my name
The word "name" here is is a metonym for the person who has that name. Alternate Translation: "me"
Rev 3:20
hears my voice
The phrase "my voice" refers to Christ speaking. Alternate Translation: "hears me speak" or "hears me call"
Rev 3:21
to sit down with me on my throne
To sit on a throne means to rule. Alternate Translation: "to rule with me" or "to sit down on my throne and rule with me"
Rev 4:11
to receive glory and honor and power
These are things that God always has. Being praised for having them is spoken of as receiving them. Alternate Translation: "to be praised for your glory, honor, and power" or "for everyone to praise you because you are glorious, honorable, and powerful"
Rev 5:9
with your blood
Since blood represents a person's life, losing the blood represents dying. This probably means "by your death" or "by dying."
Rev 5:12
to receive power, wealth, wisdom, strength, honor, glory, and praise
These are all things that the Lamb has. Being praised for having them is spoken of as receiving them. This can be restated to remove the abstract nouns. See how you translated a similar sentence in [Revelation 4:11](../04/11.md). Alternate Translation: "for everyone to honor, glorify, and praise him because he is powerful, wealthy, wise, and strong"
Rev 6:6
the oil and the wine
These expressions probably stand for the olive oil harvest and the grape harvest.
Rev 6:8
one-fourth of the earth
Here "the earth" represents the people of the earth. Alternate Translation: "one-fourth of the people on the earth"
Rev 6:8
the sword
A sword is a weapon, and here it represents war.
Rev 6:10
avenge our blood
The word blood here represents their deaths. Alternate Translation: "punish those who killed us"
Rev 6:16
the face of the one
Here "face" represents "presence." Alternate Translation: "the presence of the one" or "the one"
Rev 6:17
the great day of their wrath has come
The day of their wrath refers to the time when they would punish wicked people. Alternate Translation: "this is the terrible time when they will punish people"
Rev 6:17
Who is able to stand?
Surviving, or staying alive, is spoken of as standing. This question is used to express their great sadness and fear that no one will be able to survive when God punishes them. Alternate Translation: "No one can survive"
Rev 7:2
the seal of the living God
The word "seal" here refers to a tool that is used to press a mark onto a wax seal. In this case the tool would be used to put a mark on God's people. Alternate Translation: "the marker" or "stamp"
Rev 7:3
put a seal on the foreheads
The word "seal" here refers to a mark. This mark shows that the people belong to God and that he will protect them. Alternate Translation: "put a mark on the foreheads"
Rev 7:14
the blood of the Lamb
The word "blood" is used to refer to the death of Lamb.
Rev 7:17
God will wipe away every tear from their eyes
Tears here represent sadness. Alternate Translation: "God will wipe away their sadness, like wiping away tears" or "God will cause them to not be sad anymore"
Rev 8:4
the angel's hand
This refers to the bowl in the angel's hand. Alternate Translation: "the bowl in the angel's hand"
Rev 8:5
filled it with fire
The word "fire" here probably refers to burning coals. Alternate Translation: "filled it with burning coals" or "filled it with coals of fire"
Rev 9:4
the seal of God
The word "seal" here refers to a tool that is used to press a mark onto a wax seal. In this case the tool would be used to put a mark on God's people. See how you translated "seal" in [Revelation 7:3](../07/03.md). Alternate Translation: "the marker of God" or "stamp of God"
Rev 10:1
his feet were like pillars of fire
The word "feet" refers to the legs. Alternate Translation: "his legs were like pillars of fire"
Rev 10:11
languages
This refers to the people who speak the languages. Alternate Translation: "many language communities" or "many groups of people who speak their own languages"
Rev 11:12
a loud voice from heaven
The word "voice" refers to the one who speaks. Alternate Translation: "someone speak loudly to them from heaven and"
Rev 11:15
The kingdom of the world ... the kingdom of our Lord and of his Christ
Here "kingdom" refers to the authority to rule the world. Alternate Translation: "The authority to rule the world ... the authority that belongs to our Lord and his Christ"
Rev 11:15
the world
This refers to everyone in the world. Alternate Translation: "everyone in the world"
Rev 11:18
the prophets, those who are believers, and those who feared your name
This list explains what "your servants" means. These were not three completely different groups of people. The prophets also were believers and feared God's name. "Name" here is a metonym for the person of Jesus Christ. Alternate Translation: "the prophets, those who are believers, and those who fear you" or "the prophets and the others who are believers and fear your name"
Rev 12:10
I heard a loud voice in heaven
The word "voice" refers to someone who speaks. Alternate Translation: "I heard someone saying loudly from heaven"
Rev 12:11
by the blood of the Lamb
The blood refers to his death. Alternate Translation: "because the lamb had shed his blood and died for them"
Rev 13:2
his throne
The word "throne" here refers to the dragon's authority to rule as king. Alternate Translation: "his royal authority" or "his authority to rule as king"
Rev 13:3
The whole earth
The word "earth" refers to the people on it. Alternate Translation: "All the people on the earth"
Rev 13:5
The beast was given a mouth that could speak
Being given a mouth refers to being allowed to speak. Alternate Translation: "The beast was allowed to speak"
Rev 13:10
with the sword
The sword represents war. Alternate Translation: "in war"
Rev 13:15
to give breath to the beast's image
Here the word "breath" represents life. Alternate Translation: "to give life to the beast's image"
Rev 14:5
No lie was found in their mouth
Their "mouth" refers to what they said." Alternate Translation: "They never lied when they spoke"
Rev 14:8
who persuaded
Babylon is spoken of as if it were a person, instead of a city filled with people.
Rev 14:11
The smoke from their torment
The phrase "their torment" refers to the fire that torments them. Alternate Translation: "The smoke from the fire that torments them"
Rev 15:4
glorify your name
The phrase "your name" refers to God. Alternate Translation: "glorify you"
Rev 16:2
poured out his bowl
The word "bowl" refers to what is in it. Alternate Translation: "poured out the wine from his bowl" or "poured out God's wrath from his bowl"
Rev 16:3
poured out his bowl
The word "bowl" refers to what is in it. See how you translated this in [Revelation 16:2](./02.md). Alternate Translation: "poured out the wine from his bowl" or "poured out God's wrath from his bowl"
Rev 16:4
poured out his bowl
The word "bowl" refers to what is in it. See how you translated this in [Revelation 16:2](./02.md). Alternate Translation: "poured out the wine from his bowl" or "poured out God's wrath from his bowl"
Rev 16:6
they poured out the blood of the saints and prophets
Here "poured out the blood" means killed. Alternate Translation: "they murdered God's holy people and the prophets"
Rev 16:7
I heard the altar reply
The word "altar" here refers perhaps to someone at the altar. "I heard someone at the altar reply"
Rev 16:8
poured out his bowl
The word "bowl" refers to what is in it. See how you translated this in [Revelation 16:2](./02.md). Alternate Translation: "poured out the wine from his bowl" or "poured out God's wrath from his bowl"
Rev 16:9
they blasphemed the name of God
Here the name of God represents God. Alternate Translation: "they blasphemed God"
Rev 16:10
poured out his bowl
The word "bowl" refers to what is in it. See how you translated this in [Revelation 16:2](./02.md). Alternate Translation: "poured out the wine from his bowl" or "poured out God's wrath from his bowl"
Rev 16:10
the throne of the beast
This is where the beast reigns from. It may refer to the capital city of his kingdom.
Rev 16:12
poured out his bowl
The word "bowl" refers to what is in it. See how you translated this in [Revelation 16:2](./02.md). Alternate Translation: "poured out the wine from his bowl" or "poured out God's wrath from his bowl"
Rev 16:17
poured out his bowl
The word "bowl" refers to what is in it. See how you translated this in [Revelation 16:2](./02.md). Alternate Translation: "poured out the wine from his bowl" or "poured out God's wrath from his bowl"
Rev 16:17
Then a loud voice came out of the temple and from the throne
This means someone sitting on the throne or someone standing near the throne spoke loudly. It is unclear who is speaking.
Rev 16:20
the mountains were no longer found
The inability to see any mountains is metonymy expressing the idea that no mountains existed any longer. Alternate Translation: "there were no longer any mountains"
Rev 17:15
languages
This refers to people who speak the languages. See how you translated this in [Revelation 10:11](../10/11.md).
Rev 17:17
God has put it into their hearts
Here "heart" is a metonym for desires. Making them want to do something is spoken of as putting it in their hearts to do it. Alternate Translation: "God has made them want"
Rev 17:18
the great city that rules
When it says that the city rules, it means that the leader of the city rules. Alternate Translation: "the great city whose leader rules"
Rev 18:3
all the nations
The nations is a metonym for the people of those nations. Alternate Translation: "the people of all the nations"
Rev 18:4
another voice
The word "voice" refers to the speaker, which is probably either Jesus or the Father. Alternate Translation: "someone else"
Rev 18:7
For she says in her heart
Here "heart" is a metonym for a person's mind or thoughts. Alternate Translation: "For she says to herself"
Rev 18:17
whose living is made from the sea
The phrase "from the sea" refers to what they do on the sea. Alternate Translation: "who travel on the sea to make their living" or "who sail on the sea to different places in order to trade things"
Rev 18:21
will not be seen anymore
no one will see it anymore. Not being seen here means that it will not exist. Alternate Translation: "it will not exist anymore"
Rev 18:22
will not be heard anymore in you
no one will hear them anymore in you. Not being heard here means that they will not be there. Alternate Translation: "they will not be in your city anymore"
Rev 18:22
No craftsman ... will be found in you
Not being found there means that they will not be there. Alternate Translation: "No craftsman of any kind will be in your city"
Rev 18:22
No sound of a mill will be heard anymore in you
The sound of something not being heard means that no one will make that sound. Alternate Translation: "No one will use a mill in your city"
Rev 18:23
will not be heard in you anymore
Not being heard here means that they will not be there. Alternate Translation: "will not be in your city anymore"
Rev 19:2
who corrupted the earth
Here "the earth" is a metonym for its inhabitants. Alternate Translation: "who corrupted the people of the earth"
Rev 19:2
the blood of his servants
Here "the blood" is a metonym that represents murder. Alternate Translation: "murdering his servants"
Rev 19:17
I saw an angel standing in the sun
Here "the sun" is a metonym for the light of the sun. Alternate Translation: "Then I saw an angel standing in the light of the sun"
Rev 20:3
deceive the nations
Here "nations" is a metonym for the people of the earth. Alternate Translation: "deceive the people-groups"
Rev 20:4
for the word of God
These words are a metonym for the message from God. Alternate Translation: "for what they taught about the scriptures"
Rev 20:13
Hades
Here "Hades" is a metonym that represents the place where unbelievers go when they die, to wait for God's judgment.
Rev 21:3
a great voice from the throne saying
The word "voice" refers to the one who speaks. Alternate Translation: "someone speak loudly from the throne saying"
Rev 21:4
He will wipe away every tear from their eyes
Tears here represent sadness. See how you translated this in [Revelation 7:17](../07/17.md). Alternate Translation: "God will wipe away their sadness, like wiping away tears" or "God will cause them to not be sad anymore"
Rev 21:5
these words are trustworthy and true
Here "words" refers to the message that they formed. Alternate Translation: "this message is trustworthy and true"
Rev 21:24
The nations will walk
The words "the nations" are a metonym for the people who live in the nations. "Walk" here is a metaphor for "live." Alternate Translation: "The people from all the different nations will live"
Rev 22:2
the nations
Here "nations" refers to the people who live in every nation. Alternate Translation: "the people of all nations"
Rev 22:6
These words are trustworthy and true
Here "words" refers to the message that they formed. See how you translated this in [Revelation 21:5](../21/05.md). Alternate Translation: "This message is trustworthy and true"
Rev 22:6
the God of the spirits of the prophets
Possible meanings are 1) the word "spirits" refers to the inward disposition of the prophets and indicates that God inspires them. Alternate Translation: "God who inspires the prophets" or 2) the word "spirits" refers to the Holy Spirit who inspires the prophets. Alternate Translation: "God who gives his Spirit to the prophets"
Rev 22:10
the words of the prophecy of this book
Here "words" refers to the message that they formed. See how you translated this in [Revelation 22:7](./07.md). Alternate Translation: "This prophetic message of this book"
Rev 22:18
the words of the prophecy of this book
Here "words" refers to the message that they formed. See how you translated this in [Revelation 22:7](./07.md). Alternate Translation: "This prophetic message of this book"