This resin comes from a tree and smells nice. A resin is sticky stuff that comes out of some trees and can burn.
Gen 2:12
the onyx stone
onyx stones. Onyx is a certain kind of beautiful stone.
Gen 21:33
a tamarisk tree
This is an evergreen tree that can grow in the desert. It can be stated more generally. Alternate Translation: "a tree"
Gen 25:34
lentils
These are like beans, but their seeds are very small, round, and somewhat flat.
Gen 30:14
mandrakes
This is a fruit that was said to increase fertility and the desire to sleep with one's lover. Alternate Translation: "love fruit"
Gen 30:37
fresh poplar ... almond ... plane tree
These are all trees with white wood.
Gen 31:27
tambourine
a musical instrument with a head like a drum that can be hit and with pieces of metal around the side that sound when the instrument is shaken
Gen 43:11
pistachio nuts
small, green tree nuts
Gen 43:11
almonds
tree nuts with a sweet flavor
Exo 2:3
bitumen
This is a sticky black paste made from petroleum. It can be used to keep out water. Alternate Translation: "tar"
Exo 2:3
pitch
This is a sticky brown or black paste that can be made from tree sap or from petroleum. Therefore, "pitch" would include not only "bitumen" but also plant-based resins. It too can be used to keep out water. Alternate Translation: "tar" or "resin"
Exo 15:20
tambourine
This is a musical instrument like a small drum that also has pieces of metal around the side that make a sound when shaken.
Exo 16:13
quails
These are small, plump birds.
Exo 16:31
coriander seed
Coriander is also known as cilantro. People dry the seeds and grind them into a powder and put it in food to give it flavor.
Exo 19:18
furnace
an oven that can be made extremely hot
Exo 24:10
sapphire stone
This is a gemstone that is blue in color.
Exo 25:6
spices
dried plants that people grind into a powder and put in oil or food to give it a nice smell or flavor
Exo 25:7
onyx
a valuable stone that has layers of white and black, red or brown.
Exo 28:9
onyx stones
These are valuable stones that have layers of white and black, red or brown. See how you translated this in [Exodus 25:7](../25/07.md).
Exo 28:17
precious stones
valuable gems or "treasured gems." See how you translated these in [Exodus 25:7](../25/07.md).
Exo 28:17
ruby ... jasper
These are precious stones.
Exo 28:20
ruby ... jasper
These are precious stones.
Exo 28:20
onyx
This is a valuable stone that has layers of white and black, red or brown. See how you translated these in [Exodus 25:7](../25/07.md).
Exo 28:30
the Urim and the Thummim
It not clear what these are. They were objects, possibly stones, that the priest used to determine somehow the will of God.
Exo 28:33
pomegranates
A pomegranate is a round fruit with a red outer skin.
Exo 30:13
twenty gerahs
20 gerahs. A gerah is a unit that people used for measuring how much something very small weighed.
Exo 30:23
spices
dried plants that people grind into a powder and put in oil or food to give it a nice smell or flavor. See how you translated this in [Exodus 25:6](../25/06.md).
Exo 30:23
cinnamon ... cane ... cassia
These are sweet spices.
Exo 30:24
cinnamon ... cane ... cassia
These are sweet spices.
Exo 39:10
ruby ... jasper
Some languages may not have words for each of these stones. The important fact is that they were valuable and different from one another. See how you translated these in [Exodus 28:17-20](../28/17.md).
Exo 39:13
ruby ... jasper
Some languages may not have words for each of these stones. The important fact is that they were valuable and different from one another. See how you translated these in [Exodus 28:17-20](../28/17.md).
Lev 2:4
oven
This was probably a hollow object made of clay. A fire was lit under the oven, and the heat would bake the dough inside of the oven.
Lev 2:5
a flat iron pan
This is a thick plate made of either clay or metal. The plate was placed over a fire, and the dough cooked on top of the plate.
Lev 2:7
in a pan
A pan is a metal plate with rounded edges. The dough was placed in the pan and cooked over a fire.
Lev 6:10
his linen clothes
Linen is a white cloth. Alternate Translation: "his white clothes"
Lev 6:21
in a baking pan
This is a thick plate made of either clay or metal. The plate was placed over a fire, and the dough cooked on top of the plate. See how you translated "flat iron pan" in [Leviticus 2:5](../02/05.md).
Lev 7:9
oven
This was probably a hollow object made of clay. A fire was lit under the oven, and the heat would bake the dough inside of the oven. See how you translated this in [Leviticus 2:4](../02/04.md).
Lev 7:9
a frying pan
This is a metal plate with rounded edges. The dough was placed in the pan and cooked over a fire. See how you translated "pan" in [Leviticus 2:7](../02/07.md).
Lev 7:9
a baking pan
This is a thick plate made of either clay or metal. The plate was placed over a fire, and the dough cooked on top of the plate. See how you translated "flat iron pan" in [Leviticus 2:5](../02/05.md).
Lev 8:8
the Urim and the Thummim
It is not clear what these are. They were objects that the priest somehow used to determine the will of God.
These are birds that are either awake at night or feed on rodents and dead animals.
Lev 11:17
little owl ... great owl ... the cormorant ... white owl ... barn owl ... osprey ... hoopoe
These are birds that eat rodents and insects and are awake mainly at night.
Lev 11:18
little owl ... great owl ... the cormorant ... white owl ... barn owl ... osprey ... hoopoe
These are birds that eat rodents and insects and are awake mainly at night.
Lev 11:19
little owl ... great owl ... the cormorant ... white owl ... barn owl ... osprey ... hoopoe
These are birds that eat rodents and insects and are awake mainly at night.
Lev 11:22
locust, katydid, cricket, or grasshopper
These are small insects that eat plants and can jump.
Lev 11:29
weasel
a small animal with brown fur that eats birds and small animals
Lev 11:29
large lizard, the gecko, the monitor lizard, the lizard, the skink, and the chameleon
These are different kinds of reptiles with four legs.
Lev 11:30
large lizard, the gecko, the monitor lizard, the lizard, the skink, and the chameleon
These are different kinds of reptiles with four legs.
Lev 14:4
hyssop
an herb with a pleasant smell that was used for medicine
Lev 23:27
the Day of Atonement
On this day each year the high priest made a sacrifice to Yahweh so that Yahweh would forgive all the sins of the people of Israel. Alternate Translation: "the Day of Sacrifice for Forgiveness"
Lev 23:34
Festival of Shelters
This is a celebration during which the people of Israel lived in temporary shelters for seven days as a way to remember the time they spent living in the wilderness after they left Egypt.
Lev 23:40
willows
trees with long, narrow leaves, which grow near water
Num 11:31
quail
a small bird
Num 24:6
aloes planted by Yahweh
Aloes are plants with a pleasant smell that grow well even in dry conditions. Balaam speaks of the Israelies as if they would thrive and be pleasant like aloe plants. This can be stated in active form. Alternate Translation: "aloes which Yahweh has planted"
Num 27:21
Urim
This was a sacred stone that the High Priest wore on his chest plate. He used it to determine God's will.
Deu 12:15
the gazelle and the deer
These are wild animals with long thin legs that can run quickly. Alternate Translation: "the antelope and the deer"
Deu 14:5
the roebuck
a type of deer
Deu 14:5
ibex
a type of antelope
Deu 14:7
rabbit
This is a small animal with long ears that usually lives in holes in the ground.
Deu 14:7
rock badger
This is a small animal that lives in rocky places.
Deu 14:12
eagle ... vulture ... osprey ... red kite ... black kite ... falcon
These are birds that are either awake at night or feed on small animals and dead animals.
Deu 14:13
eagle ... vulture ... osprey ... red kite ... black kite ... falcon
These are birds that are either awake at night or feed on small animals and dead animals.
Deu 14:14
raven ... cormorant
These are all types of birds that are either awake at night or feed on small animals and dead animals.
Deu 14:17
raven ... cormorant
These are all types of birds that are either awake at night or feed on small animals and dead animals.
Deu 14:18
stork ... heron, the hoopoe
These are types of birds that eat small animals and lizards.
Deu 15:17
awl
a sharp, pointed tool used to make a hole
Deu 16:9
sickle
a tool with a curved blade used for cutting grass, grain, and vines
Deu 22:11
linen
thread made from the flax plant
Jdg 11:34
tambourines
musical instruments with heads like drums that can be hit and with pieces of metal around their sides that sound when the instruments are shaken
Jdg 16:13
loom
a machine used for combining many threads of material into a cloth
1Sa 10:5
tambourine
This is a musical instrument with a head like a drum that can be hit and with pieces of metal around the side that sound when the instrument is shaken.
1Sa 22:6
the tamarisk tree
This is a type of tree. Alternate Translation: "a large shade tree"
1Sa 31:13
a tamarisk tree
This is a type of tree. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 22:6](../22/06.md). Alternate Translation: "a large shade tree"
2Sa 6:5
tambourines
A tambourine is a musical instrument like the head of a drum with pieces of metal around the side that sound when the instrument is shaken or hit.
2Sa 6:5
rattles
musical instruments with many small, hard objects inside a hard shell, making rhythmic noise when shaken
2Sa 6:5
cymbals
two thin, round metal plates that are hit together to make a loud sound
2Sa 23:11
lentils
a flat seed, eaten like beans
1Ki 4:23
deer, gazelles, roebucks
four-legged animals that run fast
1Ki 4:33
cedar ... hyssop
These words form a merism that includes all plants. Alternate Translation: "cedar tree ... hyssop bush" or "the greatest of trees ... least important of bushes"
1Ki 5:18
Gebalites
men from the city of Gebal
1Ki 6:15
cypress
Cypress is a kind of wood that was used for building the temple.
1Ki 10:11
almug wood
a type of wood, possibly one with a pleasant scent
1Ki 10:18
throne of ivory
Ivory is the hard, white substance from the tusks or teeth of large animals.
1Ki 10:22
ivory
Ivory is the hard, white substance from the tusks or teeth of large animals. See how you translated this in [1 Kings 10:18](./18.md).
1Ki 10:22
apes and baboons
These animals live wild in Africa. At the ends of their four limbs are what look like human hands and feet, and they have long tails. Some people consider baboons a type of ape.
1Ki 17:4
ravens
large, black birds
1Ki 19:4
broom tree
A "broom tree" is a plant that grows in the desert.
1Ch 4:21
linen workers
people who made clothing out of a fabric made from crushed reeds
1Ch 11:8
the Millo
This likely refers to a terraced structure that consisted of retaining walls with dirt filled in behind them.
1Ch 13:8
tambourines
hand drums with pieces of metal around the side that sound when the instruments are shaken
1Ch 13:8
cymbals
two thin, round metal plates that are hit together to make a loud sound
1Ch 15:16
cymbals
two thin, round metal plates that are hit together to make a loud sound. See how you translated this in [1 Chronicles 13:8](../13/07.md).
1Ch 15:19
cymbals
two thin, round metal plates that are hit together to make a loud sound. See how you translated this in [1 Chronicles 13:8](../13/07.md).
1Ch 15:20
Alamoth ... Sheminith
The meaning of these words is not clear but may refer to a style of music.
1Ch 15:21
Alamoth ... Sheminith
The meaning of these words is not clear but may refer to a style of music.
1Ch 15:28
cymbals
two thin, round metal plates that are hit together to make a loud sound. See how you translated this in [1 Chronicles 13:8](../13/07.md).
1Ch 16:5
cymbals
These are two thin, round metal plates that are hit together to make a loud sound. See how you translated this in [1 Chronicles 13:8](../13/07.md).
1Ch 16:42
cymbals
These are two thin, round metal plates that are hit together to make a loud sound. See how you translated this in [1 Chronicles 13:8](../13/07.md).
1Ch 21:23
threshing sledges
These are wooden sleds with rocks or metal fitted underneath, dragged by oxen over the grain on the threshing floor to separate the grain from its stalks.
1Ch 25:1
cymbals
This refers to two thin, round metal plates that are hit together to make a loud sound. See how you translated this in [1 Chronicles 13:8](../13/07.md).
1Ch 25:6
cymbals
This refers to two thin, round metal plates that are hit together to make a loud sound. See how you translated this in [1 Chronicles 13:8](../13/07.md).
1Ch 27:28
sycamore
This is a type of tree.
2Ch 1:15
the sycamore trees
This is a tree that grows fruit that looks like figs.
2Ch 2:8
cedar, cypress, and algum trees
These are different types of tress.
2Ch 5:12
cymbals
two thin, round metal plates that are hit together to make a loud sound
2Ch 9:17
ivory
Ivory is the hard, white substance from the tusks or teeth of large animals, such as the elephant, walrus, or hippopotamus.
2Ch 9:21
apes and baboons
It is not certain whether the word translated as "apes" here refers to apes, baboons, or monkeys. It is not certain whether the word translated as "baboons" here refers to baboons or peacocks. This can be translated more generally as "animals from far away" or "animals from Africa."
2Ch 29:25
cymbals
two thin, round metal plates that are hit together to make a loud sound. See how you translated this in [2 Chronicles 5:12](../05/11.md).
Ezr 3:10
cymbals
two thin, round metal plates that are hit together to make a loud sound
Neh 7:65
Urim and Thummim
These were sacred stones that the high priest carried on his breastplate and used at times to determine God's will.
Neh 8:15
myrtle
a kind of small tree with colorful flowers
Neh 12:27
cymbals
two thin, round metal plates that are hit together to make a loud sound
Est 2:23
a gallows
This was a structure used for killing people by tying one end of a rope around the top of the structure and the other end of the rope around their necks and hanging them from it. Alternate Translation: "a frame for hanging people"
Est 5:14
a gallows
a structure used for killing a person by tying one end of a a rope around the top of the structure and the other end of the rope around the person's neck and hanging him from it. See how you translated this in [Esther 2:23](../02/23.md).
Est 6:4
the gallows he set up for him
The gallows was a structure that was used to kill people by hanging them from it. See how you translated "gallows" in [Esther 5:14](../05/14.md). Alternate Translation: "the structure Haman set up for hanging Mordecai"
Est 8:2
signet ring
This ring had the king's name or mark on it. When he put a wax seal on important papers, he would press the mark onto the seal. If a paper had this mark on its seal, people would know that what was written on the paper was written with the king's authority and had to be obeyed. See how you translated this in [Esther 3:10](../03/10.md).
Est 9:13
gallows
This was a structure used for killing people by tying one end of a rope around the top of the structure and the other end of the rope around their necks and hanging them from it. See how you translated this in [Esther 2:23](../02/23.md). Alternate Translation: "a frame for hanging people"
Job 9:9
the Bear, Orion, the Pleiades
These are the names of constellations, which are groups of stars that seem like they form a particular shape in the sky.
Job 21:12
tambourine
a musical instrument with a head like a drum that can be hit and with pieces of metal around the side that sound when the instrument is shaken
Job 28:18
coral
This is a beautiful, hard substance that grows on ocean reefs.
Psa 2:9
a jar of a potter
A potter is a person who makes clay pots and jars. These are fragile and can be broken easily. Alternate Translation: "a clay jar" or "a clay pot"
Psa 45:8
myrrh, aloes, and cassia
These are aromatic plant substances that people used to make perfumes.
Psa 46:1
set to Alamoth
This may refer to a style of music.
Psa 51:7
hyssop
This is a plant that the priests used to sprinkle water or blood on people or things to make them ceremonially clean, that is, acceptable to God.
Psa 56:1
Jonath elem rehokim
This may mean "Dove on Distant Oak Trees." Translators may either write the meaning or copy the Hebrew words.
Psa 57:1
Al Tashheth
This means "Do Not Destroy." Translators may either write the meaning or copy the Hebrew words.
Psa 60:1
Shushan Eduth
This means "Lily of the Promise." Translators may either write the meaning or copy the Hebrew words.
Psa 80:13
boars
wild pigs that ruin gardens and farms and attack people. If your readers do not know what these are, use the word for a wild animal that ruins gardens and farms and attacks people.
Psa 81:2
tambourine
a musical instrument with a head like a drum that can be hit and with pieces of metal around the side that sound when the instrument is shaken
Psa 84:3
sparrow ... swallow
These are types of birds.
Psa 149:3
tambourine
a musical instrument with a head like a drum that can be hit and with pieces of metal around the side that sound when the instrument is shaken
Psa 150:4
tambourines
A tambourine is a musical instrument with a head like a drum that can be hit and with pieces of metal around the side that sound when the instrument is shaken.
Psa 150:5
cymbals
two thin, round metal plates that are hit together to make a loud sound
Pro 27:21
crucible
a container used for heating substances to very high temperatures
Pro 27:21
furnace
an oven that can be made extremely hot
Pro 27:22
pestle
a hard tool with a rounded end, used for crushing things in a bowl
Pro 28:15
a charging bear
A bear is a large, furry, dangerous animal that walks on four legs and has sharp claws and teeth.
Ecc 12:5
when the almond tree blossoms
The "almond tree" is a tree that blossoms in the winter with white flowers.
Ecc 12:5
when grasshoppers drag themselves along
A grasshopper is a large, straight-winged insect with long, jointed back legs that give it the ability to jump a long way. Here it can only drag itself because it has gotten old and weak.
Sng 1:17
cedars ... firs
Cedars were large and strong trees. The word translated "firs" is a general term for trees like cedars but smaller. If cedar and fir trees are unknown in your area, you could use general terms for the tallest and strongest trees.
Sng 7:13
mandrakes
This is the name of plants that give off a strong but pleasant scent. The scent is slightly intoxicating and stimulating, which increases the desire to make love.
Isa 2:20
to the moles and bats
Moles are small animals that dig and live underground. Bats are small flying animals that sometimes live in caves. Alternate Translation: "to the animals"
Isa 3:18
General Information:
This continues to describe how Yahweh will judge the women of Jerusalem.
Isa 5:12
tambourine
A musical instrument with a head like a drum that can be beaten with the hand. It probably had pieces of metal around the side that sounded when the player shook it. The tambourine was small enough for the player to hold it and shake it with one hand.
Isa 6:2
seraphim
This word suggests that the creatures might have a fiery appearance or resemble snakes. Because we do not know exactly what "seraphim" means, you could translate this as "winged creatures" or "winged living things." Or, you can borrow the word and use it in your language.
Isa 6:6
seraphim
This word suggests that the creatures might have a fiery appearance or resemble snakes. Because we do not know exactly what "seraphim" means, you could translate these as "creatures" or "living things" or "beings." Or you can borrow the word and use it in your language. See how you translated this word in [Isaiah 6:2](./02.md).
Isa 6:13
terebinth
a kind of oak tree
Isa 11:6
leopard
a large cat with yellow fur and black spots that kills and eats other animals
Isa 11:7
bear
a very large animal with thick hair and sharp claws that kills and eats other animals
Isa 13:14
Like a hunted gazelle or like a sheep with no shepherd
Yahweh speaks of the defenseless people of Israel as if they were a gazelle or a sheep that was being chased by hunters or wild animals. Alternate Translation: "Like gazelles that run away swiftly when people hunt them, and like sheep that have no shepherd run away from wild animals"
Isa 13:14
gazelle
an animal that is similar to a deer. People hunt them, and wild animals sometimes attack and kill them.
Isa 13:21
owls
Owls are wild birds that hunt at night.
Isa 13:21
ostriches
Ostriches are large wild birds that run fast and cannot fly.
Isa 13:22
Hyenas
Hyenas are large wild animals that look like dogs and eat dead animals. Their loud cry sounds like a person laughing.
Isa 13:22
jackals
wild dogs
Isa 18:2
vessels of papyrus
Papyrus is a tall plant that grows along the side of the Nile River. People bound together papyrus bundles to make boats. Alternate Translation: "papyrus boats" or "boats made of reeds" or
Isa 19:8
cast a hook into the Nile
In order to catch fish, some people put a little food on a hook, tie the hook to a string, and throw the hook into the water. When a fish tries to eat the food, its mouth gets stuck on the hook, and the person pulls the fish out of the water.
Isa 19:8
spread nets on the waters
In order to catch fish, some people toss a net on the water. When fish get caught in it, they pull the net with the fish out of the water.
Isa 19:9
combed flax
Flax is a plant that grows along the Nile River. People comb its fibers in order to separate them, and use them to make thread for linen cloth.
Isa 28:25
caraway ... cumin
These are names of plants that are spices. Translators may represent them in general as seeds of spices used to spice food.
Isa 28:25
wheat ... barley ... spelt
These are all names of plants that are grains. Translators may represent them in general as seeds of grains.
Isa 29:3
palisade ... siege works
A "palisade" is a tower armies would build to attack cities with high walls. Also "siege works" refers to other various weapons armies would build to attack cities.
Isa 30:28
a bridle in the jaws of the peoples
A "bridle" is a device that people put over a horse's head to guide it. The bridle contains a small piece called a "bit" that goes in the horse's mouth. Alternate Translation: "a bridle on the heads of the peoples" or "a bit in the jaws of the peoples"
Isa 41:19
the myrtle ... the pines and the cypress box trees
These are types of trees.
Isa 44:14
cypress tree
a tall evergreen tree
Isa 51:20
antelope
This is an animal, similar to a deer, that has horns and runs very fast. Alternate Translation: "deer"
Isa 54:11
turquoise ... sapphires ... rubies
These are precious gemstones. Turquoise is light blue-to-green, sapphires are typically dark blue, and rubies are red-to-pink.
Isa 54:12
turquoise ... sapphires ... rubies
These are precious gemstones. Turquoise is light blue-to-green, sapphires are typically dark blue, and rubies are red-to-pink.
Isa 55:13
Instead of the thornbushes, the cypress will grow; and instead of the brier, the myrtle tree will grow
The words "thornbushes" and "brier" refer to species of plants that have sharp thorns growing on them. The words "cypress" and "myrtle" refer to species of evergreen trees. The thorny plants symbolize desolation, while the evergreens symbolize life and prosperity.
Jer 1:11
an almond branch
An almond tree is a kind of nut tree.
Jer 6:29
The bellows are scorched
Bellows are a tool used to blow large amounts of air into a burning fire to make the fire hotter.
Jer 8:7
stork ... doves, swifts, and cranes
All of these are different types of birds that migrate.
Jer 31:4
tambourines
musical instruments with heads like a drum that can be hit and with pieces of metal around their sides that sound when the instruments are shaken
Ezk 4:9
lentils
These are like beans, but their seeds are very small, round, and somewhat flat.
Ezk 4:12
barley cakes
flat bread made of barley ([Ezekiel 4:9](./09.md))
Ezk 9:2
linen
a strong, smooth cloth made from a plant. It is worn by many people in places that are hot. Alternate Translation: "smooth cloth"
Ezk 9:2
bronze
A dark gold-colored metal. It is made from mostly copper with tin added for strength.
Ezk 9:11
linen
a strong, smooth cloth made from a plant. It is worn by many people in places that are hot. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 9:2](./02.md). Alternate Translation: "smooth cloth"
Ezk 10:2
linen
a strong, smooth cloth made from a plant. It is worn by many people in places that are hot. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 9:2](../09/02.md). Alternate Translation: "smooth cloth"
Ezk 10:9
beryl stone
Beryl here is a very hard, valuable stone. This beryl was probably green or blue.
Ezk 27:19
cinnamon
This is a type of spice that comes from the bark of a tree. "Cassia" is another name for this spice.
Ezk 27:19
calamus
a type of grass that people used as perfume and for medicine
Ezk 28:13
ruby, topaz, emerald, chrysolite, onyx, jasper, sapphire, turquoise, and beryl
These are all precious stones of different colors.
Ezk 31:8
plane tree
A plane tree was a large, leafy tree with strong branches. It is similar to a sycamore tree.
Jol 1:4
the swarming locust
large groups of insects like grasshoppers that fly together and eat large areas of food crops
Jol 1:11
barley
a type of grass, like wheat, whose seeds can be used to make bread
Jol 1:12
fig ... pomegranate ... apple
different types of fruit
Jol 2:4
horses
A large, strong, fast animal with four legs.
Amo 5:8
the Pleiades and Orion
People saw patterns in the stars in the sky and gave names to them. These are two of those patterns. Alternate Translation: "the stars" or "the groups of stars"
Amo 6:4
ivory
a white substance made from the teeth and horns of large animals
Amo 7:14
sycamore fig trees
Sycamores are broad trees that grow up to 15 meters tall. Alternate Translation: "fig trees"
Nam 2:3
cypress
a type of tree whose wood is good for weapons
Nam 2:7
Huzzab is stripped of her clothes and is taken away
The exact meaning of the word "Huzzab" is uncertain. Two possible meanings are 1) it is the name of a queen in Nineveh and the sentence means that the attacking soldiers have stripped her of her clothes in order to humiliate her and then have carried her off into captivity or 2) it is the name of an idol and the sentence means that the attackers have stripped the gold and silver off the idol and have carried it away.