Here the word "bread" is a synecdoche for food in general. Alternate Translation: "you will eat food"
Gen 4:11
from your hand
Here Cain is represented by his "hand," to emphasize that he personally had killed his brother. Alternate Translation: "that spilled when you killed him" or "from you"
Gen 6:12
all flesh
Possible meanings for what "all flesh" represents are 1) all human beings or 2) all physical beings, including humans and animal.
Gen 6:17
all flesh
Here "flesh" represents all physical beings, including humans and animals.
Gen 7:15
of all flesh
Here "flesh" represents animals. Alternate Translation: "of every kind of animal"
Gen 7:22
who breathed the breath of life through their noses
Here "noses" represent the whole animal or human. Alternate Translation: "everyone that breathed"
Gen 9:5
from the hand
Here the word "hand" refers to the one who is responsible for something happening.
Gen 9:5
From the hand of
This phrase refers to the person in a very personal way. Alternate Translation: "From that very man"
Gen 9:11
all flesh
Possible meanings for what "all flesh" represents are 1) all human beings or 2) all physical beings, including humans and animal. See how this is translated in [Genesis 6:12](../06/12.md).
Gen 9:15
all flesh
Possible meanings for what "all flesh" represents are 1) all human beings or 2) all physical beings, including humans and animal. See how this is translated in [Genesis 6:12](../06/12.md).
Gen 14:10
the kings of Sodom and Gomorrah
Here the kings represent themselves and their armies. Alternate Translation: the kings of Sodom and Gomorrah and their armies"
Gen 15:15
fathers
The word "fathers" is a synecdoche for all ancestors. Alternate Translation: "ancestors" or "ancestral fathers"
Gen 19:8
under the shadow of my roof
The two men were guests in Lot's home, so he needed to protect them. The word "roof" is a synecdoche for the whole house and a metaphor for Lot protecting them. Alternate Translation: "into my house, and God expects me to protect them"
Gen 21:14
took bread
Possible meanings are 1) this refers to food in general or 2) this refers to bread specifically.
Gen 21:30
from my hand
Here "hand" stands for Abraham. Alternate Translation: "from me"
Gen 22:6
He took in his own hand
Here "his own hand" emphasizes that Abraham himself carried these things. Alternate Translation: "Abraham himself carried"
Gen 22:6
the fire
Here "fire" stands for a pan containing burning coals or a torch or lamp. Alternate Translation: "something for starting a fire"
Gen 22:7
the fire
Here "fire" stands for a pan containing burning coals or a torch or lamp. See how you translated this in [Genesis 22:6](./06.md).
Gen 22:17
will possess the gate of their enemies
Here "gate" represents the whole city. To "possess the gate of their enemies" means destroying their enemies. Alternate Translation: "will completely triumph over their enemies"
Gen 24:3
among whom I make my home
among whom I live. Here, "I" stands for Abraham and all of his family and servants. Alternate Translation: "among whom we live"
Gen 24:37
in whose land I make my home
among whom I live. Here, "I" stands for Abraham and all of his family and servants. Alternate Translation: "among whom we live"
Gen 26:5
obeyed my voice
Here "voice" stands for Yahweh. Alternate Translation: "obeyed me"
Gen 26:18
Isaac dug out
Here "Isaac" stands for Isaac and his servants. Alternate Translation: "Isaac and his servants dug out"
Gen 27:22
The voice is Jacob's voice
Here Issac speaks of Jacob's voice as representing Jacob. Alternate Translation: "You sound like Jacob"
Gen 27:22
but the hands are the hands of Esau
Here Issac speaks of Esau's hands as representing Esau. Alternate Translation: "but your hands feel like Esau's hands"
Gen 27:29
your brothers ... your mother's sons
Isaac is speaking this blessing directly to Jacob. But, it also applies to Jacob's descendants who will rule over the descendants of Esau and the descendants of any other of Jacob's brothers that he may have.
Gen 27:40
your ... you
In 27:39-40 these pronouns are singular and refer to Esau, but what Isaac says also applies to Esau's descendants
Gen 27:41
Esau said in his heart
Here "heart" stands for Esau himself. Alternate Translation: "Esau said to himself"
Gen 28:14
to the west, to the east, to the north, and to the south
This phrases are used together to mean "all directions." Alternate Translation: "in all directions"
Gen 28:20
will give me bread to eat
Here "bread" stands for food in general.
Gen 30:41
before the eyes of the flock
Here the flock's "eyes" represent the sheep and emphasize what they see. Alternate Translation: "so that the flock could see them"
Gen 31:10
mating with the flock
Here "flock" represents only the female goats. Alternate Translation: "mating with the female goats of the flock"
Gen 31:12
that are breeding with the flock
Here "flock" stands for only the female goats. Alternate Translation: "that are breeding with the female goats of the flock"
Gen 33:10
my gift from my hand
Here "hand" refers to Jacob. Alternate Translation: "this gift that I am giving to you"
Gen 33:10
I have seen your face
Here "face" stands for Esau. It may be best to translate as "face" because of the importance of the word "face" here with "face of God" and "face to face" in [Genesis 32:30](../32/30.md).
Gen 34:30
I am few in number ... against me and attack me, then I will be destroyed, I and my household
Here the words "I" and "me" refer to all of Jacob's household. Jacob only says "I" or "me" since he is the leader. Alternate Translation: "My household is small ... against us and attack us, then they will destroy all of us"
Gen 37:2
These were the events concerning Jacob
This sentence introduces the account of Jacob's children in Genesis 37:1-50:26. Here "Jacob" refers to his whole family. Alternate Translation: "This is the account of Jacob's family"
Gen 37:25
They sat down to eat bread
Bread represents food in general. Alternate Translation: "They sat down to eat food" or "Joseph's brothers sat down to eat"
Gen 38:20
from the woman's hand
Here "hand" emphasizes that they were in here possession. The woman's hand refers to the woman. Alternate Translation: "from the woman"
Gen 41:8
his spirit was troubled
Here the word "spirit" refers to his inner being or his emotions. Alternate Translation: "he was troubled in his inner being" or "he was troubled"
Gen 41:48
He gathered up ... He put
Here "He" stands for Joseph's servants. Alternate Translation: "Joseph ordered his servants to gather ... They put"
Gen 41:49
Joseph stored up ... he stopped
Here "Joseph" and "he" stand for Joseph's servants. Alternate Translation: "Joseph had his servants store up ... they stopped"
Gen 41:56
Joseph opened all the storehouses and sold to the Egyptians
Here "Joseph" stands for Joseph's servants. Alternate Translation: "Joseph had his servants open all the storehouses and sell grain to the Egyptians"
Gen 42:21
in that we saw the distress of his soul
The word "soul" stands for Joseph. Alternate Translation: "because we saw how distressed Joseph was" or "because we saw that Joseph was suffering"
Gen 42:24
bound him before their eyes
Here the people are represented by their "eyes" to emphasize what they see. Alternate Translation: "bound him in their sight" or "bound him as they watched"
Gen 42:38
my gray hair
This stands for Jacob and emphasizes his old age. Alternate Translation: "me, an old man"
Gen 43:3
You will not see my face
Judah uses this phrase twice in 43:3-5 to emphasize to his father that they cannot return to Egypt without Benjamin. The phrase "my face" refers to the man, who is Joseph. Alternate Translation: "You will not see me"
Gen 43:12
Take double money in your hand
Here "hand" stands for the whole person. Alternate Translation: "Take double the money with you"
Gen 43:12
The money that was returned in the opening of your sacks, carry again in your hand
Here "hand" stands for the whole person. The phrase "that was returned" can be stated in active form. Alternate Translation: "take back to Egypt the money someone put in your sacks"
Gen 43:15
in their hand they took
Here "hand" refers to the entire person. Alternate Translation: "they took"
Gen 43:21
We have brought it back in our hands
Here "hands" stands for the whole person. Alternate Translation: "We have brought the money back with us"
Gen 43:22
Other money we have also brought down in our hand to buy food
Here "hand" stands for the whole person. Alternate Translation: "We have also brought more money to buy food"
Gen 43:26
they brought the gifts which were in their hand
Here "hand" stands for the entire person. Alternate Translation: "the brothers brought the gifts they had with them"
Gen 43:32
could not eat bread
Here "bread" stands for food in general.
Gen 44:16
he also in whose hand the cup was found
Here "hand" stands for the whole person. Also, "was found" can be stated in active form. Alternate Translation: "the one who had your cup"
Gen 44:17
The man in whose hand the cup was found
Here "hand" stands for the whole person. Also, "was found" can be stated in active form. Alternate Translation: "The man who had my cup"
Gen 44:18
speak a word in my master's ears
The word "ear" is a synecdoche that stands for the whole person. Alternate Translation: "speak to you, my master"
Gen 44:23
you will not see my face again
Here "face" stands for the whole person. Alternate Translation: "you will not see me again"
Gen 44:26
to see the man's face
Here "face" stands for the whole person. Alternate Translation: "to see the man"
Gen 44:29
my gray hair
This stands for Jacob and emphasizes his old age. Alternate Translation: "me, an old man"
Gen 44:31
the gray hair of your servant our father
Here "gray hair" stands for Jacob and emphasizes his old age. Alternate Translation: "our old father"
Gen 45:12
your eyes see, and the eyes of my brother Benjamin
The word "eyes" stands for the entire person. Alternate Translation: "All of you and Benjamin can see"
Gen 45:12
that it is my mouth that speaks to you
The word "mouth" stands for the entire person. Alternate Translation: "that I, Joseph, am speaking to you"
Gen 45:26
His heart was astonished
Here "heart" stands for the whole person. Alternate Translation: "and he was astonished" or "he was very surprised"
Gen 45:27
the spirit of Jacob their father revived
The word "spirit" stands for the whole person. Alternate Translation: "Jacob their father recovered" or "Jacob their father became very excited"
Gen 46:30
since I have seen your face, that you are still alive
Here "face" stands for the entire person. Jacob was expressing joy at seeing Joseph. Alternate Translation: "since I have seen you alive again"
Gen 47:17
He fed them with bread
Here "bread" stands for food in general. Alternate Translation: "He gave them food" or "He provided them with food"
Gen 48:11
to see your face again
Here "face" stands for the whole person. Alternate Translation: "to see you again"
Gen 48:15
Israel blessed Joseph
Here "Joseph" also stands for Ephraim and Manasseh. Since Joseph is the father, he is the only one mentioned here.
Gen 49:6
O my soul ... my heart
Jacob uses the words "soul" and "heart" to refer to himself and is saying that other people,and perhaps God also, honor him so much that he does not wish to join with those who make plans to do evil.
Gen 49:19
at their heels
Here "heels" stands for the raiders who are running away from the descendants of Gad.
Gen 49:24
his hands will be skillful
Here the whole person is represented by the "hands" since they are used to hold the bow. Alternate Translation: "his arms will remain strong as he aims his bow"
Gen 50:21
He comforted them in this way and spoke kindly to their hearts
Here "hearts" refers to the brothers. Alternate Translation: "He comforted them by speaking kindly to them"
Exo 4:21
will harden his heart
Here "heart" refers to Pharaoh. His stubborn attitude is spoken of as if his heart was hard. Alternate Translation: "will cause Pharaoh to be stubborn"
Exo 7:3
harden Pharaoh's heart
Here "heart" refers to Pharaoh. His stubborn attitude is spoken of as if his heart was hard. See how you translated this in [Exodus 4:21](../04/21.md). Alternate Translation: "will cause Pharaoh to be stubborn"
Exo 7:13
Pharaoh's heart was hardened
Here "heart" refers to Pharaoh. His stubborn attitude is spoken of as if his heart was hard. Alternate Translation: "Pharaoh became more defiant"
Exo 7:14
Pharaoh's heart is hard
Here "heart" refers to Pharaoh. His stubborn attitude is spoken of as if his heart was hard. See how you translated this in [Exodus 7:13](./13.md). Alternate Translation: "Pharaoh is stubborn"
Exo 7:22
Pharaoh's heart was hardened
Here "heart" refers to Pharaoh. His stubborn attitude is spoken of as if his heart was hard. See how you translated this in [Exodus 7:13](./13.md). Alternate Translation: "Pharaoh became more defiant"
Exo 8:19
Pharaoh's heart was hardened
Here "heart" refers to Pharaoh. See how you translated this in [Exodus 7:13](../07/13.md). Alternate Translation: "Pharaoh became more defiant"
Exo 8:32
Pharaoh hardened his heart
Here "heart" refers to Pharaoh. See how you translated this in [Exodus 7:13](../07/13.md). Alternate Translation: "Pharaoh became more defiant"
Exo 9:7
his heart was stubborn
Here "heart" refers to Pharaoh. Alternate Translation: "he refused to change his mind"
Exo 9:12
Yahweh hardened Pharaoh's heart
Here "heart" refers to Pharaoh. His stubborn attitude is spoken of as if his heart was hard. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Exodus 7:13](../07/13.md). Alternate Translation: "Yahweh caused Pharaoh to became more defiant"(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
Exo 9:34
hardened his heart
Here "heart" refers to Pharaoh. His stubborn attitude is spoken of as if his heart was hard. Alternate Translation: "became more defiant"
Exo 9:35
Pharaoh's heart was hardened
Here "heart" refers to Pharaoh. His stubborn attitude is spoken of as if his heart was hard. See how you translated this in [Exodus 7:13](../07/13.md). Alternate Translation: "Pharaoh became more defiant"
Exo 10:20
Yahweh hardened Pharaoh's heart
Here "heart" refers to Pharaoh. His stubborn attitude is spoken of as if his heart was hard. See how you translated this phrase in [Exodus 9:12](../09/12.md). Alternate Translation: "caused Pharaoh to became more defiant"
Exo 10:26
not a hoof of them may be left behind
Here the word "hoof" refers to the entire animal. This can be stated in active form. Alternate Translation: "we cannot leave behind a single animal"
Exo 10:27
Yahweh hardened Pharaoh's heart
Here "heart" refers to Pharaoh. His stubborn attitude is spoken of as if his heart was hard. See how you translated this phrase in [Exodus 9:12](../09/12.md). Alternate Translation: "caused Pharaoh to became more defiant"
Exo 10:28
you see my face
Here the word "face" refers to the whole person. Alternate Translation: "you see me"
Exo 11:10
Yahweh hardened Pharaoh's heart
Here "heart" refers to Pharaoh. His stubborn attitude is spoken of as if his heart was hard. See how you translated this phrase in [Exodus 9:12](../09/12.md). Alternate Translation: "Yahweh caused Pharaoh to became more defiant"
Exo 12:23
pass over your door
Here the word "door" implies the entire house. This means that God will spare the Israelites in houses with blood on the doors. Alternate Translation: "pass over your house"
Exo 14:4
I will harden Pharaoh's heart
Here "heart" refers to the Pharaoh. His stubborn attitude is spoken of as if his heart was hard. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Exodus 9:12](../09/12.md). Alternate Translation: "I will cause Pharaoh to became more defiant"
Exo 14:8
Yahweh hardened the heart of Pharaoh
Here "heart" refers to the Pharaoh. His stubborn attitude is spoken of as if his heart was hard. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Exodus 9:12](../09/12.md). Alternate Translation: "Yahweh caused Pharaoh to became more defiant"
Exo 14:10
When Pharaoh came close
The word "Pharaoh" here represents the entire Egyptian army. Alternate Translation: "When Pharaoh and his army came close"
Exo 14:17
I will harden the Egyptians' hearts
Here "hearts" refers to the Egyptians themselves. Their stubborn attitude is spoken of as if their hearts were hard. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Exodus 9:12](../09/12.md). Alternate Translation: "I will cause the Egyptians to became more defiant"
Exo 17:10
So Joshua fought Amalek
Joshua represents himself and the Israelites that he led into battle. Alternate Translation: "So Joshua and the men he chose fought against the Amalekites"
Exo 17:11
Israel was winning ... Amalek would begin to win
The words "Israel" and "Amalek" represent the fighters from those groups. Alternate Translation: "the Israelite fighters were winning ... the Amalekite fighters would begin to win"
Exo 35:5
all of you who have a willing heart
Here "heart" refers to the person bringing the offering. Alternate Translation: "everyone who is willing"
Exo 35:21
whose heart stirred him up
Here "heart" refers to the person. The heart that responded to God is spoken of as if it were water stirred up by a storm. Alternate Translation: "who responded to God"
Exo 35:21
whom his spirit made willing
Here "spirit" refers to the person. Alternate Translation: "who was willing" or "who wanted to"
Exo 35:22
all who had a willing heart
Here "heart" refers to the person. Alternate Translation: "everyone who was willing"
Exo 35:26
whose hearts stirred them up
Here "hearts" refers to the women. The hearts of the women who responded to God are spoken of as if they were water stirred up by a storm. Alternate Translation: "who responded to God"
Exo 35:29
whose heart was willing
Here "heart" refers to the people. Alternate Translation: "who was willing"
Exo 35:34
He has put it in his heart to teach
Here "heart" refers to Bezalel. The ability to teach is spoken of as if it something that could be placed in a heart. Alternate Translation: "He gave Bezalel the ability to teach"
Exo 36:2
in whose mind Yahweh had given skill
Here "mind" refers to the person who was made skillful by Yahweh. Alternate Translation: "to whom Yahweh had given skill"
Exo 36:2
whose heart stirred within him
Here "heart" refers to the person. The heart that responded to God is spoken of as if it were water stirred up by a storm. Alternate Translation: "who responded to God"
Lev 5:4
if anyone swears rashly with his lips
Here "lips" represents the whole person. Alternate Translation: "if anyone swears rashly"
Lev 7:30
his own hands must bring it
Here "hands" represents the whole person. Alternate Translation: "he must bring it himself"
Lev 8:27
put it all in the hands of Aaron and in the hands of his sons
Here "hands" represents the whole person. Alternate Translation: "gave it all to Aaron and his sons"
Lev 8:28
from off their hands
Here "hands" represents the whole person. Alternate Translation: "from Aaron and his sons"
Lev 10:6
not be angry with all the assembly
Here "assembly" means the whole congregation of Israel, not just a group of leaders. Alternate Translation: "not be angry with all the people of Israel"
Lev 21:6
the bread of their God
Here "bread" represents food in general. Yahweh does not actually eat these offerings. It is the sincerity of those offering the food that pleases God.
Lev 21:8
for he is the one who offers bread to your God
Here "bread" represents food in general. Yahweh does not actually eat these offerings. Translate this in a way that makes it clear that Yahweh does not actually eat the food.
Lev 21:21
to offer the bread of his God
Here "bread" represents food in general. Alternate Translation: "to make burnt offering of food on God's altar"
Lev 22:25
must not present the bread of your God
Here "bread" represents food in general. God did not actually eat the sacrifices. Priests would offer the sacrifice on God's altar, and they would eat some of the meat. Alternate Translation: "must not present an animal as a food offering to your God"
Lev 22:25
from the hand of a foreigner
The word "hand" represents the whole person. It is implied that Israelites could not use animals as a sacrifice to God if they bought it from a foreigner, because foreigners castrated their animals making them unacceptable to God. Alternate Translation: "that a foreigner has given you, because they castrate their animals"
Lev 23:39
when you have gathered in the fruits
The word "fruits" here represents various kinds of crops. Alternate Translation: "after you have gathered the crops"
Lev 24:3
Outside the curtain before the covenant decrees
The phrase "covenant decrees" represents either the tablets that the decrees were written on or the box that the tablets were put in. These were kept in the very holy place, which was the room behind the curtain in the tent of meeting. Alternate Translation: "Outside the curtain that is in front of the tablets of the covenant decrees" or "Outside the curtain that is in front of the box of the covenant"
Lev 26:5
will eat your bread to the full
Here bread represents food. "To the full" means until their stomachs were full of food. Alternate Translation: "will eat food until you are full" or "will have plenty of food to eat"
Lev 26:41
if their uncircumcised hearts become humbled
Here the term "uncircumcised hearts" refers to the whole person. Alternate Translation: "if they will be humble instead of stubbornly disobedient"
Num 1:49
must not count the tribe of Levi
Here the "tribe of Levi" refers to all of the men in the tribe of Levi. Alternate Translation: "must not count the men of the tribe of Levi"
Num 2:17
by his banner
Each man does not have his own personal banner; rather, this refers to the banner belonging to his tribe. Alternate Translation: "by his tribe's banner"
Num 4:15
to carry the holy place
Here the holy place refers to all the items that make up the holy place that Aaron and his sons covered in cloth and skins. Alternate Translation: "to carry all of the items of the holy place"
Num 7:89
he heard his voice speaking to him
Here "his voice" refers to Yahweh. Alternate Translation: "he heard Yahweh speaking to him"
Num 10:9
When you go to war ... oppresses you
Yahweh is speaking to Moses and uses the word "you," but he is actually referring the people of Israel going to war. Alternate Translation: "When the people of Israel to war ... oppresses Israel"
Num 16:15
I have not taken one donkey from them
One donkey here represents anything that a person my take from someone else. Alternate Translation: "I have not taken anything from them, not even one donkey"
Num 17:4
the covenant decrees
The phrase "the covenant decrees" refers to the box that held the tablets that the covenant decrees were written on. Alternate Translation: "the ark of the covenant" or "the box that holds the covenant decrees"
Num 17:7
the tent of the covenant decrees
The phrase "the covenant decrees" refers to the box that held the tablets that the covenant decrees were written on. Alternate Translation: "the tent of the covenant box" or "the tent that the covenant decrees are in"
Num 17:10
the covenant decrees
The phrase "the covenant decrees" refers to the box that held the tablets that the covenant decrees were written on. Alternate Translation: "the ark of the covenant" or "the box that holds the covenant decrees"
Num 20:8
before their eyes
Here the people are represented by their "eyes" to emphasize what they see. Alternate Translation: "while they watch you"
Num 20:12
in the eyes of the people of Israel
Here the people are represented by their "eyes" to emphasize what they see. Alternate Translation: "while the people of Israel were watching you"
Num 21:23
he fought against Israel
Here "he" refers to King Sihon who represents himself and his army. Alternate Translation: "they fought against the Israelites"
Num 27:14
before the eyes of the whole community
Here the people of the people are represented by their "eyes" to emphasize what they saw. Alternate Translation: "in front of the whole community"
Num 27:16
the God of the spirits of all humanity
Possible meaning are 1) here "spirits" refers to all people." Alternate Translation: "the God over all of humanity" or 2) the reference to "spirits" refers to God having given life and breath to all people. Alternate Translation: "the God who gives breath to all people" or "the God who give life to all humanity"
Num 27:19
command him before their eyes to lead them
Here the people are represented by their "eyes" to emphasize what they see. Alternate Translation: "in front of all of them command Joshua to lead the people of Israel"
Num 29:1
It will be a day when you blow trumpets
The word "you" refers to the people of Israel who here represent the priests. The priests blew the trumpet to begin a worship service or to gather the community together. Alternate Translation: "It will be a day when the priests blow trumpets"
Num 30:8
the rash talk of her lips
The phrase "the rash talk" refers to the rash promise that she made. Here "her lips" means the woman herself. She is referred to as "her lips" because lips are related to what she says. Alternate Translation: "the rash things she has said" or "her rash promise"
Num 32:7
discourage the hearts of the people of Israel from going
Here the word "hearts" represents the people themselves and refers to the seat of their emotions. Alternate Translation: "discourage the people of Israel from going" or "cause the people of Israel to not want to go"
Num 32:9
discouraged the hearts of the people of Israel
Here the word "hearts" represents the people themselves and refers to the seat of their emotions. See how you translated this in [Numbers 32:7](./07.md). Alternate Translation: "discouraged the people of Israel"
Deu 1:8
fathers
The word "fathers" is a synecdoche for all ancestors. Alternate Translation: "ancestors"
Deu 1:17
You will not be afraid of the face of man
The word "face" is a metonym for the whole person. "You will not" is a command. "Do not be afraid of anyone"
Deu 1:30
before your eyes
Here the people are represented by their "eyes" to emphasize what they saw. Alternate Translation: "which you yourselves saw"
Deu 2:7
you in all the work of your hand
The "work of your hand" refers to all the work they had done. Alternate Translation: "all of your work"
Deu 2:15
the hand of Yahweh was against
Here "the hand of Yahweh" refers to Yahweh's power. Alternate Translation: "Yahweh used his power against" or "Yahweh punished"
Deu 2:28
sell me ... I may eat ... give me ... I may drink
Moses is referring to the people of Israel as if they were Moses himself. Alternate Translation: "sell to me and my people ... we may eat ... give us ... we may drink"
Deu 3:2
You will do to him as you did to Sihon
The word "him" is a metonym for "his people." Alternate Translation: "You will destroy Og and his people as you did Sihon"
Deu 3:21
Your eyes have seen
Here "eyes" refers to Joshua. Alternate Translation: "You have seen"
Deu 4:3
Your eyes have seen
Here "eyes" refers to the people of Israel. Alternate Translation: "You saw"
Deu 4:9
your eyes have seen
Here "eyes" are a synecdoche for the person. Alternate Translation: "you have seen"
Deu 4:28
the work of men's hands, wood and stone
Here "men's hands" refers the men themselves, and "the work ... wood and stone" to the idols that they have created. Alternate Translation: "the wood and stone idols that men have made"
Deu 4:33
hear the voice of God speaking
Here God is represented by his voice. Alternate Translation: "hear God's voice as he spoke"
Deu 4:34
before your eyes
Here "eyes" refer to the whole person. Alternate Translation: "in front of you"
Deu 5:1
that I will speak in your ears today
Here "ears" refers to the whole person. This metaphor emphasizes that the people know what Moses has said to them, so they cannot sin and then say they did not know they were sinning. Alternate Translation: "that I will speak to you today"
Deu 5:14
within your gates
Here "gates" is a reference to the city itself. Alternate Translation: "within your community" or "inside your city" or "living with you"
Deu 5:23
heard the voice
The word "voice" is a metonym for the sound of the voice or for the person who was speaking. Alternate Translation: "heard the sound of the voice" or "heard Yahweh speaking"
Deu 5:26
all flesh
This represents all people or living things. Alternate Translation: "all people" or "all living beings"
Deu 6:22
before our eyes
Here the word "eyes" refers to the whole person. Alternate Translation: "where we could see them"
Deu 7:19
that your eyes saw
Here "eyes" represent the whole person. Alternate Translation: "that you saw"
Deu 8:3
it is not by bread alone that people live
Here "bread" represents all food. Alternate Translation: "food is not the only thing people need so they can live"
Deu 9:17
I broke them before your eyes
Here "your eyes" is a synecdoche for the people of Israel. Alternate Translation: "I broke them right in front of you" or "I broke them where you could see them"
Deu 10:21
which your eyes have seen
Here "eyes" refers to the whole person. Alternate Translation: "which you yourselves have seen"
Deu 11:7
But your eyes have seen
Here "eyes" represents the whole person. Alternate Translation: "But you have seen"
Deu 11:24
Every place where the sole of your foot will tread
Here "the sole of your foot" represents the whole person. Alternate Translation: "Every place you go"
Deu 12:6
the offerings presented by your hand
Here "hand" represents the whole person. Alternate Translation: "the offerings that you present"
Deu 12:7
rejoice about everything that you have put your hand to
Here "put your hand to" represents the whole person and work that he has done. Alternate Translation: "rejoice about all the work you have done"
Deu 12:11
the offerings presented by your hand
Here "hand" represents the whole person. Alternate Translation: "the offerings that you present"
Deu 12:12
the Levites who are within your gate
Here "gates" is a reference to the city itself. Alternate Translation: "the Levites who live inside your city" or "the Levites living with you"
Deu 12:15
within all your gates
Here "gates" represents the whole city. Alternate Translation: "inside your city" or "at your homes"
Deu 12:17
within your gates
Here "gates" represents the whole city. Alternate Translation: "inside your city" or "at your homes"
Deu 12:17
nor that of the offering you present with your hand
Here "hand" represents the whole person. Alternate Translation: "nor that of any offering which you bring to Yahweh"
Deu 12:18
the Levite who is within your gates
Here "gate" represents the whole city Alternate Translation: "any Levite who lives inside your city"
Deu 12:18
everything to which you put your hand
Here "put your hand to" represents the whole person and work that he has done. Alternate Translation: "rejoice about all the work you have done"
Deu 12:20
as your soul desires
Here "soul" refers to the whole person. Alternate Translation: "as you want" or "as you crave"
Deu 12:21
within your gates
Here "gates" represents the whole city." Alternate Translation: "inside your city" or "within your community"
Deu 12:21
as your soul desires
Here "soul" refers to the whole person. Alternate Translation: "as you desire"
Deu 12:28
that it may go well with you and with your children after you
Here "children" means all of their descendants. Alternate Translation: "that you and your descendants may prosper"
Deu 13:8
you must not permit your eye to pity him
Here "your eye" refers to the whole person. Alternate Translation: "you msut not look at him with pity" or "you must not show him mercy"
Deu 13:9
your hand will be the first on him to put him to death
This means that he was to throw the first stone at the guilty person. The word "hand" represents the whole person. Alternate Translation: "you must be the first to strike him to kill him"
Deu 13:9
the hand of all the people
Here "hand" represents the whole person. Alternate Translation: "the other people will join you"
Deu 13:15
with the edge of the sword
Here "edge" represents the whole sword. Alternate Translation: "with your swords"
Deu 14:28
within your gates
Here "gates" represents the entire city or town. Alternate Translation: "inside your city"
Deu 14:29
in all the work of your hand that you do
Here "hand" represents the whole person. This refers to the work that someone does. Alternate Translation: "in all the work you do"
Deu 15:7
within any of your gates
Here "gates" represents the entire city or town. Alternate Translation: "within any of your towns"
Deu 15:10
your heart must not be sorry
Here "heart" represents the whole person. Alternate Translation: "you should not regret it" or "you should be happy"
Deu 15:10
in all that you put your hand to
Here "put your hand to" represents the whole person and work that he has done. Alternate Translation: "in all that you do"
Deu 15:22
within your gates
Here "gates" represents the city or town. Alternate Translation: "within your community" or "inside your city"
Deu 16:5
within any of your city gates
Here "gates" represents the cities or towns. Alternate Translation: "within any of your towns"
Deu 16:10
with the contribution of a freewill offering from your hand that you will give
Here "hand" represents the whole person. Alternate Translation: "and you will give your free will offering"
Deu 16:11
within your city gates
Here "gates" represents cities or towns. Alternate Translation: "within your towns"
Deu 16:14
within your gates
Here the word "gates" represents cities or towns. Alternate Translation: "within your towns"
Deu 16:15
all the work of your hands
Here "hands" represents the whole person. Alternate Translation: "all the work you do"
Deu 16:18
within all your city gates
Here "gates" represents a city or town. Alternate Translation: "within all your towns"
Deu 17:2
within any of your city gates
Here "city gates" represents cities or towns. Alternate Translation: "living in one of your cities"
Deu 17:7
The hand of the witnesses must be the first to put him to death, and afterward the hand of all the people
Here "hand" represents the entire group of witnesses. Alternate Translation: "The witnesses themselves must be the first ones to throw stones. Then all the people will execute the person by throwing stones at him"
Deu 17:17
so that his heart does not turn away
Here "heart" refers to the whole person. An Israelite king who marries foreign wives and starts to worship their false gods is spoken of as if his heart were to turn away from Yahweh. Alternate Translation: "so that they do not cause him to stop honoring Yahweh and start worshiping false gods"
Deu 17:20
so that his heart is not lifted up above his brothers
Here "his heart" refers to the whole person. A king becoming arrogant is spoken of as if his heart were lifted up. Alternate Translation: "so that he does not become arrogant" or "so that he does not think he is better than his fellow Israelites"
Deu 18:5
him and his sons forever
Here "him" represents all the Levites. Alternate Translation: "the Levites and their descendants forever"
Deu 18:16
Let us not hear again the voice of Yahweh our God
Here Yahweh is represented by his "voice" to emphasize what he says. Alternate Translation: "Let us not hear Yahweh our God speak again"
Deu 19:13
Your eye must not pity him
Here "your eye" represents the whole person. Alternate Translation: "Do not show him mercy" or "Do not feel sorry for him"
Deu 19:21
Your eyes must not pity
Here "eyes" refer to the whole person. Alternate Translation: "You must not pity him" or "You must not show him mercy"
Deu 21:7
Our hands have not shed this blood
Here "hands" are a synecdoche for the whole person and "shed this blood" is a metonym for killing an innocent person. Alternate Translation: "We did not kill this innocent person"
Deu 21:7
neither have our eyes seen it
Here "eyes" refers to the whole person. Alternate Translation: "and we did not see anyone kill this person"
Deu 24:1
if she finds no favor in his eyes
Here the "eyes" represent the whole person. Alternate Translation: "if he decides that he does not like her"
Deu 24:14
within your city gates
Here "city gates" mean towns or cities. Alternate Translation: "in one of your cities"
Deu 24:19
in all the work of your hands
Here "hands" refers to the whole person. Alternate Translation: "in all the work that you do"
Deu 25:3
humiliated before your eyes
Here the people are represented by their "eyes" to emphasize what they see. Alternate Translation: "humiliated, and you would all see it"
Deu 25:12
your eye must have no pity
Here "eye" means the whole person. Alternate Translation: "you should not feel sorry for her" or "you must not show her mercy"
Deu 26:12
eat within your city gates and be filled
Here "gates" means towns or cities. Alternate Translation: "so that those within your towns may have enough food to eat"
Deu 28:12
all the work of your hand
The word "hand" is a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate Translation: "all the work that you do"
Deu 28:32
your eyes will look for them the entire day, but will fail with longing for them
Here "your eyes" refers to the whole person. Alternate Translation: "you will grow tired as you constantly watch for them and long to see them again"
Deu 28:52
you in all your city gates
Here the phrase "city gates" represents a city. Alternate Translation: "your cities"
Deu 28:55
all your city gates
Here "city gates" represents the cities themselves. Alternate Translation: "all your cities"
Deu 28:57
within your city gates
Here "city gates" represents the cities themselves. Alternate Translation: "within your cities"
Deu 28:65
there will be no rest for the bottoms of your feet
Here the phrase "the bottoms of your feet" refer to the whole person. Alternate Translation: "you will have to continually wander because you have no permanent home where you can rest"
Deu 28:67
the things your eyes will have to see
Here "eyes" refers to the whole person. Alternate Translation: "the terrifying things I will force you to see"
Deu 29:2
You have seen everything that Yahweh did before your eyes
Yahweh expected them to remember what Yahweh had done and they had seen it. Here the "eyes" represent the whole person and emphasize what the person has seen. Alternate Translation: "You have seen all that Yahweh did so that you would see and remember what he did"
Deu 29:3
the great sufferings that your eyes saw
Here "eyes" emphasizes that Yahweh expected them to remember that they had seen it. Alternate Translation: "you saw for yourselves that the people suffered terribly"
Deu 29:18
whose heart is turning away today from Yahweh our God
Here "heart" refers to the whole person, and "turning away" means to stop obeying. Alternate Translation: "who no longer obeys Yahweh our God"
Deu 30:9
the work of your hand
Here "hand" refers to the whole person. Alternate Translation: "in all the work you do"
Deu 30:17
if your heart turns away ... but instead are drawn away and bow down to other gods and worship them
Here "heart" refers to the whole person. This can be stated in active form. Alternate Translation: "if you stop being loyal to God ... and the people living in the land convince you to bow down and worship other gods"
Deu 31:4
he did to Sihon and to Og, the kings of the Amorites
Here "Sihon" and "Og" refer to two Kings of the Amorites and their armies. See how you translated these names in [Deuteronomy 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate Translation: "he did to Sihon and Og, the kings of the Amorites, and to their armies"
Deu 31:12
your foreigner who is within your city gates
Here "city gates" represents the cities themselves. Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the instances of "your" here are singular. Alternate Translation: "your foreigners who live in your cities"
Deu 31:28
so that I may speak these words in their ears
Here "in their ears" means the people themselves. Alternate Translation: "so that I may speak the words of this song to them"
Deu 31:29
through the work of your hands
Here "your hands" means the people themselves. Alternate Translation: "because of what you have made"
Deu 31:30
Moses recited in the ears of all the assembly of Israel
Here "ears" refers to the whole person. Alternate Translation: "Moses recited to all the people of Israel"
Deu 32:24
I will send on them the teeth of wild animals, with the poison of things that crawl in the dust
The teeth and the poison are synecdoches for the animals that use these things to kill. Alternate Translation: "I will send wild animals to bite them, and things that crawl in the dust to bite and poison them"
Deu 32:41
when my hand begins to bring justice
Here "hand" represents the whole person. Alternate Translation: "when I get ready to judge the wicked"
Deu 32:44
in the ears of the people
Here "ears" represents the people themselves and emphasizes that Moses wanted to make sure they heard the song clearly. Alternate Translation: "to the people so they would be sure to hear it"
Deu 33:11
the work of his hands
Here the word "hands" refers to the whole person. Alternate Translation: "all the work that he does"
Deu 33:16
come on the head of Joseph, and on the top of the head of him
Here "head" and "top of the head" represent the whole person. Also, Joseph represents his descendants. Alternate Translation: "be upon the descendants of Joseph"
Jos 3:15
edge of the water
This can refer to the surface of the water as well as the bank where the water flows to dry land.
Jos 7:5
The hearts of the people melted
Here the people are represented by their "hearts" to emphasize their emotions. Alternate Translation: "The people were very afraid"
Jos 9:6
men of Israel
This refers to the entire nation of Israel.
Jos 9:11
in your hand
This phrase means "take with you." Here the word "hand" represents the possession by the Gibeonites of the provisions.
Jos 10:9
Joshua came
The entire army of Israel is referred to here by the name of their commander, Joshua.
Jos 10:24
every man of Israel
Here the men of Israel represent only those who were soldiers.
Jos 10:42
Joshua captured
Here Joshua represents his whole army. Alternate Translation: "Joshua and his soldiers captured"
Jos 11:11
he set them apart to be destroyed
The word "he" refers to Joshua and represents himself and his army. Completely destroying every living thing in the city is spoken of as if those living things were dedicated for destruction. Alternate Translation: "the army completely destroyed them"
Jos 13:12
Moses struck them
Here "Moses" represents himself and the Israelite army that Moses led. Alternate Translation: "Moses and the Israelites attacked them"
Jos 14:2
by the hand of Moses
Here the word "hand" refers to Moses himself and means that Yahweh used Moses as the agent to deliver his command. Alternate Translation: "through Moses"
Jos 14:9
the land on which your foot has walked
Here "your foot" represents Caleb. Alternate Translation: "the land on which you have walked"
Jos 22:5
with all your heart and with all your soul
The terms "heart" and "soul" are here used together to refer to the entire person. Alternate Translation: "with all you think and feel" or "with your entire being"
Jdg 1:2
Judah will attack
Here "Judah" represents the men of the tribe of Judah. Yahweh is commanding these men to attack first. Alternate Translation: "The men of Judah must attack first"
Jdg 1:5
they fought against him
Here "him" actually refers to Adoni-Bezek and his army. Alternate Translation: "they fought against him and his army"
Jdg 1:8
with the edge of the sword
with the point of the sword. Here "sword" represents the swords and other weapons that the soldiers used in battle. Alternate Translation: "with their swords" or "with their weapons"
Jdg 1:20
three sons of Anak
The leaders of the people groups are used to refer to the entire group. Alternate Translation: "three sons of Anak and their people"
Jdg 1:25
with the edge of the sword
with the point of the sword. Here "sword" represents the swords and other weapons that the soldiers used in battle. Alternate Translation: "with their swords" or "with their weapons"
Jdg 3:3
the five kings
These five kings represent themselves and their people. Alternate Translation: "the five kings and their people"
Jdg 3:10
he went out to war
Here "he" refers to Othniel who represents himself and the army of Israel. Alternate Translation: "Othniel and the Israelite soldiers went to fight against the army of Cushan-Rishathaim"
Jdg 3:10
Yahweh gave him victory over Cushan-Rishathaim king of Aram
Here "Cushan-Rishathaim" represents his army. Alternate Translation: "Yahweh helped the Israelite army defeat the army of Cushan-Rishathaim king of Aram"
Jdg 3:12
to Eglon king of Moab to overpower the Israelites
Here "Eglon king of Moab" represents himself and his army. Alternate Translation: "to Eglon king of Moab and his soldiers as they attacked the Israelite army"
Jdg 4:7
draw out Sisera
Here "Sisera" represents himself and his army. Alternate Translation: "draw out Sisera and his army"
Jdg 4:16
Barak pursued
Here "Barak" represents himself and his army. Alternate Translation: "Barak and his soldiers chased"
Jdg 4:16
the whole army of Sisera was killed by the edge of the sword
Here "sword" represents the swords and other weapons that the soldiers used in battle. This can be stated in active form. Alternate Translation: "Barak and his soldiers killed Sisera's whole army with their swords"
Jdg 4:24
they destroyed him
Here "him" refers to Jabin who represents himself and his army. Alternate Translation: "they destroyed Jabin and his army"
Jdg 5:8
there was fighting at the city gates
Here "gates" represents the entire city. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "enemies attacked the people within the Israelite cities"
Jdg 5:11
Hear the voices of those
Here "voices" represents the people singing. Alternate Translation: "Listen to those"
Jdg 5:11
went down to the city gates
Here "gates" represents the whole city. Alternate Translation: "returned to their cities"
Jdg 5:19
The kings came, they fought ... the kings of Canaan fought
The king of a people group is used to refer to himself and the army he commands. Alternate Translation: "The kings and their armies came and fought ... the kings of Canaan and their armies fought"
Jdg 5:19
no silver as plunder
Here "silver" represents any treasure in general. Alternate Translation: "no silver or other treasures as plunder"
Jdg 5:20
against Sisera
Here "Sisera" represents himself and his whole army. Alternate Translation: "Sisera and his army"
Jdg 5:21
March on my soul, be strong
Here "soul" refers to the whole person. The word "my" refers to Deborah. Alternate Translation: "I tell myself to march on and to be strong"
Jdg 5:30
A womb, two wombs for every man
Here "womb" represents a woman. Sisera's mother believes Sisera's men have captured many women. Alternate Translation: "Each soldier will receive a woman or two"
Jdg 5:30
for the necks of those who plunder
Here "necks" represents Sisera's soldiers. Alternate Translation: "for the soldiers who plunder to wear"
Jdg 7:3
proclaim in the ears of the people
Here "the ears" refers to the whole person. Alternate Translation: "proclaim to the people"
Jdg 8:6
Are the hands of Zebah and Zalmunna
Here "hands" refer to the whole body.
Jdg 8:8
He went up from there
Here "He" refers to Gideon. Gideon represents himself and the soldiers following him. Alternate Translation: "They left there" or "Gideon and his 300 men left there"
Jdg 8:9
I will pull down this tower
Here "I" refers to Gideon and represents himself and his men. Alternate Translation: "My men and I will pull down this tower"
Jdg 8:11
Gideon went up
Here "Gideon" represents himself and all of his soldiers. Alternate Translation: "Gideon and his soldiers went up"
Jdg 8:11
He defeated
Here "He" refers to Gideon and represents himself and all of his soldiers. Alternate Translation: "Gideon and his soldiers defeated"
Jdg 8:16
Gideon took ... he punished ... he pulled
Here "Gideon" represents himself and his soldiers. Alternate Translation: "Gideon and his soldiers took ... they punished ... they pulled"
Jdg 8:17
Gideon took ... he punished ... he pulled
Here "Gideon" represents himself and his soldiers. Alternate Translation: "Gideon and his soldiers took ... they punished ... they pulled"
Jdg 9:43
he attacked
Here "he" refers to Abimelech who represents himself and all of his soldiers. Alternate Translation: "they attacked"
Jdg 9:45
Abimelech fought ... He tore down
Here "Abimelech" represents himself and his soldiers. Alternate Translation: "Abimelech and his soldiers fought ... They tore down"
Jdg 11:12
Why have you come with force to take our land
The word "you" refers to the King of Ammon and represents himself and his soldiers. Alternate Translation: "Why have your soldiers come to seize our land"
Jdg 11:17
When Israel sent messengers
The messengers were sent by the leaders of Israel. Alternate Translation: "When the leaders of Israel sent messengers"
Jdg 11:19
Israel sent messengers to Sihon
The messengers were sent by the leaders of Israel. Alternate Translation: "When the leaders of Israel sent messengers"
Jdg 11:20
there he fought
The word "he" refers to Sihon and represents himself and his army. Alternate Translation: "there they fought" or "there his army fought"
Jdg 11:27
I have not done you wrong, but you are doing me wrong by attacking me
Jephthah is speaking to the Sihon. Here Jephthah speaks about the Israelites as though they were himself and of the Ammonites as if they were Sihon their king. Alternate Translation: "The Israelites have not done wrong to your people, but your people are doing us wrong by attacking us"
Jdg 11:32
So Jephthah passed through ... Yahweh gave him victory ... He attacked
Since Jephthah was the leader of his army, he and his army are often spoken of as Jephthah himself. Alternate Translation: "So Jephthah and his army passed through ... Yahweh gave them victory ... they attacked"
Jdg 11:33
So Jephthah passed through ... Yahweh gave him victory ... He attacked
Since Jephthah was the leader of his army, he and his army are often spoken of as Jephthah himself. Alternate Translation: "So Jephthah and his army passed through ... Yahweh gave them victory ... they attacked"
Jdg 12:2
did not rescue me
Jephthah uses the word "me" to refer to himself and all the people of Gilead. Alternate Translation: "do not rescue us"
Jdg 12:4
he fought against Ephraim
The word "he" refers to Jephthah and all the fighting men of Gilead. Alternate Translation: "they fought against Ephraim"
Jdg 15:8
he cut them to pieces, hip and thigh
Here "hip and thigh" refers to the whole body. This is a graphic description of how Samson killed the Philistines. Alternate Translation: "He cut their bodies to pieces"
Jdg 16:24
who killed many of us
Here the word "us" refers to the Philistine people. Those who are talking are not counting themselves among the people whom Samson killed. Alternate Translation: "who killed many of our people"
Jdg 18:20
The priest's heart was glad
Here the priest is referred to by his "heart" to emphasize his emotions. Alternate Translation: "The priest was glad"
Jdg 18:27
with the edge of the sword
with their swords. Here "the sword" represents the swords and other weapons that the soldiers used in battle.
Jdg 19:5
Strengthen yourself with a bit of bread
Here "bread" refers to "food." Alternate Translation: "Eat some food so you will be strong enough to travel"
Jdg 19:18
will take me
Here the Levite says "me," but he is actually referring to himself along with his servant and his concubine. Alternate Translation: "will take us"
Jdg 21:18
a wife to Benjamin
Here Benjamin refers to the male descendants of Benjamin. Alternate Translation: "a wife to the men of Benjamin"
Rut 3:7
his heart was merry
Here Boaz is referred to by his heart. It does not imply Boaz was overly drunk. Alternate Translation: "he was satisfied" or "he was in a good mood"
Rut 4:5
from the hand of Naomi
Here the word "hand" represents Naomi, who owns the field. Alternate Translation: "from Naomi"
Rut 4:9
from the hand of Naomi
The hand of Naomi represents Naomi. She was responsible for the money exchange. Alternate Translation: "from Naomi"
1Sa 1:18
ate; her face was
Here "her face" represents Hannah herself. You can make this a separate sentence, if needed. Alternate Translation: "ate. She was" or "ate. People could see that she was"
1Sa 1:28
he worshiped Yahweh
Possible meanings: 1) "He" refers to Elkanah or 2) "he" is a synecdoche referring to both Elkanah and his family. Alternate Translation: "Elkanah and his family"
1Sa 2:25
the voice of their father
Here the father's "voice" represents the father. Alternate Translation: "their father" or "what their father said"
1Sa 2:36
so I can eat a piece of bread
Here "piece of bread" is used for "food. "AT: "so I can have something to eat"
1Sa 8:21
he repeated them in the ears of Yahweh
Here "the ears of Yahweh" refers to Yahweh. Samuel prayed to Yahweh repeating all that the people said. Alternate Translation: "he repeated them to Yahweh"
1Sa 10:4
take from their hands
The hands are a synecdoche for the person. "take from them" or "accept"
1Sa 12:16
before your eyes
The word "eyes" here represents the people of the nation of Israel. Alternate Translation: "out in the open where all of the nation of Israel may see"
1Sa 15:8
he took Agag
Here Saul represents himself accompanied by his army. Alternate Translation: "Saul and his army took Agag" or "Saul and his army captured Agag"
1Sa 15:8
he completely destroyed all the people with the edge of the sword
The "edge of the sword" represents the swords and other weapons that soldiers used in battle. Here Saul represents himself accompanied by his army. Alternate Translation: "they completely destroyed all of the people with their swords" or "they killed all of the people with their swords"
1Sa 18:1
Jonathan loved him as his own soul
Here "loved" refers to the love between friends, not romantic love. The word "soul" represents the person or the person's life. Alternate Translation: "Jonathan loved David as much as he loved himself" or "Jonathan loved David as he loved his own life"
1Sa 18:3
Jonathan loved him as his own soul
Here "loved" refers to the love between friends, not romantic love. The word "soul" represents the person or the person's life. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 18:1](./01.md). Alternate Translation: "Jonathan loved David as much as he loved himself" or "Jonathan loved David as he loved his own life"
1Sa 20:16
May Yahweh require an accounting from the hand of the enemies of David
The hand is a synecdoche for the person. Possible meanings are 1) "May Yahweh use David's enemies to punish David if David breaks this promise" or 2) "May Yahweh destroy the enemies of David."
1Sa 20:17
he loved him as he loved his own soul
Here "his own soul" refers to himself. Alternate Translation: "Jonathan loved David as much as he loved himself"
1Sa 21:13
in their hands
Here "hands" are a synecdoche for the person. Alternate Translation: "in their presence"
1Sa 22:17
their hand also is with David
The word "hand" is a metonym for the work done with the hand. Alternate Translation: "they also help David"
1Sa 23:5
went ... fought ... led ... struck ... saved
The writer pays the most attention to David, so these words are all singular, though David's men helped him do all these things.
1Sa 24:10
your eyes have seen
Here "your eyes" represent King Saul. Alternate Translation: "you have seen with your own eyes"
1Sa 25:39
on his own head
The head is a synecdoche for the person. Alternate Translation: "on him"
1Sa 27:1
David said in his heart
Here "his heart" is a metonym that means to himself. Alternate Translation: "David thought to himself"
1Sa 27:1
escape out of his hand
The word "hand" is a synecdoche for the person. Alternate Translation: "escape from him"
1Sa 28:5
he was afraid, and his heart trembled very much
These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize the intensity of his fear. Here Saul is referred to by his "heart." Alternate Translation: "he was terrified"
1Sa 28:9
my life
The word "life" represents the person. Alternate Translation: "me"
1Sa 29:4
He will not go down with us into battle
The person here is a synecdoche for the army he commands. Alternate Translation: "Do not let his army join with our army against our enemies"
1Sa 30:6
all the people were bitter in spirit
The word "bitter" is a metaphor for the desire to rebel. The word "spirit" is a synecdoche for the person. Alternate Translation: "all the people were ready to rebel against David" or "all the people were very unhappy"
2Sa 1:16
your own mouth has testified against you
Here "your own mouth" refers to the man himself. Alternate Translation: "you have testified against yourself"
2Sa 2:7
let your hands be strong
Here "hands" refers to the people of Jabesh Gilead. Alternate Translation: "be strong"
2Sa 2:28
did not pursue Israel
Here "Israel" refers to the Israelite soldiers. Alternate Translation: "did not continue to chase the Israelite soldiers"
2Sa 3:13
you cannot see my face unless you first bring Michal
David is stating the condition under which he will meet Abner. Here "face" refers to David himself. Alternate Translation: "you cannot see me unless you bring Michal to me first"
2Sa 4:1
his hands became weak
In this phrase "his hands" represents Ishbosheth. Alternate Translation: "Ishbosheth became weak" or "Ishbosheth lost all strength"
2Sa 4:9
who delivered my life
Here "life" refers to David himself. This means that Yahweh has kept David alive. Alternate Translation: "who rescued me"
2Sa 6:20
before the eyes of the slave girls
Here "eyes of the slave girls" represents the slave girls. Alternate Translation: "in front of the slave girls"
2Sa 8:1
David attacked
Here David represents his soldiers. Alternate Translation: "David and his soldiers attacked"
2Sa 8:2
Then he defeated
Here "he" refers to David who represents his soldiers. Alternate Translation: "Then they defeated"
2Sa 8:3
David then defeated Hadadezer
Here both "David" and "Hadadezer" represent their armies. Alternate Translation: "David and his army then defeated the army of Hadadezer"
2Sa 8:5
David killed
Here David represents his soldiers. Alternate Translation: "David and his soldiers killed"
2Sa 8:9
David had defeated
Here "David" represents his army. Alternate Translation: "David's army had defeated"
2Sa 10:11
for me, then you, Abishai, must rescue me
Here "me" refers to Joab. Joab and Abishai represents themselves and their armies. Alternate Translation: "for us, then you, Abishai, and your army must rescue us"
2Sa 10:14
from Abishai
Here Abishai represents himself and his soldiers. Alternate Translation: "from Abishai and his soldiers"
2Sa 10:17
against David and fought him
Here David represents himself and his soldiers. Alternate Translation: "against David and his soldiers and fought them"
2Sa 10:18
David killed
Here David represents himself and his soldiers. Alternate Translation: "David and his soldiers killed"
2Sa 11:11
Israel and Judah
This refers to their armies. Alternate Translation: "the armies of Israel and Judah"
2Sa 11:14
sent it by the hand of Uriah
The phrase "the hand of Uriah" refers to Uriah himself. Alternate Translation: "sent Uriah himself to deliver it to him"
2Sa 12:11
Before your own eyes
Here David is referred to by his eyes to emphasize what he would see. Alternate Translation: "While you are watching"
2Sa 12:18
he did not listen to our voice
The servants are referred to here by their voices to emphasize that they were speaking. Alternate Translation: "he did not listen to us"
2Sa 12:26
Joab fought ... he captured
Here the author says "Joab" but he is referring to Joab and his soldiers who fought with him. Alternate Translation: "Joab and his soldiers fought ... they captured"
2Sa 12:27
I have fought ... I have taken ... if I take
Here Joab speaks of himself when he is actually referring to himself and his soldiers. Alternate Translation: "My soldiers and I have fought ... my soldier and I have taken ... if my soldiers and I take"
2Sa 12:28
I have fought ... I have taken ... if I take
Here Joab speaks of himself when he is actually referring to himself and his soldiers. Alternate Translation: "My soldiers and I have fought ... my soldier and I have taken ... if my soldiers and I take"
2Sa 12:29
he fought
Here the author speaks of David when he is actually referring to David and his soldiers. Alternate Translation: "David and his soldiers fought"
2Sa 13:27
all the king's sons
This does not include Absalom and Amnon who is dead. It includes the rest of the sons that the king allowed to go to the celebration. Alternate Translation: "the rest of the king's sons"
2Sa 13:39
The mind of King David longed
Here David is referred to by his mind to emphasize his thoughts. Alternate Translation: "King David longed"
2Sa 14:10
says anything to you
Here speaking threats is spoken of as speaking in general. Alternate Translation: "threatens you" or "speaks threats to you"
2Sa 14:24
but he may not see my face ... the king's face
Here the word "face" refers to the king himself. Alternate Translation: "but he may not see me ... the king"
2Sa 14:28
the king's face
Here "the king's face" refers to the king himself. Alternate Translation: "the king"
2Sa 14:32
the king's face
Here "king's face" refers to the king himself. Alternate Translation: "the king"
2Sa 15:13
The hearts of the men of Israel are following after
Here the men are referred to by their "hearts" to emphasize their loyalty to Absalom. Alternate Translation: "The men of Israel are loyal to" or "The men of Israel are following after"
2Sa 15:14
escape from Absalom ... he will quickly ... and he will bring
Here David speaks of Absalom and the men with him as "Absalom" himself because the men are following Absalom's authority. Alternate Translation: "escape from Absalom and his men ... he and his men will quickly ... and they will bring"
2Sa 15:36
by their hand
The phrase "their hand" refers to the sons and means that they were to serve as messengers. Alternate Translation: "their sons to tell me"
2Sa 16:21
Then the hands of all who are with you will be strong
Here the people who followed Absalom are referred to by their hands. The news will strengthen the peoples' loyalty to Absalom and encourage them. This can be stated clearly. Alternate Translation: "The news of this will strengthen the loyalty of all who follow you"
2Sa 16:23
as if a man heard from the mouth of God himself
Here God's mouth represents himself and emphasizes his speech. Alternate Translation: "as if God had said it with his own mouth" or "as if a man heard it spoken by God himself"
2Sa 17:10
whose hearts are like the heart of a lion
Here the soldiers are refers to by their "hearts." Also, their strong bravery is compared to that of a lion's. Alternate Translation: "who are as brave as lions" or "who are very brave"
2Sa 17:13
then all Israel
This refers to Israel's soldiers, not to all of Israel. Alternate Translation: "then all of our soldiers"
2Sa 18:6
against Israel
Here "Israel" refers to their soldiers, not all of the Israelites. Alternate Translation: "against the Israelite soldiers"
2Sa 18:14
heart of Absalom
Here Absalom's heart refers to his chest or upper body. Alternate Translation: "chest"
2Sa 18:15
armor
This refers to both the armor he would wear to protect himself and to his weapons. Alternate Translation: "armor and weapons"
2Sa 18:16
returned from pursuing Israel
Here "Israel" refers to the Israelite army. Alternate Translation: "returned from pursuing the Israelite army"
2Sa 18:17
while all Israel fled
Here "all Israel" refers to the Israelite soldiers. The word "fled" means "ran away." Alternate Translation: "while all the Israelite soldiers ran away"
2Sa 19:5
You have shamed the faces of all your soldiers today
Here the soldiers are referred to by their face to emphasize how they would have hid their faces because of their shame" Alternate Translation: "You have caused all your soldiers to hide their faces in shame today" or "You have caused all of your soldiers to be ashamed today"
2Sa 19:8
So Israel fled, every man to his home
Here "Israel" refers to the Israelite soldiers who followed Absalom. Alternate Translation: "And every Israelite soldier fled to his own home" or "And all of the Israelite soldiers fled to their homes"
2Sa 20:14
Sheba passed through
Here "Sheba" refers to both him and his army. Alternate Translation: "Sheba and his army" or "Sheba and his men"
2Sa 20:21
I will withdraw from the city
Here the "I" refers to both Joab and his soldiers. Alternate Translation: "We will withdraw from the city"
2Sa 21:1
sought the face of Yahweh
Here "face" is a synecdoche for Yahweh's presence. This means David prayed to Yahweh for an answer about the famine.
2Sa 22:35
my hands ... and my arms
Both of these refer to David.
2Sa 22:37
You have made a wide place for my feet beneath me
Yahweh has put David in a safe place where his enemies cannot trap him. Here he refers to himself by his "feet" to emphasize his ability to stand securely.
2Sa 24:4
the king's word
This phrase represents the king's command to them. Alternate Translation: "what the king had commanded"
1Ki 1:20
the eyes of all Israel are on you, waiting
Here "eyes" refers to the people. Here "the eyes ... are on you" is an idiom that means the people are waiting expectantly. Alternate Translation: "all the people of Israel are waiting expectantly"
1Ki 2:44
will return your wickedness on your own head
Here the head represents the person, and wickedness is spoken of as if it were a solid or liquid that could be put on a person's head. Alternate Translation: "will hold you responsible for all your wickedness"
1Ki 8:32
upon his own head
Here "head" refers to the whole person. Alternate Translation: "on him"
1Ki 8:52
May your eyes be open
The eye is a synecdoche for the person. Alternate Translation: "Please pay attention"
1Ki 9:3
My eyes and my heart will be there
The eyes and heart are synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate Translation: "I will protect and care for it"
1Ki 9:10
Solomon had finished building
It might be best to translate so that the reader understands that other people helped Solomon do this.
1Ki 9:17
So Solomon rebuilt Gezer
It might be best to translate so that the reader understands that other people helped Solomon do this.
1Ki 9:26
King Solomon built
It might be best to translate so that the reader understands that other people helped Solomon do this.
1Ki 10:12
The king made
It might be best to translate so that the reader understands that other people helped Solomon do this. Alternate Translation: "The king told his people to make"
1Ki 10:16
King Solomon made
It might be best to translate so that the reader understands that other people helped Solomon do this. Alternate Translation: "King Solomon's men made"
1Ki 10:17
He also made
It might be best to translate so that the reader understands that other people helped Solomon do this. Alternate Translation: "The king's men also made"
1Ki 10:18
the king made
It might be best to translate so that the reader understands that other people helped the king do this. Alternate Translation: "the king's men made"
1Ki 11:16
Joab and all Israel
The words "all Israel" refer to the army of Israel. Alternate Translation: "Joab and all of the Israelite army"
1Ki 11:24
when David defeated
Here "David" refers to David and his army. Alternate Translation: "when David's army overcame"
1Ki 12:1
all Israel was coming
Here "Israel" represents all the men of Israel capable of fighting. Here "all Israel" is a generalization which means almost all the men of Israel. Alternate Translation: "all the men of Israel were coming"
1Ki 12:16
all Israel
Here "Israel" represents all he men of Israel capable of fighting. "All Israel" is a generalization which means almost all the men of Israel. Alternate Translation: "all the men of Israel"
1Ki 12:20
when all Israel heard
All Israel here is a generalization that means the capable men of Israel who represent the rest of the people by a synecdoche. Alternate Translation: "when all the leaders of Israel heard"
1Ki 13:31
Lay my bones beside his bones
Here "my bones" represents his entire body. Alternate Translation: "Lay my dead body beside his bones"
1Ki 14:12
when your feet enter the city
The word "feet" here is a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate Translation: "when you enter the city"
1Ki 14:25
Shishak king of Egypt came up against Jerusalem
Shishak king of Egypt represents himself along with the Egyptian army. Alternate Translation: "Shishak king of Egypt, and his army with him, came up against Jerusalem"
1Ki 14:26
He took
The word "He" represents Shishak and the soldiers who were with him. Alternate Translation: "Shishak and his army took"
1Ki 14:30
warfare between Rehoboam and Jeroboam
The names of the kings represent themselves and their armies. Alternate Translation: "the armies of Rehoboam and Jeroboam fought in battle again and again" or "Rehoboam and his people and Jeroboam and his people engaged in battle continually"
1Ki 15:3
his heart was not devoted ... as the heart of David
The heart represents the whole person. Alternate Translation: "Abijah was not devoted ... as David"
1Ki 15:6
between Rehoboam and Jeroboam
These kings represent themselves and their armies. Rehoboam was Abijah's father. Alternate Translation: "between the armies of Rehoboam and Jeroboam"
1Ki 15:7
between Abijah and Jeroboam
The names "Abijah" and "Jeroboam" represent the kings and their armies. Alternate Translation: "between the armies of Abijah and Jeroboam"
1Ki 15:14
Asa's heart was completely devoted
The heart represents the person. Alternate Translation: "Asa was completely devoted"
1Ki 15:27
Nadab and all Israel
The phrase all Israel" is a generalization that represents the many soldiers of Israel. Alternate Translation: "Nadab and the many soldiers of Israel" or "Nadab and the army of Israel"
1Ki 16:7
with the work of his hands
Here Basha is represented by his "hands." This speaks of all of his actions as his "work." Alternate Translation: "by the things Baasha had done"
1Ki 16:16
all Israel
Both times this phrase is used, it represents the army of Israel. Here the word "all" is a generalization meaning "most." Alternate Translation: "all the army of Israel" or "most of the soldiers in the army of Israel" or "the army of Israel"
1Ki 18:6
Ahab went one way by himself and Obadiah went another way
The phrase "by himself" emphasizes that Ahab and Obadiah went in separate directions, not necessarily that no one was with Ahab. Alternate Translation: "Ahab lead a team in one direction and Obadiah lead a team in the other direction"
1Ki 18:20
sent word to ... and gathered
Word represents Ahab's message and is also a metonym for the messenger who delivered the message. This is a common statement used with the meaning understood. Alternate Translation: "sent a message to ... and gathered" or "sent a messenger to summon ... to gather"
1Ki 20:6
whatever pleases their eyes
Here the "eyes" represent the whole person and emphasize them looking at something and desiring it. Alternate Translation: "whatever pleases them"
1Ki 20:20
Israel pursued them
Israel is synecdoche for all the soldiers of the nation of Israel. Alternate Translation: "the men of the army of Israel pursued them"
1Ki 20:21
the king of Israel went out and attacked
The king is synecdoche for the king and all the soldiers serving under him. Alternate Translation: "The king of Israel and his soldiers went out and attacked"
1Ki 20:26
to fight against Israel
Israel represents the army of Israel. Alternate Translation: "to fight against the army of Israel"
1Ki 21:1
king of Samaria
Samaria was the capital city of the kingdom of Israel and here represents the entire nation. Alternate Translation: "king of Israel"
1Ki 21:5
Why is your heart so sad
Here "heart" refers to the entire person and his emotions. Alternate Translation: "Why are you so sad"
1Ki 21:7
let your heart be happy
Here "heart" refers to the entire person and his emotions. Alternate Translation: "be happy" or "cheer up"
1Ki 22:17
I saw all Israel
Here "all Israel" refers to the army of Israel. Alternate Translation: "I saw the entire army of Israel"
1Ki 22:29
Ahab, the king of Israel, and Jehoshaphat, the king of Judah, went up
Here the kings represent themselves accompanied by their armies. Alternate Translation: "Ahab, the king of Israel, and Jehoshaphat, the king of Judah led their armies up"
2Ki 3:6
to mobilize all Israel for war
to prepare the people of Israel for war. Here "all Israel" refers to all of the Israelite soldiers. Alternate Translation: "to mobilize all of the Israelite soldiers for war"
2Ki 3:7
Will you go with me against Moab to battle?
The word "you" refers to Jehoshaphat, but refers to both him and his army. Here "Moab" stands for "the army of Moab." Alternate Translation: "Will you and your army go with me to fight against the army of Moab?"
2Ki 3:7
I will go
Jehoshaphat is saying that he and his entire army will fight with King Joram against Moab. Alternate Translation: "We will go with you"
2Ki 3:9
the king of Israel went with the king of Judah and the king of Edom
This refers to the kings accompanied by their armies. Alternate Translation: "the king of Israel and his army went with the king of Judah and his army and the king of Edom and his army"
2Ki 3:10
to give them into the hand of Moab
Here "Moab" refers to its army. Also, "the hand of Moab" refers to the "control" of Moab's army. Alternate Translation: "to give us over to Moab's control" or "so the army of Moab will defeat us"
2Ki 3:21
the kings had come
Here the word "kings" refers to both the kings and their armies. Alternate Translation: "the kings had come with their armies" or "the kings and their armies had come"
2Ki 3:23
So now, Moab
The soldiers are referring to themselves here as "Moab." Alternate Translation: "soldiers of Moab"
2Ki 3:24
camp of Israel
Here "Israel" refers only to the Israelite soldiers and not to the whole nation of Israel. Alternate Translation: "the area where the Israelite soldiers had set up their tents"
2Ki 3:24
the Israelites surprised
Here "Israelites" refers only to the Israelite soldiers and not to the whole nation of Israel. Alternate Translation: "the Israelite soldiers surprised"
2Ki 4:20
the child sat on her knees until noon and then died
Here the woman's knees refer to her lap. She held her son in her lap until he died. Alternate Translation: "she held him on her lap until noon and then he died"
2Ki 5:2
The Arameans had gone out
Here the "Arameans" refer to the Aramean soldiers.
2Ki 5:20
from his hands
Here Naaman is referred to by his hands to emphasize the act of giving. Alternate Translation: "from him"
2Ki 6:22
Put bread and water before them, that they may eat and drink
Here "bread" refers to food in general. Alternate Translation: "Give them food to eat and water to drink"
2Ki 6:24
attacked Samaria
The king and his army attacked Samaria. Alternate Translation: "they attacked Samaria"
2Ki 7:2
you will watch it happen with your own eyes
The phrase "with your own eyes" emphasizes that the captain will certainly see the things that Elisha prophesied. Alternate Translation: "you yourself will watch these things happen"
2Ki 7:6
the kings of the Hittites and Egyptians
Here the word "kings" represents the kings and their armies. Alternate Translation: "the armies of the Hittites and the Egyptians"
2Ki 7:19
you will watch it happen with your own eyes
The phrase "with your own eyes" emphasizes that the captain will certainly see the things that Elisha prophesied. See how you translated this in [2 Kings 7:2](./01.md). Alternate Translation: "you yourself will watch these things happen"
2Ki 8:8
Take a gift
Hazael was to take many gifts, not just one. Alternate Translation: "take many gifts"
2Ki 8:12
you will do
The word "you" represents Hazael and refers to himself and the soldiers under his control when he is king. Alternate Translation: "you will cause to happen" or "you will order your soldiers"
2Ki 8:28
Ahaziah went with Joram son of Ahab, to fight against Hazael, king of Aram
The names of the three kings listed here are synecdoches and refer also to their armies that accompany them. Alternate Translation: "Ahaziah's army joined the army of King Joram of Israel to fight against the army of King Hazael of Aram"
2Ki 8:29
against Hazael king of Aram
Here "Hazael" refers to himself and his army. Alternate Translation: "the army of Hazael king of Aram"
2Ki 9:1
in your hand
The phrase "in your hand" refers to him taking the bottle with him. Alternate Translation: "with you"
2Ki 9:8
every male child
This phrase is used to refer to every male, but it specifies "child" to emphasize that it includes children. Alternate Translation: "every male"
2Ki 9:13
They blew the trumpet and said
Not every man blew a trumpet. It is likely only one man blew a trumpet. Alternate Translation: "One of them blew the trumpet and they all said"
2Ki 9:14
all Israel
These refers only to the Israelite army and not to everyone who lives in Israel. Alternate Translation: "he and his army" or "he and the Israelite army"
2Ki 9:15
against Hazael king of Aram
This refers to Hazael and his army. Alternate Translation: "against Hazael king of Aram and his army"
2Ki 10:3
for your master's royal line
your master's descendants. Here the man that they selected to be king is referred to as Ahab's royal line of descendants. Alternate Translation: "to defend your master's descendant" or "to defend him"
2Ki 10:25
with the edge of the sword
The men used swords to kill the worshipers of Baal. This phrase refers to their swords. Alternate Translation: "with their swords"
2Ki 10:32
Hazael defeated
Here "Hazael" refers to himself and his army. Alternate Translation: "Hazael and his army" or "King Hazael's Aramean army"
2Ki 12:11
into the hands of men
Here "hands" refers to the men. Alternate Translation: "to men"
2Ki 12:17
Hazael king of Aram attacked ... Hazael then turned to attack
This refers to Hazael's army as well as to Hazael. Alternate Translation: "Hazael king of Aram and his army attacked ... Then they turned to attack"
2Ki 13:25
Jehoash attacked him three times
Here "Jehoash" and "him" refer to the kings and their armies. Alternate Translation: "Jehoash's army attacked Ben Hadad's army three times"
2Ki 14:6
Yet he did not put the sons of the murderers to death
King Amaziah did not order his servants to kill the children of the men who killed his father. If he was going to have them executed though, he would have commanded his servants do it, he would not have done it himself. Alternate Translation: "But he did not tell his servants to execute those officials' children"
2Ki 14:7
He killed
Here "He" refers to his army. Alternate Translation: "Amaziah's army killed" or "Amaziah's soldiers killed"
2Ki 14:7
he also took Sela in war
Here the word "he" refers to King amaziah and represents himself and his army. Alternate Translation: "King Amaziah's army captured the city of Sela"
2Ki 14:8
Then Amaziah sent messengers to Jehoash son of Jehoahaz son of Jehu king of Israel, saying, "Come, let us meet each other face to face in battle."
Here "each other" also included their armies. Alternate Translation: "Then Amaziah sent messengers to King Jehoash of Israel, saying, 'Come here and let us and our armies fight each other in battle.'"
2Ki 14:11
So Jehoash king of Israel attacked ... Amaziah king of Judah met each other
The armies of these kings went to battle with them. Alternate Translation: "So Jehoash and his army went to fight Amaziah and his army and they met each other"
2Ki 14:13
He came ... He took
Here "He" refers to Jehoash and his army. Alternate Translation: "Jehoash and his army came ... Jehoash's soldiers took"
2Ki 14:14
He came ... He took
Here "He" refers to Jehoash and his army. Alternate Translation: "Jehoash and his army came ... Jehoash's soldiers took"
2Ki 14:22
It was Azariah who rebuilt Elath
Azariah did not do this alone. Alternate Translation: "It was Azariah who ordered Elath to be rebuilt" or "It was Azariah who supervised the rebuilding of Elath"
2Ki 15:19
Pul the king of Assyria came against the land
The phrase "Pul the king of Assyria" represents Pul and his army. Alternate Translation: "Pul the king of Assyria came with his army against the land"
2Ki 15:29
He carried away the people to Assyria
Here "He" refers to Tiglath-Pileser and represents him and his army. Carrying the people to Assyria represents forcing them to go to Assyria. Alternate Translation: "He and his army forced the people to go to Assyria
2Ki 16:5
besieged Ahaz
Ahaz was in Jerusalem. Here "Ahaz" represents himself and the people who were in Jerusalem with him. Alternate Translation: "surrounded the city with Ahaz in it" or "surrounded Ahaz and the others in the city with him"
2Ki 16:7
who have attacked me
The kings attacking Ahaz represent the armies of those kings attacking Ahaz and his people. Alternate Translation: "who have attacked me with their armies" or "whose armies have attacked me"
2Ki 16:9
the king of Assyria went up against Damascus
The word "king" represents the king and his army. Also, Damascus represents the people who live there. Alternate Translation: "the king of Assyria and his army attacked the people of Damascus"
2Ki 19:23
I have gone up ... I will cut down ... I will enter
These boasts made by Sennacherib could only be fulfilled by his army. The pronoun "I" represents him and his army.
2Ki 20:17
the days
Days is synecdoche to refer to an undefined span of time.
2Ki 21:8
the feet of Israel
The feet are a synecdoche for the person. Alternate Translation: "the people of Israel" or "the Israelites"
2Ki 21:14
give them into the hand of their enemies
Here the "hand" of the enemies refers to their enemies' control. Alternate Translation: "let their enemies defeat them and take over their land"
2Ki 22:5
Let it be given into the hand of the workmen
Here "hand" represents the workmen as a whole. This can be stated in active form. Alternate Translation: "Tell Hilkiah to give the money to the workmen"
2Ki 22:9
given it into the hand of the workmen
Here "hand" represents the workmen as a whole. Alternate Translation: "given it to the workmen"
2Ki 22:13
the words of this book that has been found
Here "words" represents the laws. This can be stated in active form. Alternate Translation: "the laws in this book that Hilkiah has found" (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2Ki 22:16
to this place
to Jerusalem. This refers to the city of Jerusalem which represents the whole land of Judah. Alternate Translation: "to Judah"
2Ki 22:20
Your eyes
Here "eyes" represents the whole person.
2Ki 25:7
they slaughtered them before his eyes
The eyes are synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate Translation: "they forced king Zedekiah to watch them kill his sons"
1Ch 5:10
lived in the Hagrites' tents
The tents are a synecdoche for the land and the buildings on the land. Alternate Translation: "took over all the Hagrites' land and buildings" or "they lived in all the Hagrite territory"
1Ch 6:15
exiled Judah and Jerusalem by the hand of Nebuchadnezzar
The power Nebuchadnezzar has through his army is described as the part of his body ("hand") he uses to direct his army. Alternate Translation: "allowed Nebuchadnezzar's army to defeat the armies of Judah and Jerusalem and take the people into captivity"
1Ch 10:12
their bones
The bones are a synecdoche for the dead bodies. Alternate Translation: "their bodies"
1Ch 12:8
whose faces were as fierce as the faces of lions
Here the word "faces" represents the men and the lions. Their faces express the fierceness with which they fight battles. Alternate Translation: "who were as fierce in battle as lions hunting prey"
1Ch 12:40
Israel was celebrating
The word "Israel" represents the people who make up the nation. Alternate Translation: "the people of Israel were celebrating"
1Ch 16:10
let the heart of those who seek Yahweh rejoice
- Here "the heart" represents the person who seeks Yahweh. Alternate Translation: "let the people who seek Yahweh rejoice"
1Ch 19:17
he gathered ... He arranged
David did not do these things alone. His official and officers helped him. Alternate Translation: "David and his officials gathered ... David and his officers arranged"
1Ch 19:17
they fought him
Here "him" refers to David's soldiers, in addition to David. Alternate Translation: "the Arameans fought David and his soldiers"
1Ch 20:2
he brought out ... He brought out
These two occurrences of "he" refer to David, but they also refer to David's soldiers who helped David do these things.
1Ch 20:3
he brought out ... He brought out
These two occurrences of "he" refer to David, but they also refer to David's soldiers who helped David do these things.
1Ch 20:8
they were killed by the hand of David and by the hand of his soldiers
David and his soldiers are referred to by the part of their bodies used to hold a sword. This can be stated in active form. Alternate Translation: "David and his soldiers killed the descendants of the Rephaim"
1Ch 22:19
with all your heart and your soul
Here "heart" and "soul" refer to the whole person. Alternate Translation: "with your whole being"
1Ch 28:8
your children after you forever
This means that the land will belong to their children and the descendants in the future. The phrase "after you" is an idiom. Alternate Translation: "your children and your descendants who will take your place after you die"
1Ch 28:9
with your whole heart
Here the "heart" the represents the whole person. To do something with "your whole heart" is an idiom. Alternate Translation: "with complete devotion" or "completely"
1Ch 28:9
a willing spirit
Here the "spirit" represents the whole person and emphasizes the person's will. Alternate Translation: "willingly"
2Ch 1:13
So Solomon came to Jerusalem
Here "Solomon" represents all the people with him. Also "came" can be stated as "went." Alternate Translation: "So Solomon and the people with him went to Jerusalem"
2Ch 4:11
Huram finished the work that he did ... He had
Here Huram represents all who worked on the temple. Alternate Translation: "Huram and the other workers finished the work that they did ... They had"
2Ch 4:13
Huram finished the work that he did ... He had
Here Huram represents all who worked on the temple. Alternate Translation: "Huram and the other workers finished the work that they did ... They had"
2Ch 4:14
He also made ... Huram-Abi made
Here Huram, who is also called Huram-Abi, represents all those who worked with him. Alternate Translation: "They also made ... Huram-Abi and his craftsmen made"
2Ch 4:16
He also made ... Huram-Abi made
Here Huram, who is also called Huram-Abi, represents all those who worked with him. Alternate Translation: "They also made ... Huram-Abi and his craftsmen made"
2Ch 6:2
I have built you a lofty residence
Solomon speaks of commanding the people to build the temple and telling them how to do it as if he himself had built it. Alternate Translation: "I and your people have built you a lofty residence"
2Ch 6:18
this temple that I have built
Solomon speaks of commanding the people to build the temple and telling them how to do it as if he himself had built it. Alternate Translation: "this temple that your people have built under my leadership" or "this house that I and your people have built"
2Ch 6:23
upon his own head
Here the "head" refers to the whole person. Alternate Translation: "on him"
2Ch 6:33
this house I have built
Solomon speaks of commanding the people to build the temple and telling them how to do it as if he himself had built it. See how you translated a similar phrase in [2 Chronicles 6:18](./18.md). Alternate Translation: "this house that your people have built under my leadership" or "this house that I and your people have built"
2Ch 6:34
the house that I have built
Solomon speaks of commanding the people to build the temple and telling them how to do it as if he himself had built it. Alternate Translation: "this house that your people have built under my leadership" or "this house that I and your people have built"
2Ch 6:38
the house that I have built
Solomon speaks of commanding the people to build the temple and telling them how to do it as if he himself had built it. Alternate Translation: "the house that your people have built under my leadership" or "the house that I and your people have built"
2Ch 8:3
Solomon attacked Hamathzobah
Solomon represents his whole fighting army. Alternate Translation: "Solomon's army attacked the town of Hamathzolbah"
2Ch 8:4
He built Tadmor in the wilderness
Tadmor was a city north of Israel, in modern-day Syria. The author writes of Solomon commanding the people to build Tadmor as if Solomon himself built it. Alternate Translation: "Solomon caused the town of Tadmor in the wilderness to be rebuilt" or "Solomon commanded, and the people built the town of Tadmor in the wilderness"
2Ch 9:6
now my eyes have seen it
The phrase "my eyes" emphasizes that she herself saw it. Alternate Translation: "now I have seen it for myself"
2Ch 12:7
by means of Shishak's hand
Here the word "hand" represents Shishak himself. Alternate Translation: "by means of Shishak"
2Ch 12:15
the constant wars between Rehoboam and Jeroboam
The names of the kings represent the armies that they led. Alternate Translation: "the wars in which Rehoboam's army and Jeroboam's army constantly engaged"
2Ch 13:2
There was war between Abijah and Jeroboam
The names of the kings represent the armies that they led. Alternate Translation: "There was war between the army of Abijah and the army of Jeroboam"
2Ch 15:7
do not let your hands be weak
Here the word "hands" represents the people who work. Alternate Translation: "do not become weak as you work"
2Ch 15:17
Asa's heart was completely devoted
The heart represents the person. Alternate Translation: "Asa was completely devoted"
2Ch 16:4
sent the commanders of his armies against the cities
Here Asa's armies are represented by their commanders. Alternate Translation: "sent his armies to attack the cities"
2Ch 16:5
he stopped building up Ramah, and let his work cease
Here Asa represents himself and his army. "his work" refers to other work that his workers were doing in Ramah. Alternate Translation: "he commanded his army to stop fortifying Ramah and doing other work there"
2Ch 16:8
he gave you victory
This means that king Asa's army was able to defeat the opposing army. Alternate Translation: "he gave your army victory"
2Ch 17:1
strengthened himself against Israel
Jehoshaphat prepared the army for battle. Alternate Translation: "prepared the army to be able to battle Israel"
2Ch 17:6
His heart
Here the king is represented by his "heart" to emphasize his will and desires. Alternate Translation: "He"
2Ch 17:10
against Jehoshaphat
Here Jehoshaphat represents his army. Alternate Translation: "against Jehoshaphat's army"
2Ch 18:5
should I not
Here about refers to himself accompanied by his army as himself. Alternate Translation: "should we not"
2Ch 18:28
Ahab, the king of Israel, and Jehoshaphat, the king of Judah, went up against
Here the kings represent themselves accompanied by their armies. Alternate Translation: "Ahab, the king of Israel, and Jehoshaphat, the king of Judah led their armies up against"
2Ch 20:1
came against Jehoshaphat to do battle
Here "Jehoshaphat" represents himself and his army. Alternate Translation: "came against Jehoshaphat's army to do battle" or "came to fight against Jehoshaphat and his army"
2Ch 20:9
your name is in this house
Here Yahweh's presence is represented by his "name." Alternate Translation: "your presence is here in this house"
2Ch 20:12
our eyes are on you
Here the people are represented by their "eyes" to emphasize that they are directing their attention to God. Alternate Translation: "we are looking to you for help"
2Ch 20:27
every man of Judah and Jerusalem
This is a reference to every man in the army. Alternate Translation: "every soldier of Judah and Jerusalem"
2Ch 21:11
Jehoram had also built high places
Other people helped Jehoram build these high places all over the mountains of Judah. Alternate Translation: "Jehoram and the people had also built high places"
2Ch 21:16
against Jehoram
Here Jehoram refers to Jehoram and the people of Judah that he ruled. Alternate Translation: "against Jehoram and the people of Judah"
2Ch 22:5
to fight against Hazael, king of Aram
The reader should understand that Hazael did not fight alone, but that he took his army with him. Alternate Translation: "to fight against Hazael, king of Aram, and his army"
2Ch 26:2
It was he who rebuilt Elath
Uzziah did not do this alone. Alternate Translation: "It was he who ordered Elath to be rebuilt" or "It was he who supervised the rebuilding of Elath"
2Ch 26:6
Uzziah went out and fought against the Philistines
Here "Uzziah" represents himself and his army that he led. Alternate Translation: "Uzziah led his army out to fight against the Philistines" or "Uzziah and his army went out and fought against the Philistines"
2Ch 26:6
He broke down ... he built cities ... God helped him
Here the pronouns "He" and "him" represent Uzziah and his army. Alternate Translation: "Uzziah and his army broke down ... they built cities ... God helped them"
2Ch 26:7
He broke down ... he built cities ... God helped him
Here the pronouns "He" and "him" represent Uzziah and his army. Alternate Translation: "Uzziah and his army broke down ... they built cities ... God helped them"
2Ch 27:5
He fought also with the king of the people of Ammon
You may need to translate so that the reader understands that Jothan led his army to fight. Alternate Translation: "He also led his army to fight with the king of the people of Ammon"
2Ch 27:5
with the king of the people of Ammon
You may need to translate so that the reader understands that the king of Ammon led his army to fight. Alternate Translation: "with the king of Ammon and his army"
2Ch 29:31
who had a willing heart
Here the word "heart" represents the person who was willing. Alternate Translation: "who were willing" or "who desired"
2Ch 30:1
Ephraim and Manasseh
Ephraim and Manasseh were two of the tribes in the northern part of Israel. Here the phrase "Ephraim and Manasseh" refers to the people who belonged to all ten of the northern tribes of Israel. Alternate Translation: "the northern tribes of Israel"
2Ch 30:10
the regions of Ephraim and Manasseh
Ephraim and Manasseh were two of the tribes in the northern part of Israel. Here the phrase "Ephraim and Manasseh" refers to the people who belonged to all ten of the northern tribes of Israel. See how you translated it in [2 Chronicles 30:1](./01.md). Alternate Translation: "the regions of the northern tribes of Israel"
2Ch 32:1
Sennacherib, king of Assyria, came ... He camped
Here Sennacherib represents his army. Alternate Translation: "Sennacherib, king of Assyria, and his army came ... They camped"
2Ch 32:2
that Sennacherib had come and that he intended
Here Sennacherib also represents his army. Alternate Translation: "that Sennacherib and his army had come and that they intended"
2Ch 32:5
Hezekiah took courage and built up ... He built ... He also ... he made
The readers should understand that Hezekiah probably commanded other people to do the actual work. Alternate Translation: "Hezekiah took courage and commanded the people to build up ... They built ... They also ... they made"
2Ch 33:9
Judah and the inhabitants of Jerusalem
Here "Jerusalem" is a part of "Judah." Alternate Translation: "the people of Judah and Jerusalem"
2Ch 33:11
the commanders of the army of the king of Assyria
The commanders were accompanied by their soldiers. Alternate Translation: "the commanders of the army of the king of Assyria and their soldiers"
2Ch 34:10
the money
This refers to some on the money that was entrusted to Hilkiah. Alternate Translation: "some of the money"
2Ch 34:17
into the hand of the supervisors and to the workmen
The supervisors and workmen are represented by their "hand" to emphasize their possession. Alternate Translation: "to the supervisors and the workmen"
2Ch 34:24
on this place
to Jerusalem This refers to the city of Jerusalem which represents the whole land of Judah. Alternate Translation: "on Judah"
2Ch 34:28
your eyes will not see
Here "eyes" represents the whole person. Also, the phrase "will not see" represents not experiencing something. Alternate Translation: "you will not experience"
2Ch 34:33
For all of his days
Josiah's life is represented by his "days." Alternate Translation: "For all of his life" or "As long as Josiah was alive"
2Ch 35:6
to do according to the word of Yahweh that was given by the hand of Moses
Here the word "hand" refers to Moses himself. Yahweh used Moses as the agent to deliver his command. This can be translated in active form. Alternate Translation: "to obey all of the commands that Yahweh gave to the people through Moses" or "to do everything that Yahweh commanded Moses to tell the people"
2Ch 35:11
the blood that they received from the Levites' hand
Here the word "hand" refers to the Levites. Alternate Translation: "the blood that the Levites gave them"
2Ch 35:20
Josiah went to fight against him
Here both Josiah and Necho represent themselves accompained by their armies. Alternate Translation: "Josiah and his army went to fight against Necho and his army"
2Ch 35:21
I am not coming against you
Here the king Josiah represents his kingdom. Alternate Translation: "I am not fighting your kingdom"
2Ch 35:22
fight with him
The word "him" refers to Necho who represents himself accompanied by his army. Alternate Translation: "fight with the army of Egypt"
2Ch 35:22
that had come from the mouth of God
Here God is represented by his "mouth" to emphasize his speech. Alternate Translation: "that had come from God" or "that God had said to him"
2Ch 35:22
so he went
The word "he" refers to Josiah who represents himself accompanied by his army. Alternate Translation: "so he and his army went"
2Ch 36:21
the word of Yahweh by the mouth of Jeremiah
Here the noun "word" can be translated with the verb "spoke." The word "mouth" represents Jeremiah. Alternate Translation: "what Yahweh spoke through Jeremiah" or "the word from Yahweh that Jeremiah spoke"
2Ch 36:22
so that the word of Yahweh by the mouth of Jeremiah might be carried out
Here the noun "word" can be translated with the verb "spoke." The word "mouth" represents Jeremiah. This can be stated in active form. Alternate Translation: "so that what Yahweh spoke through Jeremiah might happen" or "so that the word from Yahweh that Jeremiah spoke might happen"
2Ch 36:22
Yahweh motivated the spirit of Cyrus, king of Persia
Motivating the spirit is a synecdoche for making someone want to act. Alternate Translation: "Yahweh made Cyrus, king of Persia, want to act"
Ezr 1:1
Yahweh ... stirred Cyrus's spirit
Here Cyrus is represented by his spirit. This speaks of Yahweh causing Cyrus to want to act as if he "stirred" his spirit. Alternate Translation: "Yahweh ... made Cyrus want to act"
Ezr 3:12
before their eyes
The people are represented by their "eyes" to emphasize what they saw. Alternate Translation: "in their sight" or "and they saw it"
Ezr 5:5
God's eye was on
The eye represents the person watching over another person. Alternate Translation: "God was watching over"
Neh 2:2
Why is your face so sad
Here Nehemiah is referred to by his face because the face shows one's emotions. Alternate Translation: "Why are you so sad"
Neh 2:2
This must be sadness of heart
This speaks of Nehemiah being sad as if his heart were sad, since the heart is often considered the center of emotions. Alternate Translation: "You must be very sad"
Neh 2:5
that I may rebuild it
Nehemiah does not plan to do all of the building himself, but he will be the leader of the work. Alternate Translation: "that I and my people may rebuild it"
Neh 2:15
So I went up ... and I turned back
The other men with Nehemiah also followed him. Alternate Translation: "So we went up ... and we turned back"
Neh 4:4
Turn back their taunts on their own heads
The phrase "their taunts" refers to Sanballat's and Tobiah's insults. Here the word "heads" refers to the whole people. Alternate Translation: "Turn their taunts onto themselves" or "Cause their insulting words to mock themselves"
Neh 4:13
I positioned each family
This refers to several people from each family, this likely does not include the women and children. Alternate Translation: "I positioned people from each family"
Neh 6:1
I had rebuilt the wall ... I had not yet
Nehemiah supervised the rebuilding of the wall and did not build it by himself. Alternate Translation: "we had rebuilt the wall ... we had not yet"
Neh 6:3
I am doing a great work
Nehemiah supervised the rebuilding of the wall. He did not build it by himself. Alternate Translation: "We are doing a great work"
Neh 6:9
strengthen my hands
Here Nehemiah requests for God to strengthen him by asking him to strengthen his "hands." Alternate Translation: "strengthen me" or "give me courage"
Neh 7:1
I had set up the doors in place
This was done with help. Alternate Translation: "I and others hung the doors"
Neh 9:8
You found his heart was faithful before you
The heart, the inner being of the person, represents the person. Alternate Translation: "You saw that he was completely faithful to you"
Neh 9:20
from their mouths
The mouth is a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate Translation: "from them"
Neh 10:37
the tithes from our soil
Here "our soil" refers to everything that is grown in the ground. Alternate Translation: "the tithes of what we grow in the ground"
Est 1:3
The army
This likely refers to the leaders of the army. Alternate Translation: "The officers of the army"
Est 1:10
the king's heart was feeling happy because of the wine
Here "heart" refers to the king, and "feeling happy" is an idiom that means he was drunk. Alternate Translation: "the king was drunk with wine"
Est 3:9
I will weigh out ... into the hands of those
Here "hands" stands for the men. To "weigh out" is an idiom that means to pay them. Alternate Translation: "I will pay ... to the men"
Est 8:7
the house of Haman
This represents all that Haman had owned. Alternate Translation: "all that had belonged to Haman" or "all of Haman's property"
Job 2:5
his bones and his flesh
This expression represents Job's body.
Job 3:7
joyful voice come
Here the voice stands for a person who is happy. Alternate Translation: "may no one be happy in it ever again"
Job 4:21
their tent cords
Here tent cords represent a tent. Sometimes a person's home and family are pictured as his tent, which can also represent all his possessions.
Job 5:18
his hands heal
Here "his hands" represents God.
Job 5:20
the hands of the sword
Here "hands" probably represents the people who attack with weapons, including swords. Alternate Translation: "violent people" or "people who attack you"
Job 6:28
I would not lie to your face
The word "your" refers to Job's friends. Here his friends are represented by their faces to emphasize that they are looking at him. Alternate Translation: "I would not lie to you while I am looking at you"
Job 7:5
My flesh
This represents his whole body. Alternate Translation: "My body"
Job 7:7
my eye will no more see good
Here "my eye" represents Job's whole person and his ability to see or experience things. Alternate Translation: "I will never again experience good things"
Job 7:8
The eye of God, who sees me ... God's eyes will be on me
Here God is represented by his "eye" to emphasize what he looks at. Alternate Translation: "God who watches me ... God will look for me"
Job 7:15
these bones of mine
Here Job uses the word "bones" to refer to his body. Alternate Translation: "This body of mine"
Job 10:3
the work of your hands
Here God is represented by his "hands." Alternate Translation: "what you have created"
Job 10:7
from your hand
Here "your hand" represents God's power. Alternate Translation: "from your power"
Job 10:8
Your hands
Here "hands" represent God and his creative action. Alternate Translation: "You"
Job 10:12
guarded my spirit
Here Job is represented by his "spirit." Alternate Translation: "guarded me" or "watched carefully over me" or "kept me safe"
Job 10:18
and that no eye had ever seen me
Job uses "eye" here to refer to the whole person. He wishes he could have died at birth, before anyone saw him. Alternate Translation: "before any person had ever seen me" or "before I was born"
Job 13:1
my eye has seen all this
Job referred to himself as his eye since it is with his eyes that he saw these things. Alternate Translation: "I have seen all this"
Job 13:1
my ear has heard and understood it
Job referred to himself as his ear since it is with his ears that he heard these things. Alternate Translation: "I have heard and understood it"
Job 13:6
listen to the pleading of my own lips
Here "lips" represent the person who is speaking. Alternate Translation: "listen to what I myself plead for"
Job 13:20
from your face
Face represents the person. Alternate Translation: "from you"
Job 13:27
you examine the ground where the soles of my feet have walked
The soles of his feet represent the person who walks. Alternate Translation: "you examine the ground where I have walked"
Job 15:5
your mouth
This speaks of Job, but refers to his "mouth" to place emphasis on what he says. Alternate Translation: "you to speak" or "you to say what you say"
Job 15:6
Your own mouth condemns you, not mine
This refers to Job and Eliphaz by their "mouths" to place emphasis on what they say. Alternate Translation: "You are condemned by what you say, not by what I say" or "You condemn yourself by what you say, it is not I who condemns you"
Job 15:6
your own lips testify
This speaks of Job, but refers to his "lips" to place emphasis on what he says. Alternate Translation: "your own words" or "you testify"
Job 15:13
turn your spirit
Here the "spirit" refers to the whole person. Alternate Translation: "turn yourself"
Job 15:23
for bread
Here "bread" refers to food in general. Alternate Translation: "for food"
Job 15:35
their womb conceives
Here the "womb" is used to refer to the person to emphasize conception, as it is in the womb that conception takes place. Alternate Translation: "they conceive"
Job 16:8
against my face
Here Job is referred to by his "face." Alternate Translation: "against me"
Job 16:16
on my eyelids is the shadow of death
Here Job's eyes are represented by his "eyelids." Job speaks of his eyes' dark appearance as if his eyes looked like the eyes of a dead person. Alternate Translation: "there are dark circles around my eyes" or "my eyes are dark, like the eyes of a dead person"
Job 17:1
My spirit is consumed
Job refers to himself by his "spirit" to emphasize his inner emotions. He speaks of not having any strength left as if he were something that has been used up. Alternate Translation: "I am consumed" or "I have lost all of my strength"
Job 17:2
my eye must always see
Job refers to himself by his "eyes" to emphasize what he sees. Alternate Translation: "I must always see" or "I must always hear"
Job 17:4
have kept their hearts
The word "their" refers to his friends. They are referred to by their "hearts" to emphasize their emotions. Alternate Translation: "have kept them" or "have kept my friends"
Job 17:5
the eyes of his children will fail
The person's children are referred to here by their "eyes." This phrase describes the children suffering because of what their father or mother did. Alternate Translation: "his children will suffer for it"
Job 18:9
will take him by the heel
Here the "heel" refers to the whole foot. Alternate Translation: "will take hold of his foot"
Job 19:27
my own eyes—I, and not someone else
The synecdoche "my own eyes" represents Job. The phrases "my eyes" and "and not someone else" emphasize that Job himself will actually see God. It is not that someone else will see God and tell Job about him.
Job 20:9
The eye that saw him
The eye represents a person. Alternate Translation: "Anyone who saw him" or "The people who saw him"
Job 20:11
His bones are full of youthful strength
The word "bones" represents his body. Being "full of youthful strength" represents being strong like a young person. Alternate Translation: "His body is strong like a young person's body"
Job 21:20
Let his eyes see
Here "eyes" refers to the person. Alternate Translation: "Let him see"
Job 21:33
The clods of the valley will be sweet to him
Job imagines that the dead person will even enjoy the dirt that is put on him. This means the wicked person will even have a good death and a nice burial after a fulfilling life. "Clods" refer to the earth that covers the grave. Alternate Translation: "He will enjoy being covered with the dirt of the valley" or "He will enjoy being buried in the dirt of the valley"
Job 22:7
withheld bread
Here "bread" refers to food in general. Alternate Translation: "withheld food"
Job 23:11
My foot has held fast to his steps
Here "My foot" refers to Job. Alternate Translation: "I have followed the path he has shown me"
Job 23:12
the words of his mouth
Here God is represented by his "mouth." Alternate Translation: "what he said"
Job 23:17
the gloom of my face
Here Job refers to himself by his "face." Alternate Translation: "my sadness"
Job 24:9
orphans from their mothers' breast
Here "breast" refers to the mother. This implies that these orphans are still very young. This can be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "young orphans out of their mothers' arms" or "fatherless infants from their mothers"
Job 24:11
within the walls of those wicked men
Here "walls" refers to the whole house. Alternate Translation: "in the houses of those evil men"
Job 24:15
the eye of the adulterer
Here "eye" refers to the whole person. Alternate Translation: "the adulterer"
Job 24:15
No eye will see me
Here "eye" refers to the whole person. Alternate Translation: "No one will see me"
Job 24:20
The womb
This refers to the mother. Alternate Translation: "The mother"
Job 24:23
but his eyes are on their ways
Here "eyes" refers to God. Alternate Translation: "but he is always watching what they do"
Job 28:5
the earth, out of which comes bread
Here "bread" represents food in general. Food coming out of the ground is a metaphor for food growing out of the ground. Alternate Translation: "the earth, where food grows"
Job 28:10
his eye sees
Here "his eye" represents him. Alternate Translation: "he sees"
Job 28:21
Wisdom is hidden from the eyes of all living things
This means that living things are unable to see wisdom. It can be expressed in active form. Alternate Translation: "No living thing can see wisdom"
Job 29:11
after their ears heard me ... after their eyes saw me
The ears represent those who heard him, and the eyes represent those who saw him. Alternate Translation: "after they heard what I told them ... after they saw me"
Job 29:13
I caused the widow's heart to sing for joy
Here "the widow's heart" represents any widow. Alternate Translation: "I caused widows to sing joyfully"
Job 30:30
my bones are burned with heat
Here "bones" refers to the whole body, which suffers from fever.
Job 31:9
If my heart has been deceived by a woman
Here "my heart" represents Job. Here the word "deceived" expresses the idea of "enticed." The word "woman" expresses the idea of "another man's wife." This can be stated in active form. Alternate Translation: "If another man's wife has enticed me" or "If I have desired another man's wife"
Job 31:20
if his heart has not blessed me
The phrase "his heart" represents the poor man who needs clothing. Alternate Translation: "if he has not blessed me"
Job 31:27
if my heart has been secretly attracted
Here "my heart" represents Job. This phrase can be stated in active form. Alternate Translation: "if I have been secretly attracted to them" or "if I have secretly desired to worship them"
Job 31:30
Indeed, I have not even allowed my mouth to sin
Here "my mouth" represents Job speaking. Alternate Translation: "Truly I did not let myself sin" or "Truly, I did not sin"
Job 32:19
my breast is
This represents Elihu, specifically his spirit. Alternate Translation: "my spirit is" or "I am"
Job 32:20
open my lips
Here the "lips" represent the mouth. Alternate Translation: "open my mouth"
Job 33:3
My words come from the uprightness of my heart
Here Elihu refers to himself by his "heart" as he speaks of being upright. Alternate Translation: "I will speak with uprightness" or "I will speak with complete honesty"
Job 33:3
my lips speak pure knowledge
Here Elihu refers to himself by his "lips" to emphasize his speech. Alternate Translation: "I will speak sincerely to you the things I know"
Job 33:22
his soul draws close to the pit
Here a person is represented by his "soul." Alternate Translation: "he is close to going into the grave"
Job 33:22
his life to those who wish to destroy it
Here the person is represented by his "life." The phrase "those who wish to destroy it" refers to the place where people go after they die. Alternate Translation: "and he is close to going to the place where dead people go" or "and he will soon go to the place of the dead"
Job 33:26
God's face
Here God is represented by his "face." Alternate Translation: "God"
Job 33:28
rescued my soul from going down into the pit
Here the person is referred to by his "soul." Alternate Translation: "rescued me from dying and going to the pit"
Job 33:30
his soul
The person is represented by his "soul." Alternate Translation: "him"
Job 34:15
all flesh
Here all living things are represented by their "flesh." Alternate Translation: "all living things"
Job 34:20
not by human hands
Here people are represented by their "hands." Alternate Translation: "not by humans" or "not by people"
Job 34:29
his face
Here God is represented by his "face." Alternate Translation: "himself"
Job 35:7
receive from your hand
Here the word "hand" represents Job. Alternate Translation: "receive from you"
Job 36:11
they will spend their days in prosperity, their years in contentment
The words "days" and "years" both refer to the person's lifetime. Alternate Translation: "they will spend their lives in prosperity and contentment"
Job 37:7
He stops the hand of every man
Here the word "hand" represents the entire person. Alternate Translation: "He stops every man"
Job 39:29
his eyes see them
Here "his eyes" refer to the eagle. Alternate Translation: "he sees them"
Job 40:13
their faces
The "face" represents the whole person. Alternate Translation: "them"
Psa 4:7
You have given my heart more gladness
The heart represents the person. Alternate Translation: "You have given me more gladness"
Psa 6:2
my bones are shaking
The bones represent the whole body. His body may have been shaking because he was sick or extremely tired. Alternate Translation: "my whole body is shaking"
Psa 7:7
The countries are assembled
Here the word "countries" represents all of the armies that have gathered to attack.
Psa 8:3
your heavens, which your fingers have made
God's fingers represent him. Alternate Translation: "the heavens which you have made"
Psa 10:8
his eyes look for some helpless victim
The eyes represent him. Alternate Translation: "he looks for some helpless victim"
Psa 11:4
his eyes watch, his eyes examine the children of mankind
Here Yahweh is represented by his "eyes." Yahweh is aware of everything that happens. Alternate Translation: "He examines all that humanity does"
Psa 12:3
every tongue declaring great things
Here "every tongue" represents every person who declares great things. Alternate Translation: "every person who boasts"
Psa 12:4
When our lips speak
Here the "lips" represents the people who speak. Alternate Translation: "When we speak"
Psa 13:1
How long ... face from me?
The words "your face" represent God's whole being. This rhetorical question is asked to add emphasis. It can be translated as a statement. Alternate Translation: "It seems like you are hiding from me!"
Psa 13:5
my heart rejoices in your salvation
Here "my heart" represents the whole person. Alternate Translation: "I will rejoice because you have rescued me"
Psa 17:2
let your eyes see what is right!
Here "your eyes" is synecdoche for God himself, and "see" is a metaphor for paying attention and firmly deciding to do something. Alternate Translation: "please see what is right" or "do what is right"
Psa 17:10
their mouths speak with pride
Here "their mouths speak" represents his enemies when they speak. Alternate Translation: "they speak with pride" or "they are always boasting"
Psa 17:15
I will see your face in righteousness
Here "face" represents Yahweh in all of his being. David is confident he will see Yahweh. Alternate Translation: "because I act in the right way, I will be with you one day"
Psa 18:24
before his eyes
This refers to God's presence. Alternate Translation: "before him" or "according to him"
Psa 18:33
makes my feet swift
This refers to enabling a person to run fast. Alternate Translation: "makes me run very fast"
Psa 18:34
He trains my hands
Here "my hands" refers to the person. Alternate Translation: "He trains me"
Psa 18:34
my arms
This refers to the person. Alternate Translation: "me"
Psa 18:36
my feet have not slipped
Here "my feet" refers to the person. The writer refers to the safety of God's protection as if he were standing on a place where he will not slip or fall. Alternate Translation: "I have not slipped" or "I am doing well"
Psa 19:7
the soul ... the heart ... the eyes
All three of these words refer to the whole person. Alternate Translation: "a person"
Psa 19:8
the soul ... the heart ... the eyes
All three of these words refer to the whole person. Alternate Translation: "a person"
Psa 20:4
your heart's desire
Here "heart" stands for the entire person. The abstract noun "desire" can be stated as a verb. Alternate Translation: "what you desire" or "what you want"
Psa 21:2
his heart's desire
his heart's wish. Here "heart" stands for the whole person. Alternate Translation: "his desire" or "what he wished for"
Psa 21:2
the request of his lips
Here "lips" stands for the whole person. Alternate Translation: "his request" or "what he requested of you"
Psa 22:20
Rescue my soul
Here "soul" stands for the whole person. Alternate Translation: "Rescue me"
Psa 22:26
May your hearts live forever
Here "hearts" represent the whole person. Alternate Translation: "May you live forever"
Psa 24:6
the face of the God of Jacob
Here "face" stands for the whole person. Alternate Translation: "the God of Jacob"
Psa 24:7
Lift up your heads
It is uncertain what specific part of the gate is the "head." But, it stands for the gate as a whole.
Psa 24:9
Lift up your heads
It is uncertain what specific part of the gate is the "head." But, it stands for the gate as a whole.
Psa 26:10
in whose hands
Hands refers to the whole person. Alternate Translation: "people in which"
Psa 26:12
My foot stands
Here "foot" represents the whole person. Alternate Translation: "I stand"
Psa 27:3
my heart will not fear
Here "heart" represents the whole person. Alternate Translation: "I will not be afraid"
Psa 27:14
let your heart be courageous
Here "heart" represents the whole person. Alternate Translation: "be courageous"
Psa 28:7
my heart trusts
Here "heart" represents the whole person. Alternate Translation: "I trust"
Psa 28:7
my heart greatly rejoices
Here "heart" represents the whole person. Alternate Translation: "I greatly rejoice"
Psa 30:3
brought up my soul
Here "my soul" refers to the writer. Alternate Translation: "brought me up"
Psa 30:12
my glory will sing praise to you
Here "my glory" refers to the writer's soul or heart or inner being. This represents the entire person of the writer, who worships God because God has made him glad. Alternate Translation: "I will sing praise to you"
Psa 31:5
I entrust my spirit
Here "my spirit" refers to the writer. Alternate Translation: "I place myself"
Psa 31:7
the distress of my soul
Here "my soul" refers to the writer. Alternate Translation: "my distress"
Psa 31:8
You have set my feet
Here "my feet" refers to the writer. Alternate Translation: "You have set me"
Psa 31:9
my soul and my body
The terms "soul" and "body" are used to describe the complete person.
Psa 31:22
your eyes
Here Yahweh is represented by his "eyes." Alternate Translation: "you"
Psa 32:2
in whose spirit there is no deceit
Here "spirit" refers to the person. Alternate Translation: "in whom there is not deceit" or "who is completely honest"
Psa 32:3
my bones were wasting away
Here "my bones" refers to the writer. Alternate Translation: "I was wasting away" or "I was getting weaker"
Psa 32:4
your hand was heavy upon me
Here "hand" refers to Yahweh. The entire phrase is an idiom that means "you afflicted me." Alternate Translation: "you made me suffer greatly"
Psa 32:11
who are upright in heart
Here "heart" refers to the person. Alternate Translation: "people who are upright"
Psa 33:11
the plans of his heart
Here "his heart" refers to Yahweh. Alternate Translation: "his plans"
Psa 33:17
A horse is a false hope for victory
Here "a horse" represents the strongest part of the army. Alternate Translation: "Having an army with strong horses does not provide security"
Psa 33:19
to deliver their lives from death
Here "their lives" refers to the people. Alternate Translation: "to keep them from dying"
Psa 33:21
Our hearts rejoice
Here "hearts" refer to the people. Alternate Translation: "We rejoice"
Psa 34:5
their faces are not ashamed
Here "their faces" refers to the people who look to Yahweh. It can also be stated in positive form. Alternate Translation: "they are not ashamed" or "they are proud"
Psa 34:13
Then keep your tongue from evil
Here "tongue" refers to the whole person. Alternate Translation: "Therefore, do not speak evil"
Psa 34:13
keep your lips from speaking lies
Here "lips" refers to the person speaking. Alternate Translation: "do not speak lies"
Psa 34:15
his ears are directed toward their cry
Here Yahweh is represented by his "ears." To be directed toward something means to pay attention to it. Alternate Translation: "he pays attention to their cry" or "he answers their cry"
Psa 34:20
He keeps all his bones, not one of them will be broken
Here "all his bones" is literal, but it also implies that Yahweh takes care of the entire person. Alternate Translation: "He provides complete protection for him, he will not be harmed in any way"
Psa 35:3
say to my soul
This refers to the writer. Alternate Translation: "say to me"
Psa 35:7
my life
This refers to the writer. Alternate Translation: "me"
Psa 35:17
Rescue my soul
Here "soul" refers to the writer. Alternate Translation: "Rescue me"
Psa 35:17
my life
This refers to the writer. Alternate Translation: "me"
Psa 35:21
our eyes have seen it
Here "our eyes" refers to the enemies' eyes. It is implied that they are saying they saw the writer do something wrong. Alternate Translation: "we have seen it" or "we saw the wrong things that you did"
Psa 36:1
in his eyes
Here "eyes" refers to the wicked person. Alternate Translation: "in him"
Psa 36:10
the upright of heart
Here "heart" refers to the people. Alternate Translation: "the upright" or "people who act righteously"
Psa 36:11
the foot of the arrogant man ... the hand of the wicked
Here "foot" and "hand" refer to the evil people. These are not specific men. This refers to evil people in general. Alternate Translation: "arrogant people ... wicked people"
Psa 37:14
have drawn out their swords ... have bent their bows
Both "swords" and "bows" are weapons used to attack people. The fact that they are "drawn" and "bent" means they are ready to start attacking. Alternate Translation: "have prepared their weapons in order to attack"
Psa 37:15
Their swords will pierce their own hearts
Swords are examples of weapons and "hearts" represent the people. To "pierce the heart" is an idiom that means "to kill." Alternate Translation: "Their weapons will be turned against them and they will kill themselves"
Psa 37:25
begging for bread
Here "bread" represents food in general. Alternate Translation: begging for food"
Psa 37:30
The mouth of the righteous person
Here "mouth" represents the whole person who speaks. Alternate Translation: "The righteous person"
Psa 38:3
there is no health in my bones because of my sin
Here "my bones" represents the body of the writer. Alternate Translation: "my whole body is diseased because of my sin"
Psa 38:7
there is no health in my flesh
Here "my flesh" refers to the writer. Alternate Translation: "I am completely sick"
Psa 38:8
anguish of my heart
Here "my heart" refers to the writer. Alternate Translation: "my anguish"
Psa 38:9
my heart's deepest yearnings
Here "my heart" refers to the writer. It may be helpful to state that the writer desires good health. Alternate Translation: "My strongest desires" or "that I desire you to heal me"
Psa 38:16
If my foot slips
Here "my foot" represents the writer. The slipping of his foot is a metaphor that refers to the writer's troubles and misfortunes. Alternate Translation: "If I make mistakes that cause me trouble"
Psa 39:3
My heart became hot ... it burned like a fire
Here "heart" represents the whole person. The anxious thoughts of the writer are spoken of as if they were a fire burning inside him. Alternate Translation: "I became very anxious when I thought about these things"
Psa 40:2
he set my feet on a rock
Here "my feet" refers to the writer, and "a rock" refers a place of safety. Alternate Translation: "he provided safety for me"
Psa 40:3
in my mouth
Here "my mouth" refers to the writer. Alternate Translation: "in me"
Psa 41:6
his heart gathers up my disaster for itself
His enemies try to learn all of the bad things about him. Here the word "heart" refers the whole person. Bad circumstances are spoken of as if they were objects that can be gathered. Alternate Translation: "he tries to learn about all of my disasters"
Psa 44:16
because of the voice of him who rebukes and insults
Here the words "the voice" represents the person insulting him. Alternate Translation: "because of what the person says who rebukes and insults me"
Psa 49:3
My mouth will speak wisdom
Here the word "mouth" refers to the whole person who speaks. Alternate Translation: "I will speak wise words"
Psa 49:15
God will redeem my life
Here the word "life" refers to the whole person. Alternate Translation: "God will redeem me"
Psa 49:18
He blessed his soul
Here the word "soul" refers to the whole person. This phrase means that he considered himself to be happy and successful because of his riches. Alternate Translation: "He congratulated himself"
Psa 50:19
your tongue expresses deceit
The word "tongue" represents the person who is speaking. Alternate Translation: "you are always telling lies"
Psa 51:15
Lord, open my lips, and my mouth will express your praise
Here the person is represented by his "mouth." Being able to talk is spoken of as the lips being open. Here not being able to speak is a symbol of being guilty of sin and not being able to make a defense. Alternate Translation: "Lord, make me able to speak, and I will praise you"
Psa 52:2
Your tongue
Here "your tongue" refers to the person David is speaking to. Alternate Translation: "You"
Psa 52:4
you deceitful tongue
This refers to the person the author is speaking to. Alternate Translation: "you speaker of deceit" or "you liar"
Psa 54:2
the words of my mouth
Here the speaker is represented by his mouth. Alternate Translation: "my words" or "what I am saying to you"
Psa 54:6
I will give thanks to your name, Yahweh, for it is good
Yahweh's name represents him. Alternate Translation: "I will give thanks to you, Yahweh, for you are good"
Psa 54:7
my eye has looked
The eye represents the person. Alternate Translation: "I have looked"
Psa 55:17
he will hear my voice
Here "voice" represents either 1) the psalmist or 2) the psalmist's complaints and moans. Alternate Translation: "he will hear me" or "he will hear my moaning"
Psa 56:13
you have kept my feet from falling
The feet here represent the person. Falling here probably represents being killed by his enemies. Alternate Translation: "you have kept me from falling" or "you have kept me from being killed by my enemies"
Psa 60:1
Joab
This refers to Joab and the army that he led. Alternate Translation: "Joab and his army"
Psa 63:3
my lips will praise you
Here "my lips" represents the whole person. Alternate Translation: "I will praise you"
Psa 63:5
with joyful lips my mouth will praise you
Here "with joyful lips my mouth" represents the whole person who will praise God joyfully. Alternate Translation: "I will praise you joyfully"
Psa 63:11
but the mouth of those who speak lies will be stopped up
Here "the mouth" represents the whole person. This can be stated in active form. Alternate Translation: "but God will silence the liars" or "but God will silence those who lie"
Psa 66:7
his eyes observe
The phrase "his eyes" refers to God himself. Alternate Translation: "he sees"
Psa 66:14
which my lips promised and my mouth spoke
Here "lips" and "mouth" refer to the words of promise that were spoken. Alternate Translation: "which I promised"
Psa 66:16
I will declare what he has done for my soul
The word "soul" represents the whole person. Alternate Translation: "I will tell you what he has done for me"
Psa 66:17
I cried to him with my mouth
The word "mouth" represents the whole person who cries out to God.
Psa 68:12
Kings of armies flee, they flee
The kings represent themselves and their entire armies. It is understood that they flee because they are defeated by Israel's army. Alternate Translation: "Kings and their armies flee from us because they are defeated"
Psa 68:14
scattered kings
Here "kings" refers to their armies as well. Alternate Translation: "scattered the enemy kings and their armies"
Psa 68:32
you kingdoms of the earth
Here "kingdoms" refers to the citizens of the kingdoms. Alternate Translation: "you people who are citizens of kingdoms all over the world"
Psa 69:32
let your hearts live
Here "hearts" refer to the people. Here "live" is an idiom that means to be encouraged. Alternate Translation: "may you be encouraged"
Psa 71:8
My mouth will be filled with your praise ... with your honor
The psalmist speaks of his desire to praise and honor Yahweh with the words he speaks as if his mouth were full of words the way it can be full of food. Alternate Translation: "My mouth will be filled with words that praise you ... that honor you" or "I will always praise you ... will always honor you"
Psa 71:13
those who are hostile to my life
The words "my life" represent the person. The idiom "hostile to my life" means that these are people who try to harm him by accusing him of wrongdoing. Alternate Translation: "those who accuse me of doing wrong"
Psa 71:15
My mouth will tell
The mouth is synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate Translation: "I will tell" or "I will speak with my mouth and tell"
Psa 71:23
My lips will shout for joy
Lips represent the whole person. Alternate Translation: "I will shout for joy"
Psa 71:23
my soul
Here "soul" refers to the whole person.
Psa 71:24
My tongue will also talk
Here "tongue" refers to the whole person. Alternate Translation: "I will also talk"
Psa 72:14
redeems their lives
Here "lives" refers to the whole person. Alternate Translation: "redeems them" or "saves them" or "rescues them"
Psa 73:9
their tongues march through the earth
The word "tongues" represents the people themselves. Possible meanings are 1) "they go through the earth saying bad things about God" or "they go everywhere and boast about themselves."
Psa 73:21
my heart was grieved
The word "heart" represents the person emphasizing their thoughts and feelings. Alternate Translation: "I was very sad"
Psa 73:23
you hold my right hand
The person's "right hand" refers to the whole person. This shows an intimate relationship with God that offers stability and security. Alternate Translation: "You hold me close"
Psa 77:2
My soul refused to be comforted
The "soul" represents the person. This can be stated in active form. Alternate Translation: "I would not allow anyone to try to comfort me"
Psa 77:20
hand
Here "hand" is synechdoche for the whole person.
Psa 78:1
the words of my mouth
The word "mouth" represents the person. Alternate Translation: "my words"
Psa 78:25
the bread of angels
This refers to the manna that God provided for the people. The word "bread" represents food in general. Alternate Translation: "the same kind of food that angels eat"
Psa 80:17
the man of your right hand
the nation of Israel, which Yahweh has chosen as his people.
Psa 81:1
the God of Jacob
Here "Jacob" represents all of his descendants. Alternate Translation: "the God of Israel, the nation of Jacob's descendants"
Psa 81:4
the God of Jacob
Here "Jacob" represents all of his descendants. Alternate Translation: "the God of Israel, the nation of Jacob's descendants"
Psa 81:5
in Joseph
Here "Joseph" represents all of the Israelites. Alternate Translation: "to the Israelites"
Psa 81:6
removed the burden from his shoulder
Here "the burden from his shoulder" represents the forced labor the Israelites had to do as slaves in Egypt.
Psa 81:6
his hands were freed from holding the basket
Here "holding the basket" represents the forced labor the Israelites had to do as slaves in Egypt.
Psa 83:16
Fill their faces with shame
Here "faces" represents the whole person. Alternate Translation: "Make them very ashamed"
Psa 84:2
the courts of Yahweh
Here "courts" represent the temple.
Psa 84:2
My heart and all of my being call out
Here "heart" represents the whole person. Alternate Translation: "I call out with all of my being"
Psa 85:1
of Jacob
Here "Jacob" represents Jacob's descendents, the Israelites.
Psa 87:2
gates of Zion
Here "gates of Zion" represents the entire city of Jerusalem. Alternate Translation: "city of Jerusalem"
Psa 89:34
the words of my lips
Here "lips" represent the whole mouth and the person speaking. Alternate Translation: "what I said"
Psa 89:43
the edge of his sword
Here "edge" represents the whole sword. Alternate Translation: "his sword"
Psa 90:17
prosper the work of our hands
Here "hands" represents the whole person. Alternate Translation: "cause us to be successful"
Psa 92:11
My eyes have seen the downfall of my enemies; my ears have heard of the doom of my evil foes
The words "eyes" and "ears" are synecdoches for the person who sees and hears. The lines may be combined. Alternate Translation: "I have seen and heard of the defeat of my evil enemies"
Psa 95:5
his hands formed
The word "hands" is a metonym for Yahweh himself. Alternate Translation: "he himself formed"
Psa 97:11
those with honest hearts
The heart is a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate Translation: "honest people"
Psa 101:7
before my eyes
Here "my eyes" refers to David himself. Alternate Translation: "before me" or "in my presence"
Psa 102:3
my bones burn like fire
Here the author refers to his "body" as his "bones." Alternate Translation: "my body feels like it is burning"
Psa 102:4
My heart is crushed
Here the author refers to himself as his "heart." This can be stated in active form. Alternate Translation: "I am in despair"
Psa 102:15
will honor your glory
The people will honor Yahweh because of his glory. Here Yahweh is referred to by his glory. Alternate Translation: "will honor you because you are glorious"
Psa 103:1
all that is within me
all of me or "all that I am." David uses this phrase to refer to himself and to emphasize his devotion to Yahweh.
Psa 105:3
let the heart of those who seek Yahweh rejoice
Here "the heart" represents the person who seeks Yahweh. Alternate Translation: "let the people who seek Yahweh rejoice"
Psa 105:16
the whole supply of bread
Here "bread" refers to food in general. Alternate Translation: "the whole supply of food"
Psa 107:12
He humbled their hearts through hardship
Here the heart represents a person, but specifically his will. Alternate Translation: "He humbled them by allowing them to suffer hardship"
Psa 108:1
My heart is fixed, God
Here David is referring to himself by his heart. Also, the word "fixed" means to trust completely. Alternate Translation: "My heart is fixed on you, God" or "I am trusting completely in you, God"
Psa 108:1
I will sing praises also with my honored heart
Here David is represented by his "heart." David refers to himself as having the honor of praising God. Alternate Translation: "You honor me by allowing me to sing praises to you"
Psa 110:7
of the brook
This means the he will drink water from the brook. A brook is a small stream. Alternate Translation: "he will drink water from the brook"
Psa 111:7
The works of his hands
Here the word "hands" refers to Yahweh, himself. Alternate Translation: "The works that he does"
Psa 112:8
His heart is tranquil
His heart is supported. Here the word "heart" refers to the person. Possible meanings are 1) "He is at peace" or 2) "He is confident"
Psa 115:4
the work of men's hands
Here the word "hands" represents the people who made the idols. Alternate Translation: "things which men have made"
Psa 116:1
he hears my voice and my pleas for mercy
Here the word "voice" represents the person who is speaking. The abstract nouns "pleas" and "mercy" can be stated as "plead" and "merciful." Alternate Translation: "he hears me when I plead for him to be merciful to me"
Psa 116:4
rescue my life
Here the word "life" represents the person. Alternate Translation: "rescue me" or "keep me from dying"
Psa 116:8
my feet from stumbling
The verbal phrase may be supplied from the previous phrase to make the meaning clear. The feet here represent the person. Stumbling here probably represents being killed by his enemies. Alternate Translation: "you have rescued me from stumbling" or "you have kept me from being killed by my enemies"
Psa 119:59
turned my feet
Here "feet" represent the whole person. To repent and choose to obey God's laws is like turning one's feet on a path to head in another direction. Alternate Translation: "changed my direction"
Psa 119:82
My eyes long to see your promise
Here "eyes" represents the whole person. Alternate Translation: "I wait and wait for you to do what you promised to do"
Psa 119:101
kept my feet
Here "feet" represents the whole person. Alternate Translation: "kept myself"
Psa 119:108
of my mouth
Here "mouth" represents the whole person.
Psa 119:111
they are the joy of my heart
Here "heart" represents the whole person. Alternate Translation: "they make me joyful" or "I delight in them"
Psa 119:120
My body trembles in fear of you
Here "body" represents the whole person. Alternate Translation: "I shake because I fear you"
Psa 119:123
My eyes grow tired as I wait
Here "eyes" represents the whole person. Alternate Translation: "I grow tired because I wait and wait"
Psa 119:133
Direct my footsteps
Here the word "footsteps" represents the writer as he is walking. He speaks of the way he lives, or his conduct, as if he were walking on a path. Alternate Translation: "Direct me" or "Teach me how to live"
Psa 119:145
with my whole heart
The psalmist speaks of his whole being as if it were only his heart. Alternate Translation: "completely"
Psa 119:161
my heart stands in awe of your word
The psalmist speaks of the heart as if it could be amazed. The heart is a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate Translation: "I am amazed at your word"
Psa 119:173
May your hand help me
The hand is a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate Translation: "Please help me"
Psa 120:2
those who lie with their lips and deceive with their tongues
Here the phrases "their lips" and "their tongues" represent the people who speak lies and deceit. Alternate Translation: "those who lie to me and try to deceive me"
Psa 120:3
you who have a lying tongue
Here "a lying tongue" represents the person who speaks lies. Alternate Translation: "you who tell lies"
Psa 122:2
our feet are standing
Here "feet" refers to the whole person. Alternate Translation: "we are standing"
Psa 122:2
within your gates
Here "gates" refers to the city. Alternate Translation: "inside you, Jerusalem"
Psa 122:7
within the walls that defend you ... within your fortresses
Here Jerusalem is referred to by the fortress walls that protects it. The terms "walls" and "fortress" refer to the same thing. Alternate Translation: "within Jerusalem"
Psa 128:2
What your hands provide
A man can be referred to by his hands because that is the part of the body he works with. Alternate Translation: "What you provide" or "What you work for"
Psa 130:2
let your ears be attentive
The ears represent Yahweh, but because the author knows that Yahweh hears everything, he is really asking for Yahweh to respond. Alternate Translation: "please listen" or "please respond"
Psa 130:6
My soul
My soul represents the psalmist. Alternate Translation: "I"
Psa 131:1
my heart is not proud or my eyes haughty
The heart and the eyes represent the person. Alternate Translation: "I am not proud or haughty"
Psa 131:2
I have stilled and quieted my soul
The soul represents the person or his emotions. Being calm and peaceful is spoken of has having making one's soul still and quiet. Alternate Translation: "I am calm and peaceful"
Psa 132:12
your sons
Here "your sons" represents the descendants of David that would become king. Alternate Translation: "your descendants"
Psa 138:4
your mouth
This expression stands for God himself. Alternate Translation: "you"
Psa 139:13
You formed my inner parts
Inner parts refers to the interior organs of a person, but here the expression probably stands for the entire body. Alternate Translation: "You made my entire body
Psa 140:7
you shield my head in the day of battle
A person's head is in great danger during battle. Protecting the person's head represents protecting the whole person. Alternate Translation: "you protect me when I go to war"
Psa 141:5
may my head not refuse to accept it
The head is a synecdoche for the person. The litotes can be translated as a positive statement. Alternate Translation: "may I accept it gladly"
Psa 141:8
my eyes are on you
The eyes are a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate Translation: "I am looking to see what you will do" or "I expect you to help me"
Psa 141:8
my soul
The soul is a metonym for the whole person. Alternate Translation: "me"
Psa 142:7
Bring my soul out of prison
This is a request. The "soul" represents the whole person. Alternate Translation: "bring me out of prison"
Psa 143:3
pursued my soul
Here the word "soul" represents the person. Alternate Translation: "pursued me"
Psa 143:6
my soul
The soul is a metonym for the person.
Psa 144:1
who trains my hands for war and my fingers for battle
The words "hands" and "fingers" are synecdoches for "me." If "war" and "battle" are the same word in your language, you can translate this as one line. Alternate Translation: "who trains me for war and trains me for battle" or "who trains me for war"
Psa 144:8
Their mouths speak lies
Here the word "mouths" represent the people who speak. Alternate Translation: "They speak lies"
Psa 144:11
Their mouths speak lies
The people are represented by their "mouths." See how you translated these words in [Psalms 144:7-8](./007.md). Alternate Translation: "They speak lies"
Psa 145:15
The eyes of all wait
Here the word "eyes" represents those who watch and wait for Yahweh to act. Alternate Translation: "Everyone watches and waits"
Psa 145:21
My mouth will speak
Here the words "My mouth" represent the one speaking. Alternate Translation: "I will speak"
Psa 146:3
in princes
Here "princes" represents all human leaders.
Psa 147:13
For he strengthens the bars of your gates
The phrase "the bars of your gates" represent the city as a whole. Yahweh will make Jerusalem secure from enemy invasion. Alternate Translation: "For he protects Jerusalem"
Psa 149:6
May the praises of God be in their mouths
The mouth represents the whole person. Alternate Translation: "May they always be ready to praise God"
Pro 1:16
their feet run
Here "feet" represents the whole person. Alternate Translation: "they run"
Pro 2:6
from his mouth comes knowledge and understanding
Here "mouth" represents Yahweh himself or what he says. Alternate Translation: "from Yahweh comes knowledge and understanding" or "Yahweh tells us what we need to know and understand"
Pro 2:10
pleasant to your soul
Here "soul" represents the whole person. Alternate Translation: "pleasing to you" or "enjoyable to you"
Pro 3:22
They will be life to your soul
Here the word "soul" represents the person. Alternate Translation: "They will be life for you"
Pro 3:23
your foot will not stumble
The word "foot" represents the whole person. The writer speaks of doing wrong as if a person stumbled over an object in his path. Alternate Translation: "you will not do things that are wrong"
Pro 4:5
the words of my mouth
Here the word "mouth" represents the person who speaks. Alternate Translation: "what I am saying"
Pro 4:20
incline your ear to my sayings
Here the word "ear" represents the person who is listening. The writer speaks of listening attentively to someone as if it were leaning forward so that the ear is closer to the one speaking. The word "sayings" can be translated as a verb. Alternate Translation: "listen attentively to the things that I am saying"
Pro 4:25
Let your eyes look straight ahead and fix your gaze straight before you
Here the word "eyes" represents the person who is looking. The writer speaks of a person being committed to doing the right thing as if that person were constantly looking forward without turning his head to look in another direction. Alternate Translation: "Always look straight ahead and fix your gaze straight before you"
Pro 4:26
Make a level path for your foot
Here the word "foot" represents the person who is walking. The writer speaks of a person's actions as if he were walking along a path, and of planning those actions carefully as if it were making that path level. Alternate Translation: "Make a level path to walk on" or "Prepare well what you want to do"
Pro 4:27
turn your foot away from evil
Here the word "foot" represents the person who walks. The writer speaks of not committing evil actions as if the person were walking away from evil. Alternate Translation: "turn away from evil" or "stay away from evil"
Pro 5:1
incline your ears
Here the word "ears" represents the person who is listening. The writer speaks of listening attentively to someone as if it were leaning forward so that the ears are closer to the one speaking. See how you translated this in [Proverbs 4:20](../04/20.md). Alternate Translation: "listen attentively"
Pro 5:2
your lips may protect knowledge
Here the word "lips" represents the person who speaks. The writer speaks of a person being careful only to say what is true as if the person's lips were protecting knowledge. Alternate Translation: "you will speak only what is true"
Pro 5:5
Her feet go down to death
Here "her feet" represent the adulteress as she walks. The writer speaks of her conduct as if she were walking along a path. Alternate Translation: "She is walking along a path that leads to death" or "Her lifestyle leads to death"
Pro 5:7
the words of my mouth
Here the word "mouth" represents the person who is speaking. Alternate Translation: "my words" or "what I am saying"
Pro 5:8
do not come near the door of her house
Here "the door of her house" represents the house itself. It may be more appropriate to use the word "go" instead of "come" since the latter might imply that the speaker is at the door of her house. Alternate Translation: "do not go near the door of her house" or "do not even go near her house"
Pro 5:12
my heart despised correction
Here the word "heart" represents the person and his emotions. The word "correction" can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate Translation: "I despised people when they corrected me"
Pro 5:13
incline my ear to my instructors
Here the word "ear" represents the person who is listening. The writer speaks of listening attentively to someone as if it were leaning forward so that the ear is closer to the one speaking. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Proverbs 4:20](../04/20.md). Alternate Translation: "listen to those who instructed me"
Pro 5:19
Let her breasts satisfy you
Possible meanings are 1) the wife's breasts excite the husband's sexual desire and possibly represent the wife's entire body. Alternate Translation: "Let her breasts satisfy your desires" or "Let her body satisfy your desires" or 2) this is a metaphor in which the writer speaks of the wife's breasts satisfying the husband's desires as they would satisfy the thirst of a hungry baby. Alternate Translation: "Let her breasts fill you with delight as a mother's breasts fill her child with food"
Pro 5:20
why should you embrace the breasts of an immoral woman
Here the word "breasts" represents the immoral woman and her sexual attractiveness. Alternate Translation: "why should you embrace an immoral woman"
Pro 6:4
your eyes ... your eyelids
This is a figure of speech using parts of your face to mean your whole body. Alternate Translation: "yourself ... yourself"
Pro 6:17
eyes ... tongue ... hands ... heart ... feet
All of these body parts refer to a whole person. You can translate each of these with "people."
Pro 6:18
eyes ... tongue ... hands ... heart ... feet
All of these body parts refer to a whole person. You can translate each of these with "people."
Pro 6:25
her eyelashes
The "eyelashes" stand for the beautiful things about her body that she uses to catch a man's attention. Alternate Translation: "her beautiful eyes"
Pro 7:11
her feet did not stay at home
The phrase "her feet" represent the woman. Alternate Translation: "she did not stay at home"
Pro 7:15
seek your face
Here "face" represents the person and especially the person's presence. Alternate Translation: "look for you" or "find out where you are"
Pro 7:25
your heart
Here "heart" represents a person, emphasizing his desires. Alternate Translation: "you"
Pro 8:6
when my lips open
Here "lips" represents a person's mouth, with which he speaks. Alternate Translation: "when I open my mouth to speak"
Pro 8:7
my mouth speaks
Here "mouth" represents a person who speaks. Alternate Translation: "I speak"
Pro 8:7
wickedness is disgusting to my lips
Here "lips" represents a person who is speaking. Alternate Translation: "wickedness is disgusting to me" or "saying wicked things would be disgusting to me"
Pro 8:8
the words of my mouth
The "mouth" stands for the person who is speaking. Alternate Translation: "The things I teach"
Pro 10:3
Yahweh does not let the soul of the righteous person go hungry
Here "soul" refers to the person. This can be stated in positive form. Alternate Translation: "Yahweh makes sure those who do what is right have food to eat"
Pro 14:1
with her own hands
The woman is represented by her "hands." Alternate Translation: "by herself" or "by the way she behaves"
Pro 15:2
The tongue of wise people compliments knowledge
Here the word "tongue" refers to the person who speaks. Alternate Translation: "Wise people compliment knowledge when they speak"
Pro 15:3
The eyes of Yahweh are everywhere
Here the word "eyes" represents Yahweh and emphasizes his ability to see everything. Alternate Translation: "Yahweh sees everything"
Pro 15:7
not so the hearts of fools
Possible meanings are 1) the word "hearts" is synecdoche for the fools themselves and means that they do not scatter knowledge like wise people do. Alternate Translation: "fools do not scatter knowledge about" or 2) fools do not have knowledge in their hearts, with "hearts" being a metonym for the thoughts. Alternate Translation: "fools do not understand knowledge"
Pro 15:13
A joyful heart makes the face cheerful
Here the word "heart" represents the person. Alternate Translation: "When a person is joyful, his face is cheerful"
Pro 15:14
the mouth of fools feeds on folly
Here the word "mouth" represents the person. The writer speaks of fools desiring foolish things as if they ate foolish things. Alternate Translation: "foolish people desire folly as if it were the food that they eat"
Pro 15:15
a cheerful heart has an unending feast
Here the word "heart" represents the person. The writer speaks of a cheerful person enjoying life as if that person were celebrating a feast that does not end. Alternate Translation: "the cheerful person enjoys life, as if he were celebrating an unending feast"
Pro 15:25
house
This is a synecdoche for the person's household, property, and wealth.
Pro 15:30
brings joy to the heart
The word "heart" represents the person. Possible meanings are 1) the person who has a cheerful expression becomes joyful or 2) other people become joyful when they see someone with a cheerful expression. Alternate Translation: "causes a person to be joyful"
Pro 15:30
good news is health to the body
Here the word "body" represents the person. Alternate Translation: "receiving good news makes a person feel good"
Pro 16:1
the answer from his tongue
The person is represented by his "tongue" to emphasize his speech. Alternate Translation: "the answer that he speaks"
Pro 16:5
everyone who has an arrogant heart
Here the word "heart" represents the person. Alternate Translation: "everyone who is arrogant"
Pro 16:10
his mouth should not betray justice
The word "mouth" represents the king himself. Alternate Translation: "he should not speak deceitfully when he judges"
Pro 16:13
lips that say what is right
Here the word "lips" represents the person who speaks. Alternate Translation: "a person who speaks the truth"
Pro 16:24
healing to the bones
Here the word "bones" represent a person's body. Alternate Translation: "healing to the body"
Pro 17:4
wicked lips
The word "lips" can be translated as either 1) a synecdoche for the person or 2) a metonym for the words that come out from those lips. Alternate Translation: "a wicked person" or "wicked talk"
Pro 17:4
destructive tongue
The word "tongue" can be translated as either 1) a synecdoche for the person or 2) a metonym for the words that the tongue produces. Alternate Translation: "a destructive person" or "destructive talk"
Pro 17:7
much less are lying lips suitable for royalty
This describes people lying as if it were actually their "lips" that were lying. Alternate Translation: "even more it is not suitable for royalty to lie"
Pro 17:24
the eyes of a fool are
This refers to a fool by his eyes to emphasize what he is focusing on. Alternate Translation: "the fool is"
Pro 18:4
a man's mouth
Here the man is referred to by his mouth to emphasize what he says. Alternate Translation: "of a man"
Pro 18:6
A fool's lips bring
Here the fool is referred to by his "lips" to emphasize what he says. Alternate Translation: "what a fool says brings"
Pro 18:12
a person's heart
Here a person is referred to by his heart to emphasize his thoughts and feelings. Alternate Translation: "a person"
Pro 18:14
A person's spirit will survive sickness
Here a person is referred to by his spirit to emphasize his attitude. Alternate Translation: "A person who is hopeful will survive sickness" or "If a person is full of hope in his inner being, he will survive being sick"
Pro 18:15
The heart of the intelligent acquires
Here the intelligent person is referred to by his heart to emphasize his desires. Alternate Translation: "The intelligent desire to acquire"
Pro 19:3
his heart rages
Here a person is referred to by his "heart" to emphasize his emotions. Alternate Translation: "he rages"
Pro 19:28
the mouth of the wicked swallows
The phrase "the mouth of the wicked" represents wicked people. Alternate Translation: "wicked people swallow" or "the wicked swallow"
Pro 20:20
his lamp
This refers to a lamp with a burning flame. Here the lamp's flame is referred to as the lamp itself. Alternate Translation: "the flame of his lamp"
Pro 20:24
A person's steps
This refers to the various things a person does. Alternate Translation: "A person's actions"
Pro 21:4
Haughty eyes and a proud heart
The words "eyes" and "heart" are synecdoches for a person who considers himself better than other people and wants other people to know it. Alternate Translation: "People who want others to think that they are better than other people"
Pro 21:4
Haughty eyes
This is a synecdoche for a person who wants others to know that he thinks he is better than they are.
Pro 21:4
proud heart
This is a synecdoche for a person who thinks he is better than others.
Pro 21:25
his hands refuse
The hand is a synecdoche for the person. Alternate Translation: "he refuses"
Pro 22:11
loves a pure heart
It is his own heart that the person wants to be pure. The heart is a synecdoche for the person. Alternate Translation: "loves having a pure heart" or "wants to be pure"
Pro 22:12
The eyes of Yahweh keep watch over
The eyes are a synecdoche for the person. The writer speaks as if Yahweh had physical eyes like a person. Alternate Translation: "Yahweh keeps watch over" or "Yahweh guards knowledge"
Pro 22:17
Incline your ear and listen
Here the word "ear" represents the person who is listening. The writer speaks of listening attentively to someone as if it were leaning forward so that the ear is closer to the one speaking. See how you translated "incline your ear" in [Proverbs 4:20](../04/20.md). Alternate Translation: "Pay attention and listen" or "Listen attentively"
Pro 23:16
when your lips speak
Your lips means the whole person. Alternate Translation: "when you speak"
Pro 23:17
Do not let your heart envy sinners
The word "heart" is a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate Translation: "Do not allow yourself to envy sinners" or "Make sure you do not envy sinners"
Pro 23:20
gluttonous eaters of meat
Possible meanings are 1) "people who eat more meat than they need to" or 2) "meat" represents food in general. Alternate Translation: "people who eat more food than they need to"
Pro 23:26
let your eyes observe
The eyes are a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate Translation: "observe" or "look carefully at"
Pro 23:33
your heart will utter perverse things
The "heart" represents the person and emphasize what he thinks and decides to do. Alternate Translation: "you will think about and decide to do perverse things"
Pro 24:2
their hearts
The words "their hearts" refer to the whole person. Alternate Translation: "they"
Pro 24:2
their lips
The words "their lips" refer to the whole person. Alternate Translation: "they"
Pro 24:17
let not your heart be glad
This is a strong command. The word "heart" represents the person. Alternate Translation: "do not allow yourself to be glad" or "stop yourself from being glad"
Pro 25:12
listening ear
The ear is a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate Translation: "person who is willing to listen"
Pro 25:20
a heavy heart
The heart is a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate Translation: "a sad person"
Pro 25:23
result in angry faces
The face is a synecdoche for the person. Alternate Translation: "makes other people so angry you can see it in their faces"
Pro 26:9
a thorn that goes into the hand of a drunkard
Possible meanings are 1) if a drunk person holds a thornbush, a thorn will prick his hand, or 2) if a drunk person is angry, he will pick up a thornbush and swing it at people. For the second meaning, the word "thorn" represents a thornbush.
Pro 26:23
so are burning lips and an evil heart
This represents a person who has burning lips and an evil heart. Alternate Translation: "so is a person who has burning lips and an evil heart" or "so is a person who says nice things but whose heart is evil"
Pro 26:28
A lying tongue hates the people it crushes
The phrase "a lying tongue" represents a person who tells lies. Crushing people represents causing them trouble. Alternate Translation: "A liar hates those he hurts by his lies"
Pro 26:28
a flattering mouth brings about ruin
The phrase "a flattering mouth" represents a person who flatters people. Possible meanings are 1) a person who flatters others causes trouble or 2) a person who flatters others ruins them
Pro 28:9
turns away his ear from hearing the law
This represents the whole person turning away from and rejecting God's law. Alternate Translation: "turns away from hearing and obeying the law"
Pro 28:26
One who trusts in his own heart
Depending on one's self is spoken of as trusting in one's own heart. Alternate Translation: "The person who relies on himself"
Ecc 1:8
The eye is not satisfied by what it sees
Here the "eye" represents the whole person. Alternate Translation: "A person is not satisfied by what his eyes see"
Ecc 1:8
nor is the ear fulfilled by what it hears
Here the "ear" represents the whole person. Alternate Translation: "nor is a person content by what his ears hear"
Ecc 1:13
I applied my mind
Here the author refers to himself by his "mind" to emphasize his thoughts. Alternate Translation: "I determined" or "I applied myself"
Ecc 1:16
I have spoken to my heart
Here the author refers to himself by his "heart" to emphasize his feelings. Alternate Translation: "I have spoken to myself"
Ecc 1:17
I applied my heart
Here the author refers to himself by his "heart" to emphasize his feelings. Alternate Translation: "I determined" or "I applied myself"
Ecc 2:1
I said in my heart
Here the author refers to himself by his "heart" to emphasize his feelings. Alternate Translation: "I said to myself"
Ecc 2:10
Whatever my eyes desired ... from them
Here the author refers to himself by his "eyes" to emphasize what he sees. Alternate Translation: "Whatever I saw and desired ... from myself"
Ecc 2:10
I did not withhold my heart from any pleasure
Here the author refers to himself by his "heart" to emphasize his desires. This can be stated positively and the word "pleasure" can be expressed as a verb. Alternate Translation: "I did not keep myself from any pleasure" or "I allowed myself to enjoy everything that made me happy"
Ecc 2:10
my heart rejoiced
Here the author refers to himself by his "heart" to emphasize his desires. Alternate Translation: "I rejoiced"
Ecc 2:11
all the deeds that my hands had accomplished
Here the author refers to himself by his "hands." Alternate Translation: "all that I had accomplished"
Ecc 2:15
I said in my heart
Here the author refers to himself by his "heart" to emphasize his feelings. Alternate Translation: "I said to myself"
Ecc 2:15
I concluded in my heart
Here the author refers to himself by his "heart" to emphasize his feelings. Alternate Translation: "I concluded"
Ecc 2:20
my heart began to despair
Here the author refers to himself by his "heart" to emphasize his feelings. Alternate Translation: "I began to despair" or "I began to lose all hope"
Ecc 3:17
I said in my heart
Here the author refers to himself by his "heart" to emphasize his feelings. Alternate Translation: "I said to myself"
Ecc 3:18
I said in my heart
Here the author refers to himself by his "heart" to emphasize his feelings. Alternate Translation: "I said to myself"
Ecc 4:8
his eyes are not satisfied
Here the whole person is represented by his "eyes" to emphasize his desires. Alternate Translation: "he is not satisfied"
Ecc 5:2
do not let your heart
Here a person is represented by his "heart" to emphasize his emotions and desires. Alternate Translation: "do not"
Ecc 5:6
destroy the work of your hands
Here a person is represented by his "hands." Alternate Translation: "destroy everything you do"
Ecc 6:3
his heart is not satisfied with good
This refers to a man by his "heart" to emphasize his feelings. Alternate Translation: "he is not content with good things"
Ecc 7:4
The heart of the wise is in the house of mourning
Here wise people are referred to by their "hearts." This speaks of the wise person mourning as being in a house of mourning. Alternate Translation: "Wise people think deeply about death"
Ecc 7:4
but the heart of fools is in the house of feasting
Here foolish people are referred to by their "hearts." This speaks of foolish people thinking only about what makes them happy as being in a house of feasting. Alternate Translation: "but foolish people think only about enjoying themselves"
Ecc 8:5
A wise man's heart recognizes
Here a man is represented by his "heart" to emphasize his thoughts. Alternate Translation: "A wise man recognizes"
Ecc 8:9
I have applied my heart
Here the author refers to himself by his "heart" to emphasize his feelings. See how you translated this in [Ecclesiastes 1:17](../01/17.md). Alternate Translation: "I applied myself"
Ecc 8:11
entices the hearts of human beings
Here people are represented by their "hearts" to emphasize their will and desires. Alternate Translation: "entices human beings"
Ecc 8:16
I applied my heart
Here the author refers to himself by his "heart" to emphasize his feelings. See how you translated this in [Ecclesiastes 1:17](../01/17.md). Alternate Translation: "I applied myself"
Ecc 8:16
without sleep for the eyes
Here a person is represented by his "eyes." Alternate Translation: "without sleeping"
Ecc 9:7
your bread
This refers to food in general. Alternate Translation: "your food"
Ecc 9:10
Whatever your hand finds to do
Here a person is represented by his "hand" since a person often uses his hands to work. Alternate Translation: "Whatever you are able to do"
Ecc 9:14
a great king came against it
Here the "king" represents himself and his whole army. Alternate Translation: "a great king and his army"
Ecc 10:18
because of idle hands
Here a person is represented by his "hands" Alternate Translation: "because of an idle person" or "because the person is idle"
Ecc 10:18
the house leaks
Here the roof is represented by the whole house. Alternate Translation: "the roof leaks"
Ecc 11:5
how a baby's bones grow
Possible meanings are 1) Here "bones" is a synecdoche representing the baby as a whole. Alternate Translation: "how a baby grows" or 2) literally, "how the bones of a baby grow"
Ecc 11:6
work with your hands
Here "hands" represents the whole person. Alternate Translation: "keep on working"
Ecc 11:7
for the eyes to see the sun
The "eyes" represent the whole person. This phrase means basically the same thing as the previous phrase. Alternate Translation: "for a person to see the sun" or "to be alive"
Ecc 11:9
whatever is within the sight of your eyes
Here "eyes" represent the whole person. Alternate Translation: "whatever you see that you desire" or "whatever you see to be best"
Ecc 12:12
brings weariness to the body
Here "body" represents the whole person. Alternate Translation: "makes the person tired"
Sng 7:1
the work of the hands of a master craftsman
The hands are a synecdoche for the person. Alternate Translation: "the work of a master craftsman" or "something that a master craftsman has made"
Isa 1:20
the mouth of Yahweh has spoken it
The word "mouth" emphasizes that Yahweh has spoken and what he says will certainly happen. Alternate Translation: "Yahweh has spoken" or "Yahweh has said that this will happen"
Isa 2:4
swords ... spears ... sword
These words are synecdoches for weapons of any kind.
Isa 2:4
plowshares ... pruning hooks
These words are synecdoches for tools of any kind that people use in peaceful activity.
Isa 2:8
craftsmanship of their own hands
The word "hands" is a synecdoche for the people themselves. Alternate Translation: "their own craftsmanship" or "their own work" or "things they have made with their hands"
Isa 2:8
things that their own fingers have made
The word "fingers" is a synecdoche for the people themselves. Alternate Translation: "things that they have made with their own fingers"
Isa 3:8
the eyes of his glory
Here "the eyes" stands for God himself, who is glorious. Alternate Translation: "him who is glorious" or "Yahweh who is glorious"
Isa 4:2
the branch of Yahweh will be beautiful
Possible meanings are 1) "branch" is a synecdoche that represents the crops Yahweh will cause to grow in the land of Israel. Alternate Translation: "Yahweh will cause the crops in Israel to be beautiful" or 2) "branch" is a metaphor that refers to the Messiah.
Isa 5:12
the doings of his hands
Here the metonym "hands" represents the person who has done something. Alternate Translation: "what Yahweh has done"
Isa 6:5
my eyes have seen
Here "eyes" represents the whole person. Alternate Translation: "I have seen"
Isa 6:8
the voice of the Lord say
Here "voice" represents the Lord himself. Alternate Translation: "the Lord say"
Isa 7:1
Rezin ... and Pekah ... went up
The author speaks as if the kings were the armies they led. Alternate Translation: "Rezin ... and Pekah ... led their armies up"
Isa 9:11
Therefore Yahweh will raise up against him Rezin, his adversary
Here "Rezin" represents himself and his army. Alternate Translation: "Therefore, Yahweh will bring Rezin and his army against the people of Israel"
Isa 9:17
every mouth speaks foolish things
The word "mouth" refers to the person. Alternate Translation: "every person speaks foolish things"
Isa 10:6
I send him ... I order him
The word "him" here also refers to the king of Assyria. But it does not mean God is only sending the king; he is sending with him the army of Assyria. Alternate Translation: "I send the army of Assyria ... I order them"
Isa 10:13
I have brought
Here the word "I" refers to the king of Assyria. He was the leader of the Assyrian army and took credit for what the army did at his command. Alternate Translation: "I and my army have brought" or "we have brought
Isa 10:24
He will strike
The word "He" refers to "the Assyrian" which represents the king of Assyria and his army. Alternate Translation: "He and his army will strike"
Isa 11:12
from the four corners of the earth
The earth is pictured as if it has four corners, and those corners are its most distant places. This refers to everywhere on earth where those people might be. Alternate Translation: "from even the most distant places of the earth" or "from all over the earth"
Isa 14:25
the Assyrian
This represents the Assyrian king and his army. Alternate Translation: "the king of Assyria and his army" or "the Assyrian army"
Isa 15:5
My heart cries out for Moab
Here God is represented by his "heart" which emphasizes his emotions. God speaks of his great sadness as if his heart cried out. Alternate Translation: "I am extremely sad about what is happening to Moab"
Isa 16:11
So my heart sighs like a harp for Moab
The phrase "my heart" represents Yahweh and his sad feelings. He compares his sigh to the sound of a sad song played on a harp. Alternate Translation: "So I sigh like a sad song on a harp"
Isa 17:3
Fortified cities will disappear from Ephraim
Ephraim was the largest tribe in Israel. Here it represents the entire northern kingdom of Israel. Alternate Translation: "Strong cities will disappear from Israel"
Isa 17:7
men will look
The word "men" represents people in general. Alternate Translation: "people will look"
Isa 17:7
their eyes will look
Here "eyes" represents the people who look. Alternate Translation: "they will look" or "the people will look"
Isa 17:8
the work of their hands
Here the people are represented by their "hands" to emphasize that they made the altars or idols. Alternate Translation: "that they made with their hands" or "which they themselves built"
Isa 17:12
the rushing of nations
The word "nations" refers to the armies of those nations. Alternate Translation: "the rushing of the enemy armies"
Isa 21:14
with bread
Here "bread" represents food in general.
Isa 22:14
This was revealed in my ears by Yahweh of hosts
Here "ears" represents Isaiah as a whole. This can be stated in active form. Alternate Translation: "Yahweh of hosts revealed this to me"
Isa 23:7
whose feet carried her far away to foreign places to settle
Here "feet" represents the whole person. Alternate Translation: "who went to distant places to live and make money"
Isa 24:17
the pit, and the snare ... caught in the snare
Here "pit" and "snare" represent all the different bad things that will happen to people. People will run away to escape one bad thing but they will just experience another bad thing.
Isa 24:18
the pit, and the snare ... caught in the snare
Here "pit" and "snare" represent all the different bad things that will happen to people. People will run away to escape one bad thing but they will just experience another bad thing.
Isa 26:9
my spirit within me seeks you earnestly
Here "spirit" represents the speaker as a whole.
Isa 28:2
the Lord sends one who is mighty and strong
Here "one" refers to a mighty king who also represents his powerful army. Alternate Translation: "the Lord sends a king with his powerful army"
Isa 28:11
with mocking lips and a foreign tongue he will speak to this people
Here "lips" and "tongue" represent the foreigners who speak a different language than the Israelites do. It is implied that this refers to the Assyrian army that will attack Israel. Alternate Translation: "Yahweh will speak to this people through enemy soldiers who will speak a foreign language"
Isa 28:17
Hail ... the floodwaters
Possible meanings are 1) these are a synecdoche representing anything in general that will cause destruction or 2) these are a metaphor referring to the enemy army that Yahweh will send to destroy the people of Jerusalem.
Isa 28:18
When the raging flood passes through
Possible meanings are 1) "flood" is a synecdoche that represents anything in general that will cause destruction or 2) "flood" is a metaphor referring to the enemy army that Yahweh will send to destroy the people of Jerusalem.
Isa 29:18
the eyes of the blind
Here "eyes" represents the whole person. Alternate Translation: "those who are blind"
Isa 30:20
you will see your teacher with your own eyes
Here "eyes" represents the whole person. Alternate Translation: "you yourselves will see your teacher"
Isa 30:21
Your ears will hear
Here "ears" represents the whole person. Alternate Translation: "You will hear"
Isa 30:23
bread with abundance from the ground
Here "bread" represents food in general. Alternate Translation: "he will cause the ground to produce plenty of food for you to eat"
Isa 30:27
His lips are full of fury, and his tongue is like a devouring fire
Here "lips" and "tongue" are metonyms that represent Yahweh speaking. And, Yahweh speaks with so much anger and power that it is spoken of as if his tongue were a fire. Alternate Translation: "When he speaks his fury is like a fire that destroys everything"
Isa 31:7
that your own hands have sinfully made
Here the people are referred to by their "hands" the emphasize that they made something with their hands. Alternate Translation: "that you have sinned by making with you own hands"
Isa 32:6
his heart plans evil
Here the foolish person is referred to by his heart to emphasize his inner thoughts. Alternate Translation: "he plans evil things in his heart"
Isa 33:2
every morning
This refers to the whole day, not just the morning. Alternate Translation: "every day"
Isa 33:9
Bashan and Carmel shake off their leaves
Here Bashan and Carmel are represented by their trees. Alternate Translation: "there are no more leaves on the trees in Bashan and Carmel"
Isa 33:17
Your eyes will see ... they will see
This refers the audience by their "eyes." Alternate Translation: "You will see ... you will see"
Isa 33:18
Your heart will recall the terror
This refers to the audience by their "hearts." "The terror" refers to their war with the Assyrians. This can be stated clearly. Alternate Translation: "You will remember the terror that the Assyrians caused you when they attacked"
Isa 33:20
your eyes will see
The people are referred to by their "eyes" to emphasize what they are seeing. Alternate Translation: "you will see"
Isa 34:16
for his mouth has commanded it
Yahweh is referred to by his "mouth" to emphasize what he has said. Alternate Translation: "for Yahweh has commanded it"
Isa 35:1
blossom
This speaks of the plants in the desert blossoming as if the desert itself were blossoming. Alternate Translation: "its plants will blossom"
Isa 35:3
Strengthen the weak hands, and steady the knees that shake.
The words "weak hands" and "knees that shake" represent a person who is fearful. Alternate Translation: "Strengthen those whose hands are weak and whose knees shake from fear"
Isa 35:4
those with a fearful heart
Here people are referred to by their hearts, which emphasize their inner feelings. Alternate Translation: "to those who are fearful"
Isa 35:6
the mute tongue will sing
This refers to people who cannot speak. They are referred to by their "tongues" to emphasize their healing. Alternate Translation: "mute people will sing"
Isa 35:10
everlasting joy will be on their heads
This uses a person's head to mean the person as a whole. Alternate Translation: "they will have everlasting joy"
Isa 36:1
Sennacherib ... attacked all the fortified cities
Here Sennacherib represents himself and his army. Alternate Translation: "Sennacherib and his army ... attacked all the fortified cities"
Isa 37:12
that my fathers destroyed
These men destroyed the cities listed by conquering them with their armies. Here the word "fathers" refers to his father and his other ancestors who were kings. Alternate Translation: "that my fathers destroyed with their armies"
Isa 37:14
from hand of the messengers
Here the messengers are referred to by their "hand" to emphasize that they personally gave it to the king. Alternate Translation: "that the messengers gave him"
Isa 37:19
for they were not gods but the work of men's hands, just wood and stone
This emphasizes that humans made these idols with their own hands and are therefore worthless. Alternate Translation: "because they were false gods that men made out of wood and stone"
Isa 37:24
I have gone ... I will cut ... I will enter ... I have dug ... I dried ... my feet
Here Sennacherib speaks of himself conquering many things. He is actually conquering them with the armies and chariots that he commands. Alternate Translation: "We have gone ... We will cut ... we will enter ... We have dug ... we dried ... our feet"
Isa 37:25
I have gone ... I will cut ... I will enter ... I have dug ... I dried ... my feet
Here Sennacherib speaks of himself conquering many things. He is actually conquering them with the armies and chariots that he commands. Alternate Translation: "We have gone ... We will cut ... we will enter ... We have dug ... we dried ... our feet"
Isa 37:33
He will not come ... He will not come
Here the Assyrian king refers to both him and his army. Alternate Translation: "His army will not come ... They will not come"
Isa 37:34
he came ... he will not enter
Here the Assyrian king refers to both him and his army. Alternate Translation: "they came ... they will not enter"
Isa 37:37
Sennacherib king of Assyria left Israel and went home and stayed in Nineveh
Here Sennacherib refers to both him and his army. They all left Israel and returned home to Assryia. Sennacherib returned to the city Nineveh. Alternate Translation: "Sennacherib and his army left Israel and went home, and Sennacherib stayed in Nineveh"
Isa 38:14
my eyes
Here Hezekiah refers to himself my his "eyes" to emphasize that he is looking for something. Alternate Translation: "I"
Isa 40:2
from Yahweh's hand
Here the word "hand" represents Yahweh himself. Alternate Translation: "from Yahweh"
Isa 40:3
A voice cries out
The word "voice" represents the person who cries out. Alternate Translation: "Someone cries out"
Isa 40:5
for the mouth of Yahweh has spoken it
The word "mouth" represents Yahweh himself. Alternate Translation: "for Yahweh has spoken it"
Isa 41:20
the hand of Yahweh has done this
Here the word "hand" represents Yahweh himself. Alternate Translation: "Yahweh has done this"
Isa 44:18
for their eyes are blind
Here "their eyes" represents the whole person. Alternate Translation: "for they are blind"
Isa 44:18
their hearts cannot perceive
Here the people are represented by their "hearts." Alternate Translation: "they cannot understand"
Isa 45:11
the work of my hands
Here the word "hands" represents Yahweh. Alternate Translation: "the things that I have made"
Isa 45:12
It was my hands that
Here the word "hands" represents Yahweh. Alternate Translation: "It was I who"
Isa 45:23
To me every knee will bend, every tongue will swear
The words "knee" and "tongue" represent the people. Alternate Translation: "Every person will kneel before me, and everyone will swear"
Isa 48:3
they came out from my mouth
Mouth refers to someone speaking. Alternate Translation: "I spoke these things"
Isa 48:13
my hand laid the foundation of the earth, and my right hand spread out the heavens
Here "hand" refers to Yahweh. Alternate Translation: "I laid the foundation of the earth, and I spread out the heavens"
Isa 50:4
he awakens my ear to hear
Here "my ear" refers to Yahweh's servant. Yahweh enabling him to hear and understand what Yahweh teaches him is spoken of as if Yahweh awakened his ear from sleep. Alternate Translation: "he has enabled me to understand what he says"
Isa 50:6
I did not hide my face from acts of shame and spitting
Hiding one's face means to protect oneself. Alternate Translation: "I did not defend myself when they mocked me and spat on me"
Isa 50:7
so I have made my face like flint
Here "my face" refers to the servant. The servant being steadfastly determined to obey Yahweh is spoken of as if his face were as hard as flint. Alternate Translation: "so I am absolutely determined"
Isa 51:9
Awake, awake ... arm of Yahweh
People speak as if Yahweh's arm were asleep because it has not been helping them. Here the "arm of Yahweh" represents Yahweh, specifically him helping people. The word "Awake" is repeated to show that they need God's help urgently.
Isa 51:11
with gladness forever on their heads
This uses a person's head to mean the person as a whole. Alternate Translation: "they will be glad forever"
Isa 51:14
nor will he lack bread
Here "bread" represents food in general. This can be written in positive form. Alternate Translation: "nor will he be without food"
Isa 51:17
out of the hand of Yahweh
Here Yahweh is referred to by his hand to emphasize that he is the one who gave the bowl to his people. Alternate Translation: "that he gave to you"
Isa 51:21
you oppressed one and drunken one
Yahweh uses the word "one" here to refer to all of the oppressed people. Alternate Translation: "you oppressed people and drunken people"
Isa 52:7
How beautiful on the mountains are the feet of the messenger who brings good news
Here "feet" represents a messenger who is walking. Alternate Translation: "It is beautiful to see a messenger coming over the mountains to announce good news"
Isa 52:8
every eye of theirs
Here "eye" represents the whole person. Alternate Translation: "every one of them"
Isa 55:2
for what is not bread
Here the word "bread" represents food in general. It is implied that the people were buying things to eat that were not really food. Alternate Translation: "for things to eat that are not really food"
Isa 55:11
my word will be that goes from my mouth
Here the word "mouth" represents Yahweh himself. Alternate Translation: "the word that I speak"
Isa 56:2
keeps his hand from doing any evil
Here the "hand" represents the whole person and emphasizes the person's actions or behaviors. Alternate Translation: "does not do evil things"
Isa 58:13
you turn back your feet from traveling on the Sabbath day, and from doing your own pleasure on my holy day
Here the people are represented by their "feet." God did not allow long travels or work on the day of rest. Alternate Translation: "you stop traveling and doing what you want to do on the Sabbath, my holy day"
Isa 58:14
for the mouth of Yahweh has spoken
The word "mouth" symbolizes what Yahweh says. Alternate Translation: "for Yahweh has spoken it"
Isa 59:7
Their feet run to evil
Here people are represented by their "feet." This speaks of them doing something quickly as their feet running to it. Alternate Translation: "They are quick to do evil things"
Isa 62:10
Gather out the stones
Take the stones out of the road to make it smooth. Stones represent all the obstacles to quick travel.
Isa 63:16
though Abraham does not know us, and Israel does not recognize us
These ancestors of the nation of Israel would not able to identify their descendants because they changed so much. "Abraham" and "Israel" represent the people from the distant past.
Isa 64:4
nor eye seen
Here the "eye" refers to the whole person. Alternate Translation: "nor has anyone seen"
Isa 65:12
appoint you for the sword
The sword represents various weapons of war that Yahweh will use to punish those who do not respond to Yahweh's call.
Isa 66:2
My hand has made all these things
Yahweh is represented by his hand which emphasizes his power and authority. Alternate Translation: "I have made all these things"
Isa 66:14
your bones will sprout
Bones refers to the whole body.
Isa 66:16
with his sword
Sword is one weapon that represents all of warfare and killing.
Jer 4:7
someone who will destroy nations
Here "someone" represents a king and his army.
Jer 4:15
a voice is bringing news from Dan
Here "a voice" represents a messenger. Alternate Translation: "a messenger comes and tells about what is happening in Dan"
Jer 5:17
They will beat down with a sword your fortified cities
The sword is a synecdoche for all of the different weapons that people use in war. Alternate Translation: "They will use their weapons to conquer your strong cities that you trusted to protect you"
Jer 6:22
a great nation
Here "nation" represents the army of the nation. Alternate Translation: "the army of a great nation"
Jer 8:5
Jerusalem
The word "Jerusalem" here is a synecdoche for all the people of Judah. Alternate Translation: "Judah"
Jer 8:18
my heart is sick
Here "heart" represents Jeremiah, emphasizing his feelings and emotions. Alternate Translation: "I feel sick deep down inside me"
Jer 9:5
Their tongues teach deceitful things
Here people are represented by their "tongues" to emphasize their speech. Alternate Translation: "They teach deceitful things"
Jer 9:12
the mouth of Yahweh
Here Yahweh's speech is represented by his "mouth." Alternate Translation: "Yahweh"
Jer 10:19
General Information:
Jeremiah is speaking as if he were the whole tribe of Israel.
Jer 10:19
but I must bear it
Here Jeremiah represents the whole tribe of Israel. Alternate Translation: "but we must bear it"
Jer 10:20
They have taken my children away from me
Here Jeremiah represents the whole tribe of Israel. Alternate Translation: "Our enemies have taken our children away from us"
Jer 11:21
you will die by our hand
Here the men refer to their "hand" to emphasize that they plan to kill him themselves. Alternate Translation: "we ourselves will kill you"
Jer 13:16
before he causes your feet to stumble
Here a person is referred to by his "feet" to emphasize that he is walking. Alternate Translation: "before he causes you to trip and fall as you walk"
Jer 14:2
let her gates fall apart
Here the word "gates," which keep enemies out of cities and where people conduct business and government, is a synecdoche for Judah's cities, and Judah's cities are a metonym for the people who live in them. Alternate Translation: "let her cities fall apart" or "let the people in her cities become unable to defend themselves"
Jer 14:10
have not held back their feet
Here the people are referred to by their "feet" to emphasize their walking away from Yahweh. Alternate Translation: "have not kept themselves"
Jer 16:17
my eye is on all their ways
Here the word "eye" represents Yahweh who sees all that they do. Alternate Translation: "I am watching everything they do"
Jer 16:17
Their iniquity cannot be concealed from before my eyes
Here the word "eyes" represents Yahweh who sees. This can be stated in active form. Alternate Translation: "They cannot conceal their iniquity from me"
Jer 17:1
engraved on the tablet of their hearts
The sinful habits of the people are spoken of as if their sins had been engraved on their own hearts. The word "hearts" refers to the whole person: their thoughts, emotions, and actions. Alternate Translation: "engraved in their very beings"
Jer 17:16
the proclamations that came from my lips
Here the word "lips" represents Jeremiah who spoke. The word "proclamations" can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate Translation: "the proclamations that I spoke" or "the things that I proclaimed"
Jer 18:22
have hidden traps for my feet
Here the word "feet" represents Jeremiah. Alternate Translation: "have hidden traps for me" or "have hidden traps for me to step on"
Jer 20:4
your eyes will see it
Here the word "eyes" represents Pashhur. Alternate Translation: "you will see it"
Jer 20:9
it is like a fire in my heart, held within my bones
Here the words "heart" and "bones" represent Jeremiah's innermost being. Jeremiah speaks of being unable to not speak Yahweh's message as if Yahweh's message were a fire that burns within him. Alternate Translation: "Yahweh's word is like a fire that burns deep within me"
Jer 20:18
my days are filled with shame
Here the word "days" represents all the days of Jeremiah's life. Alternate Translation: "my life is filled with shame"
Jer 22:8
Then many nations will pass by this city
Here "nations" refers to the people from those nations that pass by. Alternate Translation: "Then many people from various nations will pass by this city"
Jer 23:14
They strengthen the hands of evildoers
Here "hands" refers to the whole person. Alternate Translation: "They strengthen those who do evil" or "They encourage people who do evil"
Jer 26:13
listen to the voice of Yahweh
The voice is a synecdoche for the person, and the same word can be translated "listen" or "obey." Alternate Translation: "obey Yahweh"
Jer 26:19
appease the face of Yahweh
The face is a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate Translation: "cause Yahweh to be less angry"
Jer 27:3
Send them by the hand of those kings' ambassadors who ... Judah
The hand is a synecdoche for the person. Alternate Translation: "Have those kings' ambassadors, who ... Judah, take them"
Jer 29:3
by the hand of Elasah
Jeremiah gave the scroll to Elasah so that Elasah could take it to Babylon. The reader should understand that Elasah probably put the scroll in a container to keep it safe as he traveled.
Jer 32:4
His mouth will speak to the king's mouth, and his eyes will see the king's eyes
Here "mouth" and "eyes" represent the whole person. Alternate Translation: "Zedekiah himself will see and directly speak with Nebuchadnezzar"
Jer 33:5
I hide my face
Yahweh is represented by his "face." This phrase shows Yahweh's displeasure with the city. Alternate Translation: "I have turned away from you" or "I am no longer concerned with you"
Jer 37:2
he proclaimed by the hand of Jeremiah the prophet
The hand is a synecdoche for the person. Alternate Translation: "he had Jeremiah the prophet proclaim"
Jer 39:6
slaughtered Zedekiah's sons before his own eyes
The eyes are a synecdoche for the whole person. The reader should also understand that others probably helped the king of Babylon kill Zedekiah's sons. Alternate Translation: "forced Zedekiah to watch as the king's soldiers killed Zedekiah's sons"
Jer 41:3
Then Ishmael killed
Here "Ishmael" represents himself and the ten men with him. Alternate Translation: "Then Ishmael and the ten men with him killed"
Jer 41:9
against King Baasha of Israel
Here King Baasha represents himself and his army. Alternate Translation: "against Baasha, king of Israel, and his army"
Jer 41:9
Ishmael son of Nethaniah filled it
Here Ishmael represents himself and all of his men. Alternate Translation: "Ishmael and his men filled it"
Jer 41:10
Ishmael captured
Here Ishmael represents himself and his men. Alternate Translation: "Ishmael and his men captured"
Jer 41:11
Ishmael son of Nethaniah ... found him
Here "Ishmael" represents himself and all of his men. Alternate Translation: "Ishmael and his men ... found them"
Jer 41:12
Ishmael son of Nethaniah ... found him
Here "Ishmael" represents himself and all of his men. Alternate Translation: "Ishmael and his men ... found them"
Jer 41:14
whom Ishmael had captured
Here "Ishmael" represents himself and all of his men. Alternate Translation: "whom Ishmael and his men had captured"
Jer 41:15
He went to the people of Ammon
He refers to Ishmael who represents himself and the eight men with him. Alternate Translation: "They went to the people of Ammon"
Jer 42:17
all the men who set out
The men are used to refer to all the people because they are the leaders in their families. Alternate Translation: "anyone who sets out"
Jer 44:9
the streets of Jerusalem
Jerusalem is referred to by the part of the city where people walk. This means the people did evil things in public places. Alternate Translation: "Jerusalem" or "the public places of Jerusalem"
Jer 44:17
the streets of Jerusalem
Here "streets" represent the public places in Jerusalem. Alternate Translation: "in the public places of Jerusalem" or "in Jerusalem"
Jer 44:25
have said with your mouths and carried out with your hands what you said
Here "mouths" and "hands" represent the whole person. Alternate Translation: "have done what you promised to do when you said"
Jer 48:36
my heart is lamenting for Moab like a flute
Here "heart" represents the whole person. The person's sad crying is compared to the sad music played on a flute at a funeral. Alternate Translation: "I cry sadly for Moab. My cries are like the sad music a person plays on a flute at a funeral"
Jer 48:44
fall into the pit ... caught in the trap
Here "the pit" and "the trap" represent all the different bad things that will happen to the people. People will run away to escape one bad thing but they will just experience another bad thing.
Jer 48:45
It will devour the forehead of Moab and the top of the heads of the boastful people
Here "forehead" and "top of the heads" represent the people of Moab as a whole. Alternate Translation: "It will burn up all the people in Moab who noisily boasted very much"
Jer 50:1
by the hand of Jeremiah the prophet
The hand is a synecdoche for the person. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 37:2](../37/02.md). Alternate Translation: "through Jeremiah, who was a prophet"
Jer 50:41
a great nation and many kings
This phrase refers to the time when the Medes and Persians conquered Babylon in 539 BC. Here "nation" represents their armies. Alternate Translation: "the armies of a great nation and many kings"
Jer 52:10
slaughtered Zedekiah's sons before his own eyes
The eyes are a synecdoche for the whole person. The reader should also understand that others probably helped the king of Babylon kill Zedekiah's sons. Alternate Translation: "forced Zedekiah to watch as the king of Babylon slaughtered Zedekiah's sons"
Lam 1:10
the nations
This refers to people from various nations, not the entire population of those nations. Alternate Translation: "people from the nations"
Lam 1:11
bread
This refers to food in general. Alternate Translation: "food"
Lam 1:18
My virgins and my vigorous men have gone into captivity
Here all of the people of Jerusalem who were taken into captivity are represented by the "virgins" and the "vigorous men" who were taken. Alternate Translation: "Many of my people, including my virgins and vigorous men, have gone into captivity"
Lam 1:20
my heart is disturbed within me
Here the woman, representing Jerusalem, refers to her "heart" to emphasize her feelings. Alternate Translation: "my heart is broken" or "I am extremely sad"
Lam 1:22
my heart is faint
Here the "heart" represents the whole person. Alternate Translation: "I am faint"
Lam 2:7
the walls of her palaces
Here the word "her" may refer either to the temple or to Jersualem. Possible translations are 1) "the walls of the temple" or 2) "the walls of Jerusalem's palaces." The word "walls" is a synecdoche for the whole building, and the building is a synecdoche for all of Jerusalem.
Lam 2:18
Their heart cried out to the Lord
Here the word "heart" represents the whole person emphasizing one's innermost being. Possible meanings of who cried out are 1) the people of Jerusalem. Alternate Translation: "The people of Jerusalem shouted to the Lord from their innermost being" or 2) the walls are being personified. Alternate Translation: "You walls, cry out to the Lord from your innermost being"
Lam 4:10
The hands of compassionate women
Here the women are represented by their "hands." Because they were so hungry, women who had been compassionate in the past were no longer compassionate toward their children; instead they boiled them for food. Alternate Translation: "Compassionate women" or "Women who had been compassionate in the past"
Lam 4:11
that consumed her foundations
Here "her foundations" represents the whole city, even the part of the city that would be ruined last. Alternate Translation: "that burned down the city, even its foundations"
Lam 5:15
The joy of our heart
Here the word "heart" refers to the whole person and emphasizes their emotions. Alternate Translation: "Our joy"
Ezk 3:8
I have made your face as stubborn as their faces
The words "face" and "faces" are used to stand for the people the sentence is about. Alternate Translation: "I have made you as stubborn as they are"
Ezk 5:11
my eye will not have pity on you
The eye is a synecdoche for the person whose eye it is. Alternate Translation: "I will not pity you"
Ezk 6:9
I was grieved by their promiscuous heart that turned away from me
Yahweh speaks of the Israelites as if they were a woman who sleeps with many people. Alternate Translation: "I was sad because they were like a wife who has left me to sleep with other men"
Ezk 6:9
by their eyes that whored after their idols
Yahweh speaks of the Israelites as if they were a married woman who looks at other men and desires to sleep with them. Alternate Translation: "by the way they desired strongly to worship idols"
Ezk 7:4
For my eyes will not pity you
The eye is a synecdoche for the person whose eye it is. Alternate Translation: "For I will not pity you"
Ezk 7:9
For my eye will not look compassionately
The eye is a synecdoche for the person whose eye it is. Alternate Translation: "I will not look on them with compassion" or "I will not be compassionate to them"
Ezk 7:17
Every hand will falter and every knee will be weak as water
The hands and knees are synecdoches for the people themselves. Alternate Translation: "Everyone will be so terrified that they will be unable to work and their knees will become weak so that they cannot stand"
Ezk 7:27
the hands of the people of the land will tremble in fear
The word "hands" is a synecdoche for the people. Alternate Translation: "the people of the land will be so afraid that their hands will tremble"
Ezk 8:18
my eye will not have compassion
The eye is a synecdoche for the person whose eye it is. Alternate Translation: "I will not look on them with compassion" or "I will not be compassionate to them"
Ezk 9:5
Do not let your eyes have compassion
The eye is a synecdoche for the person whose eye it is. Alternate Translation: "Do not have compassion"
Ezk 9:10
my eye will not look with compassion
The eye is a synecdoche for the person whose eye it is. Alternate Translation: "I will not look on them with compassion" or "I will not be compassionate to them"
Ezk 13:22
discourage the heart of the righteous person
Here the word "heart" represents the person and his emotions. Alternate Translation: "discourage the righteous person"
Ezk 14:6
Turn back your faces
Here the word "faces" represents the people. Alternate Translation: "Turn back"
Ezk 16:4
your mother did not cut your navel
Here "navel" refers to the umbilical cord that is attached to the navel. Alternate Translation: "you mother did not cut your umbilical cord"
Ezk 16:5
No eye had compassion for you
Here the word "eye" represents the person who sees. Alternate Translation: "Nobody who saw you had compassion for you"
Ezk 16:27
I will hand your life over
Here "life" represents the person. Alternate Translation: "I will hand you over"
Ezk 16:49
She did not strengthen the hands of the poor and needy people
Here the word "hands" represents the people who work with their hands. The words "poor" and "needy" emphasize that these are people who cannot help themselves. Alternate Translation: "She did not help the people who could not help themselves"
Ezk 16:56
Sodom your sister was not even mentioned by your mouth
Here the word "mouth" represents the person who speaks. This can be stated in active form. Alternate Translation: "You did not even mention your sister Sodom"
Ezk 17:9
No strong arm or many people will be needed to pull it out
The phrase "strong arm" represents a strong person. This can be stated in active form. Alternate Translation: "There will be no need for a strong person or many people to pull it out"
Ezk 18:4
The soul who sins
Here the word "soul" represents the person. Alternate Translation: "The person who sins"
Ezk 20:17
my eye spared them
Here the word "eye" represents Yahweh. Alternate Translation: "I spared them"
Ezk 20:22
I turned my hand away
Here the word "hand" represents Yahweh and turning his hand away means that he does not do what he was going to do. Alternate Translation: "But I did not do that"
Ezk 20:24
Their eyes were longing after their fathers' idols
Here the word "eyes" represents the person who looks to the idols to worship them. Alternate Translation: "They were longing after their fathers' idols"
Ezk 20:47
every face from the south to the north
Here the word "face" represents the person. By mentioning the opposite directions, Yahweh refers to everyone who lives in the north, in the south, and everywhere in between. Alternate Translation: "every person who lives in that area"
Ezk 21:6
before their eyes
Here the Israelites are referred to by their "eyes" to emphasize what they see. Alternate Translation: "before them" or "before the Israelite people"
Ezk 21:7
for every heart will faint away
This speaks of people becoming afraid, as if their hearts were fainting. Also, this speaks of the people fainting as a result of fear. Alternate Translation: "for everyone will become fearful"
Ezk 22:14
Will your heart stand
Here the whole person is referred to by his "heart" to emphasize his emotions and will. Here the idea of "standing" is an idiom that means to be courageous. Alternate Translation: "Will you stand" or "Will you be courageous"
Ezk 22:14
will your hands be strong
Here the whole person is referred to by his "hands." Alternate Translation: "will you be strong"
Ezk 23:39
in the middle of my house
This refers to the house in general. The reference to the "middle" emphasizes that what was done happened openly in the temple and defiled the whole place. Alternate Translation: "in my own house"
Ezk 24:4
Gather pieces of food
Here "food" refers specifically to meat. Alternate Translation: "Place pieces of meat"
Ezk 24:16
the desire of your eyes from
This refers to Ezekiel's wife. Yahweh refers to Ezekiel by the part of his body he uses to see his wife. Alternate Translation: "your wife, whom you love very much, from"
Ezk 24:21
the delight of your eyes
Here Yahweh refers to the people by their "eyes." Alternate Translation: "the building that you delight to look at"
Ezk 24:21
the yearning of your soul
Here Yahweh refers to the people by their "soul" to emphasize their inner feelings. Alternate Translation: "the building that you truly love"
Ezk 28:9
to the face of
Here the face represents being in the presence of another person. Alternate Translation: "in the presence of" or "before"
Ezk 28:17
Your heart was arrogant
Here the "heart" represents the whole person, emphasizing the person's thoughts. Alternate Translation: "You were arrogant"
Ezk 29:11
No man's foot will pass through it
Here "man's foot" represents people. Alternate Translation: "No man will walk through the land of Egypt"
Ezk 29:11
no wild animal's foot will pass through it
Here "animal's foot" represents animals. Alternate Translation: "not even a wild animal will walk through it"
Ezk 32:13
the foot of man will no longer stir the waters up
The foot here is a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate Translation: "people will no longer stir the waters up with their feet"
Ezk 35:12
against the mountains of Israel
Here "mountains" represents the whole land of Israel.
Ezk 36:3
you have been the subject of slanderous lips and tongues, and of people's stories
Here, "lips" and "tongues" represent people speaking. Alternate Translation: "people are saying bad things about you, and the nations are telling bad stories about you"
Ezk 36:8
you will grow branches and bear fruit
Here "you" refers to the mountain of Israel which here represents the trees on the mountain that will grow fruit. Alternate Translation: "your trees will grow branches and bear fruit"
Ezk 37:16
Judah
The tribe of Judah lived in the southern kingdom of Israel which was called Judah. Here the name is used to refer to the whole southern kingdom.
Ezk 37:16
For Joseph, the branch of Ephraim
Joseph was Ephraim's father. The tribe of Ephraim lived in the northern kingdom of Israel. Here the names are used to represent the whole northern kingdom.
Ezk 37:20
before their eyes
Here the people are represented by their "eyes" to emphasize what they see. Alternate Translation: "while they watched you"
Ezk 38:11
I will
Gog will not do these things alone. His army will do most of them. Alternate Translation: "My army and I will"
Ezk 43:11
before their eyes
Here the Israelites are referred to by their "eyes" to emphasize what they see. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 21:6](../21/06.md). Alternate Translation: "before them" or "before the Israelite people"
Dan 1:1
Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylonia ... gave Nebuchadnezzar
This refers to Nebuchadnezzar and his soldiers, not only to Nebuchadnezzar. Alternate Translation: "Nebuchadnezzar's soldiers ... them" or "Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylonia and his soldiers ... them"
Dan 1:1
Jehoiakim king of Judah
This refers to Jehoiakim and his soldiers, not only to Jehoiakim. Alternate Translation: "the army of Jehoiakim king of Judah"
Dan 1:2
Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylonia ... gave Nebuchadnezzar
This refers to Nebuchadnezzar and his soldiers, not only to Nebuchadnezzar. Alternate Translation: "Nebuchadnezzar's soldiers ... them" or "Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylonia and his soldiers ... them"
Dan 1:2
He brought ... he placed
Although Nebuchadnezzar did not do these things alone, it may easier for the reader to retain the singular pronouns. Alternate Translation: "They brought ... they placed"
Dan 1:8
Daniel intended in his mind
Here "mind" refers to Daniel himself. Alternate Translation: "Daniel decided to himself"
Dan 2:3
my mind is anxious
Here "mind" refers to the king himself. Alternate Translation: "I am anxious"
Dan 2:30
know the thoughts deep within you
This phrase is using the word "you" referring to the person's mind. Alternate Translation: "know the thoughts deep inside your mind"
Dan 5:20
his heart was arrogant
Here "heart" refers to the king himself. Alternate Translation: "the king was arrogant"
Dan 5:20
his spirit was hardened
Here "spirit" refers to the king himself. His stubbornness is spoken of as if he were hardened. Alternate Translation: "the king became stubborn"
Dan 5:22
have not humbled your heart
Here "heart" refers to Belshazzar himself. Alternate Translation: "have not humbled yourself"
Dan 6:3
he had an extraordinary spirit
Here "spirit" refers to Daniel. It means he had was unusually capable. Alternate Translation: "he was and exceptional person"
Dan 7:8
a mouth that was boasting about great things
Here the horn was boasting, using its mouth to do so. Alternate Translation: "the horn had a mouth and boasted about doing great things"
Dan 7:15
my spirit was grieved inside of me
Here "my spirit" refers to Daniel himself. Alternate Translation: "I was very sad inside"
Dan 8:16
a man's voice calling between the banks of the Ulai Canal
Here a man is being referred to by his voice. Alternate Translation: "a man calling from the Ulai Canal"
Dan 10:10
A hand touched me
Here a person's hand represents that person, probably the man whom Daniel saw in [Daniel 10:5-6](./04.md). Alternate Translation: "Someone touched me with his hand"
Dan 11:7
He will attack the army
The word "he" refers to her descendant, and here it also refers to his army. Alternate Translation: "He and his army will attack the army of the king of the North"
Dan 11:15
The king of the North will come
Here "king of the North" includes his army also. Alternate Translation: "The army of the king of the North will come"
Dan 11:40
the king of the South ... The king of the North
These phrases stand for the kings and their armies. Alternate Translation: "the king of the South and his army ... The king of the North and his army"
Hos 2:17
For I will remove the names of the Baals from her mouth
The Israelites will not speak the names of Baal and the idols again. The people are represented by their mouths. Alternate Translation: "For I will cause you to not speak the names of the Baals"
Hos 4:17
Ephraim united himself with idols; leave him alone
Here "Ephraim" represents the whole northern kingdom of Israel, which is a metonym for the people who live there. They chose to worship idols, instead of Yahweh. Yahweh is commanding Hosea to not try to correct them. The people of Israel will not listen.
Hos 5:3
I know Ephraim, and Israel is not hidden from me
Here, "Ephraim" and "Israel" both refer to the whole northern kingdom of Israel, and represent the people who live there. Here God says that he knows what they are like and what they are doing.
Hos 5:8
Sound a battle cry at Beth Aven: 'We will follow you, Benjamin!'
Here "Benjamin" represents the soldiers from the tribe of Benjamin. This may be a request for them to lead the people into battle. But modern versions make various attempts to interpret this expression.
Hos 7:2
they are before my face
Here God is represented by his "face" which emphasizes his presence and awareness. Alternate Translation: "and I see it all"
Hos 7:8
Ephraim is a flat cake that has not been turned over
This can be stated in active form. Here "Ephraim" refers to the northern kingdom of Israel. The nation is weak, as flat bread that has not been doubled over in the oven by the baker for more strength. Alternate Translation: "The people of Ephraim are like a cake that no one has turned over"
Hos 9:8
Ephraim
Here "Ephraim" represents all the people of Israel.
Hos 9:13
Ephraim ... Tyre
Here "Ephraim" represents the whole northern kingdom of Israel. These places refer to the people who live in them.
Hos 10:2
Their heart is deceitful
The "heart" refers to the whole person, emphasizing their emotions and desires. Alternate Translation: "They are deceitful"
Hos 12:1
Ephraim feeds on the wind
Here "Ephraim" represents all the people of Israel. Also "wind" represents something that is useless or temporary. The people of Israel doing things that will not help them is spoken of as if they eat the wind.
Hos 12:10
By the hand of the prophets
Here "hand" represents the one who carries out an action. Alternate Translation: "Through the prophets"
Hos 13:1
When Ephraim spoke
Hosea uses the term "Ephraim" to refer to the entire northern kingdom, although it was also the name of one of the ten tribes. Hosea seems to be speaking of a long-past time, when the northern kingdom was strong and honored, unlike at the present time.
Hos 14:3
to the work of our hands
Here people are represented by their "hands" to refer to the people making things. Alternate Translation: "to the idols we made"
Jol 1:16
from before our eyes
from us. This refers to all of the nation of Israel.
Jol 2:28
all flesh
Here "flesh" represents people. Alternate Translation: "all people"
Jol 3:4
I will immediately return your retribution on your own head
Here the word "head" refers to the person. Yahweh will make them suffer the pain they wanted him to suffer. Alternate Translation: "I will cause you to suffer the retribution that you tried to put on me"
Amo 9:1
so that the foundations will shake
Here "foundations" represents the whole temple. Alternate Translation: "so that the whole temple will shake"
Amo 9:1
Break them in pieces on all of their heads
Here "heads" represents the whole person. Alternate Translation: "Break the pillars so that the temple falls on all of the people and kills them"
Jon 2:4
from before your eyes
Here Yahweh is represented by his "eyes." Alternate Translation: "from you"
Jon 4:8
on Jonah's head
Jonah may have felt the heat most on his head. Alternate Translation: "on Jonah"
Mic 1:5
What is Judah's high place?
Here "high place" is a synecdoche for the entire system of idol worship. "Judah" is a metonym for the people who live there. Alternate Translation: "Where do the people of Judah go to worship idols?"
Mic 4:4
for the mouth of Yahweh of hosts has spoken
The mouth is a synecdoche for the person. Alternate Translation: "for Yahweh of hosts has spoken"
Mic 4:6
the lame
This refers to those who cannot walk well. Being lame is a synecdoche for having any form of disability.
Mic 4:11
let our eyes gloat over Zion
The eye is a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate Translation: "let us gloat over Zion" or "let us enjoy watching the invaders destroy Zion"
Mic 5:9
it will destroy them
The hand is a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate Translation: "you will destroy them"
Mic 6:12
their tongue in their mouth is deceitful
The tongue is a synecdoche for the person. Alternate Translation: "Everything they say is a lie"
Mic 7:3
Their hands are very good
The hand is a synecdoche for the person. Alternate Translation: "The people are very good"
Mic 7:10
My eyes
This phrase here refers to the whole person. Alternate Translation: "I" or "We"
Nam 1:15
on the mountains there are the feet of someone who is bringing good news
Here the word "feet" represent the person who is running in order to declare a message. Alternate Translation: "on the mountains there is someone who is bringing good news"
Hab 1:13
Your eyes are too pure
Here the word "eyes" represents Yahweh who sees. Alternate Translation: "You are too pure"
Hag 1:1
by the hand of Haggai
Here the word "hand" refers to Haggai himself. Yahweh used Haggai as the agent to deliver his command. See how you translated this in [Haggai 1:1](./01.md). Alternate Translation: "through Haggai"
Hag 1:3
by the hand of Haggai
Here the word "hand" refers to Haggai himself. Yahweh used Haggai as the agent to deliver his command. See how you translated this in [Haggai 1:1](./01.md). Alternate Translation: "through Haggai"
Hag 1:8
bring timber
This represents only a part of what they needed to build the temple.
Hag 1:12
the people feared the face of Yahweh
Possible meanings are 1) the face could be a synecdoche for the person. Alternate Translation: "the people feared Yahweh" or 2) the face could be a metonym for the person's presence. Alternate Translation: "the people were afraid to be in Yahweh's presence"
Hag 2:1
by the hand of Haggai
Here the word "hand" refers to Haggai himself. Yahweh used Haggai as the agent to deliver his command. See how you translated this in [Haggai 1:1](../01/01.md). Alternate Translation: "through Haggai"
Zec 1:18
I lifted up my eyes
The word "eyes" represents the person who looks. Alternate Translation: "I looked up"
Zec 2:1
I lifted up my eyes
The word "eyes" represents the person who looks. Alternate Translation: "I looked up"
Zec 2:13
all flesh
Here the word "flesh" represents all humanity. Alternate Translation: "all people"
Zec 4:9
The hands of Zerubbabel have laid ... his hands will bring it to completion
Here the word "hands" represents Zerubbabel. Alternate Translation: "Zerubbabel has laid ... he will bring it to completion"
Zec 5:1
lifted my eyes
The word "eyes" represents the person who looks. Alternate Translation: "looked up"
Zec 5:5
Raise your eyes
The word "eyes" represents the person who looks. Alternate Translation: "Look up"
Zec 5:9
I lifted my eyes
Here the word "eyes" represents the person who sees. Alternate Translation: "I looked up"
Zec 6:1
lifted my eyes
Here the word "eyes" represents the person who sees. Alternate Translation: "looked up"
Zec 9:10
the bow will be cut off from battle
Here the bow represents all weapons used in warfare. Alternate Translation: "all weapons of war will be destroyed"
Zec 10:7
their hearts will rejoice as with wine
Here "hearts" refers to the whole person. They will have the same joy as a person who is enjoying drinking wine. Alternate Translation: "and they will be very happy"
Zec 14:4
his feet will stand on the Mount of Olives
Here "feet" represents Yahweh. Alternate Translation: "he will stand on the Mount of Olives"
Mal 1:2
I have loved Jacob
This name "Jacob" refers here not only to Jacob, but also to all his descendants.
Mal 1:3
Esau I have hated
This name "Esau" refers here not only to Esau, but also to all his descendants.
Mal 1:5
Your own eyes will see this
Here "your own eyes" stands for the people themselves. Alternate Translation: "You yourselves will see this"
Mal 1:9
keep asking the face of God
Here "face" stands for God and also for his presence. Alternate Translation: "keep asking God in his presence"
Mal 1:9
in your hand
Here "hand" stands for the people bringing the offering. Alternate Translation: "brought by you"
Mal 1:10
from your hand
Here "your hand" stands for "you." Alternate Translation: "from you"
Mal 1:13
from your hand
Here "your hand" stands for "you." Alternate Translation: "from you"
Mal 2:13
from your hand
Here "hand" stands for the person giving the offering. Alternate Translation: "from you"