VersePhraseExplanation
Gen 3:19you will eat breadHere the word "bread" is a synecdoche for food in general. Alternate Translation: "you will eat food"
Gen 4:11from your handHere Cain is represented by his "hand," to emphasize that he personally had killed his brother. Alternate Translation: "that spilled when you killed him" or "from you"
Gen 6:12all fleshPossible meanings for what "all flesh" represents are 1) all human beings or 2) all physical beings, including humans and animal.
Gen 6:17all fleshHere "flesh" represents all physical beings, including humans and animals.
Gen 7:15of all fleshHere "flesh" represents animals. Alternate Translation: "of every kind of animal"
Gen 7:22who breathed the breath of life through their nosesHere "noses" represent the whole animal or human. Alternate Translation: "everyone that breathed"
Gen 9:5from the handHere the word "hand" refers to the one who is responsible for something happening.
Gen 9:5From the hand ofThis phrase refers to the person in a very personal way. Alternate Translation: "From that very man"
Gen 9:11all fleshPossible meanings for what "all flesh" represents are 1) all human beings or 2) all physical beings, including humans and animal. See how this is translated in [Genesis 6:12](../06/12.md).
Gen 9:15all fleshPossible meanings for what "all flesh" represents are 1) all human beings or 2) all physical beings, including humans and animal. See how this is translated in [Genesis 6:12](../06/12.md).
Gen 14:10the kings of Sodom and GomorrahHere the kings represent themselves and their armies. Alternate Translation: the kings of Sodom and Gomorrah and their armies"
Gen 15:15fathersThe word "fathers" is a synecdoche for all ancestors. Alternate Translation: "ancestors" or "ancestral fathers"
Gen 19:8under the shadow of my roofThe two men were guests in Lot's home, so he needed to protect them. The word "roof" is a synecdoche for the whole house and a metaphor for Lot protecting them. Alternate Translation: "into my house, and God expects me to protect them"
Gen 21:14took breadPossible meanings are 1) this refers to food in general or 2) this refers to bread specifically.
Gen 21:30from my handHere "hand" stands for Abraham. Alternate Translation: "from me"
Gen 22:6He took in his own handHere "his own hand" emphasizes that Abraham himself carried these things. Alternate Translation: "Abraham himself carried"
Gen 22:6the fireHere "fire" stands for a pan containing burning coals or a torch or lamp. Alternate Translation: "something for starting a fire"
Gen 22:7the fireHere "fire" stands for a pan containing burning coals or a torch or lamp. See how you translated this in [Genesis 22:6](./06.md).
Gen 22:17will possess the gate of their enemiesHere "gate" represents the whole city. To "possess the gate of their enemies" means destroying their enemies. Alternate Translation: "will completely triumph over their enemies"
Gen 24:3among whom I make my homeamong whom I live. Here, "I" stands for Abraham and all of his family and servants. Alternate Translation: "among whom we live"
Gen 24:37in whose land I make my homeamong whom I live. Here, "I" stands for Abraham and all of his family and servants. Alternate Translation: "among whom we live"
Gen 26:5obeyed my voiceHere "voice" stands for Yahweh. Alternate Translation: "obeyed me"
Gen 26:18Isaac dug outHere "Isaac" stands for Isaac and his servants. Alternate Translation: "Isaac and his servants dug out"
Gen 27:22The voice is Jacob's voiceHere Issac speaks of Jacob's voice as representing Jacob. Alternate Translation: "You sound like Jacob"
Gen 27:22but the hands are the hands of EsauHere Issac speaks of Esau's hands as representing Esau. Alternate Translation: "but your hands feel like Esau's hands"
Gen 27:29your brothers ... your mother's sonsIsaac is speaking this blessing directly to Jacob. But, it also applies to Jacob's descendants who will rule over the descendants of Esau and the descendants of any other of Jacob's brothers that he may have.
Gen 27:40your ... youIn 27:39-40 these pronouns are singular and refer to Esau, but what Isaac says also applies to Esau's descendants
Gen 27:41Esau said in his heartHere "heart" stands for Esau himself. Alternate Translation: "Esau said to himself"
Gen 28:14to the west, to the east, to the north, and to the southThis phrases are used together to mean "all directions." Alternate Translation: "in all directions"
Gen 28:20will give me bread to eatHere "bread" stands for food in general.
Gen 30:41before the eyes of the flockHere the flock's "eyes" represent the sheep and emphasize what they see. Alternate Translation: "so that the flock could see them"
Gen 31:10mating with the flockHere "flock" represents only the female goats. Alternate Translation: "mating with the female goats of the flock"
Gen 31:12that are breeding with the flockHere "flock" stands for only the female goats. Alternate Translation: "that are breeding with the female goats of the flock"
Gen 33:10my gift from my handHere "hand" refers to Jacob. Alternate Translation: "this gift that I am giving to you"
Gen 33:10I have seen your faceHere "face" stands for Esau. It may be best to translate as "face" because of the importance of the word "face" here with "face of God" and "face to face" in [Genesis 32:30](../32/30.md).
Gen 34:30I am few in number ... against me and attack me, then I will be destroyed, I and my householdHere the words "I" and "me" refer to all of Jacob's household. Jacob only says "I" or "me" since he is the leader. Alternate Translation: "My household is small ... against us and attack us, then they will destroy all of us"
Gen 37:2These were the events concerning JacobThis sentence introduces the account of Jacob's children in Genesis 37:1-50:26. Here "Jacob" refers to his whole family. Alternate Translation: "This is the account of Jacob's family"
Gen 37:25They sat down to eat breadBread represents food in general. Alternate Translation: "They sat down to eat food" or "Joseph's brothers sat down to eat"
Gen 38:20from the woman's handHere "hand" emphasizes that they were in here possession. The woman's hand refers to the woman. Alternate Translation: "from the woman"
Gen 41:8his spirit was troubledHere the word "spirit" refers to his inner being or his emotions. Alternate Translation: "he was troubled in his inner being" or "he was troubled"
Gen 41:48He gathered up ... He putHere "He" stands for Joseph's servants. Alternate Translation: "Joseph ordered his servants to gather ... They put"
Gen 41:49Joseph stored up ... he stoppedHere "Joseph" and "he" stand for Joseph's servants. Alternate Translation: "Joseph had his servants store up ... they stopped"
Gen 41:56Joseph opened all the storehouses and sold to the EgyptiansHere "Joseph" stands for Joseph's servants. Alternate Translation: "Joseph had his servants open all the storehouses and sell grain to the Egyptians"
Gen 42:21in that we saw the distress of his soulThe word "soul" stands for Joseph. Alternate Translation: "because we saw how distressed Joseph was" or "because we saw that Joseph was suffering"
Gen 42:24bound him before their eyesHere the people are represented by their "eyes" to emphasize what they see. Alternate Translation: "bound him in their sight" or "bound him as they watched"
Gen 42:38my gray hairThis stands for Jacob and emphasizes his old age. Alternate Translation: "me, an old man"
Gen 43:3You will not see my faceJudah uses this phrase twice in 43:3-5 to emphasize to his father that they cannot return to Egypt without Benjamin. The phrase "my face" refers to the man, who is Joseph. Alternate Translation: "You will not see me"
Gen 43:12Take double money in your handHere "hand" stands for the whole person. Alternate Translation: "Take double the money with you"
Gen 43:12The money that was returned in the opening of your sacks, carry again in your handHere "hand" stands for the whole person. The phrase "that was returned" can be stated in active form. Alternate Translation: "take back to Egypt the money someone put in your sacks"
Gen 43:15in their hand they tookHere "hand" refers to the entire person. Alternate Translation: "they took"
Gen 43:21We have brought it back in our handsHere "hands" stands for the whole person. Alternate Translation: "We have brought the money back with us"
Gen 43:22Other money we have also brought down in our hand to buy foodHere "hand" stands for the whole person. Alternate Translation: "We have also brought more money to buy food"
Gen 43:26they brought the gifts which were in their handHere "hand" stands for the entire person. Alternate Translation: "the brothers brought the gifts they had with them"
Gen 43:32could not eat breadHere "bread" stands for food in general.
Gen 44:16he also in whose hand the cup was foundHere "hand" stands for the whole person. Also, "was found" can be stated in active form. Alternate Translation: "the one who had your cup"
Gen 44:17The man in whose hand the cup was foundHere "hand" stands for the whole person. Also, "was found" can be stated in active form. Alternate Translation: "The man who had my cup"
Gen 44:18speak a word in my master's earsThe word "ear" is a synecdoche that stands for the whole person. Alternate Translation: "speak to you, my master"
Gen 44:23you will not see my face againHere "face" stands for the whole person. Alternate Translation: "you will not see me again"
Gen 44:26to see the man's faceHere "face" stands for the whole person. Alternate Translation: "to see the man"
Gen 44:29my gray hairThis stands for Jacob and emphasizes his old age. Alternate Translation: "me, an old man"
Gen 44:31the gray hair of your servant our fatherHere "gray hair" stands for Jacob and emphasizes his old age. Alternate Translation: "our old father"
Gen 45:12your eyes see, and the eyes of my brother BenjaminThe word "eyes" stands for the entire person. Alternate Translation: "All of you and Benjamin can see"
Gen 45:12that it is my mouth that speaks to youThe word "mouth" stands for the entire person. Alternate Translation: "that I, Joseph, am speaking to you"
Gen 45:26His heart was astonishedHere "heart" stands for the whole person. Alternate Translation: "and he was astonished" or "he was very surprised"
Gen 45:27the spirit of Jacob their father revivedThe word "spirit" stands for the whole person. Alternate Translation: "Jacob their father recovered" or "Jacob their father became very excited"
Gen 46:30since I have seen your face, that you are still aliveHere "face" stands for the entire person. Jacob was expressing joy at seeing Joseph. Alternate Translation: "since I have seen you alive again"
Gen 47:17He fed them with breadHere "bread" stands for food in general. Alternate Translation: "He gave them food" or "He provided them with food"
Gen 48:11to see your face againHere "face" stands for the whole person. Alternate Translation: "to see you again"
Gen 48:15Israel blessed JosephHere "Joseph" also stands for Ephraim and Manasseh. Since Joseph is the father, he is the only one mentioned here.
Gen 49:6O my soul ... my heartJacob uses the words "soul" and "heart" to refer to himself and is saying that other people,and perhaps God also, honor him so much that he does not wish to join with those who make plans to do evil.
Gen 49:19at their heelsHere "heels" stands for the raiders who are running away from the descendants of Gad.
Gen 49:24his hands will be skillfulHere the whole person is represented by the "hands" since they are used to hold the bow. Alternate Translation: "his arms will remain strong as he aims his bow"
Gen 50:21He comforted them in this way and spoke kindly to their heartsHere "hearts" refers to the brothers. Alternate Translation: "He comforted them by speaking kindly to them"
Exo 4:21will harden his heartHere "heart" refers to Pharaoh. His stubborn attitude is spoken of as if his heart was hard. Alternate Translation: "will cause Pharaoh to be stubborn"
Exo 7:3harden Pharaoh's heartHere "heart" refers to Pharaoh. His stubborn attitude is spoken of as if his heart was hard. See how you translated this in [Exodus 4:21](../04/21.md). Alternate Translation: "will cause Pharaoh to be stubborn"
Exo 7:13Pharaoh's heart was hardenedHere "heart" refers to Pharaoh. His stubborn attitude is spoken of as if his heart was hard. Alternate Translation: "Pharaoh became more defiant"
Exo 7:14Pharaoh's heart is hardHere "heart" refers to Pharaoh. His stubborn attitude is spoken of as if his heart was hard. See how you translated this in [Exodus 7:13](./13.md). Alternate Translation: "Pharaoh is stubborn"
Exo 7:22Pharaoh's heart was hardenedHere "heart" refers to Pharaoh. His stubborn attitude is spoken of as if his heart was hard. See how you translated this in [Exodus 7:13](./13.md). Alternate Translation: "Pharaoh became more defiant"
Exo 8:19Pharaoh's heart was hardenedHere "heart" refers to Pharaoh. See how you translated this in [Exodus 7:13](../07/13.md). Alternate Translation: "Pharaoh became more defiant"
Exo 8:32Pharaoh hardened his heartHere "heart" refers to Pharaoh. See how you translated this in [Exodus 7:13](../07/13.md). Alternate Translation: "Pharaoh became more defiant"
Exo 9:7his heart was stubbornHere "heart" refers to Pharaoh. Alternate Translation: "he refused to change his mind"
Exo 9:12Yahweh hardened Pharaoh's heartHere "heart" refers to Pharaoh. His stubborn attitude is spoken of as if his heart was hard. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Exodus 7:13](../07/13.md). Alternate Translation: "Yahweh caused Pharaoh to became more defiant"(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
Exo 9:34hardened his heartHere "heart" refers to Pharaoh. His stubborn attitude is spoken of as if his heart was hard. Alternate Translation: "became more defiant"
Exo 9:35Pharaoh's heart was hardenedHere "heart" refers to Pharaoh. His stubborn attitude is spoken of as if his heart was hard. See how you translated this in [Exodus 7:13](../07/13.md). Alternate Translation: "Pharaoh became more defiant"
Exo 10:20Yahweh hardened Pharaoh's heartHere "heart" refers to Pharaoh. His stubborn attitude is spoken of as if his heart was hard. See how you translated this phrase in [Exodus 9:12](../09/12.md). Alternate Translation: "caused Pharaoh to became more defiant"
Exo 10:26not a hoof of them may be left behindHere the word "hoof" refers to the entire animal. This can be stated in active form. Alternate Translation: "we cannot leave behind a single animal"
Exo 10:27Yahweh hardened Pharaoh's heartHere "heart" refers to Pharaoh. His stubborn attitude is spoken of as if his heart was hard. See how you translated this phrase in [Exodus 9:12](../09/12.md). Alternate Translation: "caused Pharaoh to became more defiant"
Exo 10:28you see my faceHere the word "face" refers to the whole person. Alternate Translation: "you see me"
Exo 11:10Yahweh hardened Pharaoh's heartHere "heart" refers to Pharaoh. His stubborn attitude is spoken of as if his heart was hard. See how you translated this phrase in [Exodus 9:12](../09/12.md). Alternate Translation: "Yahweh caused Pharaoh to became more defiant"
Exo 12:23pass over your doorHere the word "door" implies the entire house. This means that God will spare the Israelites in houses with blood on the doors. Alternate Translation: "pass over your house"
Exo 14:4I will harden Pharaoh's heartHere "heart" refers to the Pharaoh. His stubborn attitude is spoken of as if his heart was hard. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Exodus 9:12](../09/12.md). Alternate Translation: "I will cause Pharaoh to became more defiant"
Exo 14:8Yahweh hardened the heart of PharaohHere "heart" refers to the Pharaoh. His stubborn attitude is spoken of as if his heart was hard. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Exodus 9:12](../09/12.md). Alternate Translation: "Yahweh caused Pharaoh to became more defiant"
Exo 14:10When Pharaoh came closeThe word "Pharaoh" here represents the entire Egyptian army. Alternate Translation: "When Pharaoh and his army came close"
Exo 14:17I will harden the Egyptians' heartsHere "hearts" refers to the Egyptians themselves. Their stubborn attitude is spoken of as if their hearts were hard. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Exodus 9:12](../09/12.md). Alternate Translation: "I will cause the Egyptians to became more defiant"
Exo 17:10So Joshua fought AmalekJoshua represents himself and the Israelites that he led into battle. Alternate Translation: "So Joshua and the men he chose fought against the Amalekites"
Exo 17:11Israel was winning ... Amalek would begin to winThe words "Israel" and "Amalek" represent the fighters from those groups. Alternate Translation: "the Israelite fighters were winning ... the Amalekite fighters would begin to win"
Exo 35:5all of you who have a willing heartHere "heart" refers to the person bringing the offering. Alternate Translation: "everyone who is willing"
Exo 35:21whose heart stirred him upHere "heart" refers to the person. The heart that responded to God is spoken of as if it were water stirred up by a storm. Alternate Translation: "who responded to God"
Exo 35:21whom his spirit made willingHere "spirit" refers to the person. Alternate Translation: "who was willing" or "who wanted to"
Exo 35:22all who had a willing heartHere "heart" refers to the person. Alternate Translation: "everyone who was willing"
Exo 35:26whose hearts stirred them upHere "hearts" refers to the women. The hearts of the women who responded to God are spoken of as if they were water stirred up by a storm. Alternate Translation: "who responded to God"
Exo 35:29whose heart was willingHere "heart" refers to the people. Alternate Translation: "who was willing"
Exo 35:34He has put it in his heart to teachHere "heart" refers to Bezalel. The ability to teach is spoken of as if it something that could be placed in a heart. Alternate Translation: "He gave Bezalel the ability to teach"
Exo 36:2in whose mind Yahweh had given skillHere "mind" refers to the person who was made skillful by Yahweh. Alternate Translation: "to whom Yahweh had given skill"
Exo 36:2whose heart stirred within himHere "heart" refers to the person. The heart that responded to God is spoken of as if it were water stirred up by a storm. Alternate Translation: "who responded to God"
Lev 5:4if anyone swears rashly with his lipsHere "lips" represents the whole person. Alternate Translation: "if anyone swears rashly"
Lev 7:30his own hands must bring itHere "hands" represents the whole person. Alternate Translation: "he must bring it himself"
Lev 8:27put it all in the hands of Aaron and in the hands of his sonsHere "hands" represents the whole person. Alternate Translation: "gave it all to Aaron and his sons"
Lev 8:28from off their handsHere "hands" represents the whole person. Alternate Translation: "from Aaron and his sons"
Lev 10:6not be angry with all the assemblyHere "assembly" means the whole congregation of Israel, not just a group of leaders. Alternate Translation: "not be angry with all the people of Israel"
Lev 21:6the bread of their GodHere "bread" represents food in general. Yahweh does not actually eat these offerings. It is the sincerity of those offering the food that pleases God.
Lev 21:8for he is the one who offers bread to your GodHere "bread" represents food in general. Yahweh does not actually eat these offerings. Translate this in a way that makes it clear that Yahweh does not actually eat the food.
Lev 21:21to offer the bread of his GodHere "bread" represents food in general. Alternate Translation: "to make burnt offering of food on God's altar"
Lev 22:25must not present the bread of your GodHere "bread" represents food in general. God did not actually eat the sacrifices. Priests would offer the sacrifice on God's altar, and they would eat some of the meat. Alternate Translation: "must not present an animal as a food offering to your God"
Lev 22:25from the hand of a foreignerThe word "hand" represents the whole person. It is implied that Israelites could not use animals as a sacrifice to God if they bought it from a foreigner, because foreigners castrated their animals making them unacceptable to God. Alternate Translation: "that a foreigner has given you, because they castrate their animals"
Lev 23:39when you have gathered in the fruitsThe word "fruits" here represents various kinds of crops. Alternate Translation: "after you have gathered the crops"
Lev 24:3Outside the curtain before the covenant decreesThe phrase "covenant decrees" represents either the tablets that the decrees were written on or the box that the tablets were put in. These were kept in the very holy place, which was the room behind the curtain in the tent of meeting. Alternate Translation: "Outside the curtain that is in front of the tablets of the covenant decrees" or "Outside the curtain that is in front of the box of the covenant"
Lev 26:5will eat your bread to the fullHere bread represents food. "To the full" means until their stomachs were full of food. Alternate Translation: "will eat food until you are full" or "will have plenty of food to eat"
Lev 26:41if their uncircumcised hearts become humbledHere the term "uncircumcised hearts" refers to the whole person. Alternate Translation: "if they will be humble instead of stubbornly disobedient"
Num 1:49must not count the tribe of LeviHere the "tribe of Levi" refers to all of the men in the tribe of Levi. Alternate Translation: "must not count the men of the tribe of Levi"
Num 2:17by his bannerEach man does not have his own personal banner; rather, this refers to the banner belonging to his tribe. Alternate Translation: "by his tribe's banner"
Num 4:15to carry the holy placeHere the holy place refers to all the items that make up the holy place that Aaron and his sons covered in cloth and skins. Alternate Translation: "to carry all of the items of the holy place"
Num 7:89he heard his voice speaking to himHere "his voice" refers to Yahweh. Alternate Translation: "he heard Yahweh speaking to him"
Num 10:9When you go to war ... oppresses youYahweh is speaking to Moses and uses the word "you," but he is actually referring the people of Israel going to war. Alternate Translation: "When the people of Israel to war ... oppresses Israel"
Num 16:15I have not taken one donkey from themOne donkey here represents anything that a person my take from someone else. Alternate Translation: "I have not taken anything from them, not even one donkey"
Num 17:4the covenant decreesThe phrase "the covenant decrees" refers to the box that held the tablets that the covenant decrees were written on. Alternate Translation: "the ark of the covenant" or "the box that holds the covenant decrees"
Num 17:7the tent of the covenant decreesThe phrase "the covenant decrees" refers to the box that held the tablets that the covenant decrees were written on. Alternate Translation: "the tent of the covenant box" or "the tent that the covenant decrees are in"
Num 17:10the covenant decreesThe phrase "the covenant decrees" refers to the box that held the tablets that the covenant decrees were written on. Alternate Translation: "the ark of the covenant" or "the box that holds the covenant decrees"
Num 20:8before their eyesHere the people are represented by their "eyes" to emphasize what they see. Alternate Translation: "while they watch you"
Num 20:12in the eyes of the people of IsraelHere the people are represented by their "eyes" to emphasize what they see. Alternate Translation: "while the people of Israel were watching you"
Num 21:23he fought against IsraelHere "he" refers to King Sihon who represents himself and his army. Alternate Translation: "they fought against the Israelites"
Num 27:14before the eyes of the whole communityHere the people of the people are represented by their "eyes" to emphasize what they saw. Alternate Translation: "in front of the whole community"
Num 27:16the God of the spirits of all humanityPossible meaning are 1) here "spirits" refers to all people." Alternate Translation: "the God over all of humanity" or 2) the reference to "spirits" refers to God having given life and breath to all people. Alternate Translation: "the God who gives breath to all people" or "the God who give life to all humanity"
Num 27:19command him before their eyes to lead themHere the people are represented by their "eyes" to emphasize what they see. Alternate Translation: "in front of all of them command Joshua to lead the people of Israel"
Num 29:1It will be a day when you blow trumpetsThe word "you" refers to the people of Israel who here represent the priests. The priests blew the trumpet to begin a worship service or to gather the community together. Alternate Translation: "It will be a day when the priests blow trumpets"
Num 30:8the rash talk of her lipsThe phrase "the rash talk" refers to the rash promise that she made. Here "her lips" means the woman herself. She is referred to as "her lips" because lips are related to what she says. Alternate Translation: "the rash things she has said" or "her rash promise"
Num 32:7discourage the hearts of the people of Israel from goingHere the word "hearts" represents the people themselves and refers to the seat of their emotions. Alternate Translation: "discourage the people of Israel from going" or "cause the people of Israel to not want to go"
Num 32:9discouraged the hearts of the people of IsraelHere the word "hearts" represents the people themselves and refers to the seat of their emotions. See how you translated this in [Numbers 32:7](./07.md). Alternate Translation: "discouraged the people of Israel"
Deu 1:8fathersThe word "fathers" is a synecdoche for all ancestors. Alternate Translation: "ancestors"
Deu 1:17You will not be afraid of the face of manThe word "face" is a metonym for the whole person. "You will not" is a command. "Do not be afraid of anyone"
Deu 1:30before your eyesHere the people are represented by their "eyes" to emphasize what they saw. Alternate Translation: "which you yourselves saw"
Deu 2:7you in all the work of your handThe "work of your hand" refers to all the work they had done. Alternate Translation: "all of your work"
Deu 2:15the hand of Yahweh was againstHere "the hand of Yahweh" refers to Yahweh's power. Alternate Translation: "Yahweh used his power against" or "Yahweh punished"
Deu 2:28sell me ... I may eat ... give me ... I may drinkMoses is referring to the people of Israel as if they were Moses himself. Alternate Translation: "sell to me and my people ... we may eat ... give us ... we may drink"
Deu 3:2You will do to him as you did to SihonThe word "him" is a metonym for "his people." Alternate Translation: "You will destroy Og and his people as you did Sihon"
Deu 3:21Your eyes have seenHere "eyes" refers to Joshua. Alternate Translation: "You have seen"
Deu 4:3Your eyes have seenHere "eyes" refers to the people of Israel. Alternate Translation: "You saw"
Deu 4:9your eyes have seenHere "eyes" are a synecdoche for the person. Alternate Translation: "you have seen"
Deu 4:28the work of men's hands, wood and stoneHere "men's hands" refers the men themselves, and "the work ... wood and stone" to the idols that they have created. Alternate Translation: "the wood and stone idols that men have made"
Deu 4:33hear the voice of God speakingHere God is represented by his voice. Alternate Translation: "hear God's voice as he spoke"
Deu 4:34before your eyesHere "eyes" refer to the whole person. Alternate Translation: "in front of you"
Deu 5:1that I will speak in your ears todayHere "ears" refers to the whole person. This metaphor emphasizes that the people know what Moses has said to them, so they cannot sin and then say they did not know they were sinning. Alternate Translation: "that I will speak to you today"
Deu 5:14within your gatesHere "gates" is a reference to the city itself. Alternate Translation: "within your community" or "inside your city" or "living with you"
Deu 5:23heard the voiceThe word "voice" is a metonym for the sound of the voice or for the person who was speaking. Alternate Translation: "heard the sound of the voice" or "heard Yahweh speaking"
Deu 5:26all fleshThis represents all people or living things. Alternate Translation: "all people" or "all living beings"
Deu 6:22before our eyesHere the word "eyes" refers to the whole person. Alternate Translation: "where we could see them"
Deu 7:19that your eyes sawHere "eyes" represent the whole person. Alternate Translation: "that you saw"
Deu 8:3it is not by bread alone that people liveHere "bread" represents all food. Alternate Translation: "food is not the only thing people need so they can live"
Deu 9:17I broke them before your eyesHere "your eyes" is a synecdoche for the people of Israel. Alternate Translation: "I broke them right in front of you" or "I broke them where you could see them"
Deu 10:21which your eyes have seenHere "eyes" refers to the whole person. Alternate Translation: "which you yourselves have seen"
Deu 11:7But your eyes have seenHere "eyes" represents the whole person. Alternate Translation: "But you have seen"
Deu 11:24Every place where the sole of your foot will treadHere "the sole of your foot" represents the whole person. Alternate Translation: "Every place you go"
Deu 12:6the offerings presented by your handHere "hand" represents the whole person. Alternate Translation: "the offerings that you present"
Deu 12:7rejoice about everything that you have put your hand toHere "put your hand to" represents the whole person and work that he has done. Alternate Translation: "rejoice about all the work you have done"
Deu 12:11the offerings presented by your handHere "hand" represents the whole person. Alternate Translation: "the offerings that you present"
Deu 12:12the Levites who are within your gateHere "gates" is a reference to the city itself. Alternate Translation: "the Levites who live inside your city" or "the Levites living with you"
Deu 12:15within all your gatesHere "gates" represents the whole city. Alternate Translation: "inside your city" or "at your homes"
Deu 12:17within your gatesHere "gates" represents the whole city. Alternate Translation: "inside your city" or "at your homes"
Deu 12:17nor that of the offering you present with your handHere "hand" represents the whole person. Alternate Translation: "nor that of any offering which you bring to Yahweh"
Deu 12:18the Levite who is within your gatesHere "gate" represents the whole city Alternate Translation: "any Levite who lives inside your city"
Deu 12:18everything to which you put your handHere "put your hand to" represents the whole person and work that he has done. Alternate Translation: "rejoice about all the work you have done"
Deu 12:20as your soul desiresHere "soul" refers to the whole person. Alternate Translation: "as you want" or "as you crave"
Deu 12:21within your gatesHere "gates" represents the whole city." Alternate Translation: "inside your city" or "within your community"
Deu 12:21as your soul desiresHere "soul" refers to the whole person. Alternate Translation: "as you desire"
Deu 12:28that it may go well with you and with your children after youHere "children" means all of their descendants. Alternate Translation: "that you and your descendants may prosper"
Deu 13:8you must not permit your eye to pity himHere "your eye" refers to the whole person. Alternate Translation: "you msut not look at him with pity" or "you must not show him mercy"
Deu 13:9your hand will be the first on him to put him to deathThis means that he was to throw the first stone at the guilty person. The word "hand" represents the whole person. Alternate Translation: "you must be the first to strike him to kill him"
Deu 13:9the hand of all the peopleHere "hand" represents the whole person. Alternate Translation: "the other people will join you"
Deu 13:15with the edge of the swordHere "edge" represents the whole sword. Alternate Translation: "with your swords"
Deu 14:28within your gatesHere "gates" represents the entire city or town. Alternate Translation: "inside your city"
Deu 14:29in all the work of your hand that you doHere "hand" represents the whole person. This refers to the work that someone does. Alternate Translation: "in all the work you do"
Deu 15:7within any of your gatesHere "gates" represents the entire city or town. Alternate Translation: "within any of your towns"
Deu 15:10your heart must not be sorryHere "heart" represents the whole person. Alternate Translation: "you should not regret it" or "you should be happy"
Deu 15:10in all that you put your hand toHere "put your hand to" represents the whole person and work that he has done. Alternate Translation: "in all that you do"
Deu 15:22within your gatesHere "gates" represents the city or town. Alternate Translation: "within your community" or "inside your city"
Deu 16:5within any of your city gatesHere "gates" represents the cities or towns. Alternate Translation: "within any of your towns"
Deu 16:10with the contribution of a freewill offering from your hand that you will giveHere "hand" represents the whole person. Alternate Translation: "and you will give your free will offering"
Deu 16:11within your city gatesHere "gates" represents cities or towns. Alternate Translation: "within your towns"
Deu 16:14within your gatesHere the word "gates" represents cities or towns. Alternate Translation: "within your towns"
Deu 16:15all the work of your handsHere "hands" represents the whole person. Alternate Translation: "all the work you do"
Deu 16:18within all your city gatesHere "gates" represents a city or town. Alternate Translation: "within all your towns"
Deu 17:2within any of your city gatesHere "city gates" represents cities or towns. Alternate Translation: "living in one of your cities"
Deu 17:7The hand of the witnesses must be the first to put him to death, and afterward the hand of all the peopleHere "hand" represents the entire group of witnesses. Alternate Translation: "The witnesses themselves must be the first ones to throw stones. Then all the people will execute the person by throwing stones at him"
Deu 17:17so that his heart does not turn awayHere "heart" refers to the whole person. An Israelite king who marries foreign wives and starts to worship their false gods is spoken of as if his heart were to turn away from Yahweh. Alternate Translation: "so that they do not cause him to stop honoring Yahweh and start worshiping false gods"
Deu 17:20so that his heart is not lifted up above his brothersHere "his heart" refers to the whole person. A king becoming arrogant is spoken of as if his heart were lifted up. Alternate Translation: "so that he does not become arrogant" or "so that he does not think he is better than his fellow Israelites"
Deu 18:5him and his sons foreverHere "him" represents all the Levites. Alternate Translation: "the Levites and their descendants forever"
Deu 18:16Let us not hear again the voice of Yahweh our GodHere Yahweh is represented by his "voice" to emphasize what he says. Alternate Translation: "Let us not hear Yahweh our God speak again"
Deu 19:13Your eye must not pity himHere "your eye" represents the whole person. Alternate Translation: "Do not show him mercy" or "Do not feel sorry for him"
Deu 19:21Your eyes must not pityHere "eyes" refer to the whole person. Alternate Translation: "You must not pity him" or "You must not show him mercy"
Deu 21:7Our hands have not shed this bloodHere "hands" are a synecdoche for the whole person and "shed this blood" is a metonym for killing an innocent person. Alternate Translation: "We did not kill this innocent person"
Deu 21:7neither have our eyes seen itHere "eyes" refers to the whole person. Alternate Translation: "and we did not see anyone kill this person"
Deu 24:1if she finds no favor in his eyesHere the "eyes" represent the whole person. Alternate Translation: "if he decides that he does not like her"
Deu 24:14within your city gatesHere "city gates" mean towns or cities. Alternate Translation: "in one of your cities"
Deu 24:19in all the work of your handsHere "hands" refers to the whole person. Alternate Translation: "in all the work that you do"
Deu 25:3humiliated before your eyesHere the people are represented by their "eyes" to emphasize what they see. Alternate Translation: "humiliated, and you would all see it"
Deu 25:12your eye must have no pityHere "eye" means the whole person. Alternate Translation: "you should not feel sorry for her" or "you must not show her mercy"
Deu 26:12eat within your city gates and be filledHere "gates" means towns or cities. Alternate Translation: "so that those within your towns may have enough food to eat"
Deu 28:12all the work of your handThe word "hand" is a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate Translation: "all the work that you do"
Deu 28:32your eyes will look for them the entire day, but will fail with longing for themHere "your eyes" refers to the whole person. Alternate Translation: "you will grow tired as you constantly watch for them and long to see them again"
Deu 28:52you in all your city gatesHere the phrase "city gates" represents a city. Alternate Translation: "your cities"
Deu 28:55all your city gatesHere "city gates" represents the cities themselves. Alternate Translation: "all your cities"
Deu 28:57within your city gatesHere "city gates" represents the cities themselves. Alternate Translation: "within your cities"
Deu 28:65there will be no rest for the bottoms of your feetHere the phrase "the bottoms of your feet" refer to the whole person. Alternate Translation: "you will have to continually wander because you have no permanent home where you can rest"
Deu 28:67the things your eyes will have to seeHere "eyes" refers to the whole person. Alternate Translation: "the terrifying things I will force you to see"
Deu 29:2You have seen everything that Yahweh did before your eyesYahweh expected them to remember what Yahweh had done and they had seen it. Here the "eyes" represent the whole person and emphasize what the person has seen. Alternate Translation: "You have seen all that Yahweh did so that you would see and remember what he did"
Deu 29:3the great sufferings that your eyes sawHere "eyes" emphasizes that Yahweh expected them to remember that they had seen it. Alternate Translation: "you saw for yourselves that the people suffered terribly"
Deu 29:18whose heart is turning away today from Yahweh our GodHere "heart" refers to the whole person, and "turning away" means to stop obeying. Alternate Translation: "who no longer obeys Yahweh our God"
Deu 30:9the work of your handHere "hand" refers to the whole person. Alternate Translation: "in all the work you do"
Deu 30:17if your heart turns away ... but instead are drawn away and bow down to other gods and worship themHere "heart" refers to the whole person. This can be stated in active form. Alternate Translation: "if you stop being loyal to God ... and the people living in the land convince you to bow down and worship other gods"
Deu 31:4he did to Sihon and to Og, the kings of the AmoritesHere "Sihon" and "Og" refer to two Kings of the Amorites and their armies. See how you translated these names in [Deuteronomy 1:4](../01/04.md). Alternate Translation: "he did to Sihon and Og, the kings of the Amorites, and to their armies"
Deu 31:12your foreigner who is within your city gatesHere "city gates" represents the cities themselves. Moses speaks to the Israelites as if they were one man, so the instances of "your" here are singular. Alternate Translation: "your foreigners who live in your cities"
Deu 31:28so that I may speak these words in their earsHere "in their ears" means the people themselves. Alternate Translation: "so that I may speak the words of this song to them"
Deu 31:29through the work of your handsHere "your hands" means the people themselves. Alternate Translation: "because of what you have made"
Deu 31:30Moses recited in the ears of all the assembly of IsraelHere "ears" refers to the whole person. Alternate Translation: "Moses recited to all the people of Israel"
Deu 32:24I will send on them the teeth of wild animals, with the poison of things that crawl in the dustThe teeth and the poison are synecdoches for the animals that use these things to kill. Alternate Translation: "I will send wild animals to bite them, and things that crawl in the dust to bite and poison them"
Deu 32:41when my hand begins to bring justiceHere "hand" represents the whole person. Alternate Translation: "when I get ready to judge the wicked"
Deu 32:44in the ears of the peopleHere "ears" represents the people themselves and emphasizes that Moses wanted to make sure they heard the song clearly. Alternate Translation: "to the people so they would be sure to hear it"
Deu 33:11the work of his handsHere the word "hands" refers to the whole person. Alternate Translation: "all the work that he does"
Deu 33:16come on the head of Joseph, and on the top of the head of himHere "head" and "top of the head" represent the whole person. Also, Joseph represents his descendants. Alternate Translation: "be upon the descendants of Joseph"
Jos 3:15edge of the waterThis can refer to the surface of the water as well as the bank where the water flows to dry land.
Jos 7:5The hearts of the people meltedHere the people are represented by their "hearts" to emphasize their emotions. Alternate Translation: "The people were very afraid"
Jos 9:6men of IsraelThis refers to the entire nation of Israel.
Jos 9:11in your handThis phrase means "take with you." Here the word "hand" represents the possession by the Gibeonites of the provisions.
Jos 10:9Joshua cameThe entire army of Israel is referred to here by the name of their commander, Joshua.
Jos 10:24every man of IsraelHere the men of Israel represent only those who were soldiers.
Jos 10:42Joshua capturedHere Joshua represents his whole army. Alternate Translation: "Joshua and his soldiers captured"
Jos 11:11he set them apart to be destroyedThe word "he" refers to Joshua and represents himself and his army. Completely destroying every living thing in the city is spoken of as if those living things were dedicated for destruction. Alternate Translation: "the army completely destroyed them"
Jos 13:12Moses struck themHere "Moses" represents himself and the Israelite army that Moses led. Alternate Translation: "Moses and the Israelites attacked them"
Jos 14:2by the hand of MosesHere the word "hand" refers to Moses himself and means that Yahweh used Moses as the agent to deliver his command. Alternate Translation: "through Moses"
Jos 14:9the land on which your foot has walkedHere "your foot" represents Caleb. Alternate Translation: "the land on which you have walked"
Jos 22:5with all your heart and with all your soulThe terms "heart" and "soul" are here used together to refer to the entire person. Alternate Translation: "with all you think and feel" or "with your entire being"
Jdg 1:2Judah will attackHere "Judah" represents the men of the tribe of Judah. Yahweh is commanding these men to attack first. Alternate Translation: "The men of Judah must attack first"
Jdg 1:5they fought against himHere "him" actually refers to Adoni-Bezek and his army. Alternate Translation: "they fought against him and his army"
Jdg 1:8with the edge of the swordwith the point of the sword. Here "sword" represents the swords and other weapons that the soldiers used in battle. Alternate Translation: "with their swords" or "with their weapons"
Jdg 1:20three sons of AnakThe leaders of the people groups are used to refer to the entire group. Alternate Translation: "three sons of Anak and their people"
Jdg 1:25with the edge of the swordwith the point of the sword. Here "sword" represents the swords and other weapons that the soldiers used in battle. Alternate Translation: "with their swords" or "with their weapons"
Jdg 3:3the five kingsThese five kings represent themselves and their people. Alternate Translation: "the five kings and their people"
Jdg 3:10he went out to warHere "he" refers to Othniel who represents himself and the army of Israel. Alternate Translation: "Othniel and the Israelite soldiers went to fight against the army of Cushan-Rishathaim"
Jdg 3:10Yahweh gave him victory over Cushan-Rishathaim king of AramHere "Cushan-Rishathaim" represents his army. Alternate Translation: "Yahweh helped the Israelite army defeat the army of Cushan-Rishathaim king of Aram"
Jdg 3:12to Eglon king of Moab to overpower the IsraelitesHere "Eglon king of Moab" represents himself and his army. Alternate Translation: "to Eglon king of Moab and his soldiers as they attacked the Israelite army"
Jdg 4:7draw out SiseraHere "Sisera" represents himself and his army. Alternate Translation: "draw out Sisera and his army"
Jdg 4:16Barak pursuedHere "Barak" represents himself and his army. Alternate Translation: "Barak and his soldiers chased"
Jdg 4:16the whole army of Sisera was killed by the edge of the swordHere "sword" represents the swords and other weapons that the soldiers used in battle. This can be stated in active form. Alternate Translation: "Barak and his soldiers killed Sisera's whole army with their swords"
Jdg 4:24they destroyed himHere "him" refers to Jabin who represents himself and his army. Alternate Translation: "they destroyed Jabin and his army"
Jdg 5:8there was fighting at the city gatesHere "gates" represents the entire city. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "enemies attacked the people within the Israelite cities"
Jdg 5:11Hear the voices of thoseHere "voices" represents the people singing. Alternate Translation: "Listen to those"
Jdg 5:11went down to the city gatesHere "gates" represents the whole city. Alternate Translation: "returned to their cities"
Jdg 5:19The kings came, they fought ... the kings of Canaan foughtThe king of a people group is used to refer to himself and the army he commands. Alternate Translation: "The kings and their armies came and fought ... the kings of Canaan and their armies fought"
Jdg 5:19no silver as plunderHere "silver" represents any treasure in general. Alternate Translation: "no silver or other treasures as plunder"
Jdg 5:20against SiseraHere "Sisera" represents himself and his whole army. Alternate Translation: "Sisera and his army"
Jdg 5:21March on my soul, be strongHere "soul" refers to the whole person. The word "my" refers to Deborah. Alternate Translation: "I tell myself to march on and to be strong"
Jdg 5:30A womb, two wombs for every manHere "womb" represents a woman. Sisera's mother believes Sisera's men have captured many women. Alternate Translation: "Each soldier will receive a woman or two"
Jdg 5:30for the necks of those who plunderHere "necks" represents Sisera's soldiers. Alternate Translation: "for the soldiers who plunder to wear"
Jdg 7:3proclaim in the ears of the peopleHere "the ears" refers to the whole person. Alternate Translation: "proclaim to the people"
Jdg 8:6Are the hands of Zebah and ZalmunnaHere "hands" refer to the whole body.
Jdg 8:8He went up from thereHere "He" refers to Gideon. Gideon represents himself and the soldiers following him. Alternate Translation: "They left there" or "Gideon and his 300 men left there"
Jdg 8:9I will pull down this towerHere "I" refers to Gideon and represents himself and his men. Alternate Translation: "My men and I will pull down this tower"
Jdg 8:11Gideon went upHere "Gideon" represents himself and all of his soldiers. Alternate Translation: "Gideon and his soldiers went up"
Jdg 8:11He defeatedHere "He" refers to Gideon and represents himself and all of his soldiers. Alternate Translation: "Gideon and his soldiers defeated"
Jdg 8:16Gideon took ... he punished ... he pulledHere "Gideon" represents himself and his soldiers. Alternate Translation: "Gideon and his soldiers took ... they punished ... they pulled"
Jdg 8:17Gideon took ... he punished ... he pulledHere "Gideon" represents himself and his soldiers. Alternate Translation: "Gideon and his soldiers took ... they punished ... they pulled"
Jdg 9:43he attackedHere "he" refers to Abimelech who represents himself and all of his soldiers. Alternate Translation: "they attacked"
Jdg 9:45Abimelech fought ... He tore downHere "Abimelech" represents himself and his soldiers. Alternate Translation: "Abimelech and his soldiers fought ... They tore down"
Jdg 11:12Why have you come with force to take our landThe word "you" refers to the King of Ammon and represents himself and his soldiers. Alternate Translation: "Why have your soldiers come to seize our land"
Jdg 11:17When Israel sent messengersThe messengers were sent by the leaders of Israel. Alternate Translation: "When the leaders of Israel sent messengers"
Jdg 11:19Israel sent messengers to SihonThe messengers were sent by the leaders of Israel. Alternate Translation: "When the leaders of Israel sent messengers"
Jdg 11:20there he foughtThe word "he" refers to Sihon and represents himself and his army. Alternate Translation: "there they fought" or "there his army fought"
Jdg 11:27I have not done you wrong, but you are doing me wrong by attacking meJephthah is speaking to the Sihon. Here Jephthah speaks about the Israelites as though they were himself and of the Ammonites as if they were Sihon their king. Alternate Translation: "The Israelites have not done wrong to your people, but your people are doing us wrong by attacking us"
Jdg 11:32So Jephthah passed through ... Yahweh gave him victory ... He attackedSince Jephthah was the leader of his army, he and his army are often spoken of as Jephthah himself. Alternate Translation: "So Jephthah and his army passed through ... Yahweh gave them victory ... they attacked"
Jdg 11:33So Jephthah passed through ... Yahweh gave him victory ... He attackedSince Jephthah was the leader of his army, he and his army are often spoken of as Jephthah himself. Alternate Translation: "So Jephthah and his army passed through ... Yahweh gave them victory ... they attacked"
Jdg 12:2did not rescue meJephthah uses the word "me" to refer to himself and all the people of Gilead. Alternate Translation: "do not rescue us"
Jdg 12:4he fought against EphraimThe word "he" refers to Jephthah and all the fighting men of Gilead. Alternate Translation: "they fought against Ephraim"
Jdg 15:8he cut them to pieces, hip and thighHere "hip and thigh" refers to the whole body. This is a graphic description of how Samson killed the Philistines. Alternate Translation: "He cut their bodies to pieces"
Jdg 16:24who killed many of usHere the word "us" refers to the Philistine people. Those who are talking are not counting themselves among the people whom Samson killed. Alternate Translation: "who killed many of our people"
Jdg 18:20The priest's heart was gladHere the priest is referred to by his "heart" to emphasize his emotions. Alternate Translation: "The priest was glad"
Jdg 18:27with the edge of the swordwith their swords. Here "the sword" represents the swords and other weapons that the soldiers used in battle.
Jdg 19:5Strengthen yourself with a bit of breadHere "bread" refers to "food." Alternate Translation: "Eat some food so you will be strong enough to travel"
Jdg 19:18will take meHere the Levite says "me," but he is actually referring to himself along with his servant and his concubine. Alternate Translation: "will take us"
Jdg 21:18a wife to BenjaminHere Benjamin refers to the male descendants of Benjamin. Alternate Translation: "a wife to the men of Benjamin"
Rut 3:7his heart was merryHere Boaz is referred to by his heart. It does not imply Boaz was overly drunk. Alternate Translation: "he was satisfied" or "he was in a good mood"
Rut 4:5from the hand of NaomiHere the word "hand" represents Naomi, who owns the field. Alternate Translation: "from Naomi"
Rut 4:9from the hand of NaomiThe hand of Naomi represents Naomi. She was responsible for the money exchange. Alternate Translation: "from Naomi"
1Sa 1:18ate; her face wasHere "her face" represents Hannah herself. You can make this a separate sentence, if needed. Alternate Translation: "ate. She was" or "ate. People could see that she was"
1Sa 1:28he worshiped YahwehPossible meanings: 1) "He" refers to Elkanah or 2) "he" is a synecdoche referring to both Elkanah and his family. Alternate Translation: "Elkanah and his family"
1Sa 2:25the voice of their fatherHere the father's "voice" represents the father. Alternate Translation: "their father" or "what their father said"
1Sa 2:36so I can eat a piece of breadHere "piece of bread" is used for "food. "AT: "so I can have something to eat"
1Sa 8:21he repeated them in the ears of YahwehHere "the ears of Yahweh" refers to Yahweh. Samuel prayed to Yahweh repeating all that the people said. Alternate Translation: "he repeated them to Yahweh"
1Sa 10:4take from their handsThe hands are a synecdoche for the person. "take from them" or "accept"
1Sa 12:16before your eyesThe word "eyes" here represents the people of the nation of Israel. Alternate Translation: "out in the open where all of the nation of Israel may see"
1Sa 15:8he took AgagHere Saul represents himself accompanied by his army. Alternate Translation: "Saul and his army took Agag" or "Saul and his army captured Agag"
1Sa 15:8he completely destroyed all the people with the edge of the swordThe "edge of the sword" represents the swords and other weapons that soldiers used in battle. Here Saul represents himself accompanied by his army. Alternate Translation: "they completely destroyed all of the people with their swords" or "they killed all of the people with their swords"
1Sa 18:1Jonathan loved him as his own soulHere "loved" refers to the love between friends, not romantic love. The word "soul" represents the person or the person's life. Alternate Translation: "Jonathan loved David as much as he loved himself" or "Jonathan loved David as he loved his own life"
1Sa 18:3Jonathan loved him as his own soulHere "loved" refers to the love between friends, not romantic love. The word "soul" represents the person or the person's life. See how you translated this in [1 Samuel 18:1](./01.md). Alternate Translation: "Jonathan loved David as much as he loved himself" or "Jonathan loved David as he loved his own life"
1Sa 20:16May Yahweh require an accounting from the hand of the enemies of DavidThe hand is a synecdoche for the person. Possible meanings are 1) "May Yahweh use David's enemies to punish David if David breaks this promise" or 2) "May Yahweh destroy the enemies of David."
1Sa 20:17he loved him as he loved his own soulHere "his own soul" refers to himself. Alternate Translation: "Jonathan loved David as much as he loved himself"
1Sa 21:13in their handsHere "hands" are a synecdoche for the person. Alternate Translation: "in their presence"
1Sa 22:17their hand also is with DavidThe word "hand" is a metonym for the work done with the hand. Alternate Translation: "they also help David"
1Sa 23:5went ... fought ... led ... struck ... savedThe writer pays the most attention to David, so these words are all singular, though David's men helped him do all these things.
1Sa 24:10your eyes have seenHere "your eyes" represent King Saul. Alternate Translation: "you have seen with your own eyes"
1Sa 25:39on his own headThe head is a synecdoche for the person. Alternate Translation: "on him"
1Sa 27:1David said in his heartHere "his heart" is a metonym that means to himself. Alternate Translation: "David thought to himself"
1Sa 27:1escape out of his handThe word "hand" is a synecdoche for the person. Alternate Translation: "escape from him"
1Sa 28:5he was afraid, and his heart trembled very muchThese two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize the intensity of his fear. Here Saul is referred to by his "heart." Alternate Translation: "he was terrified"
1Sa 28:9my lifeThe word "life" represents the person. Alternate Translation: "me"
1Sa 29:4He will not go down with us into battleThe person here is a synecdoche for the army he commands. Alternate Translation: "Do not let his army join with our army against our enemies"
1Sa 30:6all the people were bitter in spiritThe word "bitter" is a metaphor for the desire to rebel. The word "spirit" is a synecdoche for the person. Alternate Translation: "all the people were ready to rebel against David" or "all the people were very unhappy"
2Sa 1:16your own mouth has testified against youHere "your own mouth" refers to the man himself. Alternate Translation: "you have testified against yourself"
2Sa 2:7let your hands be strongHere "hands" refers to the people of Jabesh Gilead. Alternate Translation: "be strong"
2Sa 2:28did not pursue IsraelHere "Israel" refers to the Israelite soldiers. Alternate Translation: "did not continue to chase the Israelite soldiers"
2Sa 3:13you cannot see my face unless you first bring MichalDavid is stating the condition under which he will meet Abner. Here "face" refers to David himself. Alternate Translation: "you cannot see me unless you bring Michal to me first"
2Sa 4:1his hands became weakIn this phrase "his hands" represents Ishbosheth. Alternate Translation: "Ishbosheth became weak" or "Ishbosheth lost all strength"
2Sa 4:9who delivered my lifeHere "life" refers to David himself. This means that Yahweh has kept David alive. Alternate Translation: "who rescued me"
2Sa 6:20before the eyes of the slave girlsHere "eyes of the slave girls" represents the slave girls. Alternate Translation: "in front of the slave girls"
2Sa 8:1David attackedHere David represents his soldiers. Alternate Translation: "David and his soldiers attacked"
2Sa 8:2Then he defeatedHere "he" refers to David who represents his soldiers. Alternate Translation: "Then they defeated"
2Sa 8:3David then defeated HadadezerHere both "David" and "Hadadezer" represent their armies. Alternate Translation: "David and his army then defeated the army of Hadadezer"
2Sa 8:5David killedHere David represents his soldiers. Alternate Translation: "David and his soldiers killed"
2Sa 8:9David had defeatedHere "David" represents his army. Alternate Translation: "David's army had defeated"
2Sa 10:11for me, then you, Abishai, must rescue meHere "me" refers to Joab. Joab and Abishai represents themselves and their armies. Alternate Translation: "for us, then you, Abishai, and your army must rescue us"
2Sa 10:14from AbishaiHere Abishai represents himself and his soldiers. Alternate Translation: "from Abishai and his soldiers"
2Sa 10:17against David and fought himHere David represents himself and his soldiers. Alternate Translation: "against David and his soldiers and fought them"
2Sa 10:18David killedHere David represents himself and his soldiers. Alternate Translation: "David and his soldiers killed"
2Sa 11:11Israel and JudahThis refers to their armies. Alternate Translation: "the armies of Israel and Judah"
2Sa 11:14sent it by the hand of UriahThe phrase "the hand of Uriah" refers to Uriah himself. Alternate Translation: "sent Uriah himself to deliver it to him"
2Sa 12:11Before your own eyesHere David is referred to by his eyes to emphasize what he would see. Alternate Translation: "While you are watching"
2Sa 12:18he did not listen to our voiceThe servants are referred to here by their voices to emphasize that they were speaking. Alternate Translation: "he did not listen to us"
2Sa 12:26Joab fought ... he capturedHere the author says "Joab" but he is referring to Joab and his soldiers who fought with him. Alternate Translation: "Joab and his soldiers fought ... they captured"
2Sa 12:27I have fought ... I have taken ... if I takeHere Joab speaks of himself when he is actually referring to himself and his soldiers. Alternate Translation: "My soldiers and I have fought ... my soldier and I have taken ... if my soldiers and I take"
2Sa 12:28I have fought ... I have taken ... if I takeHere Joab speaks of himself when he is actually referring to himself and his soldiers. Alternate Translation: "My soldiers and I have fought ... my soldier and I have taken ... if my soldiers and I take"
2Sa 12:29he foughtHere the author speaks of David when he is actually referring to David and his soldiers. Alternate Translation: "David and his soldiers fought"
2Sa 13:27all the king's sonsThis does not include Absalom and Amnon who is dead. It includes the rest of the sons that the king allowed to go to the celebration. Alternate Translation: "the rest of the king's sons"
2Sa 13:39The mind of King David longedHere David is referred to by his mind to emphasize his thoughts. Alternate Translation: "King David longed"
2Sa 14:10says anything to youHere speaking threats is spoken of as speaking in general. Alternate Translation: "threatens you" or "speaks threats to you"
2Sa 14:24but he may not see my face ... the king's faceHere the word "face" refers to the king himself. Alternate Translation: "but he may not see me ... the king"
2Sa 14:28the king's faceHere "the king's face" refers to the king himself. Alternate Translation: "the king"
2Sa 14:32the king's faceHere "king's face" refers to the king himself. Alternate Translation: "the king"
2Sa 15:13The hearts of the men of Israel are following afterHere the men are referred to by their "hearts" to emphasize their loyalty to Absalom. Alternate Translation: "The men of Israel are loyal to" or "The men of Israel are following after"
2Sa 15:14escape from Absalom ... he will quickly ... and he will bringHere David speaks of Absalom and the men with him as "Absalom" himself because the men are following Absalom's authority. Alternate Translation: "escape from Absalom and his men ... he and his men will quickly ... and they will bring"
2Sa 15:36by their handThe phrase "their hand" refers to the sons and means that they were to serve as messengers. Alternate Translation: "their sons to tell me"
2Sa 16:21Then the hands of all who are with you will be strongHere the people who followed Absalom are referred to by their hands. The news will strengthen the peoples' loyalty to Absalom and encourage them. This can be stated clearly. Alternate Translation: "The news of this will strengthen the loyalty of all who follow you"
2Sa 16:23as if a man heard from the mouth of God himselfHere God's mouth represents himself and emphasizes his speech. Alternate Translation: "as if God had said it with his own mouth" or "as if a man heard it spoken by God himself"
2Sa 17:10whose hearts are like the heart of a lionHere the soldiers are refers to by their "hearts." Also, their strong bravery is compared to that of a lion's. Alternate Translation: "who are as brave as lions" or "who are very brave"
2Sa 17:13then all IsraelThis refers to Israel's soldiers, not to all of Israel. Alternate Translation: "then all of our soldiers"
2Sa 18:6against IsraelHere "Israel" refers to their soldiers, not all of the Israelites. Alternate Translation: "against the Israelite soldiers"
2Sa 18:14heart of AbsalomHere Absalom's heart refers to his chest or upper body. Alternate Translation: "chest"
2Sa 18:15armorThis refers to both the armor he would wear to protect himself and to his weapons. Alternate Translation: "armor and weapons"
2Sa 18:16returned from pursuing IsraelHere "Israel" refers to the Israelite army. Alternate Translation: "returned from pursuing the Israelite army"
2Sa 18:17while all Israel fledHere "all Israel" refers to the Israelite soldiers. The word "fled" means "ran away." Alternate Translation: "while all the Israelite soldiers ran away"
2Sa 19:5You have shamed the faces of all your soldiers todayHere the soldiers are referred to by their face to emphasize how they would have hid their faces because of their shame" Alternate Translation: "You have caused all your soldiers to hide their faces in shame today" or "You have caused all of your soldiers to be ashamed today"
2Sa 19:8So Israel fled, every man to his homeHere "Israel" refers to the Israelite soldiers who followed Absalom. Alternate Translation: "And every Israelite soldier fled to his own home" or "And all of the Israelite soldiers fled to their homes"
2Sa 20:14Sheba passed throughHere "Sheba" refers to both him and his army. Alternate Translation: "Sheba and his army" or "Sheba and his men"
2Sa 20:21I will withdraw from the cityHere the "I" refers to both Joab and his soldiers. Alternate Translation: "We will withdraw from the city"
2Sa 21:1sought the face of YahwehHere "face" is a synecdoche for Yahweh's presence. This means David prayed to Yahweh for an answer about the famine.
2Sa 22:35my hands ... and my armsBoth of these refer to David.
2Sa 22:37You have made a wide place for my feet beneath meYahweh has put David in a safe place where his enemies cannot trap him. Here he refers to himself by his "feet" to emphasize his ability to stand securely.
2Sa 24:4the king's wordThis phrase represents the king's command to them. Alternate Translation: "what the king had commanded"
1Ki 1:20the eyes of all Israel are on you, waitingHere "eyes" refers to the people. Here "the eyes ... are on you" is an idiom that means the people are waiting expectantly. Alternate Translation: "all the people of Israel are waiting expectantly"
1Ki 2:44will return your wickedness on your own headHere the head represents the person, and wickedness is spoken of as if it were a solid or liquid that could be put on a person's head. Alternate Translation: "will hold you responsible for all your wickedness"
1Ki 8:32upon his own headHere "head" refers to the whole person. Alternate Translation: "on him"
1Ki 8:52May your eyes be openThe eye is a synecdoche for the person. Alternate Translation: "Please pay attention"
1Ki 9:3My eyes and my heart will be thereThe eyes and heart are synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate Translation: "I will protect and care for it"
1Ki 9:10Solomon had finished buildingIt might be best to translate so that the reader understands that other people helped Solomon do this.
1Ki 9:17So Solomon rebuilt GezerIt might be best to translate so that the reader understands that other people helped Solomon do this.
1Ki 9:26King Solomon builtIt might be best to translate so that the reader understands that other people helped Solomon do this.
1Ki 10:12The king madeIt might be best to translate so that the reader understands that other people helped Solomon do this. Alternate Translation: "The king told his people to make"
1Ki 10:16King Solomon madeIt might be best to translate so that the reader understands that other people helped Solomon do this. Alternate Translation: "King Solomon's men made"
1Ki 10:17He also madeIt might be best to translate so that the reader understands that other people helped Solomon do this. Alternate Translation: "The king's men also made"
1Ki 10:18the king madeIt might be best to translate so that the reader understands that other people helped the king do this. Alternate Translation: "the king's men made"
1Ki 11:16Joab and all IsraelThe words "all Israel" refer to the army of Israel. Alternate Translation: "Joab and all of the Israelite army"
1Ki 11:24when David defeatedHere "David" refers to David and his army. Alternate Translation: "when David's army overcame"
1Ki 12:1all Israel was comingHere "Israel" represents all the men of Israel capable of fighting. Here "all Israel" is a generalization which means almost all the men of Israel. Alternate Translation: "all the men of Israel were coming"
1Ki 12:16all IsraelHere "Israel" represents all he men of Israel capable of fighting. "All Israel" is a generalization which means almost all the men of Israel. Alternate Translation: "all the men of Israel"
1Ki 12:20when all Israel heardAll Israel here is a generalization that means the capable men of Israel who represent the rest of the people by a synecdoche. Alternate Translation: "when all the leaders of Israel heard"
1Ki 13:31Lay my bones beside his bonesHere "my bones" represents his entire body. Alternate Translation: "Lay my dead body beside his bones"
1Ki 14:12when your feet enter the cityThe word "feet" here is a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate Translation: "when you enter the city"
1Ki 14:25Shishak king of Egypt came up against JerusalemShishak king of Egypt represents himself along with the Egyptian army. Alternate Translation: "Shishak king of Egypt, and his army with him, came up against Jerusalem"
1Ki 14:26He tookThe word "He" represents Shishak and the soldiers who were with him. Alternate Translation: "Shishak and his army took"
1Ki 14:30warfare between Rehoboam and JeroboamThe names of the kings represent themselves and their armies. Alternate Translation: "the armies of Rehoboam and Jeroboam fought in battle again and again" or "Rehoboam and his people and Jeroboam and his people engaged in battle continually"
1Ki 15:3his heart was not devoted ... as the heart of DavidThe heart represents the whole person. Alternate Translation: "Abijah was not devoted ... as David"
1Ki 15:6between Rehoboam and JeroboamThese kings represent themselves and their armies. Rehoboam was Abijah's father. Alternate Translation: "between the armies of Rehoboam and Jeroboam"
1Ki 15:7between Abijah and JeroboamThe names "Abijah" and "Jeroboam" represent the kings and their armies. Alternate Translation: "between the armies of Abijah and Jeroboam"
1Ki 15:14Asa's heart was completely devotedThe heart represents the person. Alternate Translation: "Asa was completely devoted"
1Ki 15:27Nadab and all IsraelThe phrase all Israel" is a generalization that represents the many soldiers of Israel. Alternate Translation: "Nadab and the many soldiers of Israel" or "Nadab and the army of Israel"
1Ki 16:7with the work of his handsHere Basha is represented by his "hands." This speaks of all of his actions as his "work." Alternate Translation: "by the things Baasha had done"
1Ki 16:16all IsraelBoth times this phrase is used, it represents the army of Israel. Here the word "all" is a generalization meaning "most." Alternate Translation: "all the army of Israel" or "most of the soldiers in the army of Israel" or "the army of Israel"
1Ki 18:6Ahab went one way by himself and Obadiah went another wayThe phrase "by himself" emphasizes that Ahab and Obadiah went in separate directions, not necessarily that no one was with Ahab. Alternate Translation: "Ahab lead a team in one direction and Obadiah lead a team in the other direction"
1Ki 18:20sent word to ... and gatheredWord represents Ahab's message and is also a metonym for the messenger who delivered the message. This is a common statement used with the meaning understood. Alternate Translation: "sent a message to ... and gathered" or "sent a messenger to summon ... to gather"
1Ki 20:6whatever pleases their eyesHere the "eyes" represent the whole person and emphasize them looking at something and desiring it. Alternate Translation: "whatever pleases them"
1Ki 20:20Israel pursued themIsrael is synecdoche for all the soldiers of the nation of Israel. Alternate Translation: "the men of the army of Israel pursued them"
1Ki 20:21the king of Israel went out and attackedThe king is synecdoche for the king and all the soldiers serving under him. Alternate Translation: "The king of Israel and his soldiers went out and attacked"
1Ki 20:26to fight against IsraelIsrael represents the army of Israel. Alternate Translation: "to fight against the army of Israel"
1Ki 21:1king of SamariaSamaria was the capital city of the kingdom of Israel and here represents the entire nation. Alternate Translation: "king of Israel"
1Ki 21:5Why is your heart so sadHere "heart" refers to the entire person and his emotions. Alternate Translation: "Why are you so sad"
1Ki 21:7let your heart be happyHere "heart" refers to the entire person and his emotions. Alternate Translation: "be happy" or "cheer up"
1Ki 22:17I saw all IsraelHere "all Israel" refers to the army of Israel. Alternate Translation: "I saw the entire army of Israel"
1Ki 22:29Ahab, the king of Israel, and Jehoshaphat, the king of Judah, went upHere the kings represent themselves accompanied by their armies. Alternate Translation: "Ahab, the king of Israel, and Jehoshaphat, the king of Judah led their armies up"
2Ki 3:6to mobilize all Israel for warto prepare the people of Israel for war. Here "all Israel" refers to all of the Israelite soldiers. Alternate Translation: "to mobilize all of the Israelite soldiers for war"
2Ki 3:7Will you go with me against Moab to battle?The word "you" refers to Jehoshaphat, but refers to both him and his army. Here "Moab" stands for "the army of Moab." Alternate Translation: "Will you and your army go with me to fight against the army of Moab?"
2Ki 3:7I will goJehoshaphat is saying that he and his entire army will fight with King Joram against Moab. Alternate Translation: "We will go with you"
2Ki 3:9the king of Israel went with the king of Judah and the king of EdomThis refers to the kings accompanied by their armies. Alternate Translation: "the king of Israel and his army went with the king of Judah and his army and the king of Edom and his army"
2Ki 3:10to give them into the hand of MoabHere "Moab" refers to its army. Also, "the hand of Moab" refers to the "control" of Moab's army. Alternate Translation: "to give us over to Moab's control" or "so the army of Moab will defeat us"
2Ki 3:21the kings had comeHere the word "kings" refers to both the kings and their armies. Alternate Translation: "the kings had come with their armies" or "the kings and their armies had come"
2Ki 3:23So now, MoabThe soldiers are referring to themselves here as "Moab." Alternate Translation: "soldiers of Moab"
2Ki 3:24camp of IsraelHere "Israel" refers only to the Israelite soldiers and not to the whole nation of Israel. Alternate Translation: "the area where the Israelite soldiers had set up their tents"
2Ki 3:24the Israelites surprisedHere "Israelites" refers only to the Israelite soldiers and not to the whole nation of Israel. Alternate Translation: "the Israelite soldiers surprised"
2Ki 4:20the child sat on her knees until noon and then diedHere the woman's knees refer to her lap. She held her son in her lap until he died. Alternate Translation: "she held him on her lap until noon and then he died"
2Ki 5:2The Arameans had gone outHere the "Arameans" refer to the Aramean soldiers.
2Ki 5:20from his handsHere Naaman is referred to by his hands to emphasize the act of giving. Alternate Translation: "from him"
2Ki 6:22Put bread and water before them, that they may eat and drinkHere "bread" refers to food in general. Alternate Translation: "Give them food to eat and water to drink"
2Ki 6:24attacked SamariaThe king and his army attacked Samaria. Alternate Translation: "they attacked Samaria"
2Ki 7:2you will watch it happen with your own eyesThe phrase "with your own eyes" emphasizes that the captain will certainly see the things that Elisha prophesied. Alternate Translation: "you yourself will watch these things happen"
2Ki 7:6the kings of the Hittites and EgyptiansHere the word "kings" represents the kings and their armies. Alternate Translation: "the armies of the Hittites and the Egyptians"
2Ki 7:19you will watch it happen with your own eyesThe phrase "with your own eyes" emphasizes that the captain will certainly see the things that Elisha prophesied. See how you translated this in [2 Kings 7:2](./01.md). Alternate Translation: "you yourself will watch these things happen"
2Ki 8:8Take a giftHazael was to take many gifts, not just one. Alternate Translation: "take many gifts"
2Ki 8:12you will doThe word "you" represents Hazael and refers to himself and the soldiers under his control when he is king. Alternate Translation: "you will cause to happen" or "you will order your soldiers"
2Ki 8:28Ahaziah went with Joram son of Ahab, to fight against Hazael, king of AramThe names of the three kings listed here are synecdoches and refer also to their armies that accompany them. Alternate Translation: "Ahaziah's army joined the army of King Joram of Israel to fight against the army of King Hazael of Aram"
2Ki 8:29against Hazael king of AramHere "Hazael" refers to himself and his army. Alternate Translation: "the army of Hazael king of Aram"
2Ki 9:1in your handThe phrase "in your hand" refers to him taking the bottle with him. Alternate Translation: "with you"
2Ki 9:8every male childThis phrase is used to refer to every male, but it specifies "child" to emphasize that it includes children. Alternate Translation: "every male"
2Ki 9:13They blew the trumpet and saidNot every man blew a trumpet. It is likely only one man blew a trumpet. Alternate Translation: "One of them blew the trumpet and they all said"
2Ki 9:14all IsraelThese refers only to the Israelite army and not to everyone who lives in Israel. Alternate Translation: "he and his army" or "he and the Israelite army"
2Ki 9:15against Hazael king of AramThis refers to Hazael and his army. Alternate Translation: "against Hazael king of Aram and his army"
2Ki 10:3for your master's royal lineyour master's descendants. Here the man that they selected to be king is referred to as Ahab's royal line of descendants. Alternate Translation: "to defend your master's descendant" or "to defend him"
2Ki 10:25with the edge of the swordThe men used swords to kill the worshipers of Baal. This phrase refers to their swords. Alternate Translation: "with their swords"
2Ki 10:32Hazael defeatedHere "Hazael" refers to himself and his army. Alternate Translation: "Hazael and his army" or "King Hazael's Aramean army"
2Ki 12:11into the hands of menHere "hands" refers to the men. Alternate Translation: "to men"
2Ki 12:17Hazael king of Aram attacked ... Hazael then turned to attackThis refers to Hazael's army as well as to Hazael. Alternate Translation: "Hazael king of Aram and his army attacked ... Then they turned to attack"
2Ki 13:25Jehoash attacked him three timesHere "Jehoash" and "him" refer to the kings and their armies. Alternate Translation: "Jehoash's army attacked Ben Hadad's army three times"
2Ki 14:6Yet he did not put the sons of the murderers to deathKing Amaziah did not order his servants to kill the children of the men who killed his father. If he was going to have them executed though, he would have commanded his servants do it, he would not have done it himself. Alternate Translation: "But he did not tell his servants to execute those officials' children"
2Ki 14:7He killedHere "He" refers to his army. Alternate Translation: "Amaziah's army killed" or "Amaziah's soldiers killed"
2Ki 14:7he also took Sela in warHere the word "he" refers to King amaziah and represents himself and his army. Alternate Translation: "King Amaziah's army captured the city of Sela"
2Ki 14:8Then Amaziah sent messengers to Jehoash son of Jehoahaz son of Jehu king of Israel, saying, "Come, let us meet each other face to face in battle."Here "each other" also included their armies. Alternate Translation: "Then Amaziah sent messengers to King Jehoash of Israel, saying, 'Come here and let us and our armies fight each other in battle.'"
2Ki 14:11So Jehoash king of Israel attacked ... Amaziah king of Judah met each otherThe armies of these kings went to battle with them. Alternate Translation: "So Jehoash and his army went to fight Amaziah and his army and they met each other"
2Ki 14:13He came ... He tookHere "He" refers to Jehoash and his army. Alternate Translation: "Jehoash and his army came ... Jehoash's soldiers took"
2Ki 14:14He came ... He tookHere "He" refers to Jehoash and his army. Alternate Translation: "Jehoash and his army came ... Jehoash's soldiers took"
2Ki 14:22It was Azariah who rebuilt ElathAzariah did not do this alone. Alternate Translation: "It was Azariah who ordered Elath to be rebuilt" or "It was Azariah who supervised the rebuilding of Elath"
2Ki 15:19Pul the king of Assyria came against the landThe phrase "Pul the king of Assyria" represents Pul and his army. Alternate Translation: "Pul the king of Assyria came with his army against the land"
2Ki 15:29He carried away the people to AssyriaHere "He" refers to Tiglath-Pileser and represents him and his army. Carrying the people to Assyria represents forcing them to go to Assyria. Alternate Translation: "He and his army forced the people to go to Assyria
2Ki 16:5besieged AhazAhaz was in Jerusalem. Here "Ahaz" represents himself and the people who were in Jerusalem with him. Alternate Translation: "surrounded the city with Ahaz in it" or "surrounded Ahaz and the others in the city with him"
2Ki 16:7who have attacked meThe kings attacking Ahaz represent the armies of those kings attacking Ahaz and his people. Alternate Translation: "who have attacked me with their armies" or "whose armies have attacked me"
2Ki 16:9the king of Assyria went up against DamascusThe word "king" represents the king and his army. Also, Damascus represents the people who live there. Alternate Translation: "the king of Assyria and his army attacked the people of Damascus"
2Ki 19:23I have gone up ... I will cut down ... I will enterThese boasts made by Sennacherib could only be fulfilled by his army. The pronoun "I" represents him and his army.
2Ki 20:17the daysDays is synecdoche to refer to an undefined span of time.
2Ki 21:8the feet of IsraelThe feet are a synecdoche for the person. Alternate Translation: "the people of Israel" or "the Israelites"
2Ki 21:14give them into the hand of their enemiesHere the "hand" of the enemies refers to their enemies' control. Alternate Translation: "let their enemies defeat them and take over their land"
2Ki 22:5Let it be given into the hand of the workmenHere "hand" represents the workmen as a whole. This can be stated in active form. Alternate Translation: "Tell Hilkiah to give the money to the workmen"
2Ki 22:9given it into the hand of the workmenHere "hand" represents the workmen as a whole. Alternate Translation: "given it to the workmen"
2Ki 22:13the words of this book that has been foundHere "words" represents the laws. This can be stated in active form. Alternate Translation: "the laws in this book that Hilkiah has found" (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2Ki 22:16to this placeto Jerusalem. This refers to the city of Jerusalem which represents the whole land of Judah. Alternate Translation: "to Judah"
2Ki 22:20Your eyesHere "eyes" represents the whole person.
2Ki 25:7they slaughtered them before his eyesThe eyes are synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate Translation: "they forced king Zedekiah to watch them kill his sons"
1Ch 5:10lived in the Hagrites' tentsThe tents are a synecdoche for the land and the buildings on the land. Alternate Translation: "took over all the Hagrites' land and buildings" or "they lived in all the Hagrite territory"
1Ch 6:15exiled Judah and Jerusalem by the hand of NebuchadnezzarThe power Nebuchadnezzar has through his army is described as the part of his body ("hand") he uses to direct his army. Alternate Translation: "allowed Nebuchadnezzar's army to defeat the armies of Judah and Jerusalem and take the people into captivity"
1Ch 10:12their bonesThe bones are a synecdoche for the dead bodies. Alternate Translation: "their bodies"
1Ch 12:8whose faces were as fierce as the faces of lionsHere the word "faces" represents the men and the lions. Their faces express the fierceness with which they fight battles. Alternate Translation: "who were as fierce in battle as lions hunting prey"
1Ch 12:40Israel was celebratingThe word "Israel" represents the people who make up the nation. Alternate Translation: "the people of Israel were celebrating"
1Ch 16:10let the heart of those who seek Yahweh rejoice- Here "the heart" represents the person who seeks Yahweh. Alternate Translation: "let the people who seek Yahweh rejoice"
1Ch 19:17he gathered ... He arrangedDavid did not do these things alone. His official and officers helped him. Alternate Translation: "David and his officials gathered ... David and his officers arranged"
1Ch 19:17they fought himHere "him" refers to David's soldiers, in addition to David. Alternate Translation: "the Arameans fought David and his soldiers"
1Ch 20:2he brought out ... He brought outThese two occurrences of "he" refer to David, but they also refer to David's soldiers who helped David do these things.
1Ch 20:3he brought out ... He brought outThese two occurrences of "he" refer to David, but they also refer to David's soldiers who helped David do these things.
1Ch 20:8they were killed by the hand of David and by the hand of his soldiersDavid and his soldiers are referred to by the part of their bodies used to hold a sword. This can be stated in active form. Alternate Translation: "David and his soldiers killed the descendants of the Rephaim"
1Ch 22:19with all your heart and your soulHere "heart" and "soul" refer to the whole person. Alternate Translation: "with your whole being"
1Ch 28:8your children after you foreverThis means that the land will belong to their children and the descendants in the future. The phrase "after you" is an idiom. Alternate Translation: "your children and your descendants who will take your place after you die"
1Ch 28:9with your whole heartHere the "heart" the represents the whole person. To do something with "your whole heart" is an idiom. Alternate Translation: "with complete devotion" or "completely"
1Ch 28:9a willing spiritHere the "spirit" represents the whole person and emphasizes the person's will. Alternate Translation: "willingly"
2Ch 1:13So Solomon came to JerusalemHere "Solomon" represents all the people with him. Also "came" can be stated as "went." Alternate Translation: "So Solomon and the people with him went to Jerusalem"
2Ch 4:11Huram finished the work that he did ... He hadHere Huram represents all who worked on the temple. Alternate Translation: "Huram and the other workers finished the work that they did ... They had"
2Ch 4:13Huram finished the work that he did ... He hadHere Huram represents all who worked on the temple. Alternate Translation: "Huram and the other workers finished the work that they did ... They had"
2Ch 4:14He also made ... Huram-Abi madeHere Huram, who is also called Huram-Abi, represents all those who worked with him. Alternate Translation: "They also made ... Huram-Abi and his craftsmen made"
2Ch 4:16He also made ... Huram-Abi madeHere Huram, who is also called Huram-Abi, represents all those who worked with him. Alternate Translation: "They also made ... Huram-Abi and his craftsmen made"
2Ch 6:2I have built you a lofty residenceSolomon speaks of commanding the people to build the temple and telling them how to do it as if he himself had built it. Alternate Translation: "I and your people have built you a lofty residence"
2Ch 6:18this temple that I have builtSolomon speaks of commanding the people to build the temple and telling them how to do it as if he himself had built it. Alternate Translation: "this temple that your people have built under my leadership" or "this house that I and your people have built"
2Ch 6:23upon his own headHere the "head" refers to the whole person. Alternate Translation: "on him"
2Ch 6:33this house I have builtSolomon speaks of commanding the people to build the temple and telling them how to do it as if he himself had built it. See how you translated a similar phrase in [2 Chronicles 6:18](./18.md). Alternate Translation: "this house that your people have built under my leadership" or "this house that I and your people have built"
2Ch 6:34the house that I have builtSolomon speaks of commanding the people to build the temple and telling them how to do it as if he himself had built it. Alternate Translation: "this house that your people have built under my leadership" or "this house that I and your people have built"
2Ch 6:38the house that I have builtSolomon speaks of commanding the people to build the temple and telling them how to do it as if he himself had built it. Alternate Translation: "the house that your people have built under my leadership" or "the house that I and your people have built"
2Ch 8:3Solomon attacked HamathzobahSolomon represents his whole fighting army. Alternate Translation: "Solomon's army attacked the town of Hamathzolbah"
2Ch 8:4He built Tadmor in the wildernessTadmor was a city north of Israel, in modern-day Syria. The author writes of Solomon commanding the people to build Tadmor as if Solomon himself built it. Alternate Translation: "Solomon caused the town of Tadmor in the wilderness to be rebuilt" or "Solomon commanded, and the people built the town of Tadmor in the wilderness"
2Ch 9:6now my eyes have seen itThe phrase "my eyes" emphasizes that she herself saw it. Alternate Translation: "now I have seen it for myself"
2Ch 12:7by means of Shishak's handHere the word "hand" represents Shishak himself. Alternate Translation: "by means of Shishak"
2Ch 12:15the constant wars between Rehoboam and JeroboamThe names of the kings represent the armies that they led. Alternate Translation: "the wars in which Rehoboam's army and Jeroboam's army constantly engaged"
2Ch 13:2There was war between Abijah and JeroboamThe names of the kings represent the armies that they led. Alternate Translation: "There was war between the army of Abijah and the army of Jeroboam"
2Ch 15:7do not let your hands be weakHere the word "hands" represents the people who work. Alternate Translation: "do not become weak as you work"
2Ch 15:17Asa's heart was completely devotedThe heart represents the person. Alternate Translation: "Asa was completely devoted"
2Ch 16:4sent the commanders of his armies against the citiesHere Asa's armies are represented by their commanders. Alternate Translation: "sent his armies to attack the cities"
2Ch 16:5he stopped building up Ramah, and let his work ceaseHere Asa represents himself and his army. "his work" refers to other work that his workers were doing in Ramah. Alternate Translation: "he commanded his army to stop fortifying Ramah and doing other work there"
2Ch 16:8he gave you victoryThis means that king Asa's army was able to defeat the opposing army. Alternate Translation: "he gave your army victory"
2Ch 17:1strengthened himself against IsraelJehoshaphat prepared the army for battle. Alternate Translation: "prepared the army to be able to battle Israel"
2Ch 17:6His heartHere the king is represented by his "heart" to emphasize his will and desires. Alternate Translation: "He"
2Ch 17:10against JehoshaphatHere Jehoshaphat represents his army. Alternate Translation: "against Jehoshaphat's army"
2Ch 18:5should I notHere about refers to himself accompanied by his army as himself. Alternate Translation: "should we not"
2Ch 18:28Ahab, the king of Israel, and Jehoshaphat, the king of Judah, went up againstHere the kings represent themselves accompanied by their armies. Alternate Translation: "Ahab, the king of Israel, and Jehoshaphat, the king of Judah led their armies up against"
2Ch 20:1came against Jehoshaphat to do battleHere "Jehoshaphat" represents himself and his army. Alternate Translation: "came against Jehoshaphat's army to do battle" or "came to fight against Jehoshaphat and his army"
2Ch 20:9your name is in this houseHere Yahweh's presence is represented by his "name." Alternate Translation: "your presence is here in this house"
2Ch 20:12our eyes are on youHere the people are represented by their "eyes" to emphasize that they are directing their attention to God. Alternate Translation: "we are looking to you for help"
2Ch 20:27every man of Judah and JerusalemThis is a reference to every man in the army. Alternate Translation: "every soldier of Judah and Jerusalem"
2Ch 21:11Jehoram had also built high placesOther people helped Jehoram build these high places all over the mountains of Judah. Alternate Translation: "Jehoram and the people had also built high places"
2Ch 21:16against JehoramHere Jehoram refers to Jehoram and the people of Judah that he ruled. Alternate Translation: "against Jehoram and the people of Judah"
2Ch 22:5to fight against Hazael, king of AramThe reader should understand that Hazael did not fight alone, but that he took his army with him. Alternate Translation: "to fight against Hazael, king of Aram, and his army"
2Ch 26:2It was he who rebuilt ElathUzziah did not do this alone. Alternate Translation: "It was he who ordered Elath to be rebuilt" or "It was he who supervised the rebuilding of Elath"
2Ch 26:6Uzziah went out and fought against the PhilistinesHere "Uzziah" represents himself and his army that he led. Alternate Translation: "Uzziah led his army out to fight against the Philistines" or "Uzziah and his army went out and fought against the Philistines"
2Ch 26:6He broke down ... he built cities ... God helped himHere the pronouns "He" and "him" represent Uzziah and his army. Alternate Translation: "Uzziah and his army broke down ... they built cities ... God helped them"
2Ch 26:7He broke down ... he built cities ... God helped himHere the pronouns "He" and "him" represent Uzziah and his army. Alternate Translation: "Uzziah and his army broke down ... they built cities ... God helped them"
2Ch 27:5He fought also with the king of the people of AmmonYou may need to translate so that the reader understands that Jothan led his army to fight. Alternate Translation: "He also led his army to fight with the king of the people of Ammon"
2Ch 27:5with the king of the people of AmmonYou may need to translate so that the reader understands that the king of Ammon led his army to fight. Alternate Translation: "with the king of Ammon and his army"
2Ch 29:31who had a willing heartHere the word "heart" represents the person who was willing. Alternate Translation: "who were willing" or "who desired"
2Ch 30:1Ephraim and ManassehEphraim and Manasseh were two of the tribes in the northern part of Israel. Here the phrase "Ephraim and Manasseh" refers to the people who belonged to all ten of the northern tribes of Israel. Alternate Translation: "the northern tribes of Israel"
2Ch 30:10the regions of Ephraim and ManassehEphraim and Manasseh were two of the tribes in the northern part of Israel. Here the phrase "Ephraim and Manasseh" refers to the people who belonged to all ten of the northern tribes of Israel. See how you translated it in [2 Chronicles 30:1](./01.md). Alternate Translation: "the regions of the northern tribes of Israel"
2Ch 32:1Sennacherib, king of Assyria, came ... He campedHere Sennacherib represents his army. Alternate Translation: "Sennacherib, king of Assyria, and his army came ... They camped"
2Ch 32:2that Sennacherib had come and that he intendedHere Sennacherib also represents his army. Alternate Translation: "that Sennacherib and his army had come and that they intended"
2Ch 32:5Hezekiah took courage and built up ... He built ... He also ... he madeThe readers should understand that Hezekiah probably commanded other people to do the actual work. Alternate Translation: "Hezekiah took courage and commanded the people to build up ... They built ... They also ... they made"
2Ch 33:9Judah and the inhabitants of JerusalemHere "Jerusalem" is a part of "Judah." Alternate Translation: "the people of Judah and Jerusalem"
2Ch 33:11the commanders of the army of the king of AssyriaThe commanders were accompanied by their soldiers. Alternate Translation: "the commanders of the army of the king of Assyria and their soldiers"
2Ch 34:10the moneyThis refers to some on the money that was entrusted to Hilkiah. Alternate Translation: "some of the money"
2Ch 34:17into the hand of the supervisors and to the workmenThe supervisors and workmen are represented by their "hand" to emphasize their possession. Alternate Translation: "to the supervisors and the workmen"
2Ch 34:24on this placeto Jerusalem This refers to the city of Jerusalem which represents the whole land of Judah. Alternate Translation: "on Judah"
2Ch 34:28your eyes will not seeHere "eyes" represents the whole person. Also, the phrase "will not see" represents not experiencing something. Alternate Translation: "you will not experience"
2Ch 34:33For all of his daysJosiah's life is represented by his "days." Alternate Translation: "For all of his life" or "As long as Josiah was alive"
2Ch 35:6to do according to the word of Yahweh that was given by the hand of MosesHere the word "hand" refers to Moses himself. Yahweh used Moses as the agent to deliver his command. This can be translated in active form. Alternate Translation: "to obey all of the commands that Yahweh gave to the people through Moses" or "to do everything that Yahweh commanded Moses to tell the people"
2Ch 35:11the blood that they received from the Levites' handHere the word "hand" refers to the Levites. Alternate Translation: "the blood that the Levites gave them"
2Ch 35:20Josiah went to fight against himHere both Josiah and Necho represent themselves accompained by their armies. Alternate Translation: "Josiah and his army went to fight against Necho and his army"
2Ch 35:21I am not coming against youHere the king Josiah represents his kingdom. Alternate Translation: "I am not fighting your kingdom"
2Ch 35:22fight with himThe word "him" refers to Necho who represents himself accompanied by his army. Alternate Translation: "fight with the army of Egypt"
2Ch 35:22that had come from the mouth of GodHere God is represented by his "mouth" to emphasize his speech. Alternate Translation: "that had come from God" or "that God had said to him"
2Ch 35:22so he wentThe word "he" refers to Josiah who represents himself accompanied by his army. Alternate Translation: "so he and his army went"
2Ch 36:21the word of Yahweh by the mouth of JeremiahHere the noun "word" can be translated with the verb "spoke." The word "mouth" represents Jeremiah. Alternate Translation: "what Yahweh spoke through Jeremiah" or "the word from Yahweh that Jeremiah spoke"
2Ch 36:22so that the word of Yahweh by the mouth of Jeremiah might be carried outHere the noun "word" can be translated with the verb "spoke." The word "mouth" represents Jeremiah. This can be stated in active form. Alternate Translation: "so that what Yahweh spoke through Jeremiah might happen" or "so that the word from Yahweh that Jeremiah spoke might happen"
2Ch 36:22Yahweh motivated the spirit of Cyrus, king of PersiaMotivating the spirit is a synecdoche for making someone want to act. Alternate Translation: "Yahweh made Cyrus, king of Persia, want to act"
Ezr 1:1Yahweh ... stirred Cyrus's spiritHere Cyrus is represented by his spirit. This speaks of Yahweh causing Cyrus to want to act as if he "stirred" his spirit. Alternate Translation: "Yahweh ... made Cyrus want to act"
Ezr 3:12before their eyesThe people are represented by their "eyes" to emphasize what they saw. Alternate Translation: "in their sight" or "and they saw it"
Ezr 5:5God's eye was onThe eye represents the person watching over another person. Alternate Translation: "God was watching over"
Neh 2:2Why is your face so sadHere Nehemiah is referred to by his face because the face shows one's emotions. Alternate Translation: "Why are you so sad"
Neh 2:2This must be sadness of heartThis speaks of Nehemiah being sad as if his heart were sad, since the heart is often considered the center of emotions. Alternate Translation: "You must be very sad"
Neh 2:5that I may rebuild itNehemiah does not plan to do all of the building himself, but he will be the leader of the work. Alternate Translation: "that I and my people may rebuild it"
Neh 2:15So I went up ... and I turned backThe other men with Nehemiah also followed him. Alternate Translation: "So we went up ... and we turned back"
Neh 4:4Turn back their taunts on their own headsThe phrase "their taunts" refers to Sanballat's and Tobiah's insults. Here the word "heads" refers to the whole people. Alternate Translation: "Turn their taunts onto themselves" or "Cause their insulting words to mock themselves"
Neh 4:13I positioned each familyThis refers to several people from each family, this likely does not include the women and children. Alternate Translation: "I positioned people from each family"
Neh 6:1I had rebuilt the wall ... I had not yetNehemiah supervised the rebuilding of the wall and did not build it by himself. Alternate Translation: "we had rebuilt the wall ... we had not yet"
Neh 6:3I am doing a great workNehemiah supervised the rebuilding of the wall. He did not build it by himself. Alternate Translation: "We are doing a great work"
Neh 6:9strengthen my handsHere Nehemiah requests for God to strengthen him by asking him to strengthen his "hands." Alternate Translation: "strengthen me" or "give me courage"
Neh 7:1I had set up the doors in placeThis was done with help. Alternate Translation: "I and others hung the doors"
Neh 9:8You found his heart was faithful before youThe heart, the inner being of the person, represents the person. Alternate Translation: "You saw that he was completely faithful to you"
Neh 9:20from their mouthsThe mouth is a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate Translation: "from them"
Neh 10:37the tithes from our soilHere "our soil" refers to everything that is grown in the ground. Alternate Translation: "the tithes of what we grow in the ground"
Est 1:3The armyThis likely refers to the leaders of the army. Alternate Translation: "The officers of the army"
Est 1:10the king's heart was feeling happy because of the wineHere "heart" refers to the king, and "feeling happy" is an idiom that means he was drunk. Alternate Translation: "the king was drunk with wine"
Est 3:9I will weigh out ... into the hands of thoseHere "hands" stands for the men. To "weigh out" is an idiom that means to pay them. Alternate Translation: "I will pay ... to the men"
Est 8:7the house of HamanThis represents all that Haman had owned. Alternate Translation: "all that had belonged to Haman" or "all of Haman's property"
Job 2:5his bones and his fleshThis expression represents Job's body.
Job 3:7joyful voice comeHere the voice stands for a person who is happy. Alternate Translation: "may no one be happy in it ever again"
Job 4:21their tent cordsHere tent cords represent a tent. Sometimes a person's home and family are pictured as his tent, which can also represent all his possessions.
Job 5:18his hands healHere "his hands" represents God.
Job 5:20the hands of the swordHere "hands" probably represents the people who attack with weapons, including swords. Alternate Translation: "violent people" or "people who attack you"
Job 6:28I would not lie to your faceThe word "your" refers to Job's friends. Here his friends are represented by their faces to emphasize that they are looking at him. Alternate Translation: "I would not lie to you while I am looking at you"
Job 7:5My fleshThis represents his whole body. Alternate Translation: "My body"
Job 7:7my eye will no more see goodHere "my eye" represents Job's whole person and his ability to see or experience things. Alternate Translation: "I will never again experience good things"
Job 7:8The eye of God, who sees me ... God's eyes will be on meHere God is represented by his "eye" to emphasize what he looks at. Alternate Translation: "God who watches me ... God will look for me"
Job 7:15these bones of mineHere Job uses the word "bones" to refer to his body. Alternate Translation: "This body of mine"
Job 10:3the work of your handsHere God is represented by his "hands." Alternate Translation: "what you have created"
Job 10:7from your handHere "your hand" represents God's power. Alternate Translation: "from your power"
Job 10:8Your handsHere "hands" represent God and his creative action. Alternate Translation: "You"
Job 10:12guarded my spiritHere Job is represented by his "spirit." Alternate Translation: "guarded me" or "watched carefully over me" or "kept me safe"
Job 10:18and that no eye had ever seen meJob uses "eye" here to refer to the whole person. He wishes he could have died at birth, before anyone saw him. Alternate Translation: "before any person had ever seen me" or "before I was born"
Job 13:1my eye has seen all thisJob referred to himself as his eye since it is with his eyes that he saw these things. Alternate Translation: "I have seen all this"
Job 13:1my ear has heard and understood itJob referred to himself as his ear since it is with his ears that he heard these things. Alternate Translation: "I have heard and understood it"
Job 13:6listen to the pleading of my own lipsHere "lips" represent the person who is speaking. Alternate Translation: "listen to what I myself plead for"
Job 13:20from your faceFace represents the person. Alternate Translation: "from you"
Job 13:27you examine the ground where the soles of my feet have walkedThe soles of his feet represent the person who walks. Alternate Translation: "you examine the ground where I have walked"
Job 15:5your mouthThis speaks of Job, but refers to his "mouth" to place emphasis on what he says. Alternate Translation: "you to speak" or "you to say what you say"
Job 15:6Your own mouth condemns you, not mineThis refers to Job and Eliphaz by their "mouths" to place emphasis on what they say. Alternate Translation: "You are condemned by what you say, not by what I say" or "You condemn yourself by what you say, it is not I who condemns you"
Job 15:6your own lips testifyThis speaks of Job, but refers to his "lips" to place emphasis on what he says. Alternate Translation: "your own words" or "you testify"
Job 15:13turn your spiritHere the "spirit" refers to the whole person. Alternate Translation: "turn yourself"
Job 15:23for breadHere "bread" refers to food in general. Alternate Translation: "for food"
Job 15:35their womb conceivesHere the "womb" is used to refer to the person to emphasize conception, as it is in the womb that conception takes place. Alternate Translation: "they conceive"
Job 16:8against my faceHere Job is referred to by his "face." Alternate Translation: "against me"
Job 16:16on my eyelids is the shadow of deathHere Job's eyes are represented by his "eyelids." Job speaks of his eyes' dark appearance as if his eyes looked like the eyes of a dead person. Alternate Translation: "there are dark circles around my eyes" or "my eyes are dark, like the eyes of a dead person"
Job 17:1My spirit is consumedJob refers to himself by his "spirit" to emphasize his inner emotions. He speaks of not having any strength left as if he were something that has been used up. Alternate Translation: "I am consumed" or "I have lost all of my strength"
Job 17:2my eye must always seeJob refers to himself by his "eyes" to emphasize what he sees. Alternate Translation: "I must always see" or "I must always hear"
Job 17:4have kept their heartsThe word "their" refers to his friends. They are referred to by their "hearts" to emphasize their emotions. Alternate Translation: "have kept them" or "have kept my friends"
Job 17:5the eyes of his children will failThe person's children are referred to here by their "eyes." This phrase describes the children suffering because of what their father or mother did. Alternate Translation: "his children will suffer for it"
Job 18:9will take him by the heelHere the "heel" refers to the whole foot. Alternate Translation: "will take hold of his foot"
Job 19:27my own eyes—I, and not someone elseThe synecdoche "my own eyes" represents Job. The phrases "my eyes" and "and not someone else" emphasize that Job himself will actually see God. It is not that someone else will see God and tell Job about him.
Job 20:9The eye that saw himThe eye represents a person. Alternate Translation: "Anyone who saw him" or "The people who saw him"
Job 20:11His bones are full of youthful strengthThe word "bones" represents his body. Being "full of youthful strength" represents being strong like a young person. Alternate Translation: "His body is strong like a young person's body"
Job 21:20Let his eyes seeHere "eyes" refers to the person. Alternate Translation: "Let him see"
Job 21:33The clods of the valley will be sweet to himJob imagines that the dead person will even enjoy the dirt that is put on him. This means the wicked person will even have a good death and a nice burial after a fulfilling life. "Clods" refer to the earth that covers the grave. Alternate Translation: "He will enjoy being covered with the dirt of the valley" or "He will enjoy being buried in the dirt of the valley"
Job 22:7withheld breadHere "bread" refers to food in general. Alternate Translation: "withheld food"
Job 23:11My foot has held fast to his stepsHere "My foot" refers to Job. Alternate Translation: "I have followed the path he has shown me"
Job 23:12the words of his mouthHere God is represented by his "mouth." Alternate Translation: "what he said"
Job 23:17the gloom of my faceHere Job refers to himself by his "face." Alternate Translation: "my sadness"
Job 24:9orphans from their mothers' breastHere "breast" refers to the mother. This implies that these orphans are still very young. This can be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "young orphans out of their mothers' arms" or "fatherless infants from their mothers"
Job 24:11within the walls of those wicked menHere "walls" refers to the whole house. Alternate Translation: "in the houses of those evil men"
Job 24:15the eye of the adultererHere "eye" refers to the whole person. Alternate Translation: "the adulterer"
Job 24:15No eye will see meHere "eye" refers to the whole person. Alternate Translation: "No one will see me"
Job 24:20The wombThis refers to the mother. Alternate Translation: "The mother"
Job 24:23but his eyes are on their waysHere "eyes" refers to God. Alternate Translation: "but he is always watching what they do"
Job 28:5the earth, out of which comes breadHere "bread" represents food in general. Food coming out of the ground is a metaphor for food growing out of the ground. Alternate Translation: "the earth, where food grows"
Job 28:10his eye seesHere "his eye" represents him. Alternate Translation: "he sees"
Job 28:21Wisdom is hidden from the eyes of all living thingsThis means that living things are unable to see wisdom. It can be expressed in active form. Alternate Translation: "No living thing can see wisdom"
Job 29:11after their ears heard me ... after their eyes saw meThe ears represent those who heard him, and the eyes represent those who saw him. Alternate Translation: "after they heard what I told them ... after they saw me"
Job 29:13I caused the widow's heart to sing for joyHere "the widow's heart" represents any widow. Alternate Translation: "I caused widows to sing joyfully"
Job 30:30my bones are burned with heatHere "bones" refers to the whole body, which suffers from fever.
Job 31:9If my heart has been deceived by a womanHere "my heart" represents Job. Here the word "deceived" expresses the idea of "enticed." The word "woman" expresses the idea of "another man's wife." This can be stated in active form. Alternate Translation: "If another man's wife has enticed me" or "If I have desired another man's wife"
Job 31:20if his heart has not blessed meThe phrase "his heart" represents the poor man who needs clothing. Alternate Translation: "if he has not blessed me"
Job 31:27if my heart has been secretly attractedHere "my heart" represents Job. This phrase can be stated in active form. Alternate Translation: "if I have been secretly attracted to them" or "if I have secretly desired to worship them"
Job 31:30Indeed, I have not even allowed my mouth to sinHere "my mouth" represents Job speaking. Alternate Translation: "Truly I did not let myself sin" or "Truly, I did not sin"
Job 32:19my breast isThis represents Elihu, specifically his spirit. Alternate Translation: "my spirit is" or "I am"
Job 32:20open my lipsHere the "lips" represent the mouth. Alternate Translation: "open my mouth"
Job 33:3My words come from the uprightness of my heartHere Elihu refers to himself by his "heart" as he speaks of being upright. Alternate Translation: "I will speak with uprightness" or "I will speak with complete honesty"
Job 33:3my lips speak pure knowledgeHere Elihu refers to himself by his "lips" to emphasize his speech. Alternate Translation: "I will speak sincerely to you the things I know"
Job 33:22his soul draws close to the pitHere a person is represented by his "soul." Alternate Translation: "he is close to going into the grave"
Job 33:22his life to those who wish to destroy itHere the person is represented by his "life." The phrase "those who wish to destroy it" refers to the place where people go after they die. Alternate Translation: "and he is close to going to the place where dead people go" or "and he will soon go to the place of the dead"
Job 33:26God's faceHere God is represented by his "face." Alternate Translation: "God"
Job 33:28rescued my soul from going down into the pitHere the person is referred to by his "soul." Alternate Translation: "rescued me from dying and going to the pit"
Job 33:30his soulThe person is represented by his "soul." Alternate Translation: "him"
Job 34:15all fleshHere all living things are represented by their "flesh." Alternate Translation: "all living things"
Job 34:20not by human handsHere people are represented by their "hands." Alternate Translation: "not by humans" or "not by people"
Job 34:29his faceHere God is represented by his "face." Alternate Translation: "himself"
Job 35:7receive from your handHere the word "hand" represents Job. Alternate Translation: "receive from you"
Job 36:11they will spend their days in prosperity, their years in contentmentThe words "days" and "years" both refer to the person's lifetime. Alternate Translation: "they will spend their lives in prosperity and contentment"
Job 37:7He stops the hand of every manHere the word "hand" represents the entire person. Alternate Translation: "He stops every man"
Job 39:29his eyes see themHere "his eyes" refer to the eagle. Alternate Translation: "he sees them"
Job 40:13their facesThe "face" represents the whole person. Alternate Translation: "them"
Psa 4:7You have given my heart more gladnessThe heart represents the person. Alternate Translation: "You have given me more gladness"
Psa 6:2my bones are shakingThe bones represent the whole body. His body may have been shaking because he was sick or extremely tired. Alternate Translation: "my whole body is shaking"
Psa 7:7The countries are assembledHere the word "countries" represents all of the armies that have gathered to attack.
Psa 8:3your heavens, which your fingers have madeGod's fingers represent him. Alternate Translation: "the heavens which you have made"
Psa 10:8his eyes look for some helpless victimThe eyes represent him. Alternate Translation: "he looks for some helpless victim"
Psa 11:4his eyes watch, his eyes examine the children of mankindHere Yahweh is represented by his "eyes." Yahweh is aware of everything that happens. Alternate Translation: "He examines all that humanity does"
Psa 12:3every tongue declaring great thingsHere "every tongue" represents every person who declares great things. Alternate Translation: "every person who boasts"
Psa 12:4When our lips speakHere the "lips" represents the people who speak. Alternate Translation: "When we speak"
Psa 13:1How long ... face from me?The words "your face" represent God's whole being. This rhetorical question is asked to add emphasis. It can be translated as a statement. Alternate Translation: "It seems like you are hiding from me!"
Psa 13:5my heart rejoices in your salvationHere "my heart" represents the whole person. Alternate Translation: "I will rejoice because you have rescued me"
Psa 17:2let your eyes see what is right!Here "your eyes" is synecdoche for God himself, and "see" is a metaphor for paying attention and firmly deciding to do something. Alternate Translation: "please see what is right" or "do what is right"
Psa 17:10their mouths speak with prideHere "their mouths speak" represents his enemies when they speak. Alternate Translation: "they speak with pride" or "they are always boasting"
Psa 17:15I will see your face in righteousnessHere "face" represents Yahweh in all of his being. David is confident he will see Yahweh. Alternate Translation: "because I act in the right way, I will be with you one day"
Psa 18:24before his eyesThis refers to God's presence. Alternate Translation: "before him" or "according to him"
Psa 18:33makes my feet swiftThis refers to enabling a person to run fast. Alternate Translation: "makes me run very fast"
Psa 18:34He trains my handsHere "my hands" refers to the person. Alternate Translation: "He trains me"
Psa 18:34my armsThis refers to the person. Alternate Translation: "me"
Psa 18:36my feet have not slippedHere "my feet" refers to the person. The writer refers to the safety of God's protection as if he were standing on a place where he will not slip or fall. Alternate Translation: "I have not slipped" or "I am doing well"
Psa 19:7the soul ... the heart ... the eyesAll three of these words refer to the whole person. Alternate Translation: "a person"
Psa 19:8the soul ... the heart ... the eyesAll three of these words refer to the whole person. Alternate Translation: "a person"
Psa 20:4your heart's desireHere "heart" stands for the entire person. The abstract noun "desire" can be stated as a verb. Alternate Translation: "what you desire" or "what you want"
Psa 21:2his heart's desirehis heart's wish. Here "heart" stands for the whole person. Alternate Translation: "his desire" or "what he wished for"
Psa 21:2the request of his lipsHere "lips" stands for the whole person. Alternate Translation: "his request" or "what he requested of you"
Psa 22:20Rescue my soulHere "soul" stands for the whole person. Alternate Translation: "Rescue me"
Psa 22:26May your hearts live foreverHere "hearts" represent the whole person. Alternate Translation: "May you live forever"
Psa 24:6the face of the God of JacobHere "face" stands for the whole person. Alternate Translation: "the God of Jacob"
Psa 24:7Lift up your headsIt is uncertain what specific part of the gate is the "head." But, it stands for the gate as a whole.
Psa 24:9Lift up your headsIt is uncertain what specific part of the gate is the "head." But, it stands for the gate as a whole.
Psa 26:10in whose handsHands refers to the whole person. Alternate Translation: "people in which"
Psa 26:12My foot standsHere "foot" represents the whole person. Alternate Translation: "I stand"
Psa 27:3my heart will not fearHere "heart" represents the whole person. Alternate Translation: "I will not be afraid"
Psa 27:14let your heart be courageousHere "heart" represents the whole person. Alternate Translation: "be courageous"
Psa 28:7my heart trustsHere "heart" represents the whole person. Alternate Translation: "I trust"
Psa 28:7my heart greatly rejoicesHere "heart" represents the whole person. Alternate Translation: "I greatly rejoice"
Psa 30:3brought up my soulHere "my soul" refers to the writer. Alternate Translation: "brought me up"
Psa 30:12my glory will sing praise to youHere "my glory" refers to the writer's soul or heart or inner being. This represents the entire person of the writer, who worships God because God has made him glad. Alternate Translation: "I will sing praise to you"
Psa 31:5I entrust my spiritHere "my spirit" refers to the writer. Alternate Translation: "I place myself"
Psa 31:7the distress of my soulHere "my soul" refers to the writer. Alternate Translation: "my distress"
Psa 31:8You have set my feetHere "my feet" refers to the writer. Alternate Translation: "You have set me"
Psa 31:9my soul and my bodyThe terms "soul" and "body" are used to describe the complete person.
Psa 31:22your eyesHere Yahweh is represented by his "eyes." Alternate Translation: "you"
Psa 32:2in whose spirit there is no deceitHere "spirit" refers to the person. Alternate Translation: "in whom there is not deceit" or "who is completely honest"
Psa 32:3my bones were wasting awayHere "my bones" refers to the writer. Alternate Translation: "I was wasting away" or "I was getting weaker"
Psa 32:4your hand was heavy upon meHere "hand" refers to Yahweh. The entire phrase is an idiom that means "you afflicted me." Alternate Translation: "you made me suffer greatly"
Psa 32:11who are upright in heartHere "heart" refers to the person. Alternate Translation: "people who are upright"
Psa 33:11the plans of his heartHere "his heart" refers to Yahweh. Alternate Translation: "his plans"
Psa 33:17A horse is a false hope for victoryHere "a horse" represents the strongest part of the army. Alternate Translation: "Having an army with strong horses does not provide security"
Psa 33:19to deliver their lives from deathHere "their lives" refers to the people. Alternate Translation: "to keep them from dying"
Psa 33:21Our hearts rejoiceHere "hearts" refer to the people. Alternate Translation: "We rejoice"
Psa 34:5their faces are not ashamedHere "their faces" refers to the people who look to Yahweh. It can also be stated in positive form. Alternate Translation: "they are not ashamed" or "they are proud"
Psa 34:13Then keep your tongue from evilHere "tongue" refers to the whole person. Alternate Translation: "Therefore, do not speak evil"
Psa 34:13keep your lips from speaking liesHere "lips" refers to the person speaking. Alternate Translation: "do not speak lies"
Psa 34:15his ears are directed toward their cryHere Yahweh is represented by his "ears." To be directed toward something means to pay attention to it. Alternate Translation: "he pays attention to their cry" or "he answers their cry"
Psa 34:20He keeps all his bones, not one of them will be brokenHere "all his bones" is literal, but it also implies that Yahweh takes care of the entire person. Alternate Translation: "He provides complete protection for him, he will not be harmed in any way"
Psa 35:3say to my soulThis refers to the writer. Alternate Translation: "say to me"
Psa 35:7my lifeThis refers to the writer. Alternate Translation: "me"
Psa 35:17Rescue my soulHere "soul" refers to the writer. Alternate Translation: "Rescue me"
Psa 35:17my lifeThis refers to the writer. Alternate Translation: "me"
Psa 35:21our eyes have seen itHere "our eyes" refers to the enemies' eyes. It is implied that they are saying they saw the writer do something wrong. Alternate Translation: "we have seen it" or "we saw the wrong things that you did"
Psa 36:1in his eyesHere "eyes" refers to the wicked person. Alternate Translation: "in him"
Psa 36:10the upright of heartHere "heart" refers to the people. Alternate Translation: "the upright" or "people who act righteously"
Psa 36:11the foot of the arrogant man ... the hand of the wickedHere "foot" and "hand" refer to the evil people. These are not specific men. This refers to evil people in general. Alternate Translation: "arrogant people ... wicked people"
Psa 37:14have drawn out their swords ... have bent their bowsBoth "swords" and "bows" are weapons used to attack people. The fact that they are "drawn" and "bent" means they are ready to start attacking. Alternate Translation: "have prepared their weapons in order to attack"
Psa 37:15Their swords will pierce their own heartsSwords are examples of weapons and "hearts" represent the people. To "pierce the heart" is an idiom that means "to kill." Alternate Translation: "Their weapons will be turned against them and they will kill themselves"
Psa 37:25begging for breadHere "bread" represents food in general. Alternate Translation: begging for food"
Psa 37:30The mouth of the righteous personHere "mouth" represents the whole person who speaks. Alternate Translation: "The righteous person"
Psa 38:3there is no health in my bones because of my sinHere "my bones" represents the body of the writer. Alternate Translation: "my whole body is diseased because of my sin"
Psa 38:7there is no health in my fleshHere "my flesh" refers to the writer. Alternate Translation: "I am completely sick"
Psa 38:8anguish of my heartHere "my heart" refers to the writer. Alternate Translation: "my anguish"
Psa 38:9my heart's deepest yearningsHere "my heart" refers to the writer. It may be helpful to state that the writer desires good health. Alternate Translation: "My strongest desires" or "that I desire you to heal me"
Psa 38:16If my foot slipsHere "my foot" represents the writer. The slipping of his foot is a metaphor that refers to the writer's troubles and misfortunes. Alternate Translation: "If I make mistakes that cause me trouble"
Psa 39:3My heart became hot ... it burned like a fireHere "heart" represents the whole person. The anxious thoughts of the writer are spoken of as if they were a fire burning inside him. Alternate Translation: "I became very anxious when I thought about these things"
Psa 40:2he set my feet on a rockHere "my feet" refers to the writer, and "a rock" refers a place of safety. Alternate Translation: "he provided safety for me"
Psa 40:3in my mouthHere "my mouth" refers to the writer. Alternate Translation: "in me"
Psa 41:6his heart gathers up my disaster for itselfHis enemies try to learn all of the bad things about him. Here the word "heart" refers the whole person. Bad circumstances are spoken of as if they were objects that can be gathered. Alternate Translation: "he tries to learn about all of my disasters"
Psa 44:16because of the voice of him who rebukes and insultsHere the words "the voice" represents the person insulting him. Alternate Translation: "because of what the person says who rebukes and insults me"
Psa 49:3My mouth will speak wisdomHere the word "mouth" refers to the whole person who speaks. Alternate Translation: "I will speak wise words"
Psa 49:15God will redeem my lifeHere the word "life" refers to the whole person. Alternate Translation: "God will redeem me"
Psa 49:18He blessed his soulHere the word "soul" refers to the whole person. This phrase means that he considered himself to be happy and successful because of his riches. Alternate Translation: "He congratulated himself"
Psa 50:19your tongue expresses deceitThe word "tongue" represents the person who is speaking. Alternate Translation: "you are always telling lies"
Psa 51:15Lord, open my lips, and my mouth will express your praiseHere the person is represented by his "mouth." Being able to talk is spoken of as the lips being open. Here not being able to speak is a symbol of being guilty of sin and not being able to make a defense. Alternate Translation: "Lord, make me able to speak, and I will praise you"
Psa 52:2Your tongueHere "your tongue" refers to the person David is speaking to. Alternate Translation: "You"
Psa 52:4you deceitful tongueThis refers to the person the author is speaking to. Alternate Translation: "you speaker of deceit" or "you liar"
Psa 54:2the words of my mouthHere the speaker is represented by his mouth. Alternate Translation: "my words" or "what I am saying to you"
Psa 54:6I will give thanks to your name, Yahweh, for it is goodYahweh's name represents him. Alternate Translation: "I will give thanks to you, Yahweh, for you are good"
Psa 54:7my eye has lookedThe eye represents the person. Alternate Translation: "I have looked"
Psa 55:17he will hear my voiceHere "voice" represents either 1) the psalmist or 2) the psalmist's complaints and moans. Alternate Translation: "he will hear me" or "he will hear my moaning"
Psa 56:13you have kept my feet from fallingThe feet here represent the person. Falling here probably represents being killed by his enemies. Alternate Translation: "you have kept me from falling" or "you have kept me from being killed by my enemies"
Psa 60:1JoabThis refers to Joab and the army that he led. Alternate Translation: "Joab and his army"
Psa 63:3my lips will praise youHere "my lips" represents the whole person. Alternate Translation: "I will praise you"
Psa 63:5with joyful lips my mouth will praise youHere "with joyful lips my mouth" represents the whole person who will praise God joyfully. Alternate Translation: "I will praise you joyfully"
Psa 63:11but the mouth of those who speak lies will be stopped upHere "the mouth" represents the whole person. This can be stated in active form. Alternate Translation: "but God will silence the liars" or "but God will silence those who lie"
Psa 66:7his eyes observeThe phrase "his eyes" refers to God himself. Alternate Translation: "he sees"
Psa 66:14which my lips promised and my mouth spokeHere "lips" and "mouth" refer to the words of promise that were spoken. Alternate Translation: "which I promised"
Psa 66:16I will declare what he has done for my soulThe word "soul" represents the whole person. Alternate Translation: "I will tell you what he has done for me"
Psa 66:17I cried to him with my mouthThe word "mouth" represents the whole person who cries out to God.
Psa 68:12Kings of armies flee, they fleeThe kings represent themselves and their entire armies. It is understood that they flee because they are defeated by Israel's army. Alternate Translation: "Kings and their armies flee from us because they are defeated"
Psa 68:14scattered kingsHere "kings" refers to their armies as well. Alternate Translation: "scattered the enemy kings and their armies"
Psa 68:32you kingdoms of the earthHere "kingdoms" refers to the citizens of the kingdoms. Alternate Translation: "you people who are citizens of kingdoms all over the world"
Psa 69:32let your hearts liveHere "hearts" refer to the people. Here "live" is an idiom that means to be encouraged. Alternate Translation: "may you be encouraged"
Psa 71:8My mouth will be filled with your praise ... with your honorThe psalmist speaks of his desire to praise and honor Yahweh with the words he speaks as if his mouth were full of words the way it can be full of food. Alternate Translation: "My mouth will be filled with words that praise you ... that honor you" or "I will always praise you ... will always honor you"
Psa 71:13those who are hostile to my lifeThe words "my life" represent the person. The idiom "hostile to my life" means that these are people who try to harm him by accusing him of wrongdoing. Alternate Translation: "those who accuse me of doing wrong"
Psa 71:15My mouth will tellThe mouth is synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate Translation: "I will tell" or "I will speak with my mouth and tell"
Psa 71:23My lips will shout for joyLips represent the whole person. Alternate Translation: "I will shout for joy"
Psa 71:23my soulHere "soul" refers to the whole person.
Psa 71:24My tongue will also talkHere "tongue" refers to the whole person. Alternate Translation: "I will also talk"
Psa 72:14redeems their livesHere "lives" refers to the whole person. Alternate Translation: "redeems them" or "saves them" or "rescues them"
Psa 73:9their tongues march through the earthThe word "tongues" represents the people themselves. Possible meanings are 1) "they go through the earth saying bad things about God" or "they go everywhere and boast about themselves."
Psa 73:21my heart was grievedThe word "heart" represents the person emphasizing their thoughts and feelings. Alternate Translation: "I was very sad"
Psa 73:23you hold my right handThe person's "right hand" refers to the whole person. This shows an intimate relationship with God that offers stability and security. Alternate Translation: "You hold me close"
Psa 77:2My soul refused to be comfortedThe "soul" represents the person. This can be stated in active form. Alternate Translation: "I would not allow anyone to try to comfort me"
Psa 77:20handHere "hand" is synechdoche for the whole person.
Psa 78:1the words of my mouthThe word "mouth" represents the person. Alternate Translation: "my words"
Psa 78:25the bread of angelsThis refers to the manna that God provided for the people. The word "bread" represents food in general. Alternate Translation: "the same kind of food that angels eat"
Psa 80:17the man of your right handthe nation of Israel, which Yahweh has chosen as his people.
Psa 81:1the God of JacobHere "Jacob" represents all of his descendants. Alternate Translation: "the God of Israel, the nation of Jacob's descendants"
Psa 81:4the God of JacobHere "Jacob" represents all of his descendants. Alternate Translation: "the God of Israel, the nation of Jacob's descendants"
Psa 81:5in JosephHere "Joseph" represents all of the Israelites. Alternate Translation: "to the Israelites"
Psa 81:6removed the burden from his shoulderHere "the burden from his shoulder" represents the forced labor the Israelites had to do as slaves in Egypt.
Psa 81:6his hands were freed from holding the basketHere "holding the basket" represents the forced labor the Israelites had to do as slaves in Egypt.
Psa 83:16Fill their faces with shameHere "faces" represents the whole person. Alternate Translation: "Make them very ashamed"
Psa 84:2the courts of YahwehHere "courts" represent the temple.
Psa 84:2My heart and all of my being call outHere "heart" represents the whole person. Alternate Translation: "I call out with all of my being"
Psa 85:1of JacobHere "Jacob" represents Jacob's descendents, the Israelites.
Psa 87:2gates of ZionHere "gates of Zion" represents the entire city of Jerusalem. Alternate Translation: "city of Jerusalem"
Psa 89:34the words of my lipsHere "lips" represent the whole mouth and the person speaking. Alternate Translation: "what I said"
Psa 89:43the edge of his swordHere "edge" represents the whole sword. Alternate Translation: "his sword"
Psa 90:17prosper the work of our handsHere "hands" represents the whole person. Alternate Translation: "cause us to be successful"
Psa 92:11My eyes have seen the downfall of my enemies; my ears have heard of the doom of my evil foesThe words "eyes" and "ears" are synecdoches for the person who sees and hears. The lines may be combined. Alternate Translation: "I have seen and heard of the defeat of my evil enemies"
Psa 95:5his hands formedThe word "hands" is a metonym for Yahweh himself. Alternate Translation: "he himself formed"
Psa 97:11those with honest heartsThe heart is a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate Translation: "honest people"
Psa 101:7before my eyesHere "my eyes" refers to David himself. Alternate Translation: "before me" or "in my presence"
Psa 102:3my bones burn like fireHere the author refers to his "body" as his "bones." Alternate Translation: "my body feels like it is burning"
Psa 102:4My heart is crushedHere the author refers to himself as his "heart." This can be stated in active form. Alternate Translation: "I am in despair"
Psa 102:15will honor your gloryThe people will honor Yahweh because of his glory. Here Yahweh is referred to by his glory. Alternate Translation: "will honor you because you are glorious"
Psa 103:1all that is within meall of me or "all that I am." David uses this phrase to refer to himself and to emphasize his devotion to Yahweh.
Psa 105:3let the heart of those who seek Yahweh rejoiceHere "the heart" represents the person who seeks Yahweh. Alternate Translation: "let the people who seek Yahweh rejoice"
Psa 105:16the whole supply of breadHere "bread" refers to food in general. Alternate Translation: "the whole supply of food"
Psa 107:12He humbled their hearts through hardshipHere the heart represents a person, but specifically his will. Alternate Translation: "He humbled them by allowing them to suffer hardship"
Psa 108:1My heart is fixed, GodHere David is referring to himself by his heart. Also, the word "fixed" means to trust completely. Alternate Translation: "My heart is fixed on you, God" or "I am trusting completely in you, God"
Psa 108:1I will sing praises also with my honored heartHere David is represented by his "heart." David refers to himself as having the honor of praising God. Alternate Translation: "You honor me by allowing me to sing praises to you"
Psa 110:7of the brookThis means the he will drink water from the brook. A brook is a small stream. Alternate Translation: "he will drink water from the brook"
Psa 111:7The works of his handsHere the word "hands" refers to Yahweh, himself. Alternate Translation: "The works that he does"
Psa 112:8His heart is tranquilHis heart is supported. Here the word "heart" refers to the person. Possible meanings are 1) "He is at peace" or 2) "He is confident"
Psa 115:4the work of men's handsHere the word "hands" represents the people who made the idols. Alternate Translation: "things which men have made"
Psa 116:1he hears my voice and my pleas for mercyHere the word "voice" represents the person who is speaking. The abstract nouns "pleas" and "mercy" can be stated as "plead" and "merciful." Alternate Translation: "he hears me when I plead for him to be merciful to me"
Psa 116:4rescue my lifeHere the word "life" represents the person. Alternate Translation: "rescue me" or "keep me from dying"
Psa 116:8my feet from stumblingThe verbal phrase may be supplied from the previous phrase to make the meaning clear. The feet here represent the person. Stumbling here probably represents being killed by his enemies. Alternate Translation: "you have rescued me from stumbling" or "you have kept me from being killed by my enemies"
Psa 119:59turned my feetHere "feet" represent the whole person. To repent and choose to obey God's laws is like turning one's feet on a path to head in another direction. Alternate Translation: "changed my direction"
Psa 119:82My eyes long to see your promiseHere "eyes" represents the whole person. Alternate Translation: "I wait and wait for you to do what you promised to do"
Psa 119:101kept my feetHere "feet" represents the whole person. Alternate Translation: "kept myself"
Psa 119:108of my mouthHere "mouth" represents the whole person.
Psa 119:111they are the joy of my heartHere "heart" represents the whole person. Alternate Translation: "they make me joyful" or "I delight in them"
Psa 119:120My body trembles in fear of youHere "body" represents the whole person. Alternate Translation: "I shake because I fear you"
Psa 119:123My eyes grow tired as I waitHere "eyes" represents the whole person. Alternate Translation: "I grow tired because I wait and wait"
Psa 119:133Direct my footstepsHere the word "footsteps" represents the writer as he is walking. He speaks of the way he lives, or his conduct, as if he were walking on a path. Alternate Translation: "Direct me" or "Teach me how to live"
Psa 119:145with my whole heartThe psalmist speaks of his whole being as if it were only his heart. Alternate Translation: "completely"
Psa 119:161my heart stands in awe of your wordThe psalmist speaks of the heart as if it could be amazed. The heart is a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate Translation: "I am amazed at your word"
Psa 119:173May your hand help meThe hand is a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate Translation: "Please help me"
Psa 120:2those who lie with their lips and deceive with their tonguesHere the phrases "their lips" and "their tongues" represent the people who speak lies and deceit. Alternate Translation: "those who lie to me and try to deceive me"
Psa 120:3you who have a lying tongueHere "a lying tongue" represents the person who speaks lies. Alternate Translation: "you who tell lies"
Psa 122:2our feet are standingHere "feet" refers to the whole person. Alternate Translation: "we are standing"
Psa 122:2within your gatesHere "gates" refers to the city. Alternate Translation: "inside you, Jerusalem"
Psa 122:7within the walls that defend you ... within your fortressesHere Jerusalem is referred to by the fortress walls that protects it. The terms "walls" and "fortress" refer to the same thing. Alternate Translation: "within Jerusalem"
Psa 128:2What your hands provideA man can be referred to by his hands because that is the part of the body he works with. Alternate Translation: "What you provide" or "What you work for"
Psa 130:2let your ears be attentiveThe ears represent Yahweh, but because the author knows that Yahweh hears everything, he is really asking for Yahweh to respond. Alternate Translation: "please listen" or "please respond"
Psa 130:6My soulMy soul represents the psalmist. Alternate Translation: "I"
Psa 131:1my heart is not proud or my eyes haughtyThe heart and the eyes represent the person. Alternate Translation: "I am not proud or haughty"
Psa 131:2I have stilled and quieted my soulThe soul represents the person or his emotions. Being calm and peaceful is spoken of has having making one's soul still and quiet. Alternate Translation: "I am calm and peaceful"
Psa 132:12your sonsHere "your sons" represents the descendants of David that would become king. Alternate Translation: "your descendants"
Psa 138:4your mouthThis expression stands for God himself. Alternate Translation: "you"
Psa 139:13You formed my inner partsInner parts refers to the interior organs of a person, but here the expression probably stands for the entire body. Alternate Translation: "You made my entire body
Psa 140:7you shield my head in the day of battleA person's head is in great danger during battle. Protecting the person's head represents protecting the whole person. Alternate Translation: "you protect me when I go to war"
Psa 141:5may my head not refuse to accept itThe head is a synecdoche for the person. The litotes can be translated as a positive statement. Alternate Translation: "may I accept it gladly"
Psa 141:8my eyes are on youThe eyes are a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate Translation: "I am looking to see what you will do" or "I expect you to help me"
Psa 141:8my soulThe soul is a metonym for the whole person. Alternate Translation: "me"
Psa 142:7Bring my soul out of prisonThis is a request. The "soul" represents the whole person. Alternate Translation: "bring me out of prison"
Psa 143:3pursued my soulHere the word "soul" represents the person. Alternate Translation: "pursued me"
Psa 143:6my soulThe soul is a metonym for the person.
Psa 144:1who trains my hands for war and my fingers for battleThe words "hands" and "fingers" are synecdoches for "me." If "war" and "battle" are the same word in your language, you can translate this as one line. Alternate Translation: "who trains me for war and trains me for battle" or "who trains me for war"
Psa 144:8Their mouths speak liesHere the word "mouths" represent the people who speak. Alternate Translation: "They speak lies"
Psa 144:11Their mouths speak liesThe people are represented by their "mouths." See how you translated these words in [Psalms 144:7-8](./007.md). Alternate Translation: "They speak lies"
Psa 145:15The eyes of all waitHere the word "eyes" represents those who watch and wait for Yahweh to act. Alternate Translation: "Everyone watches and waits"
Psa 145:21My mouth will speakHere the words "My mouth" represent the one speaking. Alternate Translation: "I will speak"
Psa 146:3in princesHere "princes" represents all human leaders.
Psa 147:13For he strengthens the bars of your gatesThe phrase "the bars of your gates" represent the city as a whole. Yahweh will make Jerusalem secure from enemy invasion. Alternate Translation: "For he protects Jerusalem"
Psa 149:6May the praises of God be in their mouthsThe mouth represents the whole person. Alternate Translation: "May they always be ready to praise God"
Pro 1:16their feet runHere "feet" represents the whole person. Alternate Translation: "they run"
Pro 2:6from his mouth comes knowledge and understandingHere "mouth" represents Yahweh himself or what he says. Alternate Translation: "from Yahweh comes knowledge and understanding" or "Yahweh tells us what we need to know and understand"
Pro 2:10pleasant to your soulHere "soul" represents the whole person. Alternate Translation: "pleasing to you" or "enjoyable to you"
Pro 3:22They will be life to your soulHere the word "soul" represents the person. Alternate Translation: "They will be life for you"
Pro 3:23your foot will not stumbleThe word "foot" represents the whole person. The writer speaks of doing wrong as if a person stumbled over an object in his path. Alternate Translation: "you will not do things that are wrong"
Pro 4:5the words of my mouthHere the word "mouth" represents the person who speaks. Alternate Translation: "what I am saying"
Pro 4:20incline your ear to my sayingsHere the word "ear" represents the person who is listening. The writer speaks of listening attentively to someone as if it were leaning forward so that the ear is closer to the one speaking. The word "sayings" can be translated as a verb. Alternate Translation: "listen attentively to the things that I am saying"
Pro 4:25Let your eyes look straight ahead and fix your gaze straight before youHere the word "eyes" represents the person who is looking. The writer speaks of a person being committed to doing the right thing as if that person were constantly looking forward without turning his head to look in another direction. Alternate Translation: "Always look straight ahead and fix your gaze straight before you"
Pro 4:26Make a level path for your footHere the word "foot" represents the person who is walking. The writer speaks of a person's actions as if he were walking along a path, and of planning those actions carefully as if it were making that path level. Alternate Translation: "Make a level path to walk on" or "Prepare well what you want to do"
Pro 4:27turn your foot away from evilHere the word "foot" represents the person who walks. The writer speaks of not committing evil actions as if the person were walking away from evil. Alternate Translation: "turn away from evil" or "stay away from evil"
Pro 5:1incline your earsHere the word "ears" represents the person who is listening. The writer speaks of listening attentively to someone as if it were leaning forward so that the ears are closer to the one speaking. See how you translated this in [Proverbs 4:20](../04/20.md). Alternate Translation: "listen attentively"
Pro 5:2your lips may protect knowledgeHere the word "lips" represents the person who speaks. The writer speaks of a person being careful only to say what is true as if the person's lips were protecting knowledge. Alternate Translation: "you will speak only what is true"
Pro 5:5Her feet go down to deathHere "her feet" represent the adulteress as she walks. The writer speaks of her conduct as if she were walking along a path. Alternate Translation: "She is walking along a path that leads to death" or "Her lifestyle leads to death"
Pro 5:7the words of my mouthHere the word "mouth" represents the person who is speaking. Alternate Translation: "my words" or "what I am saying"
Pro 5:8do not come near the door of her houseHere "the door of her house" represents the house itself. It may be more appropriate to use the word "go" instead of "come" since the latter might imply that the speaker is at the door of her house. Alternate Translation: "do not go near the door of her house" or "do not even go near her house"
Pro 5:12my heart despised correctionHere the word "heart" represents the person and his emotions. The word "correction" can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate Translation: "I despised people when they corrected me"
Pro 5:13incline my ear to my instructorsHere the word "ear" represents the person who is listening. The writer speaks of listening attentively to someone as if it were leaning forward so that the ear is closer to the one speaking. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Proverbs 4:20](../04/20.md). Alternate Translation: "listen to those who instructed me"
Pro 5:19Let her breasts satisfy youPossible meanings are 1) the wife's breasts excite the husband's sexual desire and possibly represent the wife's entire body. Alternate Translation: "Let her breasts satisfy your desires" or "Let her body satisfy your desires" or 2) this is a metaphor in which the writer speaks of the wife's breasts satisfying the husband's desires as they would satisfy the thirst of a hungry baby. Alternate Translation: "Let her breasts fill you with delight as a mother's breasts fill her child with food"
Pro 5:20why should you embrace the breasts of an immoral womanHere the word "breasts" represents the immoral woman and her sexual attractiveness. Alternate Translation: "why should you embrace an immoral woman"
Pro 6:4your eyes ... your eyelidsThis is a figure of speech using parts of your face to mean your whole body. Alternate Translation: "yourself ... yourself"
Pro 6:17eyes ... tongue ... hands ... heart ... feetAll of these body parts refer to a whole person. You can translate each of these with "people."
Pro 6:18eyes ... tongue ... hands ... heart ... feetAll of these body parts refer to a whole person. You can translate each of these with "people."
Pro 6:25her eyelashesThe "eyelashes" stand for the beautiful things about her body that she uses to catch a man's attention. Alternate Translation: "her beautiful eyes"
Pro 7:11her feet did not stay at homeThe phrase "her feet" represent the woman. Alternate Translation: "she did not stay at home"
Pro 7:15seek your faceHere "face" represents the person and especially the person's presence. Alternate Translation: "look for you" or "find out where you are"
Pro 7:25your heartHere "heart" represents a person, emphasizing his desires. Alternate Translation: "you"
Pro 8:6when my lips openHere "lips" represents a person's mouth, with which he speaks. Alternate Translation: "when I open my mouth to speak"
Pro 8:7my mouth speaksHere "mouth" represents a person who speaks. Alternate Translation: "I speak"
Pro 8:7wickedness is disgusting to my lipsHere "lips" represents a person who is speaking. Alternate Translation: "wickedness is disgusting to me" or "saying wicked things would be disgusting to me"
Pro 8:8the words of my mouthThe "mouth" stands for the person who is speaking. Alternate Translation: "The things I teach"
Pro 10:3Yahweh does not let the soul of the righteous person go hungryHere "soul" refers to the person. This can be stated in positive form. Alternate Translation: "Yahweh makes sure those who do what is right have food to eat"
Pro 14:1with her own handsThe woman is represented by her "hands." Alternate Translation: "by herself" or "by the way she behaves"
Pro 15:2The tongue of wise people compliments knowledgeHere the word "tongue" refers to the person who speaks. Alternate Translation: "Wise people compliment knowledge when they speak"
Pro 15:3The eyes of Yahweh are everywhereHere the word "eyes" represents Yahweh and emphasizes his ability to see everything. Alternate Translation: "Yahweh sees everything"
Pro 15:7not so the hearts of foolsPossible meanings are 1) the word "hearts" is synecdoche for the fools themselves and means that they do not scatter knowledge like wise people do. Alternate Translation: "fools do not scatter knowledge about" or 2) fools do not have knowledge in their hearts, with "hearts" being a metonym for the thoughts. Alternate Translation: "fools do not understand knowledge"
Pro 15:13A joyful heart makes the face cheerfulHere the word "heart" represents the person. Alternate Translation: "When a person is joyful, his face is cheerful"
Pro 15:14the mouth of fools feeds on follyHere the word "mouth" represents the person. The writer speaks of fools desiring foolish things as if they ate foolish things. Alternate Translation: "foolish people desire folly as if it were the food that they eat"
Pro 15:15a cheerful heart has an unending feastHere the word "heart" represents the person. The writer speaks of a cheerful person enjoying life as if that person were celebrating a feast that does not end. Alternate Translation: "the cheerful person enjoys life, as if he were celebrating an unending feast"
Pro 15:25houseThis is a synecdoche for the person's household, property, and wealth.
Pro 15:30brings joy to the heartThe word "heart" represents the person. Possible meanings are 1) the person who has a cheerful expression becomes joyful or 2) other people become joyful when they see someone with a cheerful expression. Alternate Translation: "causes a person to be joyful"
Pro 15:30good news is health to the bodyHere the word "body" represents the person. Alternate Translation: "receiving good news makes a person feel good"
Pro 16:1the answer from his tongueThe person is represented by his "tongue" to emphasize his speech. Alternate Translation: "the answer that he speaks"
Pro 16:5everyone who has an arrogant heartHere the word "heart" represents the person. Alternate Translation: "everyone who is arrogant"
Pro 16:10his mouth should not betray justiceThe word "mouth" represents the king himself. Alternate Translation: "he should not speak deceitfully when he judges"
Pro 16:13lips that say what is rightHere the word "lips" represents the person who speaks. Alternate Translation: "a person who speaks the truth"
Pro 16:24healing to the bonesHere the word "bones" represent a person's body. Alternate Translation: "healing to the body"
Pro 17:4wicked lipsThe word "lips" can be translated as either 1) a synecdoche for the person or 2) a metonym for the words that come out from those lips. Alternate Translation: "a wicked person" or "wicked talk"
Pro 17:4destructive tongueThe word "tongue" can be translated as either 1) a synecdoche for the person or 2) a metonym for the words that the tongue produces. Alternate Translation: "a destructive person" or "destructive talk"
Pro 17:7much less are lying lips suitable for royaltyThis describes people lying as if it were actually their "lips" that were lying. Alternate Translation: "even more it is not suitable for royalty to lie"
Pro 17:24the eyes of a fool areThis refers to a fool by his eyes to emphasize what he is focusing on. Alternate Translation: "the fool is"
Pro 18:4a man's mouthHere the man is referred to by his mouth to emphasize what he says. Alternate Translation: "of a man"
Pro 18:6A fool's lips bringHere the fool is referred to by his "lips" to emphasize what he says. Alternate Translation: "what a fool says brings"
Pro 18:12a person's heartHere a person is referred to by his heart to emphasize his thoughts and feelings. Alternate Translation: "a person"
Pro 18:14A person's spirit will survive sicknessHere a person is referred to by his spirit to emphasize his attitude. Alternate Translation: "A person who is hopeful will survive sickness" or "If a person is full of hope in his inner being, he will survive being sick"
Pro 18:15The heart of the intelligent acquiresHere the intelligent person is referred to by his heart to emphasize his desires. Alternate Translation: "The intelligent desire to acquire"
Pro 19:3his heart ragesHere a person is referred to by his "heart" to emphasize his emotions. Alternate Translation: "he rages"
Pro 19:28the mouth of the wicked swallowsThe phrase "the mouth of the wicked" represents wicked people. Alternate Translation: "wicked people swallow" or "the wicked swallow"
Pro 20:20his lampThis refers to a lamp with a burning flame. Here the lamp's flame is referred to as the lamp itself. Alternate Translation: "the flame of his lamp"
Pro 20:24A person's stepsThis refers to the various things a person does. Alternate Translation: "A person's actions"
Pro 21:4Haughty eyes and a proud heartThe words "eyes" and "heart" are synecdoches for a person who considers himself better than other people and wants other people to know it. Alternate Translation: "People who want others to think that they are better than other people"
Pro 21:4Haughty eyesThis is a synecdoche for a person who wants others to know that he thinks he is better than they are.
Pro 21:4proud heartThis is a synecdoche for a person who thinks he is better than others.
Pro 21:25his hands refuseThe hand is a synecdoche for the person. Alternate Translation: "he refuses"
Pro 22:11loves a pure heartIt is his own heart that the person wants to be pure. The heart is a synecdoche for the person. Alternate Translation: "loves having a pure heart" or "wants to be pure"
Pro 22:12The eyes of Yahweh keep watch overThe eyes are a synecdoche for the person. The writer speaks as if Yahweh had physical eyes like a person. Alternate Translation: "Yahweh keeps watch over" or "Yahweh guards knowledge"
Pro 22:17Incline your ear and listenHere the word "ear" represents the person who is listening. The writer speaks of listening attentively to someone as if it were leaning forward so that the ear is closer to the one speaking. See how you translated "incline your ear" in [Proverbs 4:20](../04/20.md). Alternate Translation: "Pay attention and listen" or "Listen attentively"
Pro 23:16when your lips speakYour lips means the whole person. Alternate Translation: "when you speak"
Pro 23:17Do not let your heart envy sinnersThe word "heart" is a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate Translation: "Do not allow yourself to envy sinners" or "Make sure you do not envy sinners"
Pro 23:20gluttonous eaters of meatPossible meanings are 1) "people who eat more meat than they need to" or 2) "meat" represents food in general. Alternate Translation: "people who eat more food than they need to"
Pro 23:26let your eyes observeThe eyes are a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate Translation: "observe" or "look carefully at"
Pro 23:33your heart will utter perverse thingsThe "heart" represents the person and emphasize what he thinks and decides to do. Alternate Translation: "you will think about and decide to do perverse things"
Pro 24:2their heartsThe words "their hearts" refer to the whole person. Alternate Translation: "they"
Pro 24:2their lipsThe words "their lips" refer to the whole person. Alternate Translation: "they"
Pro 24:17let not your heart be gladThis is a strong command. The word "heart" represents the person. Alternate Translation: "do not allow yourself to be glad" or "stop yourself from being glad"
Pro 25:12listening earThe ear is a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate Translation: "person who is willing to listen"
Pro 25:20a heavy heartThe heart is a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate Translation: "a sad person"
Pro 25:23result in angry facesThe face is a synecdoche for the person. Alternate Translation: "makes other people so angry you can see it in their faces"
Pro 26:9a thorn that goes into the hand of a drunkardPossible meanings are 1) if a drunk person holds a thornbush, a thorn will prick his hand, or 2) if a drunk person is angry, he will pick up a thornbush and swing it at people. For the second meaning, the word "thorn" represents a thornbush.
Pro 26:23so are burning lips and an evil heartThis represents a person who has burning lips and an evil heart. Alternate Translation: "so is a person who has burning lips and an evil heart" or "so is a person who says nice things but whose heart is evil"
Pro 26:28A lying tongue hates the people it crushesThe phrase "a lying tongue" represents a person who tells lies. Crushing people represents causing them trouble. Alternate Translation: "A liar hates those he hurts by his lies"
Pro 26:28a flattering mouth brings about ruinThe phrase "a flattering mouth" represents a person who flatters people. Possible meanings are 1) a person who flatters others causes trouble or 2) a person who flatters others ruins them
Pro 28:9turns away his ear from hearing the lawThis represents the whole person turning away from and rejecting God's law. Alternate Translation: "turns away from hearing and obeying the law"
Pro 28:26One who trusts in his own heartDepending on one's self is spoken of as trusting in one's own heart. Alternate Translation: "The person who relies on himself"
Ecc 1:8The eye is not satisfied by what it seesHere the "eye" represents the whole person. Alternate Translation: "A person is not satisfied by what his eyes see"
Ecc 1:8nor is the ear fulfilled by what it hearsHere the "ear" represents the whole person. Alternate Translation: "nor is a person content by what his ears hear"
Ecc 1:13I applied my mindHere the author refers to himself by his "mind" to emphasize his thoughts. Alternate Translation: "I determined" or "I applied myself"
Ecc 1:16I have spoken to my heartHere the author refers to himself by his "heart" to emphasize his feelings. Alternate Translation: "I have spoken to myself"
Ecc 1:17I applied my heartHere the author refers to himself by his "heart" to emphasize his feelings. Alternate Translation: "I determined" or "I applied myself"
Ecc 2:1I said in my heartHere the author refers to himself by his "heart" to emphasize his feelings. Alternate Translation: "I said to myself"
Ecc 2:10Whatever my eyes desired ... from themHere the author refers to himself by his "eyes" to emphasize what he sees. Alternate Translation: "Whatever I saw and desired ... from myself"
Ecc 2:10I did not withhold my heart from any pleasureHere the author refers to himself by his "heart" to emphasize his desires. This can be stated positively and the word "pleasure" can be expressed as a verb. Alternate Translation: "I did not keep myself from any pleasure" or "I allowed myself to enjoy everything that made me happy"
Ecc 2:10my heart rejoicedHere the author refers to himself by his "heart" to emphasize his desires. Alternate Translation: "I rejoiced"
Ecc 2:11all the deeds that my hands had accomplishedHere the author refers to himself by his "hands." Alternate Translation: "all that I had accomplished"
Ecc 2:15I said in my heartHere the author refers to himself by his "heart" to emphasize his feelings. Alternate Translation: "I said to myself"
Ecc 2:15I concluded in my heartHere the author refers to himself by his "heart" to emphasize his feelings. Alternate Translation: "I concluded"
Ecc 2:20my heart began to despairHere the author refers to himself by his "heart" to emphasize his feelings. Alternate Translation: "I began to despair" or "I began to lose all hope"
Ecc 3:17I said in my heartHere the author refers to himself by his "heart" to emphasize his feelings. Alternate Translation: "I said to myself"
Ecc 3:18I said in my heartHere the author refers to himself by his "heart" to emphasize his feelings. Alternate Translation: "I said to myself"
Ecc 4:8his eyes are not satisfiedHere the whole person is represented by his "eyes" to emphasize his desires. Alternate Translation: "he is not satisfied"
Ecc 5:2do not let your heartHere a person is represented by his "heart" to emphasize his emotions and desires. Alternate Translation: "do not"
Ecc 5:6destroy the work of your handsHere a person is represented by his "hands." Alternate Translation: "destroy everything you do"
Ecc 6:3his heart is not satisfied with goodThis refers to a man by his "heart" to emphasize his feelings. Alternate Translation: "he is not content with good things"
Ecc 7:4The heart of the wise is in the house of mourningHere wise people are referred to by their "hearts." This speaks of the wise person mourning as being in a house of mourning. Alternate Translation: "Wise people think deeply about death"
Ecc 7:4but the heart of fools is in the house of feastingHere foolish people are referred to by their "hearts." This speaks of foolish people thinking only about what makes them happy as being in a house of feasting. Alternate Translation: "but foolish people think only about enjoying themselves"
Ecc 8:5A wise man's heart recognizesHere a man is represented by his "heart" to emphasize his thoughts. Alternate Translation: "A wise man recognizes"
Ecc 8:9I have applied my heartHere the author refers to himself by his "heart" to emphasize his feelings. See how you translated this in [Ecclesiastes 1:17](../01/17.md). Alternate Translation: "I applied myself"
Ecc 8:11entices the hearts of human beingsHere people are represented by their "hearts" to emphasize their will and desires. Alternate Translation: "entices human beings"
Ecc 8:16I applied my heartHere the author refers to himself by his "heart" to emphasize his feelings. See how you translated this in [Ecclesiastes 1:17](../01/17.md). Alternate Translation: "I applied myself"
Ecc 8:16without sleep for the eyesHere a person is represented by his "eyes." Alternate Translation: "without sleeping"
Ecc 9:7your breadThis refers to food in general. Alternate Translation: "your food"
Ecc 9:10Whatever your hand finds to doHere a person is represented by his "hand" since a person often uses his hands to work. Alternate Translation: "Whatever you are able to do"
Ecc 9:14a great king came against itHere the "king" represents himself and his whole army. Alternate Translation: "a great king and his army"
Ecc 10:18because of idle handsHere a person is represented by his "hands" Alternate Translation: "because of an idle person" or "because the person is idle"
Ecc 10:18the house leaksHere the roof is represented by the whole house. Alternate Translation: "the roof leaks"
Ecc 11:5how a baby's bones growPossible meanings are 1) Here "bones" is a synecdoche representing the baby as a whole. Alternate Translation: "how a baby grows" or 2) literally, "how the bones of a baby grow"
Ecc 11:6work with your handsHere "hands" represents the whole person. Alternate Translation: "keep on working"
Ecc 11:7for the eyes to see the sunThe "eyes" represent the whole person. This phrase means basically the same thing as the previous phrase. Alternate Translation: "for a person to see the sun" or "to be alive"
Ecc 11:9whatever is within the sight of your eyesHere "eyes" represent the whole person. Alternate Translation: "whatever you see that you desire" or "whatever you see to be best"
Ecc 12:12brings weariness to the bodyHere "body" represents the whole person. Alternate Translation: "makes the person tired"
Sng 7:1the work of the hands of a master craftsmanThe hands are a synecdoche for the person. Alternate Translation: "the work of a master craftsman" or "something that a master craftsman has made"
Isa 1:20the mouth of Yahweh has spoken itThe word "mouth" emphasizes that Yahweh has spoken and what he says will certainly happen. Alternate Translation: "Yahweh has spoken" or "Yahweh has said that this will happen"
Isa 2:4swords ... spears ... swordThese words are synecdoches for weapons of any kind.
Isa 2:4plowshares ... pruning hooksThese words are synecdoches for tools of any kind that people use in peaceful activity.
Isa 2:8craftsmanship of their own handsThe word "hands" is a synecdoche for the people themselves. Alternate Translation: "their own craftsmanship" or "their own work" or "things they have made with their hands"
Isa 2:8things that their own fingers have madeThe word "fingers" is a synecdoche for the people themselves. Alternate Translation: "things that they have made with their own fingers"
Isa 3:8the eyes of his gloryHere "the eyes" stands for God himself, who is glorious. Alternate Translation: "him who is glorious" or "Yahweh who is glorious"
Isa 4:2the branch of Yahweh will be beautifulPossible meanings are 1) "branch" is a synecdoche that represents the crops Yahweh will cause to grow in the land of Israel. Alternate Translation: "Yahweh will cause the crops in Israel to be beautiful" or 2) "branch" is a metaphor that refers to the Messiah.
Isa 5:12the doings of his handsHere the metonym "hands" represents the person who has done something. Alternate Translation: "what Yahweh has done"
Isa 6:5my eyes have seenHere "eyes" represents the whole person. Alternate Translation: "I have seen"
Isa 6:8the voice of the Lord sayHere "voice" represents the Lord himself. Alternate Translation: "the Lord say"
Isa 7:1Rezin ... and Pekah ... went upThe author speaks as if the kings were the armies they led. Alternate Translation: "Rezin ... and Pekah ... led their armies up"
Isa 9:11Therefore Yahweh will raise up against him Rezin, his adversaryHere "Rezin" represents himself and his army. Alternate Translation: "Therefore, Yahweh will bring Rezin and his army against the people of Israel"
Isa 9:17every mouth speaks foolish thingsThe word "mouth" refers to the person. Alternate Translation: "every person speaks foolish things"
Isa 10:6I send him ... I order himThe word "him" here also refers to the king of Assyria. But it does not mean God is only sending the king; he is sending with him the army of Assyria. Alternate Translation: "I send the army of Assyria ... I order them"
Isa 10:13I have broughtHere the word "I" refers to the king of Assyria. He was the leader of the Assyrian army and took credit for what the army did at his command. Alternate Translation: "I and my army have brought" or "we have brought
Isa 10:24He will strikeThe word "He" refers to "the Assyrian" which represents the king of Assyria and his army. Alternate Translation: "He and his army will strike"
Isa 11:12from the four corners of the earthThe earth is pictured as if it has four corners, and those corners are its most distant places. This refers to everywhere on earth where those people might be. Alternate Translation: "from even the most distant places of the earth" or "from all over the earth"
Isa 14:25the AssyrianThis represents the Assyrian king and his army. Alternate Translation: "the king of Assyria and his army" or "the Assyrian army"
Isa 15:5My heart cries out for MoabHere God is represented by his "heart" which emphasizes his emotions. God speaks of his great sadness as if his heart cried out. Alternate Translation: "I am extremely sad about what is happening to Moab"
Isa 16:11So my heart sighs like a harp for MoabThe phrase "my heart" represents Yahweh and his sad feelings. He compares his sigh to the sound of a sad song played on a harp. Alternate Translation: "So I sigh like a sad song on a harp"
Isa 17:3Fortified cities will disappear from EphraimEphraim was the largest tribe in Israel. Here it represents the entire northern kingdom of Israel. Alternate Translation: "Strong cities will disappear from Israel"
Isa 17:7men will lookThe word "men" represents people in general. Alternate Translation: "people will look"
Isa 17:7their eyes will lookHere "eyes" represents the people who look. Alternate Translation: "they will look" or "the people will look"
Isa 17:8the work of their handsHere the people are represented by their "hands" to emphasize that they made the altars or idols. Alternate Translation: "that they made with their hands" or "which they themselves built"
Isa 17:12the rushing of nationsThe word "nations" refers to the armies of those nations. Alternate Translation: "the rushing of the enemy armies"
Isa 21:14with breadHere "bread" represents food in general.
Isa 22:14This was revealed in my ears by Yahweh of hostsHere "ears" represents Isaiah as a whole. This can be stated in active form. Alternate Translation: "Yahweh of hosts revealed this to me"
Isa 23:7whose feet carried her far away to foreign places to settleHere "feet" represents the whole person. Alternate Translation: "who went to distant places to live and make money"
Isa 24:17the pit, and the snare ... caught in the snareHere "pit" and "snare" represent all the different bad things that will happen to people. People will run away to escape one bad thing but they will just experience another bad thing.
Isa 24:18the pit, and the snare ... caught in the snareHere "pit" and "snare" represent all the different bad things that will happen to people. People will run away to escape one bad thing but they will just experience another bad thing.
Isa 26:9my spirit within me seeks you earnestlyHere "spirit" represents the speaker as a whole.
Isa 28:2the Lord sends one who is mighty and strongHere "one" refers to a mighty king who also represents his powerful army. Alternate Translation: "the Lord sends a king with his powerful army"
Isa 28:11with mocking lips and a foreign tongue he will speak to this peopleHere "lips" and "tongue" represent the foreigners who speak a different language than the Israelites do. It is implied that this refers to the Assyrian army that will attack Israel. Alternate Translation: "Yahweh will speak to this people through enemy soldiers who will speak a foreign language"
Isa 28:17Hail ... the floodwatersPossible meanings are 1) these are a synecdoche representing anything in general that will cause destruction or 2) these are a metaphor referring to the enemy army that Yahweh will send to destroy the people of Jerusalem.
Isa 28:18When the raging flood passes throughPossible meanings are 1) "flood" is a synecdoche that represents anything in general that will cause destruction or 2) "flood" is a metaphor referring to the enemy army that Yahweh will send to destroy the people of Jerusalem.
Isa 29:18the eyes of the blindHere "eyes" represents the whole person. Alternate Translation: "those who are blind"
Isa 30:20you will see your teacher with your own eyesHere "eyes" represents the whole person. Alternate Translation: "you yourselves will see your teacher"
Isa 30:21Your ears will hearHere "ears" represents the whole person. Alternate Translation: "You will hear"
Isa 30:23bread with abundance from the groundHere "bread" represents food in general. Alternate Translation: "he will cause the ground to produce plenty of food for you to eat"
Isa 30:27His lips are full of fury, and his tongue is like a devouring fireHere "lips" and "tongue" are metonyms that represent Yahweh speaking. And, Yahweh speaks with so much anger and power that it is spoken of as if his tongue were a fire. Alternate Translation: "When he speaks his fury is like a fire that destroys everything"
Isa 31:7that your own hands have sinfully madeHere the people are referred to by their "hands" the emphasize that they made something with their hands. Alternate Translation: "that you have sinned by making with you own hands"
Isa 32:6his heart plans evilHere the foolish person is referred to by his heart to emphasize his inner thoughts. Alternate Translation: "he plans evil things in his heart"
Isa 33:2every morningThis refers to the whole day, not just the morning. Alternate Translation: "every day"
Isa 33:9Bashan and Carmel shake off their leavesHere Bashan and Carmel are represented by their trees. Alternate Translation: "there are no more leaves on the trees in Bashan and Carmel"
Isa 33:17Your eyes will see ... they will seeThis refers the audience by their "eyes." Alternate Translation: "You will see ... you will see"
Isa 33:18Your heart will recall the terrorThis refers to the audience by their "hearts." "The terror" refers to their war with the Assyrians. This can be stated clearly. Alternate Translation: "You will remember the terror that the Assyrians caused you when they attacked"
Isa 33:20your eyes will seeThe people are referred to by their "eyes" to emphasize what they are seeing. Alternate Translation: "you will see"
Isa 34:16for his mouth has commanded itYahweh is referred to by his "mouth" to emphasize what he has said. Alternate Translation: "for Yahweh has commanded it"
Isa 35:1blossomThis speaks of the plants in the desert blossoming as if the desert itself were blossoming. Alternate Translation: "its plants will blossom"
Isa 35:3Strengthen the weak hands, and steady the knees that shake.The words "weak hands" and "knees that shake" represent a person who is fearful. Alternate Translation: "Strengthen those whose hands are weak and whose knees shake from fear"
Isa 35:4those with a fearful heartHere people are referred to by their hearts, which emphasize their inner feelings. Alternate Translation: "to those who are fearful"
Isa 35:6the mute tongue will singThis refers to people who cannot speak. They are referred to by their "tongues" to emphasize their healing. Alternate Translation: "mute people will sing"
Isa 35:10everlasting joy will be on their headsThis uses a person's head to mean the person as a whole. Alternate Translation: "they will have everlasting joy"
Isa 36:1Sennacherib ... attacked all the fortified citiesHere Sennacherib represents himself and his army. Alternate Translation: "Sennacherib and his army ... attacked all the fortified cities"
Isa 37:12that my fathers destroyedThese men destroyed the cities listed by conquering them with their armies. Here the word "fathers" refers to his father and his other ancestors who were kings. Alternate Translation: "that my fathers destroyed with their armies"
Isa 37:14from hand of the messengersHere the messengers are referred to by their "hand" to emphasize that they personally gave it to the king. Alternate Translation: "that the messengers gave him"
Isa 37:19for they were not gods but the work of men's hands, just wood and stoneThis emphasizes that humans made these idols with their own hands and are therefore worthless. Alternate Translation: "because they were false gods that men made out of wood and stone"
Isa 37:24I have gone ... I will cut ... I will enter ... I have dug ... I dried ... my feetHere Sennacherib speaks of himself conquering many things. He is actually conquering them with the armies and chariots that he commands. Alternate Translation: "We have gone ... We will cut ... we will enter ... We have dug ... we dried ... our feet"
Isa 37:25I have gone ... I will cut ... I will enter ... I have dug ... I dried ... my feetHere Sennacherib speaks of himself conquering many things. He is actually conquering them with the armies and chariots that he commands. Alternate Translation: "We have gone ... We will cut ... we will enter ... We have dug ... we dried ... our feet"
Isa 37:33He will not come ... He will not comeHere the Assyrian king refers to both him and his army. Alternate Translation: "His army will not come ... They will not come"
Isa 37:34he came ... he will not enterHere the Assyrian king refers to both him and his army. Alternate Translation: "they came ... they will not enter"
Isa 37:37Sennacherib king of Assyria left Israel and went home and stayed in NinevehHere Sennacherib refers to both him and his army. They all left Israel and returned home to Assryia. Sennacherib returned to the city Nineveh. Alternate Translation: "Sennacherib and his army left Israel and went home, and Sennacherib stayed in Nineveh"
Isa 38:14my eyesHere Hezekiah refers to himself my his "eyes" to emphasize that he is looking for something. Alternate Translation: "I"
Isa 40:2from Yahweh's handHere the word "hand" represents Yahweh himself. Alternate Translation: "from Yahweh"
Isa 40:3A voice cries outThe word "voice" represents the person who cries out. Alternate Translation: "Someone cries out"
Isa 40:5for the mouth of Yahweh has spoken itThe word "mouth" represents Yahweh himself. Alternate Translation: "for Yahweh has spoken it"
Isa 41:20the hand of Yahweh has done thisHere the word "hand" represents Yahweh himself. Alternate Translation: "Yahweh has done this"
Isa 44:18for their eyes are blindHere "their eyes" represents the whole person. Alternate Translation: "for they are blind"
Isa 44:18their hearts cannot perceiveHere the people are represented by their "hearts." Alternate Translation: "they cannot understand"
Isa 45:11the work of my handsHere the word "hands" represents Yahweh. Alternate Translation: "the things that I have made"
Isa 45:12It was my hands thatHere the word "hands" represents Yahweh. Alternate Translation: "It was I who"
Isa 45:23To me every knee will bend, every tongue will swearThe words "knee" and "tongue" represent the people. Alternate Translation: "Every person will kneel before me, and everyone will swear"
Isa 48:3they came out from my mouthMouth refers to someone speaking. Alternate Translation: "I spoke these things"
Isa 48:13my hand laid the foundation of the earth, and my right hand spread out the heavensHere "hand" refers to Yahweh. Alternate Translation: "I laid the foundation of the earth, and I spread out the heavens"
Isa 50:4he awakens my ear to hearHere "my ear" refers to Yahweh's servant. Yahweh enabling him to hear and understand what Yahweh teaches him is spoken of as if Yahweh awakened his ear from sleep. Alternate Translation: "he has enabled me to understand what he says"
Isa 50:6I did not hide my face from acts of shame and spittingHiding one's face means to protect oneself. Alternate Translation: "I did not defend myself when they mocked me and spat on me"
Isa 50:7so I have made my face like flintHere "my face" refers to the servant. The servant being steadfastly determined to obey Yahweh is spoken of as if his face were as hard as flint. Alternate Translation: "so I am absolutely determined"
Isa 51:9Awake, awake ... arm of YahwehPeople speak as if Yahweh's arm were asleep because it has not been helping them. Here the "arm of Yahweh" represents Yahweh, specifically him helping people. The word "Awake" is repeated to show that they need God's help urgently.
Isa 51:11with gladness forever on their headsThis uses a person's head to mean the person as a whole. Alternate Translation: "they will be glad forever"
Isa 51:14nor will he lack breadHere "bread" represents food in general. This can be written in positive form. Alternate Translation: "nor will he be without food"
Isa 51:17out of the hand of YahwehHere Yahweh is referred to by his hand to emphasize that he is the one who gave the bowl to his people. Alternate Translation: "that he gave to you"
Isa 51:21you oppressed one and drunken oneYahweh uses the word "one" here to refer to all of the oppressed people. Alternate Translation: "you oppressed people and drunken people"
Isa 52:7How beautiful on the mountains are the feet of the messenger who brings good newsHere "feet" represents a messenger who is walking. Alternate Translation: "It is beautiful to see a messenger coming over the mountains to announce good news"
Isa 52:8every eye of theirsHere "eye" represents the whole person. Alternate Translation: "every one of them"
Isa 55:2for what is not breadHere the word "bread" represents food in general. It is implied that the people were buying things to eat that were not really food. Alternate Translation: "for things to eat that are not really food"
Isa 55:11my word will be that goes from my mouthHere the word "mouth" represents Yahweh himself. Alternate Translation: "the word that I speak"
Isa 56:2keeps his hand from doing any evilHere the "hand" represents the whole person and emphasizes the person's actions or behaviors. Alternate Translation: "does not do evil things"
Isa 58:13you turn back your feet from traveling on the Sabbath day, and from doing your own pleasure on my holy dayHere the people are represented by their "feet." God did not allow long travels or work on the day of rest. Alternate Translation: "you stop traveling and doing what you want to do on the Sabbath, my holy day"
Isa 58:14for the mouth of Yahweh has spokenThe word "mouth" symbolizes what Yahweh says. Alternate Translation: "for Yahweh has spoken it"
Isa 59:7Their feet run to evilHere people are represented by their "feet." This speaks of them doing something quickly as their feet running to it. Alternate Translation: "They are quick to do evil things"
Isa 62:10Gather out the stonesTake the stones out of the road to make it smooth. Stones represent all the obstacles to quick travel.
Isa 63:16though Abraham does not know us, and Israel does not recognize usThese ancestors of the nation of Israel would not able to identify their descendants because they changed so much. "Abraham" and "Israel" represent the people from the distant past.
Isa 64:4nor eye seenHere the "eye" refers to the whole person. Alternate Translation: "nor has anyone seen"
Isa 65:12appoint you for the swordThe sword represents various weapons of war that Yahweh will use to punish those who do not respond to Yahweh's call.
Isa 66:2My hand has made all these thingsYahweh is represented by his hand which emphasizes his power and authority. Alternate Translation: "I have made all these things"
Isa 66:14your bones will sproutBones refers to the whole body.
Isa 66:16with his swordSword is one weapon that represents all of warfare and killing.
Jer 4:7someone who will destroy nationsHere "someone" represents a king and his army.
Jer 4:15a voice is bringing news from DanHere "a voice" represents a messenger. Alternate Translation: "a messenger comes and tells about what is happening in Dan"
Jer 5:17They will beat down with a sword your fortified citiesThe sword is a synecdoche for all of the different weapons that people use in war. Alternate Translation: "They will use their weapons to conquer your strong cities that you trusted to protect you"
Jer 6:22a great nationHere "nation" represents the army of the nation. Alternate Translation: "the army of a great nation"
Jer 8:5JerusalemThe word "Jerusalem" here is a synecdoche for all the people of Judah. Alternate Translation: "Judah"
Jer 8:18my heart is sickHere "heart" represents Jeremiah, emphasizing his feelings and emotions. Alternate Translation: "I feel sick deep down inside me"
Jer 9:5Their tongues teach deceitful thingsHere people are represented by their "tongues" to emphasize their speech. Alternate Translation: "They teach deceitful things"
Jer 9:12the mouth of YahwehHere Yahweh's speech is represented by his "mouth." Alternate Translation: "Yahweh"
Jer 10:19General Information:Jeremiah is speaking as if he were the whole tribe of Israel.
Jer 10:19but I must bear itHere Jeremiah represents the whole tribe of Israel. Alternate Translation: "but we must bear it"
Jer 10:20They have taken my children away from meHere Jeremiah represents the whole tribe of Israel. Alternate Translation: "Our enemies have taken our children away from us"
Jer 11:21you will die by our handHere the men refer to their "hand" to emphasize that they plan to kill him themselves. Alternate Translation: "we ourselves will kill you"
Jer 13:16before he causes your feet to stumbleHere a person is referred to by his "feet" to emphasize that he is walking. Alternate Translation: "before he causes you to trip and fall as you walk"
Jer 14:2let her gates fall apartHere the word "gates," which keep enemies out of cities and where people conduct business and government, is a synecdoche for Judah's cities, and Judah's cities are a metonym for the people who live in them. Alternate Translation: "let her cities fall apart" or "let the people in her cities become unable to defend themselves"
Jer 14:10have not held back their feetHere the people are referred to by their "feet" to emphasize their walking away from Yahweh. Alternate Translation: "have not kept themselves"
Jer 16:17my eye is on all their waysHere the word "eye" represents Yahweh who sees all that they do. Alternate Translation: "I am watching everything they do"
Jer 16:17Their iniquity cannot be concealed from before my eyesHere the word "eyes" represents Yahweh who sees. This can be stated in active form. Alternate Translation: "They cannot conceal their iniquity from me"
Jer 17:1engraved on the tablet of their heartsThe sinful habits of the people are spoken of as if their sins had been engraved on their own hearts. The word "hearts" refers to the whole person: their thoughts, emotions, and actions. Alternate Translation: "engraved in their very beings"
Jer 17:16the proclamations that came from my lipsHere the word "lips" represents Jeremiah who spoke. The word "proclamations" can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate Translation: "the proclamations that I spoke" or "the things that I proclaimed"
Jer 18:22have hidden traps for my feetHere the word "feet" represents Jeremiah. Alternate Translation: "have hidden traps for me" or "have hidden traps for me to step on"
Jer 20:4your eyes will see itHere the word "eyes" represents Pashhur. Alternate Translation: "you will see it"
Jer 20:9it is like a fire in my heart, held within my bonesHere the words "heart" and "bones" represent Jeremiah's innermost being. Jeremiah speaks of being unable to not speak Yahweh's message as if Yahweh's message were a fire that burns within him. Alternate Translation: "Yahweh's word is like a fire that burns deep within me"
Jer 20:18my days are filled with shameHere the word "days" represents all the days of Jeremiah's life. Alternate Translation: "my life is filled with shame"
Jer 22:8Then many nations will pass by this cityHere "nations" refers to the people from those nations that pass by. Alternate Translation: "Then many people from various nations will pass by this city"
Jer 23:14They strengthen the hands of evildoersHere "hands" refers to the whole person. Alternate Translation: "They strengthen those who do evil" or "They encourage people who do evil"
Jer 26:13listen to the voice of YahwehThe voice is a synecdoche for the person, and the same word can be translated "listen" or "obey." Alternate Translation: "obey Yahweh"
Jer 26:19appease the face of YahwehThe face is a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate Translation: "cause Yahweh to be less angry"
Jer 27:3Send them by the hand of those kings' ambassadors who ... JudahThe hand is a synecdoche for the person. Alternate Translation: "Have those kings' ambassadors, who ... Judah, take them"
Jer 29:3by the hand of ElasahJeremiah gave the scroll to Elasah so that Elasah could take it to Babylon. The reader should understand that Elasah probably put the scroll in a container to keep it safe as he traveled.
Jer 32:4His mouth will speak to the king's mouth, and his eyes will see the king's eyesHere "mouth" and "eyes" represent the whole person. Alternate Translation: "Zedekiah himself will see and directly speak with Nebuchadnezzar"
Jer 33:5I hide my faceYahweh is represented by his "face." This phrase shows Yahweh's displeasure with the city. Alternate Translation: "I have turned away from you" or "I am no longer concerned with you"
Jer 37:2he proclaimed by the hand of Jeremiah the prophetThe hand is a synecdoche for the person. Alternate Translation: "he had Jeremiah the prophet proclaim"
Jer 39:6slaughtered Zedekiah's sons before his own eyesThe eyes are a synecdoche for the whole person. The reader should also understand that others probably helped the king of Babylon kill Zedekiah's sons. Alternate Translation: "forced Zedekiah to watch as the king's soldiers killed Zedekiah's sons"
Jer 41:3Then Ishmael killedHere "Ishmael" represents himself and the ten men with him. Alternate Translation: "Then Ishmael and the ten men with him killed"
Jer 41:9against King Baasha of IsraelHere King Baasha represents himself and his army. Alternate Translation: "against Baasha, king of Israel, and his army"
Jer 41:9Ishmael son of Nethaniah filled itHere Ishmael represents himself and all of his men. Alternate Translation: "Ishmael and his men filled it"
Jer 41:10Ishmael capturedHere Ishmael represents himself and his men. Alternate Translation: "Ishmael and his men captured"
Jer 41:11Ishmael son of Nethaniah ... found himHere "Ishmael" represents himself and all of his men. Alternate Translation: "Ishmael and his men ... found them"
Jer 41:12Ishmael son of Nethaniah ... found himHere "Ishmael" represents himself and all of his men. Alternate Translation: "Ishmael and his men ... found them"
Jer 41:14whom Ishmael had capturedHere "Ishmael" represents himself and all of his men. Alternate Translation: "whom Ishmael and his men had captured"
Jer 41:15He went to the people of AmmonHe refers to Ishmael who represents himself and the eight men with him. Alternate Translation: "They went to the people of Ammon"
Jer 42:17all the men who set outThe men are used to refer to all the people because they are the leaders in their families. Alternate Translation: "anyone who sets out"
Jer 44:9the streets of JerusalemJerusalem is referred to by the part of the city where people walk. This means the people did evil things in public places. Alternate Translation: "Jerusalem" or "the public places of Jerusalem"
Jer 44:17the streets of JerusalemHere "streets" represent the public places in Jerusalem. Alternate Translation: "in the public places of Jerusalem" or "in Jerusalem"
Jer 44:25have said with your mouths and carried out with your hands what you saidHere "mouths" and "hands" represent the whole person. Alternate Translation: "have done what you promised to do when you said"
Jer 48:36my heart is lamenting for Moab like a fluteHere "heart" represents the whole person. The person's sad crying is compared to the sad music played on a flute at a funeral. Alternate Translation: "I cry sadly for Moab. My cries are like the sad music a person plays on a flute at a funeral"
Jer 48:44fall into the pit ... caught in the trapHere "the pit" and "the trap" represent all the different bad things that will happen to the people. People will run away to escape one bad thing but they will just experience another bad thing.
Jer 48:45It will devour the forehead of Moab and the top of the heads of the boastful peopleHere "forehead" and "top of the heads" represent the people of Moab as a whole. Alternate Translation: "It will burn up all the people in Moab who noisily boasted very much"
Jer 50:1by the hand of Jeremiah the prophetThe hand is a synecdoche for the person. See how you translated this in [Jeremiah 37:2](../37/02.md). Alternate Translation: "through Jeremiah, who was a prophet"
Jer 50:41a great nation and many kingsThis phrase refers to the time when the Medes and Persians conquered Babylon in 539 BC. Here "nation" represents their armies. Alternate Translation: "the armies of a great nation and many kings"
Jer 52:10slaughtered Zedekiah's sons before his own eyesThe eyes are a synecdoche for the whole person. The reader should also understand that others probably helped the king of Babylon kill Zedekiah's sons. Alternate Translation: "forced Zedekiah to watch as the king of Babylon slaughtered Zedekiah's sons"
Lam 1:10the nationsThis refers to people from various nations, not the entire population of those nations. Alternate Translation: "people from the nations"
Lam 1:11breadThis refers to food in general. Alternate Translation: "food"
Lam 1:18My virgins and my vigorous men have gone into captivityHere all of the people of Jerusalem who were taken into captivity are represented by the "virgins" and the "vigorous men" who were taken. Alternate Translation: "Many of my people, including my virgins and vigorous men, have gone into captivity"
Lam 1:20my heart is disturbed within meHere the woman, representing Jerusalem, refers to her "heart" to emphasize her feelings. Alternate Translation: "my heart is broken" or "I am extremely sad"
Lam 1:22my heart is faintHere the "heart" represents the whole person. Alternate Translation: "I am faint"
Lam 2:7the walls of her palacesHere the word "her" may refer either to the temple or to Jersualem. Possible translations are 1) "the walls of the temple" or 2) "the walls of Jerusalem's palaces." The word "walls" is a synecdoche for the whole building, and the building is a synecdoche for all of Jerusalem.
Lam 2:18Their heart cried out to the LordHere the word "heart" represents the whole person emphasizing one's innermost being. Possible meanings of who cried out are 1) the people of Jerusalem. Alternate Translation: "The people of Jerusalem shouted to the Lord from their innermost being" or 2) the walls are being personified. Alternate Translation: "You walls, cry out to the Lord from your innermost being"
Lam 4:10The hands of compassionate womenHere the women are represented by their "hands." Because they were so hungry, women who had been compassionate in the past were no longer compassionate toward their children; instead they boiled them for food. Alternate Translation: "Compassionate women" or "Women who had been compassionate in the past"
Lam 4:11that consumed her foundationsHere "her foundations" represents the whole city, even the part of the city that would be ruined last. Alternate Translation: "that burned down the city, even its foundations"
Lam 5:15The joy of our heartHere the word "heart" refers to the whole person and emphasizes their emotions. Alternate Translation: "Our joy"
Ezk 3:8I have made your face as stubborn as their facesThe words "face" and "faces" are used to stand for the people the sentence is about. Alternate Translation: "I have made you as stubborn as they are"
Ezk 5:11my eye will not have pity on youThe eye is a synecdoche for the person whose eye it is. Alternate Translation: "I will not pity you"
Ezk 6:9I was grieved by their promiscuous heart that turned away from meYahweh speaks of the Israelites as if they were a woman who sleeps with many people. Alternate Translation: "I was sad because they were like a wife who has left me to sleep with other men"
Ezk 6:9by their eyes that whored after their idolsYahweh speaks of the Israelites as if they were a married woman who looks at other men and desires to sleep with them. Alternate Translation: "by the way they desired strongly to worship idols"
Ezk 7:4For my eyes will not pity youThe eye is a synecdoche for the person whose eye it is. Alternate Translation: "For I will not pity you"
Ezk 7:9For my eye will not look compassionatelyThe eye is a synecdoche for the person whose eye it is. Alternate Translation: "I will not look on them with compassion" or "I will not be compassionate to them"
Ezk 7:17Every hand will falter and every knee will be weak as waterThe hands and knees are synecdoches for the people themselves. Alternate Translation: "Everyone will be so terrified that they will be unable to work and their knees will become weak so that they cannot stand"
Ezk 7:27the hands of the people of the land will tremble in fearThe word "hands" is a synecdoche for the people. Alternate Translation: "the people of the land will be so afraid that their hands will tremble"
Ezk 8:18my eye will not have compassionThe eye is a synecdoche for the person whose eye it is. Alternate Translation: "I will not look on them with compassion" or "I will not be compassionate to them"
Ezk 9:5Do not let your eyes have compassionThe eye is a synecdoche for the person whose eye it is. Alternate Translation: "Do not have compassion"
Ezk 9:10my eye will not look with compassionThe eye is a synecdoche for the person whose eye it is. Alternate Translation: "I will not look on them with compassion" or "I will not be compassionate to them"
Ezk 13:22discourage the heart of the righteous personHere the word "heart" represents the person and his emotions. Alternate Translation: "discourage the righteous person"
Ezk 14:6Turn back your facesHere the word "faces" represents the people. Alternate Translation: "Turn back"
Ezk 16:4your mother did not cut your navelHere "navel" refers to the umbilical cord that is attached to the navel. Alternate Translation: "you mother did not cut your umbilical cord"
Ezk 16:5No eye had compassion for youHere the word "eye" represents the person who sees. Alternate Translation: "Nobody who saw you had compassion for you"
Ezk 16:27I will hand your life overHere "life" represents the person. Alternate Translation: "I will hand you over"
Ezk 16:49She did not strengthen the hands of the poor and needy peopleHere the word "hands" represents the people who work with their hands. The words "poor" and "needy" emphasize that these are people who cannot help themselves. Alternate Translation: "She did not help the people who could not help themselves"
Ezk 16:56Sodom your sister was not even mentioned by your mouthHere the word "mouth" represents the person who speaks. This can be stated in active form. Alternate Translation: "You did not even mention your sister Sodom"
Ezk 17:9No strong arm or many people will be needed to pull it outThe phrase "strong arm" represents a strong person. This can be stated in active form. Alternate Translation: "There will be no need for a strong person or many people to pull it out"
Ezk 18:4The soul who sinsHere the word "soul" represents the person. Alternate Translation: "The person who sins"
Ezk 20:17my eye spared themHere the word "eye" represents Yahweh. Alternate Translation: "I spared them"
Ezk 20:22I turned my hand awayHere the word "hand" represents Yahweh and turning his hand away means that he does not do what he was going to do. Alternate Translation: "But I did not do that"
Ezk 20:24Their eyes were longing after their fathers' idolsHere the word "eyes" represents the person who looks to the idols to worship them. Alternate Translation: "They were longing after their fathers' idols"
Ezk 20:47every face from the south to the northHere the word "face" represents the person. By mentioning the opposite directions, Yahweh refers to everyone who lives in the north, in the south, and everywhere in between. Alternate Translation: "every person who lives in that area"
Ezk 21:6before their eyesHere the Israelites are referred to by their "eyes" to emphasize what they see. Alternate Translation: "before them" or "before the Israelite people"
Ezk 21:7for every heart will faint awayThis speaks of people becoming afraid, as if their hearts were fainting. Also, this speaks of the people fainting as a result of fear. Alternate Translation: "for everyone will become fearful"
Ezk 22:14Will your heart standHere the whole person is referred to by his "heart" to emphasize his emotions and will. Here the idea of "standing" is an idiom that means to be courageous. Alternate Translation: "Will you stand" or "Will you be courageous"
Ezk 22:14will your hands be strongHere the whole person is referred to by his "hands." Alternate Translation: "will you be strong"
Ezk 23:39in the middle of my houseThis refers to the house in general. The reference to the "middle" emphasizes that what was done happened openly in the temple and defiled the whole place. Alternate Translation: "in my own house"
Ezk 24:4Gather pieces of foodHere "food" refers specifically to meat. Alternate Translation: "Place pieces of meat"
Ezk 24:16the desire of your eyes fromThis refers to Ezekiel's wife. Yahweh refers to Ezekiel by the part of his body he uses to see his wife. Alternate Translation: "your wife, whom you love very much, from"
Ezk 24:21the delight of your eyesHere Yahweh refers to the people by their "eyes." Alternate Translation: "the building that you delight to look at"
Ezk 24:21the yearning of your soulHere Yahweh refers to the people by their "soul" to emphasize their inner feelings. Alternate Translation: "the building that you truly love"
Ezk 28:9to the face ofHere the face represents being in the presence of another person. Alternate Translation: "in the presence of" or "before"
Ezk 28:17Your heart was arrogantHere the "heart" represents the whole person, emphasizing the person's thoughts. Alternate Translation: "You were arrogant"
Ezk 29:11No man's foot will pass through itHere "man's foot" represents people. Alternate Translation: "No man will walk through the land of Egypt"
Ezk 29:11no wild animal's foot will pass through itHere "animal's foot" represents animals. Alternate Translation: "not even a wild animal will walk through it"
Ezk 32:13the foot of man will no longer stir the waters upThe foot here is a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate Translation: "people will no longer stir the waters up with their feet"
Ezk 35:12against the mountains of IsraelHere "mountains" represents the whole land of Israel.
Ezk 36:3you have been the subject of slanderous lips and tongues, and of people's storiesHere, "lips" and "tongues" represent people speaking. Alternate Translation: "people are saying bad things about you, and the nations are telling bad stories about you"
Ezk 36:8you will grow branches and bear fruitHere "you" refers to the mountain of Israel which here represents the trees on the mountain that will grow fruit. Alternate Translation: "your trees will grow branches and bear fruit"
Ezk 37:16JudahThe tribe of Judah lived in the southern kingdom of Israel which was called Judah. Here the name is used to refer to the whole southern kingdom.
Ezk 37:16For Joseph, the branch of EphraimJoseph was Ephraim's father. The tribe of Ephraim lived in the northern kingdom of Israel. Here the names are used to represent the whole northern kingdom.
Ezk 37:20before their eyesHere the people are represented by their "eyes" to emphasize what they see. Alternate Translation: "while they watched you"
Ezk 38:11I willGog will not do these things alone. His army will do most of them. Alternate Translation: "My army and I will"
Ezk 43:11before their eyesHere the Israelites are referred to by their "eyes" to emphasize what they see. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 21:6](../21/06.md). Alternate Translation: "before them" or "before the Israelite people"
Dan 1:1Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylonia ... gave NebuchadnezzarThis refers to Nebuchadnezzar and his soldiers, not only to Nebuchadnezzar. Alternate Translation: "Nebuchadnezzar's soldiers ... them" or "Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylonia and his soldiers ... them"
Dan 1:1Jehoiakim king of JudahThis refers to Jehoiakim and his soldiers, not only to Jehoiakim. Alternate Translation: "the army of Jehoiakim king of Judah"
Dan 1:2Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylonia ... gave NebuchadnezzarThis refers to Nebuchadnezzar and his soldiers, not only to Nebuchadnezzar. Alternate Translation: "Nebuchadnezzar's soldiers ... them" or "Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylonia and his soldiers ... them"
Dan 1:2He brought ... he placedAlthough Nebuchadnezzar did not do these things alone, it may easier for the reader to retain the singular pronouns. Alternate Translation: "They brought ... they placed"
Dan 1:8Daniel intended in his mindHere "mind" refers to Daniel himself. Alternate Translation: "Daniel decided to himself"
Dan 2:3my mind is anxiousHere "mind" refers to the king himself. Alternate Translation: "I am anxious"
Dan 2:30know the thoughts deep within youThis phrase is using the word "you" referring to the person's mind. Alternate Translation: "know the thoughts deep inside your mind"
Dan 5:20his heart was arrogantHere "heart" refers to the king himself. Alternate Translation: "the king was arrogant"
Dan 5:20his spirit was hardenedHere "spirit" refers to the king himself. His stubbornness is spoken of as if he were hardened. Alternate Translation: "the king became stubborn"
Dan 5:22have not humbled your heartHere "heart" refers to Belshazzar himself. Alternate Translation: "have not humbled yourself"
Dan 6:3he had an extraordinary spiritHere "spirit" refers to Daniel. It means he had was unusually capable. Alternate Translation: "he was and exceptional person"
Dan 7:8a mouth that was boasting about great thingsHere the horn was boasting, using its mouth to do so. Alternate Translation: "the horn had a mouth and boasted about doing great things"
Dan 7:15my spirit was grieved inside of meHere "my spirit" refers to Daniel himself. Alternate Translation: "I was very sad inside"
Dan 8:16a man's voice calling between the banks of the Ulai CanalHere a man is being referred to by his voice. Alternate Translation: "a man calling from the Ulai Canal"
Dan 10:10A hand touched meHere a person's hand represents that person, probably the man whom Daniel saw in [Daniel 10:5-6](./04.md). Alternate Translation: "Someone touched me with his hand"
Dan 11:7He will attack the armyThe word "he" refers to her descendant, and here it also refers to his army. Alternate Translation: "He and his army will attack the army of the king of the North"
Dan 11:15The king of the North will comeHere "king of the North" includes his army also. Alternate Translation: "The army of the king of the North will come"
Dan 11:40the king of the South ... The king of the NorthThese phrases stand for the kings and their armies. Alternate Translation: "the king of the South and his army ... The king of the North and his army"
Hos 2:17For I will remove the names of the Baals from her mouthThe Israelites will not speak the names of Baal and the idols again. The people are represented by their mouths. Alternate Translation: "For I will cause you to not speak the names of the Baals"
Hos 4:17Ephraim united himself with idols; leave him aloneHere "Ephraim" represents the whole northern kingdom of Israel, which is a metonym for the people who live there. They chose to worship idols, instead of Yahweh. Yahweh is commanding Hosea to not try to correct them. The people of Israel will not listen.
Hos 5:3I know Ephraim, and Israel is not hidden from meHere, "Ephraim" and "Israel" both refer to the whole northern kingdom of Israel, and represent the people who live there. Here God says that he knows what they are like and what they are doing.
Hos 5:8Sound a battle cry at Beth Aven: 'We will follow you, Benjamin!'Here "Benjamin" represents the soldiers from the tribe of Benjamin. This may be a request for them to lead the people into battle. But modern versions make various attempts to interpret this expression.
Hos 7:2they are before my faceHere God is represented by his "face" which emphasizes his presence and awareness. Alternate Translation: "and I see it all"
Hos 7:8Ephraim is a flat cake that has not been turned overThis can be stated in active form. Here "Ephraim" refers to the northern kingdom of Israel. The nation is weak, as flat bread that has not been doubled over in the oven by the baker for more strength. Alternate Translation: "The people of Ephraim are like a cake that no one has turned over"
Hos 9:8EphraimHere "Ephraim" represents all the people of Israel.
Hos 9:13Ephraim ... TyreHere "Ephraim" represents the whole northern kingdom of Israel. These places refer to the people who live in them.
Hos 10:2Their heart is deceitfulThe "heart" refers to the whole person, emphasizing their emotions and desires. Alternate Translation: "They are deceitful"
Hos 12:1Ephraim feeds on the windHere "Ephraim" represents all the people of Israel. Also "wind" represents something that is useless or temporary. The people of Israel doing things that will not help them is spoken of as if they eat the wind.
Hos 12:10By the hand of the prophetsHere "hand" represents the one who carries out an action. Alternate Translation: "Through the prophets"
Hos 13:1When Ephraim spokeHosea uses the term "Ephraim" to refer to the entire northern kingdom, although it was also the name of one of the ten tribes. Hosea seems to be speaking of a long-past time, when the northern kingdom was strong and honored, unlike at the present time.
Hos 14:3to the work of our handsHere people are represented by their "hands" to refer to the people making things. Alternate Translation: "to the idols we made"
Jol 1:16from before our eyesfrom us. This refers to all of the nation of Israel.
Jol 2:28all fleshHere "flesh" represents people. Alternate Translation: "all people"
Jol 3:4I will immediately return your retribution on your own headHere the word "head" refers to the person. Yahweh will make them suffer the pain they wanted him to suffer. Alternate Translation: "I will cause you to suffer the retribution that you tried to put on me"
Amo 9:1so that the foundations will shakeHere "foundations" represents the whole temple. Alternate Translation: "so that the whole temple will shake"
Amo 9:1Break them in pieces on all of their headsHere "heads" represents the whole person. Alternate Translation: "Break the pillars so that the temple falls on all of the people and kills them"
Jon 2:4from before your eyesHere Yahweh is represented by his "eyes." Alternate Translation: "from you"
Jon 4:8on Jonah's headJonah may have felt the heat most on his head. Alternate Translation: "on Jonah"
Mic 1:5What is Judah's high place?Here "high place" is a synecdoche for the entire system of idol worship. "Judah" is a metonym for the people who live there. Alternate Translation: "Where do the people of Judah go to worship idols?"
Mic 4:4for the mouth of Yahweh of hosts has spokenThe mouth is a synecdoche for the person. Alternate Translation: "for Yahweh of hosts has spoken"
Mic 4:6the lameThis refers to those who cannot walk well. Being lame is a synecdoche for having any form of disability.
Mic 4:11let our eyes gloat over ZionThe eye is a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate Translation: "let us gloat over Zion" or "let us enjoy watching the invaders destroy Zion"
Mic 5:9it will destroy themThe hand is a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate Translation: "you will destroy them"
Mic 6:12their tongue in their mouth is deceitfulThe tongue is a synecdoche for the person. Alternate Translation: "Everything they say is a lie"
Mic 7:3Their hands are very goodThe hand is a synecdoche for the person. Alternate Translation: "The people are very good"
Mic 7:10My eyesThis phrase here refers to the whole person. Alternate Translation: "I" or "We"
Nam 1:15on the mountains there are the feet of someone who is bringing good newsHere the word "feet" represent the person who is running in order to declare a message. Alternate Translation: "on the mountains there is someone who is bringing good news"
Hab 1:13Your eyes are too pureHere the word "eyes" represents Yahweh who sees. Alternate Translation: "You are too pure"
Hag 1:1by the hand of HaggaiHere the word "hand" refers to Haggai himself. Yahweh used Haggai as the agent to deliver his command. See how you translated this in [Haggai 1:1](./01.md). Alternate Translation: "through Haggai"
Hag 1:3by the hand of HaggaiHere the word "hand" refers to Haggai himself. Yahweh used Haggai as the agent to deliver his command. See how you translated this in [Haggai 1:1](./01.md). Alternate Translation: "through Haggai"
Hag 1:8bring timberThis represents only a part of what they needed to build the temple.
Hag 1:12the people feared the face of YahwehPossible meanings are 1) the face could be a synecdoche for the person. Alternate Translation: "the people feared Yahweh" or 2) the face could be a metonym for the person's presence. Alternate Translation: "the people were afraid to be in Yahweh's presence"
Hag 2:1by the hand of HaggaiHere the word "hand" refers to Haggai himself. Yahweh used Haggai as the agent to deliver his command. See how you translated this in [Haggai 1:1](../01/01.md). Alternate Translation: "through Haggai"
Zec 1:18I lifted up my eyesThe word "eyes" represents the person who looks. Alternate Translation: "I looked up"
Zec 2:1I lifted up my eyesThe word "eyes" represents the person who looks. Alternate Translation: "I looked up"
Zec 2:13all fleshHere the word "flesh" represents all humanity. Alternate Translation: "all people"
Zec 4:9The hands of Zerubbabel have laid ... his hands will bring it to completionHere the word "hands" represents Zerubbabel. Alternate Translation: "Zerubbabel has laid ... he will bring it to completion"
Zec 5:1lifted my eyesThe word "eyes" represents the person who looks. Alternate Translation: "looked up"
Zec 5:5Raise your eyesThe word "eyes" represents the person who looks. Alternate Translation: "Look up"
Zec 5:9I lifted my eyesHere the word "eyes" represents the person who sees. Alternate Translation: "I looked up"
Zec 6:1lifted my eyesHere the word "eyes" represents the person who sees. Alternate Translation: "looked up"
Zec 9:10the bow will be cut off from battleHere the bow represents all weapons used in warfare. Alternate Translation: "all weapons of war will be destroyed"
Zec 10:7their hearts will rejoice as with wineHere "hearts" refers to the whole person. They will have the same joy as a person who is enjoying drinking wine. Alternate Translation: "and they will be very happy"
Zec 14:4his feet will stand on the Mount of OlivesHere "feet" represents Yahweh. Alternate Translation: "he will stand on the Mount of Olives"
Mal 1:2I have loved JacobThis name "Jacob" refers here not only to Jacob, but also to all his descendants.
Mal 1:3Esau I have hatedThis name "Esau" refers here not only to Esau, but also to all his descendants.
Mal 1:5Your own eyes will see thisHere "your own eyes" stands for the people themselves. Alternate Translation: "You yourselves will see this"
Mal 1:9keep asking the face of GodHere "face" stands for God and also for his presence. Alternate Translation: "keep asking God in his presence"
Mal 1:9in your handHere "hand" stands for the people bringing the offering. Alternate Translation: "brought by you"
Mal 1:10from your handHere "your hand" stands for "you." Alternate Translation: "from you"
Mal 1:13from your handHere "your hand" stands for "you." Alternate Translation: "from you"
Mal 2:13from your handHere "hand" stands for the person giving the offering. Alternate Translation: "from you"