They did this because they were ashamed. This implicit information can be made explicit if needed as in the UDB. Alternate Translation: "clothed themselves with them because they were ashamed"
Gen 3:17
have eaten from the tree
You can say what it was that they ate. Alternate Translation: "have eaten the fruit of the tree" or "have eaten some of the fruit of the tree"
Gen 4:1
Cain
Translators may want to include a footnote that says "The name Cain sounds like the Hebrew word that means 'produce.' Eve named him Cain because she produced him."
Gen 4:3
fruit of the ground
This refers to the food that came from plants he had tended. Alternate Translation: "crops" or "harvest"
Gen 4:4
some of the fat
This refers to the fatty parts of the lambs that he had killed, it was the best part of the animal. Alternate Translation: "some of their fat parts"
Gen 4:8
brother
Abel was Cain's younger brother. Some languages may need to use the word for "younger brother."
Gen 4:18
To Enoch was born Irad
It is implied that Enoch grew up and married a woman. Alternate Translation: "Enoch grew up and married and became the father of a son whom he named Irad"
Gen 4:25
said, "God has given me another son
This is the reason that she named him Seth. This can be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "explained, 'God has given me another child"
Gen 4:26
A son was born to Seth
This can be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "Seth's wife bore him a son"
Gen 4:26
to call on the name of Yahweh
This is the first time people called God by the name Yahweh. This can be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "to worship God by using the name Yahweh"
Gen 6:14
cover it with pitch
The reason for doing this can be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "spread pitch on it" or "paint tar on it" or "cover it with pitch to make it waterproof"
Gen 7:10
the waters of the flood came upon the earth
The implicit information, "it started to rain" can be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "it started to rain and the waters of the flood came upon the earth"
Gen 7:16
after them
The full meaning can be stated explicitly. Alternate Translation: "after they entered the ark"
Gen 8:5
appeared
This can be made more explicit: "appeared above the surface of the water."
Gen 8:12
She did not return again to him
If people would not understand, you could state the reason explicitly: "She did not return again to him because she found a place to land." (See:[[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
Gen 8:21
because of mankind
This can be made more explicit: "because mankind is sinful."
Gen 9:5
for your blood, the life that is in your blood
It is implied that the blood is shed, or poured out, or spilled out. Alternate Translation: "if anyone causes your blood to pour out" or "if anyone spills your blood" or "if anyone kills you"
Gen 10:19
from Sidon, in the direction of Gerar, as far as Gaza
The direction south can be stated explicitly if needed. Alternate Translation: "from Sidon city in the north as far south as Gaza town, which is near Gerar"
Gen 10:19
as one goes toward Sodom, Gomorrah, Admah, and Zeboyim, as far as Lasha
The direction "east" or "inland" can be stated explicitly if needed. Alternate Translation: "then east toward Sodom, Gomorrah, Admah, and Zeboyim towns, as far as Lasha"
Gen 10:32
after the flood
This can be stated clearly or more explicitly. Alternate Translation: "after the flood destroyed the earth"
Gen 11:5
came down
The information about where he came down from can be made explicit: "came down from heaven." This does not tell how he came down. Use a general word meaning "came down."
Gen 11:7
confuse their language
This means that Yahweh would cause the people all over the earth to stop speaking the same language. Alternate Translation: "mix up their language"
Gen 11:7
so that they may not understand each other
This was the purpose of confusing their language. Alternate Translation: "so that they will not be able to understand what each other is saying"
Gen 11:9
confused the language of the whole earth
It means that Yahweh caused the people all over the earth to no longer speak the same language. Alternate Translation: "mixed up the language of the whole earth"
Gen 12:6
Abram passed through the land
Only Abram's name is mentioned because he was the head of the family. God had given him the command to take his family and go there. Alternate Translation: "So Abram and his family went through the land"
Gen 12:9
Then Abram continued journeying
You may need to make explicit that he took his tent with him. "Then Abram took his tent and continued journeying."
Gen 12:10
There was a famine
The crops did not grow well that season. This can be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "There was a shortage of food"
Gen 12:12
they will kill me ... you alive
The reason they would kill Abram can be made explicit: "they will kill me so that they can marry you"
Gen 12:17
because of Sarai, Abram's wife
This can be made more explicit. Alternate Translation: "because Pharaoh intended to take Sarai, Abram's wife, to be his own wife"
Gen 13:1
went into the Negev
The Negev was a desert region in southern Canaan, west of Egypt. This can be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "went back to the Negev desert"
Gen 13:3
He continued on his journey
Abram and his family traveled by stages, going from place to place. This can be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "They continued on their journey"
Gen 13:3
to the place where his tent had been before
Translators may add a footnote that says "See Genesis 12:8." The time of his travel can be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "to the place where he had set up his tent before he went to Egypt"
Gen 14:3
These latter five kings joined together
The information that their armies were with them can be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "These latter five kings and their armies joined together"
Gen 14:8
prepared for battle
joined battle or "drew up battle lines." Some translators may need to also say that the armies fought, as the UDB does in verse 9.
Gen 14:17
returned
The implied information about where he was returning to can be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "returned to where he was living"
Gen 14:24
the share of the men that went with me
The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "the share of the recovered property that belongs to the men who helped me get it back"
Gen 14:24
Aner, Eshkol, and Mamre
These are the allies of Abram
Gen 15:14
that they will serve
The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "that your descendants will serve"
Gen 16:15
Hagar gave birth
Hagar's return to Sarai and Abram is implict. You can make this more explicit. Alternate Translation: "So Hagar went back and gave birth"
Gen 19:10
the men reached out their hands and brought ... them and shut
Your language may need to add that the men opened the door first. Alternate Translation: 'the men opened the door far enough so they could reach out their hands and pull ... them, and then they shut"
Gen 19:19
my life ... I cannot escape ... overtake me, and I will die
It is implied that Lot's family would die along with him. Alternate Translation: "our lives ... we cannot escape ... overtake us, and we will die"
Gen 19:20
let me escape there
Lot's full request can be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "instead of destroying that city, let me escape there"
Gen 19:20
my life will be saved
It is implied that the lives of Lot's family will be saved along with his. This can also be stated in active form. Alternate Translation: "so that we will live" or "so that we will survive"
Gen 19:22
cannot do anything
This can be made more explicit. Alternate Translation: "cannot destroy the other cities"
Gen 19:23
The sun had risen upon the earth
The sun had risen over the earth. The phrase "upon the earth" can be left implicit as it is in the UDB where it is not translated.
Gen 19:23
when Lot reached Zoar
It is implied that Lot's family is with him. Alternate Translation: "when Lot and his family arrived at Zoar"
Gen 19:32
drink wine
It can be made explicit that their goal was to get him drunk. Alternate Translation: "drink wine until he gets drunk" or "get drunk with wine"
Gen 19:34
drink wine
It can be made explicit that their goal was to get him drunk. Alternate Translation: "drink wine until he gets drunk" or "get drunk with wine"
Gen 20:10
What prompted you to do this thing?
What caused you to do this? or "Why did you do this?" What Abraham did can be stated explicitly. Alternate Translation: "Why did you tell me that Sarah is your sister?"
Gen 20:18
because of Sarah, Abraham's wife
The full meaning can be stated explicitly. Alternate Translation: "because Abimelech had taken Abraham's wife Sarah"
Gen 21:1
Yahweh paid attention to Sarah
Here the phrase "paid attention to" refers to Yahweh helping Sarah have a baby. Alternate Translation: "Yahweh helped Sarah"
Gen 21:6
God has made me laugh
Sarah was laughing because she was surprised and happy. This can be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "God has caused me to laugh joyfully"
Gen 21:6
every one who hears
What people would hear can be stated explicitly. Alternate Translation: "everyone who hears about what God has done for me"
Gen 21:9
the son of Hagar the Egyptian, whom she had borne to Abraham
The name of Hagar's son can be stated explicitly. Alternate Translation: "Ishmael, the son of Hagar the Egyptian and Abraham"
Gen 21:9
mocking
It can be stated explicitly that he was jeering or laughing at Isaac. Alternate Translation: "laughing at Isaac"
Gen 21:11
because of his son
because it was about his son. It is implied that this means his son, Ishmael.
Gen 21:23
Now therefore
The word "Now" does not mean "at this moment," but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows. Alternate Translation: "Therefore"
Gen 22:1
God tested Abraham
It is implied that God tests Abraham to learn if Abraham will be faithful to him. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate Translation: God tested Abraham's faithfulness"
Gen 22:2
your only son
It is implied that God knows that Abraham has another son, Ishmael. This emphasizes that Isaac is the son that God promised to give Abraham. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "your only son whom I have promised"
Gen 22:12
your son, your only son
It is implied that God knows that Abraham has another son, Ishmael. This emphasizes that Isaac is the son that God promised to give Abraham. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Genesis 22:2](./02.md).
Gen 22:16
your son, your only son
It is implied that God knows that Abraham has another son, Ishmael. This emphasizes that Isaac is the son that God promised to give Abraham. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Genesis 22:2](./02.md).
Gen 22:19
Abraham returned
Only Abraham was named because he was the father, but it was implied that his son went with him. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "Abraham and his son went back"
Gen 22:19
he lived at Beersheba
Only Abraham was mentioned because he was the leader of his family and servants, but it was implied that they were with him. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "Abraham and his people stayed in Beersheba"
Gen 24:21
had prospered his journey
had fulfilled the purpose of his journey or "had made his journey successful." You can make explicit what specifically the servant was trying to determine. Alternate Translation: "was showing him the woman who would become Isaac's wife"
Gen 24:49
if you are prepared to show covenant faithfulness and trustworthiness to my master, tell me
How they could show the covenant faithfulness and trustworthiness can be stated explicitly. Alternate Translation: "tell me if you will be faithful and trustworthy to my master by giving Rebekah to be his son's wife"
Gen 25:19
These were the events concerning Isaac, Abraham's son
This sentence introduces the account of Isaac's descendants in Genesis 25:19-35:29. Alternate Translation: "This is the account of the descendants of Isaac, Abraham's son"
Gen 25:21
Rebekah his wife conceived
It can be made explicit that Rebekah was pregnant with two babies at the same time: "Rebekah, his wife, became pregnant with twins"
Gen 25:22
The children ... within her
Rebekah was pregnant with twins.
Gen 25:33
First swear to me
What Jacob wanted Esau to swear can be stated explicitly. Alternate Translation: "First swear to me that you will sell me your birthright"
Gen 26:1
in the land
You can state explicitly the land to which this refers. Alternate Translation: "in the land where Isaac and his family lived"
Gen 26:6
So Isaac settled in Gerar
Only Isaac is mentioned because he is the leader of the family, but his whole family was with him. Alternate Translation: "So Isaac and his family settled in Gerar"
Gen 26:14
sheep
This may also include goats.
Gen 26:17
So Isaac departed
Only Isaac is mentioned because he is the leader, but his family and servants went with him. Alternate Translation: "So Isaac and his household left"
Gen 26:24
for my servant Abraham's sake
for my servant Abraham or you can make the full meaning explicit. Alternate Translation: "because I promised my servant Abraham that I would do this"
Gen 26:25
Isaac built an altar there
You can make explicit why Isaac built an altar. Alternate Translation: "Isaac built an altar there to sacrifice to Yahweh"
Gen 26:30
Isaac made a feast for them, and they ate and drank
Eating a meal together was a part of making a covenant with one another.
Gen 26:34
he took a wife
he married. You can state explicitly that he married two women. Alternate Translation: "he took two wives"
Gen 27:2
See here
The phrase "see here" adds emphasis to what follows. Alternate Translation: "Listen carefully"
Gen 27:2
I do not know the day of my death
It is implied that Isaac knows he will die soon. Alternate Translation: "I may die any day now"
Gen 27:3
your quiver
A quiver is a case for holding arrows. Alternate Translation: "your quiver of arrows"
Gen 27:4
Make delicious food for me, the sort that I love
The word "delicious" refers to something that tastes very good. Alternate Translation: "Cook for me the tasty meat that I love"
Gen 27:27
he smelled the smell of his clothes and blessed him
It can be made explicit that the clothes smelled like Esau's clothes. Alternate Translation: "he smelled his clothes and they smelled like Esau's clothes, so Isaac blessed him"
Gen 27:28
dew of heaven
Dew is drops of water that form on the plants during the night. This can be made explicit in the translation. Alternate Translation: "night mist from heaven to water your crops"
Gen 27:28
plenty of grain and new wine
If "grain" and "wine" are unknown, this can be stated more generally. Alternate Translation: "plenty of food and drink"
Gen 27:39
dew of the sky above
Dew is drops of water that form on the plants during the night. This can be made explicit in the translation. Alternate Translation: "the night mist from the sky to water your crops"
Gen 27:45
I lose you both in one day
It is implied that if Esau kills Jacob, then they will execute Esau as a murderer.
Gen 29:7
to be gathered together
This means to gather them together inside a fence for them to stay for the night. The full meaning of this can be made explicit.
Gen 29:11
wept loudly
Jacob weeps because he is so happy. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit.
Gen 29:23
who slept with her
It is implied that Jacob did not know he was with Leah because it was dark and he could not see. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit.
Gen 29:27
we will give you the other also
The full meaning can be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "next week we will give you Rachel also"
Gen 30:3
there is my servant Bilhah ... I will have children by her
At that time, this was an acceptable way for a barren woman to have children that would legally belong to her. The full meaning of this may be made explicit.
Gen 30:28
Name your wages
This can be made more explicit. Alternate Translation: "Tell me how much I have to pay to keep you here"
Gen 30:31
What will I pay you
What can I pay you or "What can I give you." This can be made more explicit. Alternate Translation: "What can I pay you so that you stay and work for me"
Gen 30:40
Jacob separated
It can be made explicit that this happened over several years. Alternate Translation: "During the several years following, Jacob separated"
Gen 30:42
So the feebler animals were Laban's, and the stronger were Jacob's
So the weaker offspring belonged to Laban, while the stronger offspring belonged to Jacob. You can make this even more explicit. Alternate Translation: "So the weaker offspring did not have stripes or spots and so belonged to Laban, while the stronger offspring did have stripes or spots and so belonged to Jacob"
Gen 31:15
For he has sold us
This can be made more explicit. Alternate Translation: "He has sold us for his own gain"
Gen 31:17
his sons
Jacob took all of his children. It only mentions the sons because they are important as his heirs. Alternate Translation: "his children"
Gen 31:22
that Jacob had fled
Only Jacob is mentioned because he is the leader of the family. It can be made explicit that his family went with him. Alternate Translation: "that Jacob had fled with his wives and children"
Gen 31:46
Then they ate there by the pile
Eating a meal together was a part of making the covenant with one another. The full meaning of this may be made explicit.
Gen 31:54
called his relatives to eat a meal
Eating a meal together was part of making the covenant with one another. The full meaning of this may be made explicit.
Gen 32:9
God of my father Abraham, and God of my father Isaac, Yahweh
This does not refer to different gods, but to the one God they all worship. Alternate Translation: "Yahweh, who is God of my grandfather Abraham and my father Isaac"
Gen 33:1
Jacob divided the children ... female servants
This does not mean Jacob divided the children evenly so that each woman had the same amount of children with her. Jacob divided the children so that each one went with his or her mother.
Gen 33:4
Then they wept
This can be translated more explicitly. Alternate Translation: "Then Esau and Jacob cried because they were happy to see each other again"
Gen 33:13
the children are young
The meaning can be stated more explicitly. Alternate Translation: "the children are too young to travel fast"
Gen 33:17
built himself a house
It is implied that the house is also for his family. Alternate Translation: "built a house for himself and his family"
Gen 33:18
When Jacob ... he arrived ... He camped
This only mentions Jacob because he is the leader of the family. It is implied that his family was with him.
Gen 34:19
because he was the most honored person in all his father's household
This can be translated as a new sentence. It can be made explicit that Shechem knew the other men would agree to be circumcised because they greatly respected him. Alternate Translation: "Shechem knew all the men in his father's household would agree with him because he was the most honored among them"
Gen 35:5
the sons of Jacob
It is implied that no one attacked anyone in Jacob's family. But two of the sons, Simeon and Levi had attacked the Canaanites relatives of Shechem after he seized and slept with Jacob's daughter. Jacob was afraid they would seek revenge in [Genesis 34:30](../34/30.md). Alternate Translation: "Jacob's family" or "Jacob's household"
Gen 35:9
When Jacob came from Paddan Aram
It can be made explicit that they were in Bethel. Alternate Translation: "After Jacob left Paddan Aram, and while he was in Bethel"
Gen 35:21
Israel traveled on
It is implied that Israel's family and servants are with him. The full meaning of this information can be made explicit.
Gen 35:26
who were born to him in Paddan Aram
It is implied that this does not include Benjamin who was born in the land of Canaan near Bethlehem. It only mentions Paddan Aram since that is where most of them were born. The full meaning of this can be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "who were born to him in Paddan Aram, except Benjamin who was born in the land of Canaan"
Gen 36:1
These were the descendants of Esau (also called Edom)
These are the descendants of Esau, who is also called Edom. This sentence introduces the account of Esau's descendants in Genesis 36:1-8. Alternate Translation: "This is an account of the descendants of Esau, who is also called Edom"
Gen 36:6
which he had gathered in the land of Canaan
This refers to all of the things that he had accumulated while living in the land of Canaan. Alternate Translation: "which he had accumulated while living in the land of Canaan"
Gen 36:7
could not support them because of their livestock
The land was not large enough to support all of the livestock that Jacob and Esau owned. Alternate Translation: "was not big enough to support all of their livestock" or "was not big enough for both Esau's flocks and Jacob's flocks"
Gen 36:9
These were the descendants of Esau
This sentence introduces the account of Esau's descendants in Genesis 36:9-43. Alternate Translation: "This is an account of the descendants of Esau"
Gen 36:9
in the hill country of Seir
This means that they lived in the hill country of Seir. The full meaning of this may be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "who lived in the hill country of Seir"
Gen 36:17
in the land of Edom
This means that they lived in the land of Edom. Alternate Translation: "who lived in the land of Edom"
Gen 36:30
in the land of Seir
This means that they lived in the land of Seir. Alternate Translation: "of those who lived in the land of Seir"
Gen 36:34
Husham who was of the land of the Temanites
This means that Husham lived in the land of the Temanites. Alternate Translation: "Husham who lived in the land of the Temanites"
Gen 36:37
then Shaul of Rehoboth by the river reigned in his place
Shaul lived in Rehoboth. Rehoboth was by the Euphrates river. This information may be stated clearly. Alternate Translation: "then Shaul reigned in his place. He was from Rehoboth which is by the Euphrates River"
Gen 36:40
according to their clans and their regions, by their names
The clans and the regions were named after the heads of the clans. Alternate Translation: "the names of their clans and the regions where they lived were named after them. These are their names"
Gen 37:13
Come
Here it is implied that Israel is asking Joseph to prepare himself to leave and go see his brothers. Alternate Translation: "Get ready"
Gen 37:13
I am ready
He is ready to leave. "I am ready to go"
Gen 37:25
traveling to carry them down to Egypt
bringing them down to Egypt. This can be made more explicit. Alternate Translation: "bringing them down to Egypt to sell them"
Gen 37:29
He tore his clothes
This is an act of deep distress and grief. This can be written more clearly. Alternate Translation: "He was so grieved that he tore his clothes"
Gen 37:34
Jacob tore his garments
This is an act of deep distress and grief. This can be written more clearly. Alternate Translation: "Jacob was so grieved that he tore his garments"
Gen 37:34
put sackcloth upon his loins
Here "loins" refers to the middle part of the body or the waist. Alternate Translation: "put on sackcloth"
Gen 37:35
Indeed I will go down to Sheol mourning
The means that he be mourning from now until when he dies. Alternate Translation: "Indeed when I die and go down to Sheol I will still be mourning"
Gen 38:7
Yahweh killed him
Yahweh killed him because he was wicked. This can be made clear. Alternate Translation: "So Yahweh killed him"
Gen 38:10
Yahweh killed him also
Yahweh killed him because what he did was evil. This can be made clear. Alternate Translation: "So Yahweh killed him also"
Gen 38:11
in your father's house
This means her to live in here father's house. Alternate Translation: "and live in your father's house"
Gen 38:11
until Shelah, my son, grows up
Judah intends for Tamar to marry Shelah when he grows up. Alternate Translation: "and when Shelah, my son, grows up, he can marry you"
Gen 38:11
For he feared, "He might also die, just like his brothers
Judah feared that if Shelah married Tamar he would also die like his brothers did. Alternate Translation: "For he feared, 'If he marries her he may also die like his brothers did"
Gen 38:14
wrapped herself
This means that she hid herself with her clothing so that people would not recognize her. Traditionally, part of women's clothing were large pieces of cloth they wrapped themselves with. Alternate Translation: "wrapped herself in her clothing so that people would not recognize her"
Gen 38:15
because she had covered her face
Judah did not think she was a prostitute just because her face was covered but also because she was sitting in the gate. Alternate Translation: "because she had covered her head and sat where prostitutes often sat"
Gen 38:16
He went to her by the road
Tamar was sitting by the road. Alternate Translation: "He went to where she was sitting by the road"
Gen 38:23
that we not be put to shame
When people found out what had happened they would ridicule Judah and laugh at him. This can be made clear and stated in active form. Alternate Translation: "or else people will laugh at us when they find out what happened"
Gen 38:29
How you have broken out!
This shows the midwife's surprise to seeing the second baby come out first. Alternate Translation: "So this is how you break your way out first!" or "You have burst out first!"
Gen 39:5
everything that Potiphar had in the house and in the field
This refers his household and his crops and livestock. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "Potiphar's household and all of his crops and livestock"
Gen 39:6
He did not have to think about anything except the food that he ate
He did not have to worry about anything in his household; he only had to make decisions about what he wanted to eat. This can be stated in positive form. Alternate Translation: "Potiphar only had to think about what he wanted to eat. He did not have to worry about anything else in his house"
Gen 39:10
She spoke to Joseph day after day
This means that she kept asking him to sleep with her. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "She kept on asking Joseph to sleep with her"
Gen 39:19
his master
Joseph's master. This refers to Potiphar. This information can be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "Joseph's master, Potiphar"
Gen 40:6
Behold, they were sad
The word "behold" here shows that Joseph was surprised by what he saw. Alternate Translation: "He was surprised to see that they were sad"
Gen 40:11
squeezed them
This means that he squeezed the juice out of them. Alternate Translation: "squeezed the juice from them"
Gen 40:14
Mention me to Pharaoh and bring me out of this prison
Joseph means for the cupbearer to tell Pharaoh about him so that Pharaoh will release him from prison. Alternate Translation: "Help me get out of this prison by telling Pharaoh about me"
Gen 40:22
just as Joseph had interpreted to them
This refers to when Joseph interpreted their dreams. Alternate Translation: "just as Joseph had said would happen when he interpreted the two men's dreams"
Gen 41:22
I looked in my dream
This begins Pharaoh's next dream after he woke up and went back to sleep. Alternate Translation: "Then I dreamed again"
Gen 41:25
The dreams of Pharaoh are the same
It is implied that the meanings are the same. Alternate Translation: "Both dreams mean the same thing"
Gen 41:54
but in all the land of Egypt there was food
It is implied that there was food because of Joseph commanded his people to store food during the seven good years.
Gen 42:4
Benjamin, Joseph's brother, Jacob did not send
Benjamin and Joseph had the same father and mother. Jacob did not want to risk sending Rachel's last son.
Gen 42:6
over the land
Here "land" refers to Egypt. Alternate Translation: "over Egypt"
Gen 42:6
all the people of the land
Here "land" includes Egypt and other surrounding countries. Alternate Translation: "all the people of all the nations that came to buy grain"
Gen 42:9
You have come to see the undefended parts of the land
The full meaning can be stated explicitly. Alternate Translation: "You have come to find out where we are not guarding our land so that you can attack us"
Gen 42:12
No, you have come to see the undefended parts of the land
The full meaning can be stated explicitly. Alternate Translation: "No, you have come to find out where we are not guarding our land so that you can attack us"
Gen 42:20
you will not die
This implies that Joseph would have his soldiers execute the brothers if he finds out they are spies.
Gen 42:24
He turned from them and wept
It is implied that Joseph wept because he was emotional after hearing what his brothers said.
Gen 42:24
spoke to them
Joseph was still speaking a different language and using the interpreter to speak to his brothers.
Gen 42:38
For his brother is dead and he alone is left
The full meaning can be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "For my wife, Rachel, only had two children. Joseph is dead and Benjamin is the only one left"
Gen 43:9
You will hold me responsible
How Jacob will hold Judah responsible can be stated clearly. Alternate Translation: "You will make me answer to you about what happens to Benjamin"
Gen 43:24
washed their feet
This custom helped tired travelers to refresh themselves after walking long distances. The full meaning of this statement may be made explicit.
Gen 43:31
saying
It can be made explicit to whom Joseph is speaking. Alternate Translation: "and said to his servants"
Gen 43:33
The brothers sat before him
It is implied that Joseph had arranged where each brother would sit. You can make clear the implied information. Alternate Translation: "The brothers sat across from the man, according to how he arranged their places"
Gen 44:18
for you are just like Pharaoh
Judah compares the master to Pharaoh to emphasize the great power that the master has. He is also implying that he does want the master to become angry and execute him. Alternate Translation: "for you are as powerful as Pharaoh and could have your soldiers kill me"
Gen 44:21
Bring him down to me
It was common to use the word "down" when speaking of traveling from Canaan to Egypt. Alternate Translation: "Bring him to me"
Gen 44:22
his father would die
It is implied that their father would die from sorrow.
Gen 45:4
whom you sold into Egypt
The meaning can be stated more explicitly. Alternate Translation: "whom you sold as a slave to the trader who brought me to Egypt"
Gen 45:5
that you sold me here
The meaning can be stated more explicitly. Alternate Translation: "that you sold me as a slave and sent me here to Egypt"
Gen 45:8
ruler
Here Joseph means that he is ruler in second place to Pharaoh, the king of Egypt. This understood information can be made clear.
Gen 45:15
After that his brothers talked with him
Earlier they were too afraid to speak. Now they feel they can speak freely. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "After that his brothers talked freely with him"
Gen 45:22
he gave each man changes of clothing
Each man received a set of clothes except for Benjamin who received 5 sets of clothes.
Gen 45:23
ten donkeys ... and ten female donkeys
The donkeys were included as part of the gift.
Gen 46:4
will close your eyes
It was a custom to pull down the eyelids when a person died with their eyes open. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit.
Gen 47:6
If you know any capable men among them
It is implied that they are capable of taking care of animals. Alternate Translation: "If you know of any men among them who have great skill taking care of animals"
Gen 48:15
who has cared for me
God has taken care of Israel like a shepherd takes care of his sheep. Alternate Translation: "who has cared for me like a shepherd cares for his animals"
Gen 49:32
in it were purchased
The purchase can be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "in it were purchased by Abraham"
Gen 50:6
Pharaoh answered
It is implied that the members of the court spoke to Pharaoh, and now Pharaoh is replying to Joseph.
Exo 1:22
You must throw every son ... into the river
This order was given in order to drown the male children. The full meaning of this may be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "You must ... into the river so they will drown"
Exo 2:3
sealed it with bitumen and pitch
You could explicitly state that this was to keep out water. Alternate Translation: "spread tar on it to keep water from getting into it"
Exo 7:15
when he goes out to the water
The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "when he goes down to the Nile River to bathe"
Exo 7:20
in the river
The name of the river may be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "in the Nile River"
Exo 8:3
The river
the Nile River
Exo 11:8
After that I will go out
This means that Moses and the people of Israel will leave Egypt. Alternate Translation: "After that I will leave here" or "After that I will go out from Egypt"
Exo 12:4
If the household is too small for a lamb
This means that there are not enough people in the family to eat an entire lamb. Alternate Translation: "If there are not enough people in the household to eat an entire lamb"
Exo 12:11
It is Yahweh's Passover
Here the word "it" refers to eating the animal on the tenth day of the month. Alternate Translation: "This observance is Yahweh's Passover"
Exo 12:13
for my coming to you
This implies that Yahweh will see the blood which indicates an Israelite home. Alternate Translation: "that I will see when I come to you"
Exo 12:27
He set our households free
This means that Yahweh spared the Israelites' firstborn sons. Alternate Translation: "He did not kill the firstborn sons in our houses"
Exo 12:33
We will all die
The Egyptians were afraid that they would die if the Israelites did not leave Egypt. Alternate Translation: "We will all die if you do not leave"
Exo 15:1
he has triumphed gloriously
It can be stated explicitly over whom Yahweh triumphed. Alternate Translation: "he has achieved a glorious victory over the army of Egypt"
Exo 15:17
You will bring them
Where God would bring them can be stated clearly. Since Moses was not already in Canaan, some languages would use "take" rather than "bring." Alternate Translation: "You will take your people to Canaan"
Exo 15:21
he has triumphed gloriously
It can be stated explicitly over whom Yahweh triumphed. See how you translated this in [Exodus 15:1](./01.md). Alternate Translation: "he has achieved a glorious victory over the army of Egypt"
Exo 16:8
Your complaints are not against us; they are against Yahweh
The people were complaining against Moses and Aaron, who were Yahweh's servants. So by complaining against them, the people were really complaining against Yahweh. Alternate Translation: Your complaints are not really against us; they are against Yahweh, because we are his servants"
Exo 18:2
after he had sent her home
This is something Moses had done earlier. The full meaning of the can be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "after Moses had sent her home to her parents"
Exo 18:23
endure
What they will endure can be stated clearly. Alternate Translation: "endure the stress of the work"
Exo 18:25
capable men
What they were capable of doing can be stated clearly. Alternate Translation: "men who were able to lead" or "men who were able to judge"
Exo 20:6
to thousands of those who love me
The word "thousands" is a metonym for a number too many to count. Alternate Translation: "forever to those who love me"
Exo 21:3
If he came by himself, he must go free by himself
What "by himself" means can be stated clearly. Some languages require that the additional condition, that he marries while a slave, be stated clearly. Alternate Translation: "If he became a slave while he had no wife, and if he marries while he is a slave, the master need only free the man"
Exo 21:13
I will fix a place to where he can flee
The purpose of choosing a place can be stately clearly here. Alternate Translation: "I will choose a place that he can run away to be safe"
Exo 21:19
the loss of his time
This refers to a situation when someone cannot work to earn money. You can express this clearly in the translation. Alternate Translation: "the time he could not work"
Exo 21:21
for he will have suffered the loss of the servant
You can express clearly in the translation that the servant was valuable to his master. Alternate Translation: "because he has already lost his servant who was valuable to him"
Exo 21:23
you must give a life for a life, an eye for an eye
This means that if she is hurt, the person who hurt her must be hurt in the same way. Alternate Translation: "he must give his life for her life, his eye for her eye"
Exo 21:24
you must give a life for a life, an eye for an eye
This means that if she is hurt, the person who hurt her must be hurt in the same way. Alternate Translation: "he must give his life for her life, his eye for her eye"
Exo 21:30
If a payment is required for his life
If the ox's owner can pay a fine to save his own life, then he must pay whatever the judges decide. The full meaning of this can be stated clearly. This can also be stated in active form. Alternate Translation: "if the owner of the bull can pay a fine to save his own life, he must pay the full amount that the judges say that he must pay"
Exo 21:34
repay the loss
The owner must be paid for the loss of his animal. Alternate Translation: "pay the owner for the dead animal"
Exo 21:34
will become his
The one who paid for the loss of the animal will become the owner of the dead animal and can do what he wants with it. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "will belong to the owner of the pit"
Exo 21:36
its owner has not kept it in
This means that the owner did not keep his ox securely inside a fence. This can be clearly stated in the translation. Alternate Translation: "its owner did not keep it inside a fence"
Exo 21:36
he must surely pay ox for ox
The owner of the ox that killed must give an ox to the man who lost his ox. This can be stated clearly in the translation. Alternate Translation: "the owner of the ox that killed must surely give a living ox to the owner of the ox that died"
Exo 22:15
it will be paid for by its hiring fee
The one who borrowed the animal will not have to pay the owner anything more than the hiring or rental fee. This fee will pay for the loss of the animal. This can be stated clearly in the translation. Alternate Translation: "the money that someone paid to rent the animal will cover the loss of the animal"
Exo 23:11
so that the poor among your people may eat
The poor can eat any food that grows on its own in a field that is not cultivated. This can be stated clearly in the translation. Alternate Translation: "so the poor among your people may harvest and eat any food that grows on its own in that field"
Exo 23:17
All your males must appear before the Lord Yahweh
Here to "appear" means to gather for worship. Alternate Translation: "All the men must gather to worship the Lord Yahweh"
Exo 23:24
You must not ... do as they do
The Israelites must not live as the people who worship other gods. Alternate Translation: "You must not ... live as the people who worship those gods"
Exo 24:8
Then Moses took the blood
This refers to the blood that Moses had put into the bowls. This can be stated clearly. Alternate Translation: "Then Moses took the blood that was in the bowls"
Exo 24:12
tablets of stone and the law and commandments
God had written the law and commandments on the tablets of stone. This can be stated clearly. Alternate Translation: "two stone slabs on which I have written all the laws"
Exo 26:21
and so on
This means that what was said about the first two boards should be done for the rest of the boards. This can be stated clearly in the translation. Alternate Translation: "and two bases for each of the rest of the boards"
Exo 26:25
and so on
This means that what was said about the first two frames should be done for the rest of the frames. See how you translated this in [Exodus 26:21](./21.md). Alternate Translation: "and two bases for each of the rest of the frames"
Exo 26:33
you must bring in the ark of the testimony
The ark of the testimony is the chest that contains the commandments. This can be stated clearly in the translation. Alternate Translation: "you must bring in the chest containing the commandments"
Exo 26:35
The table must be on the north side
This is the table that holds the bread that represents the presence of God. This can be stated in active form. Alternate Translation: "Place the table for the bread of God's presence on the north side"
Exo 27:5
You must put the grate under the ledge of the altar
The grate was placed inside the altar. This can be stated clearly in the translation. Alternate Translation: "You must put the grate under the rim of the altar, on the inside of the altar"
Exo 27:6
You must make poles for the altar
These poles were used for carrying the altar. This can be stated clearly in the translation. Alternate Translation: "You must make poles for carrying the altar"
Exo 28:25
to the two settings
These are two settings that enclose the stones. This can be clearly stated in the translation. Alternate Translation: "to the two settings that enclose the stones"
Exo 28:35
This is so that he does not die
It is implied that he would die because he did not obey Yahweh. This can be stated. Alternate Translation: "As a result, he will not die because of disobeying my instructions"
Exo 28:41
You must clothe Aaron your brother
Aaron was the older brother of Moses. You can state this clearly in the translation. Alternate Translation: "Put these clothes on your older brother Aaron"
Exo 29:3
present them with the bull and the two rams
Here "present" means to offer as a sacrifice. The full meaning of this can be translated clearly. Alternate Translation: "offer them to me when you sacrifice the bull and the two rams"
Exo 29:9
will belong to them
The duty of being priests will also belong to the descendants of Aaron's sons. You can state this clearly in the translation. Alternate Translation: "will belong to them and their descendants"
Exo 29:11
kill the bull
Since the following verses will tell what to do with the blood from the bull, use a term for "kill" that will imply a method similar to "slitting its throat and catch the blood in a bowl."
Exo 29:20
Then you must kill the ram
The ram was killed by cutting its throat. This can be stated clearly in the translation. Alternate Translation: "Then kill the ram by slitting its throat" or "Then kill the ram by cutting its throat"
Exo 29:31
in a holy place
This is not the same as the holy place outside of the most holy place. This refers to a place within the courtyard. Alternate Translation: "at the entrance to the tent of meeting"
Exo 30:6
ark of the testimony
The ark is the chest that contains the commandments. This can be stated clearly in the translation. See how you translated this in [Exodus 26:33](../26/33.md). Alternate Translation: "the chest containing the commandments"
Exo 30:26
ark of the testimony
The ark is the chest that contains the commandments. This can be stated clearly in the translation. See how you translated this in [Exodus 26:33](../26/33.md). Alternate Translation: "the chest containing the commandments"
Exo 31:7
ark of the testimony
The ark is the chest that contains the commandments. This can be stated clearly in the translation. See how you translated this in [Exodus 26:33](../26/33.md). Alternate Translation: "the chest containing the commandments"
Exo 32:5
When Aaron saw this
You may need to make explicit what he saw. "When Aaron saw what the people did"
Exo 32:17
he said to Moses
It is assumed that Joshua met Moses while Moses was going back to the camp.
Exo 32:29
for each of you has taken action against his son and his brother
The fact that they did this in obedience to God can be stated clearly. Alternate Translation: "for you have obeyed Yahweh and killed your sons and your brothers"
Exo 32:32
the book that you have written
What God had written in the book can be stated clearly. Alternate Translation: "the book in which you have written the names of your people"
Exo 33:9
would come down
Where it came down from can be stated clearly. Alternate Translation: "would come down from the sky"
Exo 34:15
you will eat some of his sacrifice
The consequence of eating food that is sacrificed to another god can be stated clearly. Alternate Translation: "you will eat some of his sacrifice and become guilty of worshiping his gods" or "and you will prostitute yourself to his god by eating some of his sacrifice"
Exo 34:25
the blood of my sacrifice
The fact that the blood is from an animal can be stated clearly. Alternate Translation: "the blood of an animal that you sacrifice to me"
Exo 34:25
with any yeast
The fact that any yeast would be in bread can be stated clearly. Alternate Translation: "with bread that has yeast in it"
Exo 37:16
dishes, spoons, the bowls, and pitchers to be used to pour out the offerings
It is only the bowls and pitchers that are used to pour out the offerings. Alternate Translation: "plates and cups, and also the jars and bowls which the priests will use for pouring out the offerings"
Exo 38:8
He made the basin out of mirrors
The bronze came from the mirrors. This can be stated clearly in the translation. Alternate Translation: "The bronze for the basin came from the mirrors"
Exo 39:28
undergarments
This is clothing worn under the outer clothes, next to the skin. Alternate Translation: "underwear"
Exo 40:18
Moses set up
Moses was the leader. The people helped him set up the tabernacle.
Exo 40:24
He put the lampstand into the tent of meeting
Moses instructed his workers to move the lampstand. This can be stated clearly in the translation. Alternate Translation: "Moses' workmen set the lampstand inside the sacred tent"
Exo 40:26
in front of the curtain
This curtain separated the holy place from the very holy place. This can be stated clearly in the translation. Alternate Translation: "in front of the curtain that separated the holy place from the very holy place"
Exo 40:31
washed their hands and their feet from the basin
They washed with water from the basin. This can be stated clearly in the translation. Alternate Translation: "washed their hands and their feet with water from the basin"
Lev 1:5
will present the blood
It is implied that the priests would catch the blood in a bowl as it drained out of the animal. Then they would bring the bowl with the blood in it and present it to Yahweh at the altar.
Lev 2:4
which is spread with oil
Translate this phrase to indicate that the oil is to be spread onto the bread. Alternate Translation: "with oil on the bread"
Lev 2:13
the salt of the covenant of your God
It is implied that the salt is a symbol that represents the covenant with God.
Lev 3:2
Aaron's sons the priests will sprinkle its blood
It is implied that before they sprinkle the blood, they catch blood in a bowl as the it drains from the animal.
Lev 3:8
Aaron's sons will sprinkle its blood
It is implied that before they sprinkle the blood, they catch the blood in a bowl as it drains from the animal.
Lev 3:13
the sons of Aaron will sprinkle its blood
It is implied that before they sprinkle the blood, they catch the blood in a bowl as it drains from the animal.
Lev 4:5
The anointed priest will take some of the blood
It is implied that the priest catches the blood in a bowl as it drains from the animal.
Lev 4:16
The anointed priest will bring some of the blood
It is implied that the priest caught the blood in a bowl as the blood drained from the bull.
Lev 4:17
before the curtain
It is implied that this is the curtain before the most holy place.
Lev 4:25
The priest will take the blood
It is implied that the priest will catch the blood in a bowl as the blood drains from the goat.
Lev 4:30
The priest will take some of the blood
It is implied that the priest will catch the blood in a bowl as the blood drains from the animal.
Lev 5:4
if anyone swears rashly
This means to swear an oath without thinking seriously about it. It implies that after the person swears the oath that he either cannot fulfill it or he does not really want to fulfill it.
Lev 6:5
he is found guilty
The person who stole is to be brought before the judge and be declared guilty. This can be stated in active form. Alternate Translation: "the judge declares him guilty"
Lev 6:18
Whoever touches them will become holy
This is an implied warning that those who are not male descendants of Aaron should not touch this offering. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear.
Lev 6:20
when each son is anointed
It is implied that they will be anointed when they become priests. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. This can also be stated in active form. Alternate Translation: "when he anoints each son, ordaining them as priests"
Lev 6:25
Speak to Aaron and to his sons
Yahweh is speaking to Aaron and his sons, but these regulations apply to all priest who perform these sacrifices. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear.
Lev 6:25
The sin offering must be killed at ... before Yahweh
It can be made explicit that this refers to the north side of the altar. See [Leviticus 1:10-11](../01/10.md).
Lev 6:27
Whatever touches its meat will become holy
This is an implied warning that no one besides the priests should touch the meat of the sin offering. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear.
Lev 7:2
in the place for killing it
It can be made explicit that this refers to place where the animals for the burnt offerings are killed. See [Leviticus 1:10-11](../01/10.md).
Lev 8:7
the tunic ... the sash ... the robe ... the ephod ... the finely-woven waistband
These are special garments that Yahweh commanded the people to make for the priests.
Lev 8:8
the breastpiece ... the turban ... the golden plate, the holy crown
These are all special garments that Yahweh commanded the people to make for the priests.
Lev 8:9
the breastpiece ... the turban ... the golden plate, the holy crown
These are all special garments that Yahweh commanded the people to make for the priests.
Lev 8:23
Moses took some of its blood
It is implied that Moses caught the blood in a bowl as the blood drained out from the animal. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit.
Lev 8:27
waved them before Yahweh as a wave offering
It is implied that Aaron and his sons presented the offering. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate Translation: "they waved them before Yahweh as a wave offering"
Lev 9:9
sons of Aaron presented the blood to him
This implies that they caught the blood in a bowl as the blood drained from the animal. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit.
Lev 9:12
his sons gave him the blood
It is implied that the sons caught the blood in a bowl as the blood drained from the animal. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit.
Lev 9:17
along with the morning's burnt offering
This refers to the first sacrifice of each day. The priests would offer this burnt sacrifice in the morning before any other sacrifice. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit.
Lev 9:18
Aaron's sons gave him the blood
It is implied that the blood was in a bowl. The full meaning of this statement may be made explicit.
Lev 10:15
They will be yours and your sons' with you as a share forever
Translate this so it is understood that the portion belongs to Aaron and his sons. Alternate Translation: "This portion will always be for you and your sons"
Lev 12:8
If she is not able to afford a lamb
Translate this so it clarifies the woman's inability to purchase a sacrificial animal. Alternate Translation: "If she does not have enough money to buy a lamb"
Lev 14:32
who is not able to afford
Translate this so it is clear that the person does not have enough money to purchase a standard offering. Alternate Translation: "who does not have enough money to buy"
Lev 16:11
he must kill the bull
Aaron would catch the blood of the bull in a bowl so he could later sprinkle it on the atonement lid. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit.
Lev 17:14
the life of each creature is its blood
This means that the blood is enables the creature to be alive. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate Translation: "each creature is able to live because of its blood"
Lev 19:5
you must offer it that you may be accepted
This can be translated in active form. Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh will accept the person offering the sacrifice. Alternate Translation: "you must offer it properly so that I will accept you" or 2) Yahweh will accept the sacrifice from the person. Alternate Translation: "you must offer it properly so that I will accept your sacrifice"
Lev 19:9
neither will you gather all the produce of your harvest
This refers to the practice of going back over the fields a second time to gather any produce that remained after the first time. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "and do not go back and pick up all that you left behind"
Lev 19:13
Do not oppress your neighbor or rob him
Here "neighbor" means "anyone." The meaning of this can be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "Do not hurt or rob anyone"
Lev 19:13
The wages of a hired servant must not stay with you all night until the morning
Yahweh commands the employer to pay his servant promptly when his work is done that day. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear.
Lev 20:2
gives any of his children to Molech
Those who worshiped Molech sacrificed their children to him by means of fire. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "kills any of his children as a sacrifice to Molech"
Lev 20:17
a daughter of his father or a daughter of his mother
This means a man cannot sleep with his sister, even if she has a different mother or father. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "whether it is his full sister or half-sister"
Lev 20:18
Both the man and woman must be cut off
It can be stated clearly why this must be done. Alternate Translation: "Because they have done this shameful thing, both the man and woman must be cut off"
Lev 21:10
anointing oil
This is a reference to the anointing oil used in the ceremony consecrating a new the high priest. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit.
Lev 21:10
must not wear his hair loose or tear his clothes
Loose hair and torn clothes were signs of mourning. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit.
Lev 21:12
must not leave the sanctuary area
This does not mean the high priest could never leave. God did not allow him to leave in order to grieve over someone who died.
Lev 21:17
he must not approach to offer the food to his God
The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "he must not come to burn the burnt offering of food on God's altar"
Lev 21:22
some of the most holy or some of the holy
This also refers to the food that was sacrificed. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate Translation: "some of the sacrifices offered in the most holy place or some of the sacrifices offered in the holy place"
Lev 22:5
or whoever touches any creeping animal that makes him unclean, or any person who makes him unclean
This can be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "or whoever is unclean from touching a creeping animal or from touching another unclean person"
Lev 23:32
you must humble yourselves
In this case humbling themselves implies that they would not eat any food. This can be stated clearly. Alternate Translation: "you must humble yourselves and eat nothing"
Lev 23:32
the ninth day of the month
This refers to the seventh month of the Hebrew calendar. The ninth day is near the end of September on Western calendars. This can be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "the ninth day of the seventh month"
Lev 23:40
branches of palm trees ... willows from streams
Possible uses for these branches are 1) to make temporary shelters or 2) to wave them as part of their joyous celebration. Some translations state their use clearly; other translations leave it implicit.
Lev 24:2
the lamp
This refers to the lamp or lamps in Yahweh's sacred tent. This can be stated clearly. Alternate Translation: "the lamp in the tent of meeting"
Lev 24:7
You must put pure incense along each row of loaves
The incense was probably next to the loaves, rather than directly on the loaves. Alternate Translation: "You must put pure incense next to the loaves in each row"
Lev 24:7
as a representative offering
What the incense would represent can be stated clearly. Alternate Translation: "to represent the loaves as an offering" or "to be an offering that represents the loaves"
Lev 24:18
must pay it back
How he would pay it back can be stated clearly. Alternate Translation: "must pay it back by giving him a live animal"
Lev 25:11
a Jubilee for you
a year of restoration or "a year for you to return the land." It can be stated clearly who they were returning the land to. Alternate Translation: "a year for you to return the land to me"
Lev 25:27
repay the balance to the man to whom he sold it
This can be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "repay to the purchaser who bought it the money the purchaser would have made"
Lev 27:2
If anyone makes a special vow to Yahweh
In this case the vow would involve giving oneself or another person to God. This can be stated clearly. Alternate Translation: "If anyone vows to give someone to Yahweh"
Lev 27:2
use the following valuations
Instead of giving the person, he would give the Lord a certain amount of silver. AT "use the following values as your gift to the Lord in place of the person" or "give the Lord the following amounts of silver instead of the person"
Lev 27:20
If he does not redeem the field
The time for redeeming the field can be stated clearly. Alternate Translation: If he does not redeem the field before the year of Jubilee"
Lev 27:29
for the person who is devoted for destruction
Why a person would be devoted to destruction can be stated clearly. Alternate Translation: "for any person whom Yahweh has determined should die because of his sin"
Num 1:2
Count them by name
This means to count the men by recording their names. Alternate Translation: "Count them, recording each man's name"
Num 1:50
The Levites must carry the tabernacle
It was their job to carry the tabernacle when they traveled. Alternate Translation: "When you travel, the Levites must carry the tabernacle"
Num 1:54
Yahweh commanded through Moses
Yahweh had commanded Moses everything that the Israelites were to do, and then Moses had commanded the Israelites.
Num 2:25
the divisions of the camp of Dan
The this refers to the divisions of Dan, Asher, and Naphthali that are under the standard of Dan. Alternate Translation: "the divisions that camp under the standard of Dan"
Num 2:34
They went out from the camp
This refers to when they would travel to another place. Alternate Translation: "When they traveled, they went out from the camp"
Num 3:10
but any foreigner who comes near
The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "but any foreigner who comes near the tabernacle"
Num 3:15
Count the descendants
Yahweh was commanding Moses to only count the male descendants. Alternate Translation: "Count the male descendants"
Num 3:38
toward the sunrise
This is the east side of the tabernacle. Alternate Translation: "on the east side, where the sun rises"
Num 3:41
the livestock of the Levites
This refers to all the Levites' livestock. Alternate Translation: "you must take all the Levites' livestock"
Num 3:47
You must use the shekel of the sanctuary as your standard weight
This means that the shekel must weight the same as those in the sanctuary. Alternate Translation: "You must use the weight of the shekels in the sanctuary as your stand weight"
Num 4:6
insert the poles
The poles were inserted into rings on the sides of the ark so that the poles could be used to carry the ark. This can be stated clearly. Alternate Translation: "insert the poles into the rings on the ark's sides"
Num 4:7
the bread of the presence
This bread represents the presence of Yahweh. Alternate Translation: "the bread of Yahweh's presence"
Num 4:7
bowls, and jars for pouring
The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "bowls and jars used to pour out drink offerings"
Num 4:8
insert poles
The poles were inserted into rings on the corners of the table so that the poles could be used to carry the table. This can be stated clearly. Alternate Translation: "insert poles into the rings at the corners of the table"
Num 4:11
insert the carrying poles
The poles were inserted into rings on the sides of the altar so theys could be used to carry it. This can be stated clearly. Alternate Translation: "insert the carrying poles into the rings one the sides of the altar"
Num 4:14
insert the carrying poles
The poles were inserted into rings on the sides of the altar so they could be used to carry it. This can be stated clearly. Alternate Translation: "insert the carrying poles into the rings on the sides of the altar"
Num 4:22
of the descendants of Gershon
This refers only to men. Alternate Translation: "of the male descendants of Gershon"
Num 4:25
the covering of sea cow skin that is on it
This is an outer covering that is placed on top of the tent of meeting's covering. Alternate Translation: "the covering of sea cow skin that is placed on top of that" or "the outer covering made of sea cow skin"
Num 4:29
the descendants of Merari
This refers only to men. Alternate Translation: "the male descendants of Merari"
Num 4:34
the descendants of the Kohathites
The refers to men. Alternate Translation: "the male descendants of the Kohathites"
Num 4:35
everyone who would join the company
Here the word "would" does not mean that the men "chose" to join the company but rather that they were "assigned" to the company. Alternate Translation: "everyone who was assigned to join the company"
Num 4:38
The descendants of Gershon
This refers to the men. Alternate Translation: "The male descendants of Gershon"
Num 4:39
everyone who would join the company
Here the word "would" does not mean that the men "chose" to join the company but rather that they were "assigned" to the company. Alternate Translation: "everyone who was assigned to join the company"
Num 4:43
everyone who would join the company
Here the word "would" does not mean that the men "chose" to join the company but rather that they were "assigned" to the company. Alternate Translation: "everyone who was assigned to join the company"
Num 4:47
from thirty to fifty
This refers to men. Alternate Translation: "men from thirty to fifty"
Num 5:4
The people of Israel did so
This means that they sent the unclean people away. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "The people of Israel sent those who were unclean out of the camp"
Num 5:6
is unfaithful to me
If someone sins against another person, it means that they have also sinned against Yahweh and Yahweh considers that person as unfaithful to him. Alternate Translation: "they have also wronged me"
Num 5:8
But if the wronged person has no close relative to receive the payment
Usually the wronged person would receive the payment but if that person has died the payment goes to the closest relative. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "But if the wronged person has died and has no close relative to receive the payment"
Num 5:12
sins against her husband
This means that she is unfaithful to her husband and and sins against him by sleeping with another man. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "sins against her husband by sleeping with another man"
Num 5:13
in the act
This refers to the act of adultery. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "in the act of adultery" or "sleeping with him"
Num 5:16
near and place her before Yahweh
in the presence of Yahweh. The priest would bring her near the altar. Alternate Translation: "near the altar and place her in the presence of Yahweh"
Num 5:27
committed a sin
Here the "sin" refers specifically to committing adultery. The meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate Translation: "committed adultery"
Num 5:28
then she must be free
Possible meanings are 1) "then she will not be cursed" or 2) "then she is free from guilt."
Num 6:12
He must bring a male lamb ... as a guilt offering
The man is to bring the lamb to the priest so that it can be sacrificed. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "He must bring a male lamb one year old to the priest as a guilt offering"
Num 6:14
He must present his offering to Yahweh
He must bring his offering to the priest to be sacrificed to Yahweh. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate Translation: "He must present his offering to Yahweh by bringing it to the priest to be sacrificed" or "He must present his offering to Yahweh by bringing it to the priest who will sacrifice it"
Num 6:15
together with their grain offering and drink offerings
The word "their" refers to the other offerings that the Nazirite man was told to bring. Often grain offerings and drink offerings were required to accompany other types of sacrifices. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate Translation: "together with the grain offering and drink offering that Yahweh required to accompany the other offerings"
Num 6:20
The priest must wave them
After handing the items to the Nazirite, the priest takes them back to offer them to Yahweh. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate Translation: "Then the priest must take them back and wave them"
Num 6:21
Whatever else he may give
This refers to the Nazirite deciding to give other offering beyond what he has been commanded to give. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate Translation: "If he decides to give any additional offerings"
Num 7:3
They brought their offerings before Yahweh ... They presented these things in front of the tabernacle
This means that they gave their offerings to Yahweh and brought them to the tabernacle. These phrases may be combined to add clarity. Alternate Translation: "They brought their offerings to Yahweh and presented them to him in front of the tabernacle"
Num 7:9
the things that belong to Yahweh
You can make explicit the implicit meaning of what belongs to Yahweh. Alternate Translation: "the things that Yahweh reserved for the tabernacle"
Num 8:15
You must purify them. You must offer them as a wave offering
Yahweh repeats these things to emphasize their importance. This must happen before the Levites go to serve at the tent of meeting. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate Translation: "But first, you must purify them. You must offer them as a wave offering"
Num 9:2
Let the people ... at its fixed time of year
The word "fixed" means "previously set." This means that this is when the observe it every year. Alternate Translation: "Let the people ... at the time of year they currently observe it"
Num 9:3
On the fourteenth day ... at its fixed time of year
This is the set time of year that they celebrate the Passover. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate Translation: "On the fourteenth day ... and observe it, for this is the time you do celebrate it every year"
Num 9:6
became unclean by the body of a dead man
This implies that they touched the dead man, which made them unclean. You can make clear the full meaning of this statement. Alternate Translation: "became unclean because they touched the body of a dead man"
Num 9:7
because of the dead body of a man
This means that they had touched a dead man's body. You can make the full meaning of this statement clear. Alternate Translation: "because we have touched the body of a dead man"
Num 9:10
because of a dead body
This refers to someone touching a dead body. Alternate Translation: "because you have touched a dead body"
Num 9:16
It continued that way
It may be helpful to explain that this refers to the cloud being over the tabernacle. Alternate Translation: "The cloud remained this way over the tabernacle"
Num 9:21
from evening until morning
This means that the cloud only stayed over the tabernacle for one night. You make make clear the full meaning of this statement. Alternate Translation: "only from evening until morning" or "over the tabernacle for only one night"
Num 9:21
If it continued
The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. "If the cloud stayed over the tabernacle"
Num 10:33
the mountain of Yahweh
This refers to Mount Sinai. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "Mount Sinai, the mountain of Yahweh"
Num 10:36
many tens of thousands
This refers to people. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "many tens of thousands of people"
Num 11:29
Are you jealous for my sake?
What Joshua might have been jealous about can be stated clearly if needed. Alternate Translation: "Are you concerned that they might be taking away something that belongs to me?" or "Are you concerned that people will not respect my authority?"
Num 13:11
from the tribe of Joseph (that is to say, from the tribe Manasseh)
The relationship between between Joseph and Manasseh can be stated clearly. Alternate Translation: "from the tribe of Joseph's son Manasseh"
Num 14:35
They will be completely cut off
This probably means that they will no longer exist. Alternate Translation: "they will come to an end" or "they will all be destroyed"
Num 14:37
these men who had brought out a bad report about the land were struck down, and they died of a plague before Yahweh
The phrase "plague before Yahweh" shows that Yahweh struck them down. This can be stated in active form. Alternate Translation: "Yahweh struck down these men who had brought out a bad report about the land, and they died"
Num 15:15
He must act as you act before Yahweh
He must act as you act in Yahweh's presence. Because it says that they must act as the Israelites in Yahweh's presence, it is implied that they must obey all of Yahweh's commands. Alternate Translation: "he must act as you act and obey all of Yahweh's commands"
Num 18:7
who approaches
What they should not approach can be stated clearly. Alternate Translation: "who approaches the sacred things"
Num 18:16
five shekels
A shekel is a unit of weight. What was weighed can be stated clearly. Alternate Translation: "five shekels of silver"
Num 18:17
You must sprinkle their blood
That he must kill the animals first can be stated clearly. Alternate Translation: "You must kill them and sprinkle their blood"
Num 20:12
Because you did not trust me or honor me as holy in the eyes of the people of Israel
How Moses showed that he did not trust and honor God can be stated clearly. Alternate Translation: "Because you did not trust me or honor me as holy in the eyes of the people of Israel, but struck the rock instead of speaking to it as I told you"
Num 21:8
Make a snake
Since it is impossible for Moses to make a real snake, it is implied that he was to make a model of a snake. This implied information can be made clear. Alternate Translation: "Make a model of a snake"
Num 21:18
with the scepter and their staffs
A scepter was carried by those with authority, and the staff was carried by everyone. Neither of these are digging tools. These two items emphasize that they were not too proud to use any means available. Alternate Translation: "using even their scepter and staffs"
Num 22:23
with his drawn sword
A sword is drawn from its sheath in order to be ready to use. Alternate Translation: "with his sword ready to attack"
Num 22:31
with his drawn sword
A sword is drawn from its sheath in order to be ready to use. See how you translated this in [Numbers 22:23](./23.md). Alternate Translation: "with his sword ready to attack"
Num 23:4
I have offered up a bull and a ram
It has already been stated that he killed these animals as a burnt offering. Alternate Translation: "I have killed a bull and a ram and burnt them as an offering"
Num 23:10
the death of a righteous person
It is understood that this will be a peaceful death. This can be stated. Alternate Translation: "the peaceful death of a righteous person"
Num 23:28
which looks down on the wilderness
It is understood that this wilderness was where Israel was camped. Alternate Translation: "which looks down on the wilderness where Israel was"
Num 24:19
of their city
This refers to the city of Ar where Balak met Balaam.
Num 25:4
all the leaders of the people
It is implied that this refers to the leaders who were guilty of idolatry. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate Translation: "all the leaders of the people who are guilty of idolatry"
Num 25:6
brought among his family members a Midianite woman
It is implied that he brought her among his camp to have sex with her. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate Translation: "brought a Midianite woman to the Israelite camp to sleep with her"
Num 26:2
Count all the community
They were only to count the men, not the women. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate Translation: "Count all the men of the community"
Num 26:37
These were Joseph's descendants, counted
The word "these" refers to all of the men descended from Joseph's sons, Ephraim and Manasseh. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate Translation: "These were Joseph's descendants, descended from his sons Manasseh and Ephraim, counted"
Num 26:54
give more inheritance
In this passage, the word "inheritance" refers to land inherited. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate Translation: "give more land as an inheritance"
Num 27:3
who conspired against Yahweh in the company of Korah
The people in the company of Korah gathered together and rebelled against Yahweh. Yahweh caused them to die, because of their sin. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate Translation: "who died because they were among Korah's followers who rebelled against Yahweh"
Num 27:4
Give us land among our father's relatives
This means that they are asking to inherit land near where their father's relatives are inheriting land. The meaning of this can be made clear. Alternate Translation: "Give us land where our father's relatives live"
Num 27:7
among their father's relatives
This means that they will be inherit land where their father's relatives are inheriting land. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate Translation: "where their father's relatives live"
Num 27:14
when the water flowed from the rock, in your anger
This refers to an event when Yahweh made water miraculously flow out of a rock. God told Moses to speak to the rock. Instead, Moses hit the rock because he was angry with the people.
Num 28:7
You must pour out in the holy place a drink offering of strong drink to Yahweh
This sentence describes the drink offering that is to accompany the lamb. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate Translation: "It must be a drink offering of strong drink and you must pour it out in the holy place to Yahweh"
Num 28:9
the drink offering with it
Many offerings had a drink offering that was required to be offered with them. The full meaning of the can be made clear. Alternate Translation: "the drink offering that accompanies it"
Num 30:6
Yahweh will forgive her
This refers to Yahweh forgiving her for not fulfilling her vows. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate Translation: "Yahweh will forgive her for not fulfilling her vows"
Num 30:10
If a woman made a vow in her husband's house
This refers to a married woman. You can make the meaning of this statement clear. Alternate Translation: "If a married woman makes a vow"
Num 30:15
then he will be responsible for her sin
This means that he will be guilty of her sin instead of her if she does not fulfill her vow. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate Translation: "if she does not fulfill her vow, she will not be guilty of her sin, and he will be guilty instead of her"
Num 31:5
twelve thousand men armed for war
All 12 tribes sent men, including the tribe of Levi. Each tribe sent 1,000 men into battle.
Num 32:5
Do not make us cross over the Jordan
They wanted the land on the east side of the Jordan River instead of crossing over to the west side and claiming land there. Alternate Translation: "Do not make us cross over the Jordan to take possession of land on that side"
Num 32:9
They saw the land
This refers to seeing what was in the land. Alternate Translation: "They saw the strong people and cities in the land"
Num 32:22
you may return
It is implied that they will return to the east side of the Jordan. Alternate Translation: "you may return to this land on the east side of the Jordan"
Num 32:27
will cross over
You can make it clear that they will cross over the Jordan. Alternate Translation: "will cross over the Jordan River"
Num 32:32
We will cross over armed
You can make it clear that they will cross the Jordan. Alternate Translation: "We will cross over the Jordan ready to fight"
Num 33:4
their firstborn
This refers to the firstborn sons. Alternate Translation: "their firstborn sons"
Num 35:25
The community must rescue the accused
This means if the community judges that the death was accidental then they must save the accused man from the relative who wants to kill him. If the community judges that the death was not accidental, then the relative must execute the accused man.
Num 35:32
You must not ... allow him to reside on his own property
This implied that the man would have left the city of refuge and returned home. Alternate Translation: "You must not ... allow him to leave the city of refuge and return home to live on his own property"
Num 36:4
the year of Jubilee of the people
This refers to a celebration which happens once every fifty years. In this celebration, all land that someone sold or traded must return to the original owner.
Deu 1:9
I spoke to you at that time
Here "I" refers to Moses. The phrase "at that time" refers to when the Israelites were at Horeb, which is the same as Mount Sinai. Alternate Translation: "When we were at Horeb, I spoke to you"
Deu 1:18
at that time
This means the time when they were at Horeb, at Mount Sinai.
Deu 1:26
Yet you refused to attack
God commanded the Israelites to attack and destroy the Amorites, but the Israelites were afraid and refused to fight them.
Deu 1:28
sons of the Anakim
These are descendants of the Anak people who were very large and fierce.
Deu 1:37
Yahweh was angry with me because of you
This refers to when Moses disobeyed what Yahweh told him to do because Moses was angry with the people of Israel.
Deu 1:38
who stands before you
Why Joshua stands before Moses can be stated clearly. Alternate Translation: "who stands before you as your servant" or "who helps you"
Deu 2:9
the descendants of Lot
The people of Israel were related to the descendants of Moab. Moab was the son of Lot. Lot was the nephew of Abraham.
Deu 2:19
to the descendants of Lot
The people of Israel were related to the descendants of Ammon. Ammon was the son of Lot. Lot was the nephew of Abraham.
Deu 3:18
I commanded you at that time
Moses reminds the tribe of Reuben, the tribe of Gad, and the half tribe of Manasseh that they must help the other Israelites conquer the rest of the land God promised them.
Deu 3:26
Yahweh was angry with me because of you
This refers to when Moses disobeyed what Yahweh told him to do because Moses was angry with the people of Israel. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 1:37](../01/37.md).
Deu 4:3
because of Baal Peor
The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate Translation: "because of the sins you committed at Baal Peor"
Deu 4:21
Yahweh was angry with me because of you
This refers to when Moses disobeyed what Yahweh told him to do because Moses was angry with the people of Israel. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. See how you translated this in [Deuteronomy 1:37](../01/37.md).
Deu 5:8
that is in the earth beneath, or that is in the water below
This can be made more explicit. Alternate Translation: "that is in the earth beneath your feet, or that is in the water below the earth"
Deu 5:10
to thousands, to those who love me
Some translations read "to a thousand generations of those who love me." The word "thousands" is a metonym for a number too many to count. Alternate Translation: "forever, to those who love me"
Deu 6:3
listen to them
Here "listen" means to obey, and "them" refers to Yahweh's commandments. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "listen to Yahweh's commandments, statutes, and decrees"
Deu 6:23
might bring us in
The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "might bring us into Canaan"
Deu 9:2
sons of the Anakim
Descendants of the Anak people who were very large and fierce. See how you translated similar words in [Deuteronomy 1:28](../01/28.md).
Deu 9:16
molded for yourselves a calf
The Israelites of the earlier generation had asked Aaron to make a metal calf so they could worship it. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit.
Deu 10:9
no portion nor inheritance of land
The tribe of Levi did not receive a portion of the promised land when they arrived there. The full meaning of this statement may be made explicit.
Deu 11:6
Dathan and Abiram, the sons of Eliab
Moses is referring to an event in the past when Dathan and Abiram rebelled against Moses and Aaron. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit.
Deu 12:15
However, you may kill and eat animals within all your gates
The people could only kill animals as sacrifices in the place that Yahweh would choose. They could kill animals for food anywhere they wanted. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit.
Deu 12:16
But you will not eat the blood
The blood represents life and God did not allow the people to eat the blood along with the meat. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit.
Deu 12:27
you will eat the flesh
God's law specifies which parts of the animal are for the burnt offering, which parts are for the priest and which parts are for the offerer to eat. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "you will eat some of the meat"
Deu 13:11
All Israel will hear and fear
It is implied that when the people hear about the person who was executed, they will be afraid to act like he did.
Deu 14:27
for he has no portion nor inheritance with you
The tribe of Levi did not receive a portion of land as their inheritance. Their share of the inheritance was the honor of serving Yahweh as his priests. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit.
Deu 15:9
The seventh year, the year of release, is near
It is implied that because the year of release will happen soon, the person thinking this will be reluctant to help a poor person since it is likely that the poor person will not have to pay him back. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear.
Deu 16:1
keep the Passover
It is implied by "keep the Passover" that they would celebrate and eat the Passover meal. Alternate Translation: "celebrate the Passover meal" or "eat the Passover meal"
Deu 16:3
the bread of affliction
This was the name of the unleavened bread. The full meaning can be stated explicitly. Alternate Translation: "this bread will remind you of how much you suffered while in Egypt"
Deu 16:3
out of the land of Egypt in haste
The people had to leave Egypt so quickly that they did not have enough time to make bread with yeast in it. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "out of the land of Egypt in such hurry you did not have time to make bread with yeast in it"
Deu 17:13
All the people must hear and fear, and act arrogantly no more
It is implied that when the people hear about the person who was executed for acting arrogantly, they will be afraid and not act arrogantly themselves.
Deu 19:3
You must build a road
They were to build roads so that it would be easy for people to travel to these cities.
Deu 19:3
divide the borders of your land into three parts
It is implied that one of the cities they choose must be in each part of the land.
Deu 19:4
and did not previously hate him
but did not hate his neighbor before he killed him. This implies there was no cause for him to kill his neighbor purposely.
Deu 19:5
to one of these cities and save his life
It is implied that the family of the dead man may try to get revenge. The man who killed him can flee to one of these cities, and the people there would protect him.
Deu 19:11
lies in wait for him
The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "hides and waits in order to kill him" or "plans to kill him"
Deu 19:14
You must not remove your neighbor's landmark
The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "You must not take land away from your neighbor by moving the markers on the borders of his land"
Deu 19:17
must stand before Yahweh, before the priests and the judges
This means the two persons must go to the sanctuary where Yahweh's presence dwells. At the sanctuary are priests and judges who have the authority to make legal decisions for Yahweh.
Deu 19:20
will hear and fear
The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "will hear about the punishment and be afraid of getting punished"
Deu 20:1
see horses, chariots
People considered an army with many horses and chariots to be very strong. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit.
Deu 20:5
The officers must speak
One of the officers' jobs was to decide who could leave the army. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit.
Deu 21:13
she will take off the clothes she was wearing
She will do this after the man brings her to his house and when she shaves her head and cuts her fingernails and toenails as mentioned in [Deuteronomy 21:12](./12.md). The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "she will take off the clothes of her people and put on Israelite clothes"
Deu 21:14
But if you take no delight in her
You may need to make explicit that the man sleeps with the woman. Alternate Translation: "But if you sleep with her and then decide that you do not want her as your wife"
Deu 21:21
will hear of it and fear
The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "will hear about what happened to the son and be afraid that the people will punish them also"
Deu 22:17
he has accused her of shameful things
The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "he has accused her of having slept with someone before he married her"
Deu 22:17
Then they will spread the garment out before the elders of the city
The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "And then the mother and father will show the clothing with the bloodstain to the elders as proof that she was a virgin"
Deu 22:24
because he violated his neighbor's wife
The Israelites at that time thought of a man and woman who had engaged each other for marriage as husband and wife. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "because he slept with a girl who belongs to a fellow Israelite"
Deu 22:30
must not take his father's wife as his own
The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "must not marry his father's former wife, even if she is not his mother"
Deu 23:4
they did not meet you with bread and with water
The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "they did not welcome you by bringing you food and drink"
Deu 23:15
a slave who has escaped from his master
The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "a slave from another country who escaped from his master and came to Israel"
Deu 23:22
But if you will refrain from making a vow, it will be no sin for you
The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "But, if you do not make a vow, you will not sin because you will not have a vow to fulfill"
Deu 23:24
but do not put any in your basket
The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "but you may not put any grapes in your bag to take them away with you"
Deu 24:4
after she has become impure
The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "after she has become unclean by the divorce and remarriage to another man"
Deu 24:13
so that he may sleep in his cloak and bless you
The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "so that he will have his coat to keep himself warm when he sleeps, and he will be grateful to you"
Deu 24:15
for he is poor and is counting on it
The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "because he is poor and depends on his wages to buy his food for the next day"
Deu 24:17
nor take the widow's cloak as a pledge
A lender would take something from the borrower to ensure that she would pay him back. He was not allowed to take her coat because she needed it to stay warm. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "and do not take a widow's cloak as a pledge because she needs it to stay warm"
Deu 25:7
must go up to the gate to the elders
The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "must go up to the city gate where the elders judge cases"
Deu 25:10
The house of him whose sandal has been taken off
Here removing the sandal symbolizes that the brother would not receive any of the property of his dead brother. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. This can also be stated in active form. Alternate Translation: "The house of him whose sandal his brother's widow took off his foot" or "The family of a man who did not marry the wife of his dead brother" or "The family whom everyone despises" or "The family who is shameful"
Deu 25:13
You must not have in your bag different weights, a large and a small
The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. You can also make clear the understood information. Alternate Translation: "You must not cheat people by using a weight that is larger than you say it is when you buy things and by using a weight that is smaller than you say it is when you sell things"
Deu 25:14
You must not have in your house different measures, a large and a small
The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. You can also make clear the understood information. Alternate Translation: "You must not cheat people by using a measure that is larger than you say it is when you buy things and by using a measure that is smaller than you say it is when you sell things"
Deu 25:18
he did not honor God
The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "he was not afraid of God's punishment" or "he did not respect God"
Deu 26:14
when I was impure
Here "impure" means the person is unclean according to the Law. God does not allow an unclean person to touch the tithe he is giving to God. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "when I was unclean according to the Law" or "when the law says I cannot touch it"
Deu 27:2
plaster them with plaster
Plaster is usually a mixture of lime, sand, and water that is spread on something. It dries to form a hard, smooth surface on which a person can write. Alternate Translation: "spread plaster on them" or "make them so you can write on them"
Deu 27:5
you must raise no iron tool to work the stones
This refers to the chisels that would make the stones smoother, in order that they might fit together better. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "you will not shape the altar stones with iron tools"
Deu 27:17
who removes his neighbor's landmark
The full meaning of the statement can be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "who takes land away from his neighbor by moving the markers on the borders of his land"
Deu 27:20
he has taken away his father's rights
When a man marries a woman, only he has the legal right to sleep with her. The full meaning of this statement may be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "he has taken away his father's legal rights"
Deu 27:21
who sleeps with any kind of beast
The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "who sleeps with any kind of beast in the way that man sleeps with a woman"
Deu 28:40
your olive trees will drop their fruit
You may need to make explicit that the fruit drops before it is ripe. Alternate Translation: "your olive trees will drop their fruit before the fruit is ripe" or "the olives will fall off your olive trees before they are ripe"
Deu 30:15
life and good, death and evil
You can make clear the implicit information. Alternate Translation: "what is good and will cause you to live, and what is evil and will cause you to die"
Deu 31:21
the land that I promised
God's promise of the land was to give it to the people of Israel. This can be stated clearly. Alternate Translation: "the land that I promised I would give to them"
Deu 32:21
worthless things
You may need to make explicit what the "things" are. Alternate Translation: "worthless idols"
Deu 33:15
finest things ... precious things
Moses is probably referring to food crops. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate Translation: "the best fruits ... the precious fruits"
Deu 33:16
him who was in the bush
The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate Translation: "Yahweh, who spoke to Moses from the burning bush"
Deu 33:18
Rejoice, Zebulun, in your going out, and you, Issachar, in your tents
The people of Zebulun were located near the Mediterranean Sea. They traveled by sea and traded with other people. The people of Issachar preferred peaceful living and working the land and raising cattle. You can make clear the understood information.
Deu 33:23
the land to the west and south
This refers to the land around Lake Galilee. The full meaning of this statement may be made explicit.
Deu 33:24
dip his foot in olive oil
Olive oil was used for food and for the skin of the face and arms. Feet were dirty, so to put the foot in olive oil was to ruin valuable oil. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate Translation: "have so much olive oil that he can afford to waste it"
Deu 33:25
May your city bars be iron and bronze
Cities had large bars across their gates to keep enemies out. The meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate Translation: "May you be safe from attacks by your enemies"
Deu 34:9
Moses had laid his hands on him
The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate Translation: "Moses had laid his hands on him to set Joshua apart so Joshua would serve Yahweh"
Jos 1:10
the people
This refers to the people of Israel. Alternate Translation: "the people of Israel"
Jos 1:12
General Information:
The tribes of Reuben, Gad and half of the tribe of Manasseh chose to settle east of the Jordan River.
Jos 2:22
their pursuers returned
It may be helpful to say they returned to Jericho. Alternate Translation: "their pursuers returned to the city of Jericho"
Jos 2:23
The two men returned
The two men returned back to the Israelite's camp.
Jos 3:17
the Jordan
This refers to the Jordan River bed.
Jos 4:1
the Jordan
the Jordan River
Jos 4:5
into the middle of the Jordan. Each of you is to take up a stone upon his shoulder
Each of the twelve men were to pick up a large stone from the Jordan River bed and carry them to the other side to build a monument.
Jos 4:8
they picked up twelve stones from the middle of the Jordan
This refers to the twelve men picking up stones from the middle of the Jordan River bed.
Jos 4:9
Then Joshua set up twelve stones in the middle of the Jordan
These were twelve additional stones, not the stones that the twelve men carried from the river bed.
Jos 4:12
The tribe of Reuben, the tribe of Gad, and the half tribe of Manasseh passed before the people of Israel formed up as an army
These were the soldiers of the 3 tribes that were fulfilling their obligation to lead the Israelites into battle for settling on the East side of the Jordan River.
Jos 4:20
The twelve stones that they took out of the Jordan
Each tribe was to take one stone from the Jordan River so Joshua could build a memorial of the crossing event.
Jos 5:3
Joshua made himself flint knives ... he circumcised all the males
There were over 600,000 males, so it is understood that while Joshua was in charge of this task, many other people helped him. If this would confuse your readers, you may want to make this explicit. Alternate Translation: "Joshua and the Israelites made themselves flint knives ... they circumcised all the males"
Jos 6:8
The ark of the covenant of Yahweh followed after them
It can be stated clearly that there were people carrying the ark. Alternate Translation: "The priests who were carrying the ark of the covenant of Yahweh followed after them"
Jos 13:2
This is the land that still remains
You may clarify that this is the land that Israel still needs to capture. Alternate Translation: "This is the land that still remains for Israel to capture"
Jos 13:13
Geshur and Maacath live among Israel
Geshur and "Maacath" are either the names of the ancestors of "the Geshurites" and "the Maacathites" or are the names of the cities in which they lived. Alternate Translation: "those people live among Israel"
Jos 15:14
the three sons of Anak: Sheshai, Ahiman and Talmai, descendants of Anak
These names represent clans of people who were descendants of Sheshai, Ahiman, and Talmai. The words "sons" and "descendants" in this context mean the same thing. Alternate Translation: "the three clans, Sheshai, Ahiman, and Talmai, who were descendants of Anak"
Jos 16:1
the tribe of Joseph
The "tribe of Joseph" consisted of the tribes of Joseph's two sons, Manasseh and Ephraim. Since half of the tribe of Manasseh had settled east of the Jordan, this phrase refers to the tribe of Ephraim and the other half of the tribe of Manasseh. Alternate Translation: "the tribe of Ephraim and the other half of the tribe of Manasseh"
Jos 17:14
the descendants of Joseph
This refers to the tribes of Ephraim and Manasseh.
Jos 18:11
the descendants of Joseph
This refers to the tribes of Ephraim and Manasseh.
Jdg 1:2
this land
This refers to the land where the Canaanites lived. Alternate Translation: "the land of the Canaanites"
Jdg 1:4
The men of Judah attacked
It is implied that the men of Simeon attacked with the men of Judah.
Jdg 1:14
give her a field ... Since you have given me the land
This implies that Caleb did give her the field when she asked him for it in verse 14. In verse 15, she is now asking for springs of water in addition to that field.
Jdg 1:15
give her a field ... Since you have given me the land
This implies that Caleb did give her the field when she asked him for it in verse 14. In verse 15, she is now asking for springs of water in addition to that field.
Jdg 1:15
Since you have given me the land of the Negev
Caleb gave Aksah in marriage to Othniel, so she lived with Othniel in the city that he had captured in the Negev. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "Since you have given me in marriage to live in the Negev"
Jdg 1:16
City of Palms
This is another name for the city of Jericho.
Jdg 1:17
The name of the city was called Hormah
After the Israelites destroyed Zephath, they changed its name to "Hormah." The name "Hormah" means "complete destruction."
Jdg 2:6
to the place assigned
This statement can be made clearer. Alternate Translation: "to the place Yahweh gave them"
Jdg 4:18
Turn aside
This means to change course during a journey in order to rest. Alternate Translation: "Come here"
Jdg 5:1
On that day
The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "On the day the Israelites defeated the army of King Jabin"
Jdg 5:5
even Mount Sinai quaked
When Moses and Israel were at Mount Sinai, it quaked. Alternate Translation: "long ago, even Mount Sinai quaked"
Jdg 5:8
they chose new gods
The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "the people of Israel worshiped new gods"
Jdg 5:17
the other side of the Jordan
This refers to the east side of the Jordan.
Jdg 5:17
wander about on ships
The tribe of Dan was located near the Mediterranean sea. They sailed on the sea to make money through trade and fishing.
Jdg 5:17
Asher remained on the coast and lived close to his harbors
The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "The people of the tribe of Asher also failed to help us, they just remained on the coast near their harbors"
Jdg 5:21
The Kishon River swept them away
Because of the heavy rain the river flooded quickly causing the chariots to be stuck in the mud and drowning many soldiers. Alternate Translation: "The Kishon River flooded and swept away Sisera's soldiers"
Jdg 5:22
Then came the sound of horses' hooves—galloping, the galloping of his mighty ones
This describes the sound of many horses running away from the battle. Alternate Translation: "Then I heard the sound of horses running away. Sisera's mighty horses were running away"
Jdg 5:25
a dish fit for princes
This phrase means the dish was of the best quality because princes were given the best things.
Jdg 6:16
as one man
You can state the full meaning explicitly. Alternate Translation: "as easily as if you were fighting only one man"
Jdg 6:23
Yahweh said to him
Apparently Yahweh spoke to Gideon from heaven.
Jdg 6:33
gathered together
The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "gathered together as an army"
Jdg 6:37
then I will know that you will
The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "this will be a sign from you, and then I will know that you will"
Jdg 7:3
let him return
You can make explicit where he will go. Alternate Translation: "let him return to his home"
Jdg 7:18
For Yahweh and for Gideon!
The words "we fight" are implied. Alternate Translation: "We fight for Yahweh and for Gideon!"
Jdg 7:25
at the rock of Oreb ... at the winepress of Zeeb
The places were given these names after the Israelites killed Oreb and Zeeb there.
Jdg 8:7
I will tear your skin with the desert thorns and briers
The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "I will make whips out of desert thorns and briers and use them to beat you and cut you"
Jdg 8:14
questioned him
It can be stated explicitly what Gideon asked the young man. Alternate Translation: "he asked him to identify all the names of the leaders in the town"
Jdg 9:27
they trampled on them
They did this to squeeze out the grape juice to make wine with it.
Jdg 9:45
spread salt over it
spread salt over the land. Spreading salt over land keeps anything from growing there.
Jdg 10:16
foreign gods among them
You can make explicit the implicit meaning of this statement. Alternate Translation: "foreign gods whose images they possessed"
Jdg 11:8
That is why we are turning to you now
The word "that" refers to what Jephthah said about about them being in trouble. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate Translation: "We are turning to you now because we are in trouble"
Jdg 11:15
he said
Here the word "he" refers to the messenger who was speaking to the king. This may be written with the word "they" as in the UDB, referring to the group of messengers. Alternate Translation: "Jephthah told the messengers to say" or "they said"
Jdg 11:17
They also sent messengers to the king of Moab
The reason that Israel sent messengers to the king of Moab can be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "They also send messengers to the king of Moab with the same request"
Jdg 11:17
but he refused
The king of Moab refused Israel's request to pass through Moab. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate Translation: "but he also refused and would not let them pass through the land of Moab"
Jdg 11:20
But Sihon did not trust Israel to pass through his territory
Sihon did not trust the people of Israel to pass through his land peacefully. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "But Sihon did not trust the people of Israel to pass through his territory peacefully"
Jdg 11:29
he passed through Gilead and Manasseh ... from Mizpah of Gilead
Jephthah passed through these places enlisting men for his army to go to war with the people of Ammon. The full meaning of this can be made clear. Alternate Translation: "he gathered men for his army as he passed through Gilead and Manasseh ... from Mizpah of Gilead"
Jdg 11:36
has taken vengeance for you against your enemies, the Ammonites
Yahweh has taken vengence for him by defeating his enemies. The meaning of this can be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "has taken vengeance for you against your enemies, the Ammonites, by defeating them"
Jdg 12:3
Yahweh gave me victory
Jephthah is referring to Yahweh giving the men of Gilead victory over the Ammonites. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate Translation: "Yahweh gave us victory over them" or "Yahweh allowed us to defeat them in battle"
Jdg 12:3
passed through against the people of Ammon
This means that they fought against the Ammonites as they passed through Ammon. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate Translation: "fought against the people of Ammon as we passed through their region"
Jdg 12:4
You Gileadites are fugitives
You can make the meaning of this insult explicit. Alternate Translation: "You Gileadites do not really belong here. You are just people who came here to live"
Jdg 13:5
a Nazirite to God
This means that he will be devoted to God as a Nazirite. Alternate Translation: "a Nazirite devoted to God" or "devoted to God as a Nazirite"
Jdg 13:6
A man of God
This means that the man was sent by God. This can be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "A man that God sent"
Jdg 13:7
a Nazirite to God
This means that he will be devoted to God as a Nazirite. See how you translated this in [Judges 3:5](../03/05.md). Alternate Translation: "a Nazirite devoted to God" or "devoted to God as a Nazirite"
Jdg 13:9
came to the woman
You can make explicit the implicit meaning of the author's words. Alternate Translation: "came to Manoah's wife"
Jdg 13:10
The man
This refers to the angel of God in [Judges 13:3](./03.md). This can be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "the man of God"
Jdg 13:15
prepare a young goat for you
You can make explicit the implicit meaning of Manoah's statement. Alternate Translation: "cook a young goat for you to eat"
Jdg 13:18
It is wonderful
It may be helpful to explain more explicitly why they should not ask his name. Alternate Translation: "It is too wonderful for you to understand"
Jdg 13:19
with the grain offering
This law requires a grain offering to be offered when a burnt offering is made. Alternate Translation: "with the grain offering required with it" or "with the grain offering to accompany it"
Jdg 13:22
We are sure to die, because we have seen God
It is implied that they think God will cause them to die. This can be made clear. Alternate Translation: "God will cause us to die because we have seen him"
Jdg 14:3
she pleases me
This means that Samson thinks she is beautiful. "I am pleased by how beautiful she is" or "she is beautiful"
Jdg 14:7
she pleased Samson
This means that he thought she was very beautiful. Alternate Translation: "he was pleased by how beautiful she was" or "he thought she was very beautiful"
Jdg 14:10
the custom of the young men
It may be helpful to state that this was a marriage custom. Alternate Translation: "the custom of young men who were getting married"
Jdg 14:15
to make us poor
They would become poor if they had to buy him new clothes if they could not solve the riddle. Alternate Translation: "to make us poor by forcing us to buy him new clothes"
Jdg 14:18
the men of the city
This refers to Samson's wife's relatives. This can be stated clearly. Alternate Translation: "the young men" or "her relatives"
Jdg 14:19
their clothes
These were from the plunder he had taken from Ashkelon. Alternate Translation: "the sets of clothing that he had taken"
Jdg 15:1
I will go to my wife's room
Samson intended to sleep with his wife. This can be stated clearly. Alternate Translation: "I will go to my wife's room, so we may sleep together"
Jdg 15:2
so I gave her to your friend
This means that he gave her to be his friend's wife. This can be stated clearly. Alternate Translation: "so I gave her to be married to your friend"
Jdg 15:2
Take her instead
He is suggesting that Samson take her as his wife. This can be stated clearly. Alternate Translation: "Take her to be your wife instead"
Jdg 15:3
I will be innocent in regard to the Philistines when I hurt them
Samson thinks that he will be innocent if he attacks the Philistines because they wronged him. This can be stated clearly. Alternate Translation: "I will be innocent if I hurt the Philistines because they have wronged me"
Jdg 15:6
took Samson's wife and gave her to his friend
Samson's wife's father gave her in marriage to Samson's friend. This can be stated clearly. Alternate Translation: "took Samson's wife and allowed her to marry Samson's friend"
Jdg 15:10
do to him as he has done to us
The Philistines are comparing how they want to kill Samson to how he killed many of the Philistines. Alternate Translation: "kill him like he killed many of our people"
Jdg 15:11
They did to me, and so I have done to them
Samson is referring to how they killed his wife and how he killed them in revenge. This can be stated clearly. Alternate Translation: "They killed my wife, so I killed them"
Jdg 15:13
up from the rock
This refers to the cave in the cliff of Etam where Samson had gone in [Judges 15:8](./08.md). Here the words "up from" mean that they had brought him away from the cave. Alternate Translation: "away from the cave in the large rock"
Jdg 15:14
When he came
Samson was not travelling alone, he was being led by the men who had tied him with ropes. Alternate Translation: "When they came"
Jdg 15:16
heaps upon heaps
This phrase describes how many people Samson killed. There were enough bodies to make large piles of bodies. Alternate Translation: "I have made heaps of dead bodies"
Jdg 15:20
in the days of the Philistines
This refers to the time period that the Philistines controlled the land of Israel. Alternate Translation: "during the time the Philistines controlled Israel"
Jdg 16:13
I will be like any other man
The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "I will be as weak as any other man"
Jdg 16:14
he pulled out the fabric and the pin from the loom
Samson pulled out the fabric from the loom when he pulled his hair away from the loom. This can be stated clearly. Alternate Translation: "pulled away his hair, taking with it the pin of the loom and the fabric in the loom"
Jdg 16:17
told her everything
everything about the source of his strength. This can be stated clearly. Alternate Translation: "told her the source of his strength" or "told her the truth"
Jdg 16:17
a Nazirite for God
This means that he is devoted to God as a Nazirite. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Judges 13:5](../13/05.md). Alternate Translation: "a Nazirite devoted to God" or "devoted to God as a Nazirite"
Jdg 16:18
the truth about everything
Here the word "everything" refers to everything about why Samson was strong. Alternate Translation: "the truth about why he is strong"
Jdg 16:18
bringing the silver in their hands
This means that they brought to her the silver that they had promised to give her if she helped them capture Samson. Alternate Translation: "bringing the silver that they had promised to give her"
Jdg 16:19
in her lap
This means that he slept with his head on her lap. This can be stated clearly. Alternate Translation: "with his head on her lap"
Jdg 16:20
But he did not know that Yahweh had left him
It is implied that if Yahweh left Samson, he would no longer be strong. Alternate Translation: "But he did not know that Yahweh had left him and that he would not be strong enough to defeat the Philistines"
Jdg 16:25
Call for Samson ... They called for Samson
Since Samson was a prisoner, he would not be called directly, but rather the people were asking for the men in charge of the prison to bring him to them. Alternate Translation: "Call for them to bring out Samson ... They brought Samson"
Jdg 16:30
He stretched out with his strength
When Samson stretched out his arms he pushed down the pillars of the building. Alternate Translation: "He used his strength to push down the pillars" or "He used his strength to push over the pillars"
Jdg 16:31
Samson had judged Israel for twenty years
This same sentence is also in [Judges 15:20](../15/20.md). It is repeated here to remind readers of how long he judged Israel. Alternate Translation: "Samson had judged Israel for twenty years before he died"
Jdg 17:5
a house of idols
This refers to a house used specifically for worshiping idols. This can be stated clearly. Alternate Translation: "a house for worshiping idols"
Jdg 17:7
of the clan of Judah
This means that he was living among the family of Judah, that is, the tribe of Judah. Alternate Translation: "who was living among the tribe of Judah"
Jdg 17:9
where I might live
It is implied that he is looking for a place to live and work. Alternate Translation: "where I might live and have a job"
Jdg 17:10
So the Levite went into his house
It is implied that the Levite accepted Micah's offer, and therefore, entered Micah's house. Alternate Translation: "So the Levite accepted his offer and went into his house"
Jdg 18:1
not received any inheritance from
This refers specifically to land inherited where they would live. Alternate Translation: "not received a land inheritance from"
Jdg 18:21
They put the small children in front of themselves
They traveled this way to protect the children. If Micah and his people attacked them the would reach the warriors first and not the children. Alternate Translation: "They put the small children in front of themselves to protect them"
Jdg 18:25
hear you say anything
The word "anything" refers to any information about the Danites coming to Micah's house and stealing his idols. This can be stated clearly. Alternate Translation: "hear you say anything about this matter" or "hear you say anything about what has happened"
Jdg 18:26
they were too strong for him
This refers to the Danites being too strong for Micah and his men to fight against. Alternate Translation: "they were too strong for him and his men to fight"
Jdg 18:30
Jonathan son of Gershom, son of Moses
This is the name of the young Levite who used to serve as priest for Micah. This can be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "The young Levite's name was Jonathan the son of Gershom, son of Moses"
Jdg 19:2
was unfaithful to him
This means that she was unfaithful in their relationship and that she began to sleep with other men. This can be stated explicitly if necessary. Alternate Translation: "began to sleep with other men"
Jdg 19:28
But there was no answer
The woman did not answer because she was dead. This can be stated clearly. Alternate Translation: "But she did not answer because she was dead"
Jdg 19:29
sent the pieces everywhere throughout Israel
This means that he sent sent the different pieces to twelve different areas of Israel. Alternate Translation: "sent each piece to a different place throughout Israel"
Jdg 20:28
was serving before the ark
The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "was serving as priest before the ark"
Jdg 20:28
Attack
The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "Attack the army of Benjamin"
Jdg 20:31
fought against the people
The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "fought against the people of Israel"
Jdg 20:31
They began to kill some of the people
The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "The people of Benjamin began to kill some of the men of Israel"
Jdg 21:9
none of the inhabitants of Jabesh Gilead were there
This refers back to the earlier assembly at Mizpah. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate Translation: "none of the inhabitants of Jabesh Gilead had been present at Mizpah"
Jdg 21:21
each one of you should grab a wife ... go back to the land of Benjamin
It it understood that the Benjamites would take these women back to their own land with them. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "each one of you should seize one of the girls of Shiloh, and then take her back with you to the land of Benjamin to become your wife"
Jdg 21:22
because we did not get wives for each man during the war
The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "because we did not get wives for each of them during the war with Jabesh Gilead"
Rut 1:1
in the land
This refers to the land of Israel. Alternate Translation: "in the land of Israel"
Rut 1:6
she had heard in the region of Moab
while Naomi was living in Moab she heard. It is implied that the news came from Israel. Alternate Translation: "she heard from Israel while in the region of Moab"
Rut 1:12
too old to have a husband
The reason a husband would be important can be stated clearly. Alternate Translation: "too old to marry again and bear more children"
Rut 1:14
Ruth held on to her
Ruth clung to her. Alternate Translation: "Ruth refused to leave her" or "Ruth would not leave her"
Rut 1:16
your people will be my people
Ruth is referring to Naomi's people, the Israelites. Alternate Translation: "I will consider the people of your country as being my own people" or "I will consider your relatives as my own relatives"
Rut 2:18
She lifted it up and went into the city
It is implied that Ruth carried the grain home.
Rut 3:2
female workers you have been with
The translation can make explicit that she was working in the fields with these female workers. Alternate Translation: "female workers you have been with in the fields"
Rut 3:13
if he will perform for you the duty of a kinsman
Boaz is referring to the expectation that the closest male relative of Ruth's dead husband would marry her and help carry on his family name.
Rut 3:16
How did you do, my daughter?
What Ruth meant by this question can be made more clear. Alternate Translation: "What happened, my daughter?" or "How did Boaz act toward you?"
Rut 4:17
father of David
father of King David. Though "king" is not stated, it was clear to the original audience that David was King David.
1Sa 1:9
Hannah rose up after
Implicit information here can be made explicit. Either Hannah's tent was next to the tabernacle tent or she walked from her tent to the tabernacle to pray. Alternate Translation: "Hannah rose up and went to the house of Yahweh to pray after"
1Sa 1:10
She was deeply distressed
Hannah was deeply troubled or grieved because of not having any children and being ridiculed regularly by Peninnah, her husband's other wife.
1Sa 2:15
they burned
The person who actually did the burning can be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "the man who was sacrificing took his sacrifice to the priests and the priests burned"
1Sa 4:4
who sits above the cherubim
You may need to make explicit that the cherubim are those on the lid of the ark of the covenant. The biblical writers often spoke of the ark of the covenant as if it were Yahweh's footstool upon which he rested his feet as he sat on his throne in heaven above. Alternate Translation: "who sits on his throne above the cherubim on the ark of the covenant"
1Sa 4:5
When the ark of the covenant of Yahweh came into the camp
When the people carried the ark of the covenant of Yahweh into the camp Some languages may need to add understood information to make the meaning clear. Alternate Translation: "The people, along with Hophni and Phinehas, picked up the ark of the covenant of Yahweh and carried it into the camp. When the people carried the ark into the camp"
1Sa 5:3
Dagon had fallen facedown on the ground
The reader should understand that Yahweh had caused the statue to fall on its face during the night.
1Sa 5:10
cried out
Why they cried out can be stated clearly. Alternate Translation: "cried out in fear"
1Sa 5:12
The men who did not die
This implies that many men actually died.
1Sa 6:20
To whom will the ark go up from us?
This is a question asking for information. It is implied that the people want Yahweh and the ark to go somewhere else so he will not punish them again. Alternate Translation: "Where can we send this ark so that Yahweh will not punish us again?"
1Sa 7:6
drew water and poured it out before Yahweh
Possible meanings are 1) the people denied themselves water as part of fasting or 2) they got water out of a stream or well and poured it on the ground as an outward sign of being sorry for their sin.
1Sa 7:7
the rulers of the Philistines attacked Israel
It can be stated plainly that it was the army and not the rulers by themselves who attacked Israel. Alternate Translation: "the Philistine rulers led their army and attacked Israel"
1Sa 9:26
Samuel called to Saul on the rooftop and said
What Saul was doing on the rooftop can be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "while Saul was sleeping on the rooftop, Samuel called to him and said"
1Sa 12:3
Here I am; testify against me before Yahweh and before his anointed one
By this statement, Samuel is challenging the people to speak up if he has done anything wrong to anyone. Alternate Translation: "I stand in front of you now. I ask you to speak in front of Yahweh and his anointed king if I have done you any wrong"
1Sa 12:11
Yahweh sent ... and gave you victory
Samuel is telling the story of what God did after the people's confession of sin and plea for help.
1Sa 12:20
Do not be afraid
The people did evil and were afraid of God destroying them. Alternate Translation: "Do not be afraid that God will be angry and destroy you because of this sin"
1Sa 12:23
far be it from me that I should sin against Yahweh by ceasing to pray for you
The people are filled with fear because of the rain and thunder that Yahweh sent when Samuel prayed. Some people may believe Samuel would use his prayers to harm them.
1Sa 14:13
Jonathan climbed up on his hands and feet
He did this because it was very steep. This could be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "So Jonathan climbed up, using his hands and his feet because it was very steep"
1Sa 14:15
The earth quaked
It may be helpful to state the cause. Alternate Translation: "God caused the ground to shake"
1Sa 14:22
the men of Israel who had hidden themselves in the hills
This does not refer to an ambush. These soldiers were hiding because they were afraid of the Philistines. This can be stated explicitly. Alternate Translation: "the Israelite soldiers who were afraid and had hidden themselves in the hills"
1Sa 14:32
ate them with the blood
The were so hungry they did not drain the blood first before eating. This was a violation of the Law which was given to Moses for the nation of Israel. This can be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "ate them without draining the blood first as required by the law"
1Sa 14:33
by eating with the blood
This was a violation of the Law which was given to Moses for the nation of Israel. This can be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "by eating meat without draining the blood first as required by the law"
1Sa 14:33
Now, roll a big stone here to me
The stone would hold the animals up and make it easier to drain the blood from them.
1Sa 14:39
But none of the men among all the people answered him
The people remained silent because most of them knew that Jonathan had broken Saul's oath. This can be stated explicitly. Alternate Translation: "His men knew who was guilty, but none of them said anything to Saul"
1Sa 14:41
give the Thummim
The Israelites at that time used special stones called the Urim and the Thummim to receive direction from God. Alternate Translation: "Show us by means of the Thummim"
1Sa 15:26
rejected the word of Yahweh
rejected Yahweh's command or "rejected Yahweh's message." This means that he refused to obey Yahweh's command. Alternate Translation: "refused to obey Yahweh's command"
1Sa 15:27
Saul took hold of the hem of his robe
Saul did this to try to stop Samuel from leaving. This can be stated explicitly. Alternate Translation: "Saul tried to stop him by grabbing the edge of Samuel's robe"
1Sa 15:28
Yahweh has torn the kingdom of Israel
This refers back to when Saul tore Samuel's robe in [1 Samuel 15:27](./26.md). This can be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "Just as you tore my robe, Yahweh has torn the kingdom of Israel"
1Sa 16:4
The elders of the city were trembling as they came to meet him
It seems the elders were trembling because they were worried that Samuel came to rebuke them.
1Sa 16:13
Samuel rose up and went
It is implied that he rose up after they sat down to eat.
1Sa 17:14
The three oldest
The implied information is that these are the sons of Jesse. Alternate Translation: "The three oldest sons of Jesse"
1Sa 17:25
The king
This refers to the king of Israel. Alternate Translation: "Our king"
1Sa 17:52
The dead Philistines lay along the way to Shaaraim
It can be stated clearly that the Israelites were killing the Philistines as they chased them. Alternate Translation: "And they killed the Philistines as they chased them, and the bodies of the dead Philistines were on the ground along the way to Shaaraim"
1Sa 19:15
Bring him up to me in the bed
The reason why the men thought David was in bed can be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "If he really is too sick to come to me, bring me the bed with him in it"
1Sa 20:8
you have brought your servant into a covenant of Yahweh with you
What it was that the two men agreed on can be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "Yahweh heard you when you made a solemn agreement with me that you and I will always be good friends"
1Sa 21:7
Doeg ... herdsmen
You may need to say clearly that Doeg saw what David did. Alternate Translation: "Doeg ... herdsmen, and he saw what Ahimelech did"
1Sa 22:7
Will the son of Jesse give
The time when he will give can be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "When the son of Jesse becomes king, will he give"
1Sa 22:7
Will he make you all captains
You may need to make explicit when he will make them captains. Alternate Translation: "When he becomes king, will he make you all captains"
1Sa 22:18
Doeg the Edomite turned and attacked ... he killed ... He also put to the sword ... he put to the sword
Possible meanings are 1) Doeg killed all the priests himself or 2) the word "Doeg" is a synecdoche for Doeg and the men who went with him. Alternate Translation: "Doeg and his men turned and attacked ... they killed ... They put to the sword ... they put to the sword"
1Sa 22:19
Doeg the Edomite turned and attacked ... he killed ... He also put to the sword ... he put to the sword
Possible meanings are 1) Doeg killed all the priests himself or 2) the word "Doeg" is a synecdoche for Doeg and the men who went with him. Alternate Translation: "Doeg and his men turned and attacked ... they killed ... They put to the sword ... they put to the sword"
1Sa 25:14
But one of the young men told Abigail, Nabal's wife
You may need to make explicit what the young man did before he spoke with Abigail. Alternate Translation: "One of Nabal's servants found out what David and his men were planning to do, so he went to Nabal's wife Abigail"
1Sa 25:18
loaves
A loaf is like a cake. You may need to make explicit what the loaves consisted of. Alternate Translation: "loaves of bread"
1Sa 25:25
But I ... did not see ... whom you sent
You may need to make explicit what Abigail would have done. Alternate Translation: "But if I ... had seen ... whom you sent, I would have given them food"
1Sa 25:26
let your enemies ... be like Nabal
Abigail speaks as if Yahweh has already punished Nabal. Alternate Translation: "I hope that Yahweh will punish your enemies ... as he will punish Nabal"
1Sa 25:42
hurried and arose, and rode
You may need to make explicit what Abigail did after she arose and before she rode. Alternate Translation: "quickly did what she needed to do to prepare for the journey, and then she rode"
1Sa 26:19
let him accept an offering
You may need to make explicit the reason he will give an offering. Alternate Translation: "I will give him an offering so he will no longer cause you to be angry with me"
2Sa 2:17
The battle was very severe that day
It may be helpful to explicitly state that this was the large battle that followed the contest of the young men. Alternate Translation: "Then the others started to fight also. It was a very fierce battle that day"
2Sa 2:23
the blunt end of his spear
This refers to the handle, which is not sharp or designed to pierce anything. It can be implied that Abner was only trying to stop Asahel from following him, and did not intend to kill him.
2Sa 2:28
blew the trumpet
Trumpets were used to signal orders to the armies across great distances.
2Sa 3:15
took her from her husband
Paltiel was Michal's second husband. Saul gave her to him after David fled from Saul.
2Sa 6:2
from Baalah in Judah to bring up from there the ark of God
It is implied that they are taking the ark to Jerusalem. Alternate Translation: "from Baalah in Judah to take to Jerusalem the ark of God"
2Sa 6:2
who sits enthroned over the cherubim
You may need to make explicit that the cherubim are those on the lid of the ark of the covenant. The biblical writers often spoke of the ark of the covenant as if it were Yahweh's footstool upon which he rested his feet as he sat on his throne in heaven above. Alternate Translation: "who sits on his throne above the cherubim on the ark of the covenant"
2Sa 6:7
for his sin
It was a sin for Uzzah to touch the ark because Yahweh had commanded that no one should touch the ark.
2Sa 7:2
I am living in a house of cedar
Cedar is a kind of tree that is known for its strength. If you have an equivalent type of tree in your culture, you can use that name, otherwise you can reword this. Alternate Translation: "I am living in a strong, permanent house"
2Sa 7:2
the ark of God is staying in the middle of a tent
Tents are temporary dwellings. If you do not have tents in your culture, you can word this differently. Alternate Translation: "the ark of God is staying in a temporary place"
2Sa 8:16
Ahilud was recorder
A recorder was a person who spoke to the people and told them the king's announcements. Alternate Translation: "Ahilud was the herald"
2Sa 10:4
shaved off half their beards
This act was meant as an insult to humiliate the men.
2Sa 11:1
David sent out Joab, his servants, and all the army of Israel
David sent them out to war. This can be stated clearly. Also, the word "his" refers to David. Alternate Translation: "David sent Joab, his servants, and all the army of Israel to war"
2Sa 11:2
a woman who was bathing
The woman was not on the roof, she would have been bathing outside in the courtyard of her house. Alternate Translation: "a woman who was bathing in the courtyard of her house"
2Sa 11:20
shoot from the wall
This refers to men of the city shooting arrows down at their enemy from the top of the city wall. Alternate Translation: "shoot arrows at you from the top of the city wall"
2Sa 12:4
for his visitor
It was for his visitor to eat. Alternate Translation: "for his visitor to eat"
2Sa 12:5
As Yahweh lives
This expresses that David was swearing an oath or serious promise. Alternate Translation: "I declare, as surely as Yahweh lives"
2Sa 12:16
went inside
David went into his room when he was alone. Alternate Translation: "went inside his room"
2Sa 12:18
the seventh day
day 7. This refers to the seventh day after the baby was born. Alternate Translation: "the seventh day after he was born"
2Sa 12:23
I will go to him
David implies that he will go to where his child is when he dies. Alternate Translation: "When I die I will go to where he is"
2Sa 13:2
Amnon was so frustrated that he became sick because of his sister Tamar
Amnon was frustrated because he desired to sleep with his sister Tamar. Alternate Translation: "Amnon was so frustrated with desire for his sister Tamar that he felt sick"
2Sa 13:17
bolt the door after her
This means to lock the door so that she will not be able to come back in again. Alternate Translation: "lock the door so that she cannot come back in"
2Sa 13:18
bolted the door after her
This means to lock the door so that she will not be able to come back in again. Alternate Translation: "locked the door so that she could not go back in"
2Sa 13:28
Do not be afraid
This implies that they do not need to be afraid of the consequences for killing Amnon. This can be stated clearly. Alternate Translation: "Do not be afraid that you will be blamed for killing the king's son"
2Sa 14:7
they would also destroy the heir
If they put the guilty brother to death there would not be a son left to inherit the family's possessions. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate Translation: "if they did this, they would be destroying our family's heir"
2Sa 14:9
may the guilt be on me and on my father's family
This means that if people say that the king was wrong for helping the woman's family that the king should not be guilty. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "if anyone blames you for helping our family, may my family be considered guilty instead"
2Sa 14:9
are guiltless
are innocent. This implies that in the future if anyone accuses the king of wrongdoing, he will be innocent in the matter. Alternate Translation: "will be innocent regarding the matter"
2Sa 14:11
the avenger of blood
This refers to the man who wants to avenge the death of the dead brother. This can be stated clearly. Alternate Translation: "the man who wants to avenge my son's brother's death"
2Sa 14:13
God ... finds a way for those who were driven away to be restored
The woman is implying that David should bring his son back to himself. This can be stated clearly. Alternate Translation: "God brings back someone whom he has driven away and you should do the same for your son"
2Sa 14:14
God ... finds a way for those who were driven away to be restored
The woman is implying that David should bring his son back to himself. This can be stated clearly. Alternate Translation: "God brings back someone whom he has driven away and you should do the same for your son"
2Sa 14:21
So the king said to Joab
It is implied that the king had Joab brought before him so that he could speak to him. The full meaning of this can be made clear. Alternate Translation: "Then the king summoned Joab and said to him"
2Sa 14:21
this thing
This refers to what Joab wants the king to do. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate Translation: "what you want me to do"
2Sa 14:29
to send him to the king
It is implied that Absalom wanted Joab to come to him to see him and to intercede for him so that he would be allowed to see the king. The full meaning of this can be made clear. Alternate Translation: "to come to him and to intercede for him so that he could see the king"
2Sa 14:32
to the king to say
The message here for the king is written as if Absalom were the speaker. Absalom was asking Joab to speak the message on his behalf. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate Translation: "to say to the king on my behalf" or "to ask the king for me"
2Sa 14:33
the king kissed Absalom
This implies that the king forgave and restored Absalom. The full meaning of this can be made clear.
2Sa 15:3
So Absalom would say to him
It is implied that the person told his case to Absalom. This can be stated clearly. Alternate Translation: "Absalom would ask him what his problem was, and the man would then explain to Absalom why he sought justice. Absalom would then say to him"
2Sa 15:6
for judgment
This means that they can for the king to decide their disputes. Alternate Translation: "to judge over their disputes"
2Sa 15:7
at the end of four years that Absalom
This refers to four years after he returned to Jerusalem. Alternate Translation: "fours years after Absalom had returned to Jerusalem, he"
2Sa 15:17
at the last house
This refers to the last house they would come to when leaving the city. Alternate Translation: "at the last house as they were leaving the city"
2Sa 15:20
May loyalty and faithfulness go with you
This is a blessing that David is giving to him. Alternate Translation: "May Yahweh be faithful and loyal to you always"
2Sa 15:28
to inform me
Here the king implies he is to receive a message informing him about what is happening in Jerusalem. Alternate Translation: "to tell me what is happening in Jerusalem"
2Sa 15:31
please turn Ahithophel's advice into foolishness
David is asking Yahweh to make Ahitohphel's advice foolish and useless. Alternate Translation: "please let whatever advice Ahithophel gives be foolishness and unsuccessful"
2Sa 15:32
at the top of the road
The word "top" is used here because David went up in elevation and is at the top of a hill. Alternate Translation: "at the top of the hill"
2Sa 15:34
you will confuse Ahithophel's advice for me
David is suggest to Hushai that he oppose whatever Ahithopel advises. Alternate Translation: "you can serve me by by opposing Ahithophel's advice"
2Sa 16:8
Yahweh has repaid
Yahweh repays them by punishing them. This can be stated clearly. Alternate Translation: "Yahweh has punished"
2Sa 16:8
in whose place you have reigned
David reigned as king over the same people whom Saul had previously reigned. Alternate Translation: "in whose place you have reigned as king"
2Sa 16:11
my son, who was born from my body
David describes his son this way to emphasize the close bond between a father and his son. Alternate Translation: "my own son" or "my dear son"
2Sa 17:2
I will attack only the king
It is implied that he intends to kill the king. This can be stated clearly. Alternate Translation: "I will kill only the king"
2Sa 17:3
bring back all the people
This refers to all of the people who were with David. Alternate Translation: "bring back all of the people who were with him"
2Sa 17:8
is a man of war
This means that his has fought in many battles and knows well the ways of war. Alternate Translation: "has fought in many battles"
2Sa 17:13
will bring ropes to that city and we will drag it into the river
This means that the soldiers would tear down the city walls and drag the pieces to river. Alternate Translation: "will destroy the city and drag the stones to the river with ropes"
2Sa 17:18
So Jonathan and Ahimaaz went away
It is implied that they found out that the young man had told Absalom about them being there. This can be stated clearly. Alternate Translation: "Jonathan and Ahimaaz found out what the young man had done, so they went away"
2Sa 18:2
I will certainly go out with you myself, too
This means that he will go out with them to battle. This can be stated clearly. Alternate Translation: "I myself will go with you to battle" or "I personally will go with you into battle"
2Sa 18:3
you are worth ten thousand of us
This means that the enemy army considering killing David of greater worth than killing 10,000 of the other men. The number 10,000 here is an exaggeration used to emphasize a very great number of people. Alternate Translation: "they would rather kill you than to kill 10,000 of us" or "killing you is worth more to them than killing a great number of us"
2Sa 18:3
that you be ready to help us from the city
David could help them from the city by advising them and sending men to help them. This can be stated clearly. Alternate Translation: "that you stay here in the city and send help to us"
2Sa 18:6
went out into the countryside against Israel
This means that they went out and fought against them in battle. Alternate Translation: "went out into the countryside and fought against Israel"
2Sa 18:9
Absalom happened to meet some of David's soldiers
This is an event that happened during the battle. This can be stated clearly. Alternate Translation: "During the battle, Absalom happened to meet some of David's soldiers"
2Sa 18:14
I will not wait for you
Joab meant that he should not continue talking to the man. Alternate Translation: "I will not waste anymore time talking to you"
2Sa 18:16
Then Joab blew the trumpet, and the army returned from pursuing Israel, for Joab held back the army
This describes what Joab commanded by blowing the trumpet. Alternate Translation: "Then Joab blew the trumpet to call back the army, and the army returned from pursuing Israel"
2Sa 18:17
they buried his body under a very large pile of stones
After putting his body in the pit they covered it with a pile of stones. This can be stated more clearly. Alternate Translation: "they covered his body with a huge pile of stones"
2Sa 18:20
you will bear no news
This refers to not bearing the news to the king. Alternate Translation: "you will not tell the news to the king"
2Sa 19:2
So the victory that day was turned into mourning for all the army
This means that the whole army mourned instead of celebrating. AT "So instead of celebrating victory that day, the whole army mourned"
2Sa 19:7
I swear by Yahweh
Joab is making a very strong oath. Alternate Translation: "I swear, as surely as Yahweh is alive"
2Sa 19:9
out of the land because of Absalom
This means that he had left the country fleeing from Absalom. This can be stated clearly. Alternate Translation: "out of the country fleeing from Absalom"
2Sa 19:17
in the presence of the king
This means that the king was there and was aware of what was happening. Alternate Translation: "at the place where the king was"
2Sa 19:21
Yahweh's anointed
This refers to David. It means that he is the man that Yahweh had anointed as king. Alternate Translation: "the man that Yahweh has anointed as king"
2Sa 19:25
Why did you not go with me, Mephibosheth?
David is asking Mephibosheth why he did not go with David when David and all the people who followed him left Jerusalem. Alternate Translation: "Why did you not go with me when I left Jerusalem, Mephibosheth?"
2Sa 19:37
by the grave of my father and my mother
This does not mean that he wants to die right next to their graves, but rather, that he wants to die in the city where they are buried. This can be stated clearly. Alternate Translation: "where my father's and my mother's graves are" or "where my father and my mother are buried"
2Sa 19:38
Kimham will go over with me
This refers to crossing the Jordan River. This can be stated clearly. Alternate Translation: "Kimham will cross the river with me"
2Sa 19:43
we have even more right to David than you
we have a greater claim to David than you do. It may be helpful to state clearly what having "more right" means. Alternate Translation: "we have more right to serve the king and to be with the king than you do"
2Sa 20:6
he will find fortified cities
This means that Sheba and his men will enter these cities to hide from David's army. The word "he" represents Sheba but refers to both him and his men. Alternate Translation: "he and his men will hide in fortified cities" or "he and his men will take refuge in fortified cities"
2Sa 20:8
the sword fell out
Joab let the sword fall out to fool Amasa into thinking that he Joab was unarmed, so that Amasa would allow him to walk closer to him. Alternate Translation: "he allowed the sword to fall on the ground so Amasa would think he was unarmed"
2Sa 20:12
Amasa lay wallowing in his blood
Amasa lay squirming in his blood. Amasa may have still been alive and rolling in his blood, but he was probably dead by this time. It is described this way to show how gruesome his body looked. Alternate Translation: "Amasa lay dead in his blood"
2Sa 20:12
all the people stood still ... came by him stood still
This means they stopped walking and were staring at Amasa's dead body. Alternate Translation: "all the people stood still staring at the dead body ... came by him stood still, staring at his dead body"
2Sa 20:15
battered the wall to knock it down
This means that they used a battering ram to knock down the wall. A battering ram was a cut tree or large log with a sharpened end or an end covered in metal. It was held by several men who would pound the end against a wall. Alternate Translation: "used a battering ram to knock down the wall"
2Sa 20:22
Then the woman went to all the people in her wisdom
This means that the woman acted wisely and spoke to her people about what they should do. Alternate Translation: "Then the wise woman spoke to all the people"
2Sa 23:10
The army returned after Eleazar
This means that the army returned after Eleazar returned from battle. Alternate Translation: "The Israeli army returned to the battle field after Eleazer had already won the battle"
2Sa 24:1
Go, count Israel and Judah
In the law of Moses, God prohibited the kings of Israel from taking a census of fighting men. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit.
1Ki 1:52
not a hair of his will fall to the earth
This is an exaggeration to say that Solomon will keep Adonijah safe. Alternate Translation: "not a hair of his head will fall" or "I will keep him safe"
1Ki 3:19
lay on him
It may be helpful to state that this caused the baby to die. Alternate Translation: "accidentally rolled on top of her baby and smothered him"
1Ki 7:13
brought him from Tyre
Huram accepted Solomon's invitation to come to Jerusalem.
1Ki 7:14
the son of a widow ... his father was a man of Tyre
A widow is a woman whose husband has died, so we know that the father is dead.
1Ki 7:30
four bronze wheels and axles
There was one axle for each pair of wheels. Alternate Translation: "four bronze wheels and two axles"
1Ki 11:3
turned his heart away
To "turn someone's heart" is to convince that person to change his affection. See how you translated a similar phrase in [1 Kings 11:01](./01.md). Alternate Translation: "turned his heart away from Yahweh" or "persuaded him to stop worshiping Yahweh"
1Ki 12:20
king over all Israel
Israel implicitly means the northern ten tribes that rebelled against Rehoboam. Alternate Translation: "king over all of the 10 tribes of Israel"
1Ki 12:31
houses on high places
The implied information is that these were houses of worship. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "houses of worship on high places"
1Ki 13:1
A man of God came out of Judah by the word of Yahweh to Bethel
The implied information is that Yahweh sent the man of God to Bethel. This can be stated in active form. Alternate Translation: "Yahweh sent a man of God from Judah to Bethel"
1Ki 13:12
his sons had seen the way
The implied information is that the sons also told their father which way the man of God went.
1Ki 13:20
As they sat at the table
The implied information is that they were still eating and drinking at the table. Alternate Translation: "As they were eating and drinking at the table"
1Ki 13:32
houses on the high places
The implied information is that these were houses of worship. Alternate Translation: "houses of worship on the high places"
1Ki 14:25
in the fifth year of King Rehoboam
This refers to the fifth year of Rehoboam's reign as king. Alternate Translation: "in the fifth year that Rehoboam was king"
1Ki 15:1
In the eighteenth year of King Jeroboam son of Nebat
This refers to the eighteenth year of Jeroboam's reign. Alternate Translation: "After Jeroboam had been the king of Israel for almost eighteen years"
1Ki 15:3
that his father had committed before his time
Since these verses refer to several kings, it may help to include the name of Abijah's father. This information can be made clear. AT "that his father, Rehoboam, had committed before Abijah's time"
1Ki 15:3
his time
This phrase represents the time that he was king. The meaning of this can be made clear. Alternate Translation: "before Abijah was king"
1Ki 15:5
except only in the matter of Uriah the Hittite
This is a general way to refer to the situation with Uriah. It can be stated more clearly what this matter was. Alternate Translation: "except for what he did to Uriah the Hittite" or "except when he caused Uriah the Hittite to be killed"
1Ki 15:9
In the twentieth year of Jeroboam king of Israel
This refers to the twentieth year of Jeroboam's reign. Alternate Translation: "After Jeroboam had been the king of Israel for almost twenty years"
1Ki 15:16
all their days
This refers to the entire time they reigned as kings. Alternate Translation: "the whole time that they reigned over Judah and Israel"
1Ki 15:17
built up Ramah
It is implied that the army of Baasha first captured Ramah. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate Translation: "captured and fortified Ramah"
1Ki 15:19
Break your covenant with Baasha king of Israel
Asa wanted Ben Hadad to attack Israel. Ben Hadad could only do that if he broke his covenant with the king of Israel. The meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "Break your covenant with Baasha king of Israel, and attack Israel"
1Ki 15:25
the second year of Asa king of Judah
This refers to the second year of Asa's reign. The meaning of this can be made clear. Alternate Translation: "when Asa had been king of Judah for almost two years"
1Ki 15:32
all their days
This refers to the whole period of time that they reign as kings. See how you translated this in [1 Kings 15:16](./16.md) Alternate Translation: "the whole time that they reigned over Judah and Israel"
1Ki 16:13
they provoked Yahweh, the God of Israel, to anger with their idols
God became angry with the people because they worshiped idols. The meaning of this can be made clear. Alternate Translation: "they made Yahweh, the God of Israel, angry because they worshiped idols"
1Ki 16:20
the treason that he carried out
This treason refers to Zimri's plot to kill Elah, the king of Israel. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate Translation: "how he plotted against King Elah" or "how he killed the king of Israel"
1Ki 16:26
to provoke Yahweh ... to be angry with their worthless idols
God became angry with the people because they worshiped idols. See how you translated a similar phrase in [1 Kings 16:13](./11.md). Alternate Translation: "to make Yahweh, the God of Israel, angry because they worshiped worthless idols"
1Ki 16:31
It was to Ahab a trivial thing to walk in the sins of Jeroboam son of Nebat
This implies that Ahab wanted to commit worse sins. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "It was as if Ahab thought that walking in the sins of Jeroboam son of Nebat was not enough"
1Ki 17:12
that we may eat it, and die
It is implied that they will die because they do not have anymore food. Alternate Translation: "that we may eat. Afterwards, we will starve to death"
1Ki 17:13
afterward make some for you and for your son
It is implicit that there would be enough flour and oil to make more bread.
1Ki 19:21
he gave it to the people
Elisha gave the cooked meat to the people of his city.
1Ki 21:3
May Yahweh forbid that I should give
This phrase is an oath that emphasizes that what follows will not happen. Alternate Translation: "Because Yahweh forbids it, I will never give"
1Ki 21:26
removed before the people of Israel
Here "Israel" refers to all twelve tribes of Israel and not just to the northern kingdom. Alternate Translation: "removed from the presence of the people of Israel" or "drove out of the land before the people of Israel"
1Ki 22:13
let your word be like one of them
Here the word "them" refers to "the words of the prophets." Alternate Translation: "let what you say agree with what they have said"
1Ki 22:25
you will see
you will know the answer to your question. If Zedekiah's rhetorical question is translated as a statement, this phrase may be translated to supply implicit information. Alternate Translation: "you will know that the Spirit of Yahweh has spoken to me"
2Ki 1:2
the lattice in his upper chamber
The upper room was built on the roof of the palace. The lattice was made of thin boards decoratively crossed over one another to form a balcony or window covering. Alternate Translation: "the wooden boards around the flat roof of his palace"
2Ki 1:4
Therefore Yahweh says
This is Yahweh's message to King Ahaziah. Alternate Translation: "Therefore Yahweh says to King Ahaziah"
2Ki 1:4
You will not come down from the bed to where you have gone up
When King Ahaziah was injured, he was placed in a bed. Yahweh said that he will never become well and be able to get out of the bed. Alternate Translation: "You will not recover and you will not get up from the bed on which you are lying"
2Ki 1:5
When the messengers returned to Ahaziah
After meeting with Elijah, the messengers returned to the king instead of going to Ekron.
2Ki 1:6
you will not come down from the bed to which you have gone up
When King Ahaziah was injured, he was placed in a bed. Yahweh said that he will never become well and be able to get out of the bed. See how you translated this statement in [2 Kings 3:4](./03.md). Alternate Translation: "you will not recover and you will not get up from the bed on which you are lying"
2Ki 1:8
He wore a garment made of hair
Possible meanings are 1) this is a metaphor that speaks of him being very hairy as if his hair were a garment. Alternate Translation: "He was very hairy" or 2) "His clothes were made from animal hair"
2Ki 1:9
Then the king sent a captain with fifty soldiers to Elijah
The king sent the leader of the army with fifty men to bring Elijah back to him. Alternate Translation: "Then the king sent a captain with fifty soldiers to seize Elijah"
2Ki 1:13
these fifty servants of yours
The captain says that his servants are Elijah's servants to show him honor. AT "my fifty soldiers"
2Ki 1:16
you will not come down from the bed where you have gone up
When King Ahaziah was injured, he was placed in a bed. Yahweh said that he will never become well and be able to get out of the bed. See how you translated this statement in [2 Kings 3:4](./03.md). Alternate Translation: "you will not recover and you will not get up from the bed where you are lying"
2Ki 1:17
in the second year of Jehoram son of Jehoshaphat king of Judah
This describes the time that Joram began to reign over Israel by stating how long Jehoram had been reigning over Jerusalem. Alternate Translation: "in the second year that Jehoram son of Jehoshaphat was king of Judah"
2Ki 2:9
crossed over
This refers to crossing the Jordan River. Alternate Translation: "crossed over the Jordan River"
2Ki 2:14
Where is Yahweh, the God of Elijah?
Elisha is asking if Yahweh is with him as he was with Elijah. Alternate Translation: "Yahweh, the God of Elijah, are you here with me?"
2Ki 2:16
See now, among your servants there are fifty strong men. Let them go
These men are referring to themselves when they say "fifty strong men." Alternate Translation: "See now, we are fifty strong men and we are now your servants. Let us go"
2Ki 2:17
But when they urged Elisha until he was ashamed
The sons of the prophets kept asking Elisha until he felt bad about saying "no." Alternate Translation: "They kept asking Elisha until he felt bad for denying their request, so"
2Ki 2:19
the situation of this city is pleasant
This means that the city is located in a good place. Alternate Translation: "this city is in a good place" or "this city is in a good location"
2Ki 3:1
in the eighteenth year of Jehoshaphat king of Judah
This describes the time that Joram began to reign by stating how long the current king of Judah had reigned. The meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate Translation: "in the eighteenth year that Jehoshaphat was king of Judah"
2Ki 3:4
He had to give to the king of Israel 100,000 lambs and the wool of 100,000 rams
Mesha had to give these things to the king of Israel because his kingdom was controlled by the king of Israel. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "Every year he was forced to give 100,000 lambs and the wool from 100,000 rams to the king of Israel, because his kingdom was controlled by the king of Israel"
2Ki 3:7
I am as you are, my people as your people, my horses as your horses
Jehoshaphat is letting Joram use himself, his people, and his horses for his purposes. He speaks of this as if they belonged to Joram. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate Translation: "We are ready to do whatever you want us to. My soldiers and my horses are ready to help you"
2Ki 3:12
The word of Yahweh is with him
This means that he is a prophet and that Yahweh tells him what to say. Alternate Translation: "He speaks what Yahweh tells him to say"
2Ki 3:12
went down to him
They went to see Elijah and to consult with him about what they should do. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate Translation: "went to see Elisha to ask him what they should do"
2Ki 3:17
you will drink
This refers to drinking the water that Yahweh provides. Alternate Translation: "you will drink the water"
2Ki 3:19
ruin every good piece of land with rocks
This means to put rocks on the fertile land so that it is difficult to use. The meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate Translation: "ruin every good piece of land by covering them with rocks"
2Ki 3:25
was left with its rocks in place
The walls and buildings of the city were made of stones. The meaning of this can be made clear. Alternate Translation: "still had its stone walls and buildings in place"
2Ki 3:27
offered him as a burnt offering
King Mesha burned his son with fire until he died. He did this as an offering to Chemosh, the false god of Moab. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit.
2Ki 4:4
you must go inside
This means to go inside their house. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "you must go inside your house"
2Ki 4:7
the man of God
This refers to Elisha. Alternate Translation: "Elisha, the man of God"
2Ki 4:8
she urged him to eat food with her
This means that she asked him to stop and have a meal at her house. Alternate Translation: "she asked him to come to her house to have a meal"
2Ki 4:13
Can we speak for you
Here Elisha is asking if she would like for him to speak to the king or army commander to make a request for her. The implicit meaning of this question can be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "Can we make a request for you"
2Ki 4:13
I live among my own people
The woman is implying that she does not need anything because her family cares for her needs. Alternate Translation: "I live surrounded by my family, and because they take care of me, I have no needs"
2Ki 4:19
My head, my head.
The child said this because his head hurt. The meaning of this can be made clear. Alternate Translation: "My head hurts! My head hurts!"
2Ki 4:21
on the bed of the man of God
This was the bed in the room she had prepared for Elisha when he traveled through Shunem.
2Ki 4:22
that I may hurry to the man of God and then come back
The woman told her husband she was going to see Elisha but she did not say that she was going because their son had died. This implicit information may be stated clearly. Alternate Translation: "that I may hurry to the man of God and then come back.' But she did not tell her husband that their son had died"
2Ki 4:23
It will be all right
The woman states this, knowing this will be the case if her husband does as she requests. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "Everything will be all right if you do as I ask"
2Ki 4:27
she caught hold of his feet
This implies that she knelt or laid on the ground in front of him and grabbed his feet. Alternate Translation: "she dropped down on the ground in front of him and put her hands around his feet"
2Ki 4:31
but the child did not speak or hear
This means that the child was not alive. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "but the child did not show any signs of being alive"
2Ki 4:39
but did not know what kind they were
Since they did not know what kind of gourds they were they did not know whether or not they were safe to eat. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate Translation: "but did not know if they were good or bad to eat"
2Ki 5:5
I will send a letter
The king is going to give the letter to Naaman to take with him to the king of Israel. Alternate Translation: "I will send a letter with you"
2Ki 5:5
took with him ten ... clothes
This were gifts from the king of Aram for the king of Israel. Alternate Translation: "took with him ten ... clothes, which were gifts for the king of Israel"
2Ki 5:7
It seems he is seeking to start an argument with me
The king of Israel did not believe the request to heal Naamam was the real reason for the letter. He thought the real reason was to start a fight. Alternate Translation: "It seems he is looking for an excuse to start a fight with me"
2Ki 5:16
I will receive nothing
This means that he will not accept any gifts. Alternate Translation: "I will not take any gifts"
2Ki 5:17
two mule loads of earth
Naaman is asking to take soil from Israel and place it in sacks for two mules to carry home with him. He then plans to build an altar on the soil. Alternate Translation: "as much soil from Israel as two mules can carry, so that I can build an altar to Yahweh"
2Ki 5:22
Please give them a talent of silver and two changes of clothes
Gehazi is asking Naaman to give these things to him so that he can take them and give them to the prophets. Alternate Translation: "Please give me a talent of sliver and two changes of clothes to give to them"
2Ki 5:23
Naaman urged Gehazi
Naaman urged him to take gifts. Alternate Translation: "Naaman urged Gehazi to take the gifts"
2Ki 6:2
let us go to the Jordan
This refers to the area by the Jordan River. Alternate Translation: "let us go beside the Jordan River"
2Ki 6:10
More than once or twice, when the king went there, he was on his guard
Elisha would warn the king of where the Aramean army would attack so that he could alert the people before the attack happened. Alternate Translation: "Elisha warned the king of Israel in this way several times and the Israelites were able to stay safe"
2Ki 6:12
No
The servant is saying that none of the king's soldiers are giving information to the king of Israel. Alternate Translation: "It is none of us"
2Ki 6:15
His servant said to him
The servant went back inside the house to tell Elisha what he had seen. Alternate Translation: "The servant went back inside and said to Elisha"
2Ki 6:19
This is not the way, neither is this the city
Elisha confuses the Arameans by telling them that they are not at the city they are searching for. Alternate Translation: "This is not the way, neither is this the city you are looking for"
2Ki 6:23
did not return for a long time into the land of Israel
This means that they did not attack Israel for a long time. Alternate Translation: "stopped attacking the land of Israel for a long time"
2Ki 6:31
if the head of Elisha son of Shaphat remains on him today
This refers to Elisha dying, specifically be being beheaded. Alternate Translation: "if Elisha son of Shaphat is not beheaded today" or "if my soldiers do not behead Elisha son of Shaphat today"
2Ki 6:32
when the messenger came to Elisha, he said to the elders
Here Elisha is speaking to the elders right before the king's messenger arrived. Alternate Translation: "when the messenger had almost arrived, Elisha said to the elders"
2Ki 6:33
the messenger came down to him
The messenger arrived, and so did the king, as Elisha had said he would. The phrase "came down to him" means that they arrived at the place where he was. Alternate Translation: "the messenger and the king arrived"
2Ki 6:33
Why should I wait for Yahweh any longer?
This king use this rhetorical question to emphasize that he does not believe that Yahweh is going to help them. This can be written as a statement. Alternate Translation: "Why should I continue to wait for Yahweh to help us?" or "I will not wait any longer for help from Yahweh!"
2Ki 7:1
a measure of fine flour will be sold for a shekel, and two measures of barley for a shekel
It is implied that the Israelites will be paying less money for these item than they had been. This can be stated in active form. Alternate Translation: "people will sell a measure of fine flour for a shekel and two measures of barley for a shekel"
2Ki 7:10
as they were
The implicit information may be stated clearly. Alternate Translation: "as they were when the soldiers were still there"
2Ki 7:13
the horses that remain, which are left in the city
Many of the horses belonging to the Israelites had died because of the famine. The meaning of this can be made clear. Alternate Translation: "the horses in the city that are still alive"
2Ki 7:13
see
The implicit information about what he wanted to see may be expressed clearly. Alternate Translation: "see if what these lepers have said is true"
2Ki 7:14
Go and see
The implicit information about what the king wanted them to see may be stated clearly. Alternate Translation: "Go and see if what these lepers have said is true"
2Ki 8:3
for her house and for her land
While the woman was gone, her home and property were sieged. She is begging for them to be returned to her. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate Translation: "for her home and her property to be returned to her"
2Ki 8:5
for her house and land
While the woman was gone, her home and property were sieged. She is begging for them to be returned to her. The meaning of this can be made clear. Alternate Translation: "for her home and her property to be returned to her"
2Ki 8:6
about her son
This refers to the story of her son dying and Elisha bringing him back to life. The meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "about what had happened to her son"
2Ki 8:12
rip open their pregnant women
Specifically this refers to tear open their stomachs. Alternate Translation: "rip open the stomachs of their pregnant women with swords"
2Ki 8:15
face so that he died
This means that Ben Hadad suffocated under the wet blanket. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate Translation: "face. Ben Hadad was unable to breathe through it, and so he died"
2Ki 8:16
In the fifth year of Joram son of Ahab, king of Israel
This describes the time that Jehoram began to reign over Judah by stating how long Joram, the current king of Israel, had been reigning. Alternate Translation: "In the fifth year that Jorman son of Ahab was king of Israel" or "In year five of the reign of Joram son of Ahab, king of Israel"
2Ki 8:19
since he had told him that he would always give him descendants
since Yahweh had told David that he would always give David descendants. This refers to Yahweh's promise to David that his descendants would always rule Judah. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "since he had told David that his descendants would always rule Judah"
2Ki 8:21
Then Jehoram crossed over
What was "crossed over" can be stated clearly. Alternate Translation: "Then Jehoram crossed the enemy lines"
2Ki 8:22
Libnah also revolted at the same time
Libnah rebelled against the king of Judah just as Edom had. Alternate Translation: "During that same time, Libnah also rebelled against the king of Judah"
2Ki 8:25
In the twelfth year of Joram son of Ahab, king of Israel
This describes the time that Ahaziah began to reign as king of Judah by stating how long Joram, the current king of Israel, had reigned. Alternate Translation: "in the twelfth year that Joram son of Ahab was king of Israel"
2Ki 8:27
a son-in-law to the house of Ahab
This explains Ahaziah's family relationship to Ahab. Ahaziah's father was married to Ahab's daughter. The meaning of this can be made clear. Alternate Translation: "the son of Ahab's son-in-law" or "a grandson of King Ahab"
2Ki 9:5
the captains of the army were sitting
Jehu was sitting among the captains. You may introduce Jehu to the story line here if this is necessary in your language. Alternate Translation: "Jehu and some other army officers were sitting together"
2Ki 9:9
I will make the house of Ahab like
This means that God will destroy Ahab and his family just as he destroyed Jeroboam and Baasha and their families. Alternate Translation: "I will get rid of the house of Ahab like I got rid of"
2Ki 9:10
The dogs will eat Jezebel
This means that the dogs will eat her dead body. Alternate Translation: "Dogs will eat the dead body of Jezebel"
2Ki 9:13
took off his outer garment and put it under Jehu
In this culture, putting clothing on the ground was a way of honoring the king, so that his feet would not touch the dirty ground. Alternate Translation: "took off their outer clothes and put them in front of Jehu for him to walk on"
2Ki 9:15
the wounds that the Arameans had given him
This means that he was wounded in battle with the Arameans. Alternate Translation: "wounds that Joram got during the battle with the Aramean army"
2Ki 9:15
If this is your opinion
If you are in agreement with me Jehu uses this phrase to refer to if people are supportive of him being king and of his decisions. Alternate Translation: "If you truly want me to be your king"
2Ki 9:15
in order to go tell this news in Jezreel
This refers to telling Joram and his army of Jehu's plans. Alternate Translation: "to warn king Joram and his army in Jezreel"
2Ki 9:24
he sank down in his chariot
Joram died from being shot with arrow. Alternate Translation: "Joram fell down dead in his chariot"
2Ki 9:25
after Ahab his father
This means that they rode in the chariot behind Ahab's chariot. Alternate Translation: "behind his father Ahab's chariot"
2Ki 9:26
I will surely make you pay for it
This means that he will punish Ahab as he deserves for the evil he has done. Alternate Translation: "I will give you what you deserve for the evil you have done"
2Ki 9:29
in the eleventh year of Joram son of Ahab
This describes the time that Ahaziah began to reign by stating how long the current king of Israel had reigned. Alternate Translation: "in the eleventh year that Joram son of Ahab was king of Israel"
2Ki 9:33
Jehu trampled her underfoot
This means that he drove his horses over her body. Alternate Translation: "Jehu's horses that were pulling his chariot trampled her body under their feet"
2Ki 9:34
for she is a king's daughter
Since Jezebel was the daughter of a king, it was necessary to bury her properly. Alternate Translation: "because she is a king's daughter and therefore should be buried properly"
2Ki 10:5
they who raised the children
This refers to the people who raised the king's children. Alternate Translation: "they who raised the king's children"
2Ki 10:6
you must take the heads ... and come to me
It is implied that they are to bring the heads of the Ahab's descendant and present them to Jehu. Alternate Translation: "you must take the heads ... and bring them to me"
2Ki 10:9
You are innocent
It can be stated clearly what they were innocent of. Possible meanings are 1) Alternate Translation: "You are innocent of what happened to Joram" or 2) this means that they are not held responsible for the deaths of Joram's family. Alternate Translation: "You are innocent of what happened to Joram and his family" or "You are innocent of this matter"
2Ki 10:19
Whoever does not come will not live
This means that if they do not come they will be executed. Alternate Translation: "We will execute anyone who does not come"
2Ki 10:21
Then Jehu sent
This means that he sent messengers to take this message throughout the land. Alternate Translation: "Then Jehu sent messengers" or "Then Jehu sent the message"
2Ki 10:25
he said to the guard and to the captains
You may need to state that Jehu came out of the temple before he spoke to the guard. Alternate Translation: "he went back outside of the temple of Baal and said to the guards and captains"
2Ki 10:25
threw them out
This means that threw the dead bodies of the people out of the temple. Alternate Translation: "threw their dead bodies out of the temple"
2Ki 11:1
she arose and killed all the royal children
Athaliah did not personally kill the children. Alternate Translation: "she commanded her servants to kill all the members of Ahaziah's family who might become king"
2Ki 11:7
for the king
They were to keep watch for the purpose of protecting the king from harm. Alternate Translation: "in order to protect King Joash"
2Ki 11:15
Anyone who follows her
It is implied that a person who followed her would be trying to help her. Alternate Translation: "Anyone who follows to try to rescue her"
2Ki 12:3
The people still sacrificed and burned incense on the high places
Yawheh forbid the people to worship at these place. This can be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "The people continued to go to places that were unacceptable to Yahweh, to make sacrifices and burn incense"
2Ki 12:16
the money for the guilt offerings and the money for the sin offerings was not brought into the temple of Yahweh
It is implied that this money was not used for the repairs. This can be stated in active form. Alternate Translation: "they did not use the money from the guilt offerings and the sin offerings to pay for the repairs to the temple of Yahweh"
2Ki 13:14
the chariots of Israel and the horsemen are taking you away
This is a reference to Elijah going to heaven in [2 Kings 2:11-12](../02/11.md). Joash uses this phrase to say that Elisha was going to die. Alternate Translation: "the chariots of Israel and the horsemen are taking you to heaven"
2Ki 13:14
the horsemen
This refers to the men who drove the chariots. This can be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "the drivers of the chariots"
2Ki 13:17
so he opened it
Since this happens after Joash takes the bow and arrows, he may have had a servant open the window. Alternate Translation: "So a servant opened it"
2Ki 13:17
This is Yahweh's arrow of victory, the arrow of victory over Aram
The relationship between the arrow and victory can be stated explicitly. Alternate Translation: "This arrow is a sign from Yahweh that he will give you victory over Aram" or "This arrow symbolizes the victory Yahweh will give you over Aram"
2Ki 13:21
they saw a group of Moabites
It can be made explicit that they were afraid of the Moabites. Alternate Translation: "they saw a group of Moabite raiders coming toward them and they were afraid"
2Ki 13:21
As soon as the man touched Elisha's bones
Here "the man" refers to his dead body. This can be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "As soon as the dead man's body touched the bones of Elisha"
2Ki 13:23
So Yahweh did not destroy them
Yahweh's covenant is the reason he did not destroy Israel. This can be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "This is the reason that Yahweh did not destroy them" or "Because of his covenant, Yahweh did not destroy them"
2Ki 14:3
He did everything that Joash, his father, had done
Joash obeyed Yahweh and did good things. This can be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "He did the same good things that his father Joash had done"
2Ki 14:4
sacrificed and burned incense at the high places
The high places were used for pagan worship. This can be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "sacrificed and burned incense to pagan gods at the high places"(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2Ki 14:5
he killed the servants
Amaziah probably ordered other people to kill the officials. Alternate Translation: "he made his servants execute the officials"
2Ki 14:14
with hostages also, and returned to Samaria
This implies that Jehoash needed to take these hostages to prevent Amaziah from attacking again. This can be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "and they also took to Samaria some prisoners to make sure that Amaziah would cause them no more trouble"
2Ki 15:1
In the twenty-seventh year of Jeroboam
It can be stated clearly that this is the twenty-seventh year of his reign. Alternate Translation: "In year 27 of the reign of Jeroboam"
2Ki 15:8
In the thirty-eighth year of Azariah king of Judah
It can be stated clearly that this is the thirty-eighth year of his reign. Alternate Translation: "In year 38 of the reign of Azariah king of Judah"
2Ki 15:12
This was the word of Yahweh
It can be stated clearly that the events described in verse 10 fulfilled the word of Yahweh. Alternate Translation: "What happened to Zechariah was according to the word of Yahweh" or "What happened to Zechariah fulfilled the word of Yahweh"
2Ki 15:13
in the thirty-ninth year of Azariah king of Judah
It can be stated clearly that this is the thirty-ninth year of his reign. Alternate Translation: "in year 39 of the reign of Azariah king of Judah"
2Ki 15:13
he reigned only one month in Samaria
Samaria is the city that he lived in when was king of Israel. Alternate Translation: "Shallum lived in Samaria and reigned over Israel for only one month"
2Ki 15:15
the conspiracy that he formed
The abstract noun "conspiracy" can be translated with the verb "plan." It can be stated clearly what this conspiracy was. Alternate Translation: "how he planned to murder King Zechariah" or "and how he murdered King Zechariah"
2Ki 15:17
In the thirty-ninth year of Azariah king of Judah
It can be stated clearly that this is the thirty-ninth year of his reign. Alternate Translation: "In year 39 of the reign of Azariah king of Judah"
2Ki 15:23
In the fiftieth year of Azariah king of Judah
It can be stated clearly that this is the fiftieth year of his reign. Alternate Translation: "In year 50 of the reign of Azariah king of Judah"
2Ki 15:27
In the fifty-second year of Azariah king of Judah
It can be stated clearly that this is the fifty-second year of his reign. Alternate Translation: "In year 52 of the reign of Azariah king of Judah"
2Ki 15:29
In the days of Pekah king of Israel
It can be stated clearly that this refers to the time of Pekah's reign. Alternate Translation: "In the days of the reign of Pekah king of Israel" or "During the time that Pekah was king of Israel"
2Ki 15:29
the people
It can be stated clearly which people these are. Alternate Translation: "the people of those places" or "the people of Israel"
2Ki 15:30
in the twentieth year of Jotham son of Uzziah
It can be stated clearly that this is the twentieth year of his reign. Alternate Translation: "In year 20 of the reign of Jotham son of Uzziah"
2Ki 15:32
In the second year of Pekah son of Remaliah, king of Israel
It can be stated clearly that this is the second year of his reign. Alternate Translation: "In year 2 of the reign of Pekah son of Remaliah, king of Israel"
2Ki 15:37
In those days
This refers to a time period. What time period this refers to can be stated clearly. Alternate Translation: "During that time" or "While Jotham was king of Judah"
2Ki 16:1
In the seventeenth year of Pekah son of Remaliah
It can be stated clearly that this is the seventeenth year of his reign. Alternate Translation: "In year 17 of the reign of Pekah son of Remaliah"
2Ki 16:3
before the people of Israel
The people of those nations fled as the people of Israel moved into the land. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "before the people of Israel who moved into the land" or "as the people of Israel moved into the land"
2Ki 16:18
because of the king of Assyria
Why they did this can be stated explicitly. Alternate Translation: "to please the king of Assyria"
2Ki 18:14
Withdraw from me
This expression assumes that "me" represents the kingdom of Hezekiah. Alternate Translation: "Take your army out of my territory"
2Ki 19:15
you who sit above the cherubim
You may need to make explicit that the cherubim are those on the lid of the ark of the covenant. The biblical writers often spoke of the ark of the covenant as if it were Yahweh's footstool upon which he rested his feet as he sat on his throne in heaven above. Alternate Translation: "you who sit on your throne above the cherubim on the ark of the covenant"
2Ki 19:28
I will turn you back the way you came
That Sennacherib will return home before he can conquer Jerusalem can be stated clearly. Alternate Translation: "I will make you return to your own country the same way you came, without conquering Jerusalem"
2Ki 20:9
Shall the shadow go forward ten steps, or go back ten steps?
The source of "the shadow" can be stated clearly. Alternate Translation: "Do you want Yahweh to make the shadow caused by the sunlight on the stairway to go forward ten steps or to go back ten steps?"
2Ki 20:10
It is an easy thing for the shadow to go forward ten steps
Why "it is an easy thing" can be stated clearly. "It is easy to cause the shadow to move forward ten steps, because that is the normal thing for it to do"
2Ki 20:11
the stairway of Ahaz
This was probably a special stairway built for King Ahaz in such a way that its steps marked the hours of daylight as the sun's rays advanced along them. In this way, the staircase served to tell the time during the day. Alternate Translation: "the steps that had been built for King Ahaz"
2Ki 20:16
So Isaiah said to Hezekiah
Why Isaiah spoke can be stated clearly. Alternate Translation: "So, because Isaiah knew Hezekiah had been foolish to show the men all his valuable things, Isaiah said to him"
2Ki 21:5
He built altars for all the stars of heaven in the two courtyards of the house of Yahweh
It is implied that he built these altars so people could make sacrifices and worship the stars. Also, he would not have built these altars himself, rather he would have commanded his workers to do it. Alternate Translation: "He had his workers build altars in the two courtyards of the house of Yahweh so that the people could worship the stars and offer them sacrifices"
2Ki 21:6
He caused his son to pass through the fire
You may need to make explicit why he caused his son be put into the fire and what happened after he did so. Alternate Translation: "He burned his son to death as an offering to his gods"
2Ki 22:14
she lived in Jerusalem in the second quarter
Here "second quarter" refers to the new part of the city that was built on the north side of Jerusalem. Also, "second" is the ordinal form of 2. Alternate Translation: "she lived in Jerusalem in the new part of the city" or "she lived in the new part of Jerusalem"
2Ki 23:11
He took away
It might be best to translate so that the reader understands that other people, perhaps Hilkiah and "the priests under him" ([2 Kings 23:4](./04.md)), might have helped Josiah do this.
2Ki 23:15
Josiah also completely destroyed ... He also burned ... and beat ... He also burned
It might be best to translate so that the reader understands that other people, perhaps Hilkiah and "the priests under him" ([2 Kings 23:4](./04.md)), might have helped Josiah do these things.
2Ki 23:19
Josiah removed ... He did ... He slaughtered ... he burned
It might be best to translate so that the reader understands that other people, perhaps Hilkiah and "the priests under him" ([2 Kings 23:4](./04.md)), might have helped Josiah do these things.
2Ki 23:20
Josiah removed ... He did ... He slaughtered ... he burned
It might be best to translate so that the reader understands that other people, perhaps Hilkiah and "the priests under him" ([2 Kings 23:4](./04.md)), might have helped Josiah do these things.
2Ki 23:20
he burned human bones on them
You may need to make explicit why he burned the bones. "he burned human bones on them so no one would use them again"
2Ki 24:1
attacked Judah
You may need to make explicit what happened after Nebuchadnezzar attacked Judah. Alternate Translation: "attacked and defeated Judah"
2Ki 24:12
Jehoiachin the king of Judah went out to the king of Babylon, he, his mother, his servants, his princes, and his officers
You may need to make explicit why Jehoiachin went out to meet Nebuchadnezzar. Alternate Translation: "Jehoiachin the king of Judah, with his mother, his servants, his princes, and his officers, went out to where the king of Babylon was, to surrender to him"
2Ki 24:13
Solomon king of Israel had made
You might want to translate this so the reader understands that Solomon might have had others help him do this.
2Ki 25:7
he put out his eyes
Nebuchadnezzar put out Zedekiah's eyes. It might be best to translate so that the reader understands that other people might have helped Nebuchadnezzar do this.
2Ki 25:15
The pots for removing ashes
You may need to make explicit which ashes are spoken of. Alternate Translation: "The pots that were used for removing ashes from the altar"
1Ch 6:54
Kohathites (the first lot was theirs)
The Israelites drew lots to decide where people would live. Alternate Translation: "Kohathites. The first lot that they drew was theirs"
1Ch 10:1
Every man of Israel fled from before the Philistines and fell down dead on Mount Gilboa
It is implied that these men were Israelite soldiers. Alternate Translation: "The whole army of Israel ran away from the Philistines"
1Ch 11:10
who showed themselves strong with him in his kingdom ... to make him king
This phrase means that both the leaders of David's army, and the full army, helped David to establish himself as king over Israel. Alternate Translation: "who strongly supported David's kingdom ... to make him king"
1Ch 11:18
he poured it out to Yahweh
This means that he poured out the water as an offering to Yahweh.
1Ch 11:23
a spear like a weaver's beam
This compares the size of the spear with the size of a weaver's beam. Alternate Translation: "a spear the size of a weaver's beam"
1Ch 12:17
may the God of our ancestors see
What God will see may be supplied in translation. Alternate Translation: "may the God of our ancestors see what you intend to do"
1Ch 12:33
ready to give undivided loyalty
It is implicit that they would give loyalty to David. Alternate Translation: "ready to give undivided loyalty to David"
1Ch 13:2
all the assembly of Israel
This refers to all of the Israelites who were assembled in this place. Alternate Translation: "all of the Israelites who were assembled there"
1Ch 13:6
to bring up from there the ark of God
It is implied that they are taking the ark to Jerusalem. Alternate Translation: "to take to Jerusalem the ark of God"
1Ch 13:6
who sits enthroned over the cherubim
You may need to make explicit that the cherubim are those on the lid of the ark of the covenant. The biblical writers often spoke of the ark of the covenant as if it were Yahweh's footstool upon which he rested his feet as he sat on his throne in heaven above. Alternate Translation: "who sits on his throne above the cherubim on the ark of the covenant"
1Ch 14:8
went out against them
It is implied that David led his army out to fight against them. Alternate Translation: "led his army out to fight against them"
1Ch 15:18
Mikneiah, Obed Edom, and Jeiel, the gatekeepers
The word "gatekeepers" refers to people who guard gates or entryways. Here it refers to guarding access to the ark of the covenant and applies to Obed Edom and Jeiel. Alternate Translation: "Mikneiah, and the gatekeepers, Obed Edom and Jeiel"
1Ch 16:19
strangers in the land
It is implied that "the land" refers to Canaan. Alternate Translation: "foreigners in the land of Canaan"
1Ch 16:29
Bow down to Yahweh
The implied information is that the people were to bow down in worship. Alternate Translation: "Bow down to worship Yahweh"
1Ch 16:32
that which fills it shout with joy
The implied information is that this refers to all the creatures living in the sea. They are spoken of as if they should shout with joy like people might do. Alternate Translation: "the sea creatures shout joyfully"
1Ch 16:37
as every day's work required
The implied information is that they were to perform the daily duties that were given in the law of Yahweh. Alternate Translation: "as was required every day by the law"
1Ch 16:42
guarded the gate
The implied information is that they were to guard the entrance to the tabernacle. Alternate Translation: "guarded the tabernacle gate"
1Ch 17:1
I am living in a house of cedar
Cedar is a kind of tree that is known for its strength. If you have an equivalent type of tree in your culture, you can use that name, otherwise you can reword this. Alternate Translation: "I am living in a strong, permanent house"
1Ch 17:1
the ark of the covenant of Yahweh is staying under a tent
Tents are temporary dwellings. If you do not have tents in your culture, you can word this differently. Alternate Translation: "the ark of the covenant of Yahweh is staying in a temporary place"
1Ch 17:5
that I brought up Israel
The implied information is that this refers to God bringing up Israel out of the land of Egypt. Alternate Translation: "that I brought the Israelites to the promised land from the land of Egypt"
1Ch 17:21
you rescued from Egypt
The implied information is that they were rescued from slavery. Alternate Translation: "you rescued from slavery in Egypt"
1Ch 21:4
So Joab left and went throughout all Israel
It is understood from David's command in [1 Chronicles 21:2](../21/01.md) that Joab went to count the people of Israel. It can be stated clearly. Alternate Translation: "So Joab left and went throughout all Israel to count the people"
1Ch 21:12
I should take to the one who sent me
The one who sent him was Yahweh. This can be stated explicitly. Alternate Translation: "I should take to Yahweh who sent me"
1Ch 21:20
hid themselves
They were afraid of the angel. This can be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "hid themselves because they were afraid of the angel"
1Ch 21:23
Take it as your own
This implies that David should take the land without paying for it. Alternate Translation: "Take it as a gift"
1Ch 22:9
For his name will be Solomon
The name "Solomon" sounds like the Hebrew word for "peace." This can be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "His name will be Solomon, which sounds like the word for peace"
1Ch 25:9
The first lot fell to Joseph's family
For all of the other people in the list, the text specifies that there were "twelve persons in number." Since this was true for Joseph's family too, you may want to state it clearly. Alternate Translation: "The first lot fell to Joseph's family, twelve persons in number"
1Ch 26:25
His relatives from the clan of Eliezer
These were his relatives who did this work with him. Alternate Translation: "His relatives who did the work with him from the clan of Eliezer"
1Ch 28:8
Now then, in the sight of all Israel ... all of you must
Here David is giving a command to all of the people of Israel. Alternate Translation: "Now then, in the sight of all Israel, this assembly for Yahweh, and in the presence of our God, I command all of you to"
1Ch 28:19
gave me to understand regarding the design
This refers to the detail for the design of the temple. Alternate Translation: "helped me to understand the details for his temple"
1Ch 29:10
Israel our ancestor
Here "Israel" refers to the man Jacob. Alternate Translation: "Jacob our ancestor"
1Ch 29:22
anointed him with Yahweh's authority to be ruler
To do something with "Yahweh's authority" means to do it on his behalf and with his approval. Alternate Translation: "anointed him to rule over Israel on Yahweh's behalf"
1Ch 29:30
the events that affected him, Israel, and all the kingdoms of the other lands
all the things that happened to him and to the people of Israel and in the kingdoms of other countries while he was ruling Israel
2Ch 4:4
twelve oxen
These are images of oxen made of bronze. Alternate Translation: "twelve large figures of bulls" or "twelve bronze oxen"
2Ch 6:4
has fulfilled it
has caused it to happen. The word "it" refers to what God had promised. Alternate Translation: "has ensured that he fulfilled his promises"
2Ch 6:16
You will not fail to have a man
God speaking in terms of David having a man implies that the man would be a descendant of David. This can be stated positively. Alternate Translation: "you will always have a descendant"
2Ch 6:16
a man in my sight to sit on the throne of Israel
The phrase "in my sight" here implies that God would choose the man and the man would want to obey God.
2Ch 6:25
bring them back to the land that you gave to them and to their ancestors
This implies that when their enemies defeated them, God's people will have gone to live in other lands. Alternate Translation: "bring them back to their own land"
2Ch 6:32
who—because of your great name, your mighty hand, and your outstretched arm—comes
It is implied that the foreigners come because they hear about God's greatness. Alternate Translation: "who hears about your great name, your mighty hand, and your outstretched arm—if he comes"
2Ch 7:7
was not able to hold the burnt offerings, the grain offerings, and the fat
This was because there were so many offerings. Alternate Translation: "was not able to hold the large amount of burnt offerings, grain offerings, and fat"
2Ch 7:8
from Lebo Hamath to the brook of Egypt
Lebo Hamath was north of Israel, and the brook of Egypt was south of Israel. These are used together to emphasize that people from every part of Israel were at the festival. Alternate Translation: "from Lebo Hamath in the north to the brook of Egypt in the south"
2Ch 8:11
because wherever the ark of Yahweh has come is holy
It can be stated that the ark had been brought into King David's house. Alternate Translation: "because the ark of Yahweh was brought into that house, and wherever the ark of Yahweh has come is holy"
2Ch 9:18
two lions
These were statues. Alternate Translation: "two statues of lions"
2Ch 9:20
in Solomon's days
Here "Solomon's days" refers to the time when Solomon ruled. Alternate Translation: "when Solomon ruled"
2Ch 11:11
He fortified the fortresses
Here the word "fortresses" refers to fortified cities. That Rehoboam "fortified the fortresses" means that he built up and strengthened the defenses of these fortified cities. Alternate Translation: "He strengthened the defenses of the fortified cities"
2Ch 12:2
in the fifth year of King Rehoboam
This refers to the fifth year of Rehoboam's reign as king. Alternate Translation: "in the fifth year that Rehoboam was king" or "in year five of King Rehoboam's reign"
2Ch 13:1
In the eighteenth year of King Jeroboam
This refers to the eighteenth year of Jeroboam's reign as king. Alternate Translation: "In the eighteenth year that Jeroboam was king" or "in year 18 of King Jeroboam's reign"
2Ch 13:8
the kingdom of Yahweh
This is a reference to a united Israel as it existed in the time of David and Solomon.
2Ch 13:9
a priest of what are not gods
The phrase "what are not gods" refers to the golden calves that Jeroboam had his craftsmen make. Although the priests served them as if they were gods, they were not really gods. Alternate Translation: "a priest of idols that are not really gods"
2Ch 13:12
do not fight against Yahweh
Since Yahweh is leading the army of Judah, Abijah speaks of the army of Israel fighting against the army of Judah as if they were fighting against Yahweh himself.
2Ch 14:11
do not let man defeat you
Since the army of Judah is fighting in Yahweh's name, Asa speaks of Zerah defeating Judah as if Zerah were to defeat Yahweh himself. Alternate Translation: "do not let man defeat your people"
2Ch 15:8
drove away the disgusting things
The words "the disgusting things" refers to idols. Having his people remove or destroy the idols is spoken of as if it were driving them away. Alternate Translation: "got rid of the disgusting idols"
2Ch 16:1
built up Ramah
It is implied that the army of Baasha first captured Ramah. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate Translation: "captured and fortified Ramah"
2Ch 16:3
Break your covenant with Baasha, king of Israel
Asa wanted Ben Hadad to attack Israel. Ben Hadad could only do that if he broke his covenant with the king of Israel. The meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "Break your covenant with Baasha, king of Israel, and attack Israel"
2Ch 16:9
so that he might show himself strong on behalf of
This means that Yahweh shows people that he is strong by protecting his people. Alternate Translation: "and Yahweh protects with his strength" or "so that he may show his strength by protecting"
2Ch 16:14
sweet odors and various kinds of spices prepared by skilled perfumers
Putting plants that smell good with the dead body was one of the burial customs of the people of Israel. Alternate Translation: "sweet smelling plants prepared by people skilled in this custom"
2Ch 17:3
did not seek the Baals
This means that he did not worship the Baal idols in order to seek help from them.
2Ch 17:4
not after the behavior of Israel
and did not behave in the ways of the people of Israel. This refers to how most of the people of Israel did not follow Yahweh. Alternate Translation: "and did not follow the evil practices that were common in Israel"
2Ch 18:2
Ahab killed many sheep and oxen for him and the people
This means that he had these animals slaughtered to prepare a feast for the people. Also, Ahab himself would not have prepared the animals, but rather would have commanded his workers to do it. Alternate Translation: "Ahab commanded his workers to slaughter many sheep and oxen for a feast for Jehoshaphat and the people"
2Ch 18:3
Will you go with me to Ramoth Gilead
Here Ahab is requesting for Jehoshaphat to join him with his army to make war against Ramoth Gilead. This can be written explicitly. Also, in this question each of the kings represents themselves accompanied by their armies. Alternate Translation: "Will you and your army go with my army to attack the city of Ramoth in the region of Gilead"
2Ch 18:18
on his left
This implies his left hand. Alternate Translation: "on his left hand"
2Ch 18:24
you will know that
you will know the answer to your question. If Zedekiah's rhetorical question is translated as a statement, this phrase may be translated to supply implicit information. Alternate Translation: "you will know that the Spirit of Yahweh has spoken to me"
2Ch 20:22
Yahweh set men
This means that Yahweh caused some of the enemy soldiers to ambush other enemy soldiers. Alternate Translation: "Yahweh set some enemy soldiers"
2Ch 20:23
When they had finished with
This refers to after they had destroyed them. Alternate Translation: "When they had finished killing"
2Ch 20:27
rejoice over their enemies
They rejoiced because their enemies had been defeated. Alternate Translation: "rejoice over their enemies' defeat" or "rejoice because their enemies had been destroyed"
2Ch 20:32
He walked in the ways of Asa, his father; he did not turn away from them
This means that he lived in a way that pleased Yahweh as his father had done. Here "walking" is an idiom for the way a person lives and behaves. Alternate Translation: "He did things that were pleasing to Yahweh, like his father Asa had done, and he did not stop doing those things"
2Ch 21:9
It was night when he rose up ... surrounded him and his chariot commanders
It may be helpful to reorder this sentence and to add implicit information. Alternate Translation: "The Edomites surrounded him and his chariot commanders, but Jehoram and his army fought against them and escaped during the night"
2Ch 21:16
the spirit of the Philistines and of the Arabians who were near the Cushites
The Philistines and the Arabians were two different nations. The Arabians lived southeast of Judah near the Cushites, and the Philistines lived west of Judah. These nations were stirred up separately. This can be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "the spirit of the Philistines and the spirit of the Arabians who were near the Cushites"
2Ch 21:19
made no fire in his honor as they had done for his ancestors
The custom of the Israelites was to make a bonfire to honor the king who had died. They did not do this for Jehoram to express their contempt for him. This can be stated explicitly. Alternate Translation: "did not make a bonfire to honor him as they normally did to honor kings when they died"
2Ch 22:9
they buried him, for they said, "He is a son of Jehoshaphat, who sought Yahweh with all his heart."
They honored him enough to bury his body because he was the descendant of Jehoshaphat, who was a good king. This can be stated explicitly. Alternate Translation: they buried his corpse, because they said, "He deserves to be buried, because he was a descendant of Jehoshaphat, who tried hard to please Yahweh."
2Ch 22:10
all the royal children
This refers only to the males, because they could become king. Verse 11 confirms that the sons were the ones who were killed.
2Ch 23:1
General Information:
Throughout chapter 23, Joash is referred to as "the king." It may be helpful to your readers to occasionally add "King Joash" or "Joash the king" to make his identity explicit.
2Ch 23:6
But all the other people must obey the commands of Yahweh
It may be helpful to state that command. Alternate Translation: "All the others must remain in the courtyard, obeying what Yahweh has commanded"
2Ch 23:7
Whoever comes into the house, let him be killed
This did not include the temple guards and the priests. This can be stated explicitly and in active form. Alternate Translation: "You must kill anyone except the temple guards and the priests who come into the temple"
2Ch 23:10
General Information:
Throughout chapter 23, Joash is referred to as "the king." It may be helpful to your readers to occasionally add "King Joash" or "Joash the king" to make his identity explicit.
2Ch 23:16
General Information:
Throughout chapter 23, Joash is referred to as "the king." It may be helpful to your readers to occasionally add "King Joash" or "Joash the king" to make his identity explicit.
2Ch 24:17
Then the king listened to them
The following verse indicates that they wanted the king to serve idols instead of Yahweh, and he agreed. Alternate Translation: "Then they persuaded the king to do what they wanted"
2Ch 26:4
following the example of his father, Amaziah, in everything
This implies that his father had done what was right in God's eyes. Alternate Translation: "just as his father, Amaziah, had done"
2Ch 28:3
before the people of Israel
The people of those nations fled as the people of Israel moved into the land. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "before the people of Israel who moved into the land" or "as the people of Israel moved into the land"
2Ch 28:13
there is fierce wrath against Israel
This phrase implies that it is Yahweh's fierce wrath that is against Israel. The words "fierce wrath" can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate Translation: "Yahweh is extremely angry with the people of Israel"
2Ch 28:23
the gods of Damascus
The Syrians believed Damascus to be the city where their gods dwelt, much like Yahweh dwelt in Jerusalem. Alternate Translation: "the gods whom the Syrians worshiped in Damascus"
2Ch 28:23
gods that had defeated him
This expresses Ahaz's opinion. Because the Syrians had defeated him and his army, Ahaz attributed his defeat to the gods whom the Syrians worshiped. Alternate Translation: "gods whom he believed had enabled the Syrian army to defeat him"
2Ch 29:4
on the east side
This refers to the east side of the temple. Alternate Translation: "on the east side of the temple"
2Ch 29:6
the place where Yahweh lives
This refers to the temple. Alternate Translation: "the temple where Yahweh lives"
2Ch 29:29
bowed and worshiped
The object of worship may be supplied in translation. Alternate Translation: "bowed and worshiped Yahweh"
2Ch 29:34
until the priests could consecrate themselves
Since there were some priests who were already consecrated, this implies that more priests consecrated themselves. Alternate Translation: "until more of the priests could consecrate themselves"
2Ch 30:5
according to what was written
as it was written that they should do. It is implied that it was written that they should observe the Passover with large numbers of people. This can be stated in active form. Alternate Translation: "as Moses had written that they should observe it"
2Ch 30:16
the blood that they received from the hand of the Levites
This refers to the blood of the lambs that the Levites killed. Here "received from the hand of the Levites" is a metonym for the Levites giving the blood to the priests. Alternate Translation: "the blood that they received from the Levites" or "the lambs' blood that the Levites gave to them"
2Ch 30:18
against the written instructions
To do something "against" instructions means to do something that is not in obedience to the instructions. If needed, the instructions can be stated clearly. Alternate Translation: "even though the written instructions said that they must purify themselves first"
2Ch 30:20
So Yahweh listened to Hezekiah
This implies that Yahweh responded favorably to Hezekiah. Alternate Translation: "So Yahweh responded favorably to Hezekiah" or "So Yahweh did what Hezekiah asked"
2Ch 30:25
all the people who came together from Israel
Here "Israel" probably refers to the northern tribes of Israel. The people are members of those tribes. They came to Jerusalem, which is in Judah. Alternate Translation: "all the people who came together from Israel in the north"
2Ch 30:25
the foreigners who came from the land of Israel
Here "the land of Israel" probably refers to the land owned by the northern tribes of Israel. Alternate Translation: "the foreigners who came from the land of Israel in the north"
2Ch 31:15
the important and the unimportant
This seems to imply the old and the young. This can be restated to removed the nominal adjectives. Alternate Translation: "those who are old and those who are young"
2Ch 33:5
He built altars for all the stars of heaven in the two courtyards of the house of Yahweh
It is implied that he built these altars so people could make sacrifices and worship the stars. Also, he would not have built these altars himself, rather he would have commanded his workers to do it. Alternate Translation: "He had his workers build altars in the two courtyards of the house of Yahweh so that the people could worship the stars and offer them sacrifices"
2Ch 33:6
he caused his sons to pass through the fire
You may need to make explicit why he put his son in the fire and what happened after he did so. Alternate Translation: "he burned his sons to death as an offering to his gods"
2Ch 33:11
brought on them
Yahweh sent the army to attack Jerusalem. Alternate Translation: "brought about an attack on them by"
2Ch 34:13
These Levites were in charge of those who carried building material and all other men who worked in any way
This means that they were in charge of all the men who did any type of building work. Alternate Translation: "These Levites were in charge of all of the men who did any kind of building work"
2Ch 34:31
stood in his place
This refers to the place where the king stood at the temple. Alternate Translation: "stood where he was supposed to stand at the entrance to the temple"
2Ch 34:33
the disgusting things
These are the idols that were repulsive to God. Alternate Translation: "the disgusting idols"
2Ch 35:3
that Solomon son of David, king of Israel built
The readers should understand that Solomon probably commanded other people to do the actual work. Alternate Translation: "that Solomon, king of Israel, commanded the people to build"
2Ch 35:20
set the temple in order
This means that he restored the worship in the temple as God had intended it to be. Alternate Translation: "restored proper worship to the temple"
Ezr 1:2
for him a house in ... Judea
You may need to make explicit that the house was for people to worship Yahweh. Alternate Translation: "a house in ... Judea where people can worship him"
Ezr 2:21
The men of Bethlehem
This begins to list the number of people whose ancestors had lived in towns in Judah.
Ezr 3:3
because of the people of the land
You may need to make explicit what it was about the people of the land that made the Jews afraid. Alternate Translation: "because they thought the people of the land wanted to attack them"
Ezr 3:4
the Festival of Shelters
This is a festival that was celebrated for eight days during the seventh month of the Hebrew calendar. It was associated with the time of the exodus when the Israelites lived in tents.
Ezr 3:8
to the house of God
You may need to make explicit that there was no house of God standing when they arrived. Alternate Translation: "to where the house of God had stood" or "to where they were going to build the house of God"
Ezr 6:1
ordered an investigation
What they were to investigate can be stated clearly. Alternate Translation: "ordered his officials to investigate the records" or "ordered his officials to search and find out if there was a record of King Cyrus telling the Jews to build the house of God in Jerusalem"
Ezr 6:3
In the first year of King Cyrus
It can be stated clearly that this is the first year of his reign. Alternate Translation: "In year 1 of the reign of King Cyrus"
Ezr 6:4
cubits, with three rows of large stones and a row of new timber
This can be stated as a new sentence. Possible meanings are 1) this describes how to build the foundation. Alternate Translation: "cubits. Build the foundation on three layers of large stones covered with one layer of timber" or 2) this describes how to build the walls. Alternate Translation: "cubits. Build the house's walls with three layers of large stones alternating with one layer of timber"
Ezr 6:8
Funds from the king's tribute beyond the River
The king's tribute refers to taxes that people pay the king. Alternate Translation: "Money from the taxes that you collect for the king from the people beyond the river"
Ezr 6:16
the rest of the captives
These people had been captured and taken to Babylon, but they returned to Jerusalem. Alternate Translation: "the rest of the people who had been taken captive to Babylon and had returned to Jerusalem" or "the rest of the people who had returned from captivity"
Ezr 7:1
Ezra came up from Babylon
Where Ezra came up to can be stated clearly. Alternate Translation: "Ezra came up to Jerusalem from Babylon"
Ezr 7:7
in the seventh year of King Artaxerxes
This refers to the seventh year of his reign. Alternate Translation: "in the seventh year that Artaxerxes was king"
Ezr 7:12
The King of kings Artaxerxes
The King of kings was a title, meaning that he was the greatest of kings, the king that other kings obeyed. Alternate Translation: "The Great King Artaxerxes" or "Artaxerxes, the greatest king"
Ezr 7:14
to inquire concerning Judah and Jerusalem according to God's law
What they were to inquire about can be stated more clearly. Alternate Translation: "to investigate the situation in Judah and Jerusalem, in order to learn whether or not they are obeying God's law"
Ezr 7:15
You are to bring the silver and gold
Where they were to bring it can be stated clearly. Alternate Translation: "You are to bring to Jerusalem the silver and gold"
Ezr 7:16
what is freely offered by the people and the priests
This can be expressed active form. Alternate Translation: "what the people and the priests have freely offered"
Ezr 7:17
So buy in full ... offerings
The phrase "in full" means as many as are necessary to complete the task. They were to use the gold and silver to buy all they needed in order to worship God in the temple. Alternate Translation: "Buy as many of the oxen, rams, lambs, grain and drink offerings as are needed"
Ezr 7:21
should be given in full
The phrase "in full" here represents whatever quantity necessary to do the work. Alternate Translation: "should be given as much as he needs"
Ezr 8:17
Next I sent them to Iddo
The word "them" refers to the nine leaders and two teachers written about in [Esra 8:16](./16.md). Alternate Translation: "Next I sent those men to Iddo"
Ezr 9:3
I tore apart my clothing and robe and pulled out hair from my head and beard
Ezra was showing everyone how unhappy he was that people were doing things that offended God.
Neh 1:1
in the twentieth year
Nehemiah is referring to the number of years that Artaxerxes had been reigning as king. Alternate Translation: "in the twentieth year of the reign of Artaxerxes, King of Persia"
Neh 1:2
the Jews who had escaped, the remnant of the Jews who were there
These two phrases refer to the same group of people. Possible meanings are 1) the few Jews who were taken as exiles to Babylon but escaped and returned to live in Jerusalem or 2) the few Jews who had escaped from those who were trying to take them into exile in Babylon and so remained in Jerusalem. Since it is unclear from where they escaped, it may be best not to specify in the translation. Alternate Translation: "the Jews who had escaped the exile and who remained in Jerusalem"
Neh 1:3
the province
Here "province" refers to Judah as an administrative district under the Persian Empire. Alternate Translation: "the province of Judah" or "Judah"
Neh 1:5
Then I said
Nehemiah tells what he prayed. Alternate Translation: "Then I said to Yahweh"
Neh 1:9
to that place where I have chosen ... remain
This phrase refers to Jerusalem, where the temple was located. Alternate Translation: "to Jerusalem, where I have chosen ... remain"
Neh 2:16
the rest who did the work
This refers to the men who would later rebuild the walls. Alternate Translation: "the others who would later do the work of rebuilding the walls"
Neh 3:13
They repaired a thousand cubits as far as the Dung Gate
They repaired the portion of the wall between the Valley Gate and the Dung Gate. Alternate Translation: "They repaired a thousand cubits of the wall, from the Valley Gate to the Dung Gate"
Neh 3:13
They repaired a thousand cubits
It is understood that they were repaing the wall of Jerusalem. Alternate Translation: "They repaired a thousand cubits of the wall" or "They repaired another thousand cubits of the wall beyond the Valley Gate"
Neh 4:4
Hear, our God, ... for they have provoked the builders to anger. So
Here Nehemiah is praying to God. This can be stated clearly and written with quotation marks. Alternate Translation: "Then I prayed, 'Hear, our God, ... for they have provoked the builders to anger.' So"
Neh 4:5
Hear, our God, ... for they have provoked the builders to anger. So
Here Nehemiah is praying to God. This can be stated clearly and written with quotation marks. Alternate Translation: "Then I prayed, 'Hear, our God, ... for they have provoked the builders to anger.' So"
Neh 4:6
Hear, our God, ... for they have provoked the builders to anger. So
Here Nehemiah is praying to God. This can be stated clearly and written with quotation marks. Alternate Translation: "Then I prayed, 'Hear, our God, ... for they have provoked the builders to anger.' So"
Neh 5:1
Then the men and their wives raised a great outcry against their fellow Jews
Since they were working on the wall, the workers did not have enough time to work to buy and grow food for their families. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear.
Neh 5:5
Yet now our flesh and blood is the same as our brothers, and our children are the same as their children
Here the Jews are implying that they are of the same Jewish descent as the other Jews and that they of the same importance as the others. The meaning of this can be made clear. Alternate Translation: "Yet our families are Jews just like the other Jew's families, and our children are just as important to us as their children are to them"
Neh 5:5
But it is not in our power to help it because other men now own our fields and our vineyards
Since the mens' fields and vineyards are not in their possession, they are unable to produce the money they need to support their families. The full meaning of this can be made clear. Alternate Translation: "But we are unable to change this situation because other men now own our fields and our vineyards which we need to support our lives"
Neh 5:7
You are exacting interest, each from his own brother
Every Jew would have known that it is wrong under the Law to charge interest to another Jew. The full meaning of this can be made clear. Alternate Translation: "Each of you is charging interest to your own brother, and that is wrong under the Law"
Neh 5:7
I held a great assembly against them
This means that he brought together a large group of people and brought these charges against them. The meaning of statement this can be made clear. Alternate Translation: "I held a great assembly and brought these charges against them" or "I held them on trial in front of the assembly"
Neh 5:8
but you even sell your brothers and sisters that they may be sold back to us
This means that they are selling their family members as slaves to their fellow Jews. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate Translation: "Now you are selling your own people to be slaves of your fellow Jews, so that they might later sell them back to us"
Neh 5:17
At my table were the Jews ... from among the nations who were around us
Nehemiah was responsible for providing food for all of these people. This can be stated clearly. Alternate Translation: "Also, every day I was responsible to feed at our table the Jews and the officials, 150 people; and we also fed the visitors who came from other countries around us
Neh 6:6
are planning to rebel
This means that they are planning to rebel against Artaxerxes, the Persian king, who was currently ruling the Jews. Alternate Translation: "are planning to rebel against Artaxerxes"
Neh 6:9
They will drop their hands from doing the work
This is a descriptive phrase that means that they are stopping their work on the wall. Alternate Translation: "The workers on the wall will stop doing the work"
Neh 7:73
some of the people
The implied information is that this refers to some of the Israelites who were not priests or other temple workers.
Neh 8:5
when he opened it all the people stood up
The people stood up out of respect for God's word.
Neh 8:10
eat the fat and have something sweet to drink
The implied information is that the people were told to feast on rich food and sweet drinks. Alternate Translation: "eat rich food and drink something sweet"
Neh 8:18
from the first day to the last
The implied information is that it was during the entire week of the festival. Alternate Translation: "from the first day to the last day of the week"
Neh 8:18
in obedience to the decree
The implied information is that "the decree" was the command of Yahweh about how the Festival of Shelters was to end. Alternate Translation: "as God had commanded"
Neh 9:1
they were wearing sackcloth, and they put dust on their heads
This was in order to show how sorry they were for the wrong things they and their ancestors had done.
Neh 9:9
you heard their cry
The implied information is that God was moved to action because of the Israelites' cries for help.
Neh 9:10
signs and wonders against Pharaoh
The plagues tested Pharaoh's heart, and they became a witness against his hardness of heart. Alternate Translation: "signs and wonders that testified against Pharaoh" or "signs and wonders that condemned Pharaoh"
Neh 9:17
they appointed a leader to return to their slavery
The Israelites would know that this referred to their ancestors wanting to return to Egypt. Alternate Translation: "they appointed a leader to take them back to Egypt where they had been slaves"
Neh 10:1
On the sealed documents were Nehemiah ... Malchijah
The names of these people were written on the documents. This can be stated clearly. Alternate Translation: "On the sealed documents were the names of Nehemiah ... Malchijah" or "On the sealed documents were the names of the following people: Nehemiah ... Malchijah"
Neh 10:3
On the sealed documents were Nehemiah ... Malchijah
The names of these people were written on the documents. This can be stated clearly. Alternate Translation: "On the sealed documents were the names of Nehemiah ... Malchijah" or "On the sealed documents were the names of the following people: Nehemiah ... Malchijah"
Neh 10:8
These were the priests
This refers to the previous list of men who signed the document. Alternate Translation: "These were the names of the priests who signed the document"
Neh 10:28
singers
You may need to make explicit that these are those who sang in the temple. Alternate Translation: "temple singers"
Neh 10:28
all who have knowledge and understanding
This phrase can be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "all who were old enough to understand what promising to obey God meant"
Neh 10:30
would not give our daughters to the people of the land or take their daughters for our sons
This means that they would not allow their sons and daughters to marry them. Alternate Translation: "would not give our daughters to marry the people of the land or take their daughters to marry our sons"
Neh 10:30
the people of the land
This refers to the people who live in their land who do not worship Yahweh. Alternate Translation: "the people of this land who do not worship Yahweh"
Neh 12:1
Jeshua
The original readers would have understood that Jeshua was the high priest. Alternate Translation: "Jeshua the high priest"
Neh 12:10
Jeshua was the father of Joiakim
This was the same Jeshua named in [Nehemiah 12:1](./01.md). The original readers would have understood that Jeshua was the high priest. Alternate Translation: "Jeshua the high priest was the father of Joiakim"
Neh 12:44
who were standing before them
The Levites and priests were not just standing, they were serving in their roles. The meaning can be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "who were standing before them serving God"
Neh 13:10
the Levites' portions had not been given to them
The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. This can also be translated in active form. Alternate Translation: "the people had not been bringing into the storerooms their tithes and offerings of food for the temple priests"
Neh 13:23
Jews that had married women of Ashdod, Ammon, and Moab
Jews that had married foreign women. God had forbidden intermarriage. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear.
Est 1:15
In compliance with the law ... by the officials?
It may be helpful to state who asked this question. Alternate Translation: The king said to them, "In compliance with the law ... by the officials?"
Est 2:14
in the morning
It is implied that this is the following morning. This information can be made clear. Alternate Translation: "the next morning"
Est 2:18
Esther's feast,
It may be helpful to state that this is the name of the feast. Alternate Translation: "he called it, 'Esther's feast,'"
Est 6:4
hanging Mordecai
It can be made clear what the purpose of hanging him was. Alternate Translation: "killing Mordecai by hanging him"
Est 7:8
the servants covered Haman's face
Apparently they did this because they understood that the king wanted Haman to be killed. Alternate Translation: "the servants covered Haman's face as a sign that he would be killed"
Est 8:3
to put an end to the evil plan of Haman the Agagite
Put an end to here is an idiom meaning to stop something. Alternate Translation: "to stop the evil plan of Haman the Agagite" or "to prevent the evil things from happening that Haman the Agagite had planned"
Est 8:8
For the decree ... ring cannot be revoked
The information given between the words "decree" and "cannot" is the reason that the king cannot revoke Haman's decree. It can be shown clearly that it was the reason with the word "because." Alternate Translation: "For I cannot revoke the decree that has already been written, because it was written in the king's name and sealed with the king's ring"
Est 8:10
bred from the royal stud
The royal stud was the king's best male horse. The horses that were used in the king's service were its offspring. Alternate Translation: "the offspring of the king's best horse"
Est 8:16
honor
Possible meanings are that 1) other people honored the Jews. Alternate Translation: "other people honored them" or 2) the Jews felt honored. Alternate Translation: "they felt honored"
Est 9:18
the Jews who were in Susa assembled together
Why they assembled together can be stated clearly. Alternate Translation: "the Jews who were in Susa assembled together to fight against their enemies"
Est 9:24
he threw Pur (that is, he threw lots)
Why he threw Pur, or lots, can be stated clearly. Alternate Translation: "he threw Pur (that is, he threw lots) to find out what would be the best day to attack the Jews"
Est 9:26
the name of Pur.
It can be stated clearly what "Pur" means. Alternate Translation: "the word Pur, which means 'lot.'"
Job 1:3
all the people of the East
The refers to places that were east of Canaan. Alternate Translation: "all the people who live in lands that were east of Canaan"
Job 3:17
There the wicked cease from trouble
Job is talking about the place where people go after they stop living. Alternate Translation: "In that place, evil people stop causing trouble"
Job 4:6
your fear
Eliphaz means Job's fear of God. Alternate Translation: "your fear of God"
Job 5:26
like a stack of grain bundles that goes up at its time
You may need to make explicit that the grain in this simile is fully ripe but not overly ripe. He would neither die young nor become weak in his old age.
Job 6:21
are afraid
This means that they see the trouble Job has and are afraid of being in the same situation. Alternate Translation: "you are afraid that God might do similar things to you"
Job 7:2
the shadows of evening
cool shade. The implied information is that the shadows of evening provide coolness and shade from the sun
Job 7:3
months of misery
The abstract noun "misery" can be translated as the adjective "miserable." Alternate Translation: "miserable months" or "empty months"
Job 7:4
When I lie down
The implied information is that this is when Job would lie down to sleep at night. Alternate Translation: "When I lie down to sleep"
Job 7:8
The eye of God, who sees me, will see me no more
Many versions of the Bible translate this as "The eye which sees me will see me no more." The words "of God" were added to this phrase because they are implied by the context.
Job 8:12
While they are still green and not cut down, they wither before any other plant
It is implied that they wither when there is no water. This can be stated explicitly. Alternate Translation: "Without water, they stop growing and wither faster than any other plant, even if no one cuts them down"
Job 9:27
my complaints
It can be stated clearly whom Job was complaining against. Alternate Translation: "my complaints against God"
Job 9:32
answer him
Job implies that God has charged him of doing wrong, and he wants to respond to those charges. Alternate Translation: "answer his charges against me" or "defend myself" or "argue my innocence with him"
Job 11:6
that he would show ... secrets of wisdom
What the "secrets of wisdom" are can be stated clearly. Alternate Translation: "that he would show you that you are suffering because of your sin"
Job 11:8
The matter
This refers to understanding God. Alternate Translation: "To understand God"
Job 14:1
is full of trouble
Being "full of trouble" represents experiencing much trouble. Alternate Translation: "has many troubles" or "suffers much"
Job 14:14
If so
What "so" refers to is understood from the previous phrase. Alternate Translation: "If he would live again"
Job 15:12
Why do your eyes flash
This probably refers to Job appearing angry, specifically the appearance of his eyes. Alternate Translation: "Why do your eyes look angry" or "Why are you angry"
Job 15:13
bring out such words from your mouth
This describes him speaking. Alternate Translation: "so you say harsh things against him"
Job 15:19
among whom no stranger ever passed
This means that no foreigner lived among them, specifically so that they would not be influenced by pagan religions. Alternate Translation: "no one from another country came and caused them to think wrongly about God"
Job 16:8
You have made me dry up
This means that Job's body has shriveled and become wrinkled. Alternate Translation: "You have made my body shrivel up"
Job 16:22
I will go to a place
Here Job is referring to himself dying. Alternate Translation: "I will die and go to a place"
Job 17:6
he has made me a byword of the people
This means that people speak of him in a mocking way and use his name as an insult. Alternate Translation: "because of him, people use my name as an insult" or "because of them, people use my name as a byword"
Job 17:10
come on now
Job invites his friends to debate what he has said. Alternate Translation: "come on now, argue with me again"
Job 17:12
light is near to darkness
It is implied that the mockers claim that it is light when it is close to dark. Alternate Translation: "they claim that light is near to darkness" or "they claim that when it is becoming dark, that it is getting light"
Job 18:4
You who tear at yourself in your anger
Here Bildad is stating that it is because of Job's anger and disobedience that he has been injured, not because of God's anger as Job has previously claimed. The word "tear" here means to "injure." Alternate Translation: "You who have caused your own injuries because of your anger"
Job 18:14
the king of terrors
This is a reference to "King Death," a pagan god who was believed to rule over death. Alternate Translation: "the one who rules over the dead" or "the king of death"
Job 19:4
my error remains my own concern
Job implies that his friends are not responsible for continuing to rebuke him since he is the one who made the error. Alternate Translation: "my error is my own responsibility, so you should not continue to rebuke me" or "my error did not hurt you, so you should not continue to rebuke me"
Job 19:5
use my humiliation against me
How his friends would do this can be stated clearly. Alternate Translation: "claim that my humiliation is proof against me" or "use my humiliation as evidence that I am guilty"
Job 19:7
Violence!
This is a cry for help. This can be stated clearly. Alternate Translation: "Violence! Help!" or "Help! I am being attacked!"
Job 19:17
those who were born from my mother's womb
Job refers to his brothers and sisters this way to imply that they are people who should love him. The full meaning of this can be made clear. Alternate Translation: "my own brothers who should love me" or "my brothers and sisters who should love me"
Job 19:27
My heart fails within me
Possible meanings are that 1) Job feels very hopeful, thankful, and happy or 2) Job feels exhausted waiting to see his Redeemer.
Job 20:3
a spirit from my understanding answers me
The content of the answer can be stated clearly. Alternate Translation: "a thought from my understanding answers me about how I can reply to you" or "I have a thought from my understanding, and now I know how I can reply to you"
Job 20:26
a fire not fanned will devour him
The phrase "not fanned" implies that no human will start the fire. Rather, God will cause the fire. Alternate Translation: "a fire that is not started by humans will destroy him" or "God will cause a fire to destroy him"
Job 21:19
Let him pay it himself ... cut off?
Job now begins to state his own opinion. It may be helpful to state this explicitly. Alternate Translation: "But I say, 'Let him pay it himself ... cut off?'"
Job 21:21
Let him pay it himself ... cut off?
Job now begins to state his own opinion. It may be helpful to state this explicitly. Alternate Translation: "But I say, 'Let him pay it himself ... cut off?'"
Job 21:23
One man dies in his full strength
Job contrasts this man who dies in health and peace to the man who dies in sorrow and pain in [Job 21:25](./25.md). You can make this explicit. Alternate Translation: "If there are two men, one may die in his full strength"
Job 21:26
the worms cover them both
Worms are associated with decay of dead bodies. Alternate Translation: "the worms in the dirt eat their dead bodies"
Job 22:12
Look at the height of the stars, how high they are!
Eliphaz implies that God is higher than the stars. This can be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "Look at how high the stars are. God is even higher than the stars!"
Job 22:14
he walks on the vault of heaven
Here "vault" refers to the barrier that ancient people believed separated the earth from heaven. Alternate Translation: "he lives too far away in heaven to see what happens here"
Job 23:17
I have not been brought to an end by darkness
This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are 1) "The thick darkness in front of me has not made me silent" or 2) "Darkness has not stopped me" or "God has stopped me, not the darkness."
Job 24:11
they tread the wicked men's winepresses
It may be helpful to state that they do this to produce juice to make wine. Alternate Translation: "they tread on grapes to make juice for wine"
Job 24:16
wicked people dig into houses
They dig into the houses in order to steal from them. This can be stated explicitly. Alternate Translation: "wicked people dig into houses to steal from them"
Job 26:5
tremble
They tremble because they are afraid of God. This can be stated clearly. Alternate Translation: "tremble in fear" or "tremble in fear of God"
Job 26:13
his hand pierced the fleeing serpent
It is implied that God his holding a sword, and here "his hand" represents that sword. Also, "pierced" represents killing. Alternate Translation: "With his sword he pierced the fleeing serpent"
Job 27:7
Let my enemy be like a wicked man
How he wants his enemy to be like a wicked person can be stated clearly. Alternate Translation: "Let my enemy be punished like a wicked man" or "Let God punish my enemy as he punishes wicked people"
Job 27:7
let him who rises up against me be like an unrighteous man
How he wants this person to be like an unrighteous man can be stated clearly. Alternate Translation: "let him who rises up against me be punished like an unrighteous man"
Job 27:15
Those who survive him
This refers to the wicked man's children. This can be stated clearly. Alternate Translation: "Those who continue to live after their wicked father dies"
Job 28:4
He hangs far away from people
How and where he hangs can be stated clearly. Alternate Translation: "Far away from people, he hangs from a rope in the shaft"
Job 28:15
It cannot be gotten for gold
This can be stated in active form. This implies that wisdom is worth much more than gold. Alternate Translation: "People cannot pay for wisdom with gold"
Job 28:15
neither can silver be weighed as its price
This implies that wisdom is worth much more than silver. It can be stated in active form. Alternate Translation: "and people cannot weigh out enough silver to pay for wisdom"
Job 28:15
It cannot be valued with ... sapphire
This implies that wisdom is much more valuable than the gold of Ophir, precious onyx and sapphire.
Job 28:16
It cannot be valued with ... sapphire
This implies that wisdom is much more valuable than the gold of Ophir, precious onyx and sapphire.
Job 28:18
No mention is worth making of coral or jasper
It is not worth making mention of coral and jasper. This implies that wisdom is worth so much more than coral and jasper that there is no need for Job to say anything about them. Alternate Translation: "I will not bother to mention coral or jasper" or "Coral and jasper are worthless compared to wisdom"
Job 29:24
I smiled on them
It can be stated clearly that the purpose of smiling was to encourage them. Alternate Translation: "I smiled on them to encourage them"
Job 29:25
like one who comforts mourners
This phrase means that Job actually was one who comforted people. Alternate Translation: "I comforted them when they mourned"
Job 30:1
whose fathers I would have refused to allow to work beside the dogs of my flock
This shows how much he despised those fathers. They were not even good enough to be with his dogs. Alternate Translation: "whose fathers I despised and would not have allowed to work beside the dogs of my flock"
Job 30:1
the dogs of my flock
The dogs' relationship to the flock can be stated clearly. Alternate Translation: "the dogs that guarded my flock"
Job 31:1
I have made a covenant with my eyes
What job promised can be stated clearly. Alternate Translation: "I made a promise that I will not look lustfully on a virgin" or "I promised that I will not look lustfully on a virgin"
Job 31:4
Does not God see my ways and count all my steps?
Job may be implying that God should know that Job is righteous and does not deserve calamity and disaster.
Job 31:9
if I have lain in wait at my neighbor's door
It can be stated clearly why he was waiting at his neighbor's door. Alternate Translation: "if I have waited at my neighbor's door so I could sleep with his wife"
Job 31:35
let the Almighty answer me!
Here an answer probably refers to telling Job what wrong he accuses Job of doing. Alternate Translation: "let the Almighty tell me what I have done wrong" or "I wish the Almighty would say what I have done wrong"
Job 32:2
he justified himself rather than God
This means that he considered himself innocent and believed God had been wrong to punish him. Alternate Translation: "he justified himself and claimed that God had been wrong to punish him"
Job 33:19
with pain on his bed
This means that the person is experiencing such pain that he must lie in bed. Alternate Translation: "with pain so that he must lie in bed"
Job 33:24
I have found a ransom for him
This means that the angel has found a way to pay for the sins of the man so that he does not have to die. Alternate Translation: "for I have found a way for you to keep him from dying"
Job 34:14
his spirit and his breath
The "spirit" and "breath" of God are what makes all living things alive. Alternate Translation: "his spirit and breath which give us life"
Job 34:15
mankind would return to dust again
This means that all people would die and their bodies would decay and become soil. In the beginning God created man from the dust. Alternate Translation: "the bodies of mankind would soon become soil again"
Job 34:21
he sees all his steps
This means that he always knows where the person is and where he is going. Alternate Translation: "he sees him wherever he goes"
Job 34:24
for their ways that need no further investigation
He does not need to investigate what they have done because he already knows everything about them. Alternate Translation: "without needing to do further investigation, because he already knows their ways"
Job 34:24
he puts others in their places
This means that he appoints other people to rule in their positions. Alternate Translation: "and he chooses other people to rule in their places"
Job 34:26
he kills them
This speaks of God causing these people to die, though he does not actually strike them with a sword himself. He may cause someone else to kill them or disaster to come upon them. Alternate Translation: "he causes them to die"
Job 34:37
he adds rebellion
This refers to rebellion against God. Alternate Translation: "he adds rebellion against God"
Job 34:37
he claps his hands in mockery in our midst
In this accusation, this means that Job clapped his hands to strengthen his mockery of God. Alternate Translation: "he claps his hands as he mocks God in our midst" or "he mocks God right in front of us"
Job 36:27
that he distills as rain from his vapor
The word "distills" can also mean "refine" or "filter." Elihu describes how God turns the drops of water, or vapor, that he draws up into rain. Alternate Translation: "that he turns into rain"
Job 37:9
The storm comes from its chamber in the south and the cold from the scattering winds in the north
In Israel, strong wind storms blow in from the south and cold weather approaches from the north.
Job 37:13
sometimes for his land
This means that the rain waters the ground and causes vegetation to grow. Alternate Translation: "sometimes to water the land"
Job 37:17
because the wind comes from the south
In Israel, hot winds blow in across the desert from the south and cause hot temperatures. Alternate Translation: "because of the hot, dry wind blowing in from the south"
Job 38:11
You may come this far, but no farther
The words "this far" mean only as far as the boundary that Yahweh set up. Alternate Translation: "You may come as far as this boundary, but no farther"
Job 38:27
to satisfy
The implied information is that it is the rain that meets the needs of the land to grow grass. Alternate Translation: "so that the rain can satisfy the needs of"
Job 38:40
to lie in wait
The implied information is that the lions are hiding and waiting for their prey to come near. Alternate Translation: "to lie waiting for a victim"
Job 38:41
cry out to God
The implied information is that the ravens are crying out for food. Alternate Translation: "cry to God for help" or "cry out for God to give them food"
Job 39:16
might have been in vain
If the chicks die, all of her work was useless. Alternate Translation: "might have been useless if the chicks die"
Job 39:18
she laughs ... its rider
It is implied that she laughs because she is faster than the horse. Alternate Translation: "she laughs ... its rider because she can run faster than the horse"
Job 39:21
He paws
The word "He" refers to the horse. The horse paws the ground because he is very excited to begin the fight. Alternate Translation: "He paws with excitement and"
Job 39:24
at the trumpet's sound
It can be stated that someone blows the trumpet. Alternate Translation: "when someone blows a trumpet to announce that a battle has begun"
Job 39:25
the thunderous shouts
It is implied that the horse hears these things. Alternate Translation: "he hears the thunderous shouts"
Job 39:30
there he is
It can be made explicit that he comes to eat the dead bodies. Alternate Translation: "he is there to eat them"
Job 42:3
conceals plans
That is, hides or misrepresents God's plans.
Psa 1:4
The wicked are not so
How they are not like that can be stated clearly. "The wicked are not prosperous" or "The wicked do not prosper"
Psa 2:2
take their stand together ... conspire together
These phrases mean the same thing, implying that the leaders stand together in order to fight against Yahweh and his Messiah. This can be stated explicitly. Alternate Translation: "gather to fight ... plan together to revolt"
Psa 2:4
sits in the heavens
Here sitting represents ruling. What he sits on can be stated clearly. Alternate Translation: "rules in the heavens" or "sits on his throne in heaven"
Psa 2:4
the Lord mocks them
the Lord mocks those people. Why he mocks them can be stated clearly. Alternate Translation: "The Lord mocks them for their foolish plans"
Psa 2:7
I will announce a decree of Yahweh. He
The person saying this is the king. This can be stated clearly. Alternate Translation: "The king says, 'I will announce a decree of Yahweh.' He"
Psa 4:4
Tremble in fear
The relationship between "tremble" and "fear" and who people should fear can be stated clearly. Alternate Translation: "Fear Yahweh so much that you tremble" or "Stand in awe of Yahweh"
Psa 5:1
Listen to my call to you
This is a call for help. Alternate Translation: "Listen to me as I call to you for help"
Psa 7:11
a God who is indignant each day
Who God is angry with can be stated explicitly. Alternate Translation: "a God who is angry with the wicked every day"
Psa 9:12
For the God who avenges bloodshed remembers
What he remembers can be stated clearly. Alternate Translation: "For the God who avenges bloodshed remembers those who were killed" or "For God remembers those who were killed and he punishes the killers"
Psa 10:17
you have heard the needs of the oppressed
It is implied that the oppressed people cried out to God. Alternate Translation: "when oppressed people cried out to you, you listened to them tell you what they need"
Psa 14:5
God is with the righteous assembly
To say that "God is with" those who are righteous means that he helps them. This can be stated clearly in the translation. Alternate Translation: "God helps those who act righteously" or "God helps those who do the right things"
Psa 16:3
the holy people who are on the earth
Here "holy people" refers to God's own people who trust him. Alternate Translation: "your people who live in this land"
Psa 17:15
I will be satisfied, when I awake, with a sight of you
David believes that after he dies, he will be with Yahweh. This can be made clear in the translation. Alternate Translation: "After I die, I will be happy to wake up in your presence"
Psa 18:25
To anyone who is faithful
Here "faithful" means to do what God commands one to do. You can state this clearly. Alternate Translation: "to those who faithfully obey your commandments" or "to those who faithfully do your covenant"
Psa 18:45
foreigners came trembling
Here "trembling" shows that they were very afraid. This can be stated clearly in the translation. Alternate Translation: "foreigners came shaking, showing that they were very afraid"
Psa 18:49
among the nations
Here the writer means that he will give thanks to Yahweh so that all people will hear of Yahweh's greatness. Alternate Translation: "so all the nations will hear about it"
Psa 19:6
to the other
Here "other" refers to the other horizon. This can be stated clearly in the translation. Alternate Translation: "to the other horizon"
Psa 21:1
in the salvation you provide
It is implied that God has saved the king from his enemies. The abstract noun "salvation" can be stated as a verb. Alternate Translation: "because you have saved him from his enemies"
Psa 21:12
you will draw your bow before them
This implies that he actually shoots his arrows at his enemies.
Psa 22:9
For you
The writer uses the word "For" to begin explaining why he is confused and asking God why he is not coming to help.
Psa 22:10
you are my God
This implies that Yahweh has always taken care of the writer. Alternate Translation: "you, God, have taken care of me"
Psa 22:24
he heard
he listened. It is implied that he responded when he heard their cry. Alternate Translation: "he answered" or "he helped"
Psa 22:25
I will fulfill my vows
This refers to sacrifices the writer promised to offer to God.
Psa 22:26
The oppressed will eat and be satisfied
This refers to the fellowship meal which occurs after the writer offers to God the sacrifices that he promised. He will invite those who were suffering to eat a part of the animal he sacrificed.
Psa 25:3
May no one who hopes in you be disgraced
Do not let those who hope in you be disgraced. Disgrace could come from being defeated by their enemies. This can be stated in active form. Alternate Translation: "Do not let enemies defeat those who hope in you"
Psa 27:7
answer me
This implies that Yahweh hears the writer's prayer and Yahweh will do what the writer asks. Alternate Translation: "answer my prayer" or "do what I request of you"
Psa 28:5
they do not understand the deeds of Yahweh
It is implied that "do not understand" means they ignore or do not honor Yahweh's works. Alternate Translation: "they do not regard with honor what Yahweh has done"
Psa 29:2
Bow down to Yahweh
The implied information is that the people were to bow down in worship. Alternate Translation: "Bow down to worship Yahweh"
Psa 34:1
before Abimelech
This refers to a specific historical event that the Hebrews knew well. Alternate Translation: "when he was in Abimelech's house" or "when he was Abimelech's prisoner"
Psa 35:21
They open their mouths wide against me
The reason they open their mouths is to accuse the writer. Alternate Translation: "They shout at me in order to accuse me"
Psa 35:22
You have seen it
Here "it" refers to the false accusations of the writer's enemies. Alternate Translation: "You have seen how they falsely accused me"
Psa 35:25
we have what we wanted
It is implied that the writer's enemies wanted him to be declared guilty. Alternate Translation: "he has been declared guilty just as we desired"
Psa 37:13
his day is coming
It is implied that "his day" will be a day of judgment. Alternate Translation: "the day is coming when Yahweh will judge and punish him" or "the day is coming when Yahweh will judge and punish the wicked person"
Psa 37:32
watches the righteous person
Here the watching implies observing the righteous in order to do them harm. Alternate Translation: "waits in ambush for the righteous person"
Psa 38:5
My wounds are infected and smell
Here "smell" refer to his sores having a bad smell that is associated with rotting flesh. Alternate Translation: "My wounds are infected and stink as they rot"
Psa 39:6
although they do not know who will receive them
Here it is implied that they do not know what will happen to their wealth after they die. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit.
Psa 40:7
the scroll of the document
This refers to a scroll on which was written the word of Yahweh. Alternate Translation: "the written scroll"
Psa 41:8
now that he is lying down, he will rise up no more
Here the words "lying down" refer to lying in bed because of illness. That he will not "rise up" means that he will continue to lie down, which is a euphemism for death. Alternate Translation: "now that he is sick in bed, he will die there"
Psa 41:11
By this I know that you delight in me, for my enemy does not triumph over me
This can also be translated in future tense, since Yahweh has not yet healed him. Alternate Translation: "If you enable me to do that, with the result that my enemies do not defeat me, I will know that you are pleased with me"
Psa 42:6
the land of the Jordan
This is probably a reference to northern Israel, where the Jordan river originates. Alternate Translation: "the land where the Jordan river begins"
Psa 45:3
Put your sword on your side
Warriors carried their swords in a sheath that hung from a belt around their waist. The sword would rest against their side. This phrase describes an action of someone preparing for battle. Alternate Translation: "Prepare yourself for battle"
Psa 45:9
the queen
This is a reference to the woman who will become queen. Alternate Translation: "your bride, the queen" or "your bride, who will be the queen"
Psa 45:13
The royal daughter
This is a reference to the woman whom the king will marry. Alternate Translation: "The king's bride"
Psa 46:3
mountains tremble with their swelling
The phrase "their swelling" refers to the waters of the sea as they rise and crash against the mountains. Alternate Translation: "the swelling waters cause the mountains to tremble"
Psa 46:4
the holy place where the Most High dwells
This phrase describes "the city of God." Alternate Translation: "the holy place where the Most High lives"
Psa 46:10
Be quiet
In this context, these words are likely a command to the nations to stop their wars. Alternate Translation: "Stop fighting"
Psa 47:1
Clap your hands
Clapping your hands is associated with celebration. Alternate Translation: "Clap your hands in celebration"
Psa 48:8
As we have heard
It is implied that what they have heard is the great things that God has done in the past. Alternate Translation: "As we have heard about the great things that God has done"
Psa 48:8
so have we seen
This means that they have seen the proof that the things that they have heard are true. Alternate Translation: "so we have seen God do great things now"
Psa 49:6
those who trust in their wealth
These people trust their wealth will keep them from having to suffer.
Psa 49:7
no one can redeem his brother or give God a ransom for him
Both of these phrases express that a person cannot give God enough money to be able to avoid death. Alternate Translation: "no one can pay money to God so that their brother will not die"
Psa 50:21
you thought that I was someone just like yourself
Since God had kept silent and not yet rebuked the wicked people for their actions, they thought that God approved of what they did. Alternate Translation: "you thought that I was someone who acts just like you do"
Psa 51:1
when Nathan the prophet came to him
It can be stated clearly what Nathan did when he came to David, because this psalm is in response to that. Alternate Translation: "when Nathan the prophet came to David and rebuked him"
Psa 51:16
you do not delight in sacrifice ... you have no pleasure in burnt offerings
This means that God wants something more important than these things. Alternate Translation: "A sacrifice is not enough to please you ... you want something more than burn offerings"
Psa 55:19
humiliate them
How God will humiliate them can be stated clearly. Alternate Translation: "will defeat and humiliate them"
Psa 56:7
Do not let them escape doing iniquity
What they might escape can be sued clearly. Alternate Translation: "Do not let them escape your punishment for their iniquity" or "Do not let them escape when you punish them for the wicked things they do"
Psa 56:9
God is for me
This means that God favors him. In this context it implies that God fights against the psalmist's enemies in order to protect him. Alternate Translation: "God is fighting for me"
Psa 57:7
I will sing praises
Who he will sing to can be stated clearly. Alternate Translation: "I will sing praises to you, God"
Psa 57:8
Wake up, my honored heart
It can be stated clearly that the purpose of waking up is to sing praises to God. Waking up may be a metaphor for starting or preparing to do something. The heart represents the psalmist or his emotions. Alternate Translation: "Wake up, my honored heart, to sing praises to God" or "I will prepare my honored heart to sing praises to God" or "I am honored to wake up and sing praises to God"
Psa 57:8
wake up, lute and harp
It can be stated clearly that the purpose of waking up is to sing praises to God. The psalmist speaks as though the lute and harp were people who could wake up to sing praises to God. Alternate Translation: "Wake up, lute and harp, and sing praises to God" or "I will play the lute and harp while I sing praises to God"
Psa 58:5
no matter how skillful they are
What the snake charmers were skillful at can be stated clearly. Alternate Translation: "no matter how skillful the charmers are at controlling snakes"
Psa 59:4
and see
What he wants God to see can be stated clearly. Alternate Translation: "and see what is happening to me" or "and see what they are doing to me"
Psa 59:6
go around the city
Why they go around the city can be stated clearly. Alternate Translation: "go around the city to attack anyone they find"
Psa 59:10
My God will meet me with his covenant faithfulness
This phrase implies that God will come to him in order to save him. The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated with an adjective. Alternate Translation: "My God, who is faithful to his covenant, will come to save me" or "My God will come to save me because he is faithful to his covenant"
Psa 61:7
He will remain before God forever
Here "to remain before God" means to be in God's presence or to be with God. This can be stated clearly in the translation. Alternate Translation: "God will be with him forever" or "God will be with the king forever"
Psa 63:9
will go down into the lowest parts of the earth
This means they will die and go to the place of the dead. This can be stated clearly in the translation. Alternate Translation: "will die and descend into the place of the dead" or "will die and go down into the place of the dead"
Psa 63:10
they will become food for the jackals
Here "they" refers to the corpses of those who die in battle. Alternate Translation: "jackals will eat their dead bodies"
Psa 63:11
the king will
David is speaking about himself. This can be stated clearly in the translation. Alternate Translation: "I, the king of Israel, will"
Psa 66:6
He turned the sea into dry land; they went through the river on foot
This refers to the crossing of the Red Sea.
Psa 66:18
would not have listened to me
Here "would not have listened" implies that God would not have answered his prayer. This can be made clear in the translation. Alternate Translation: "would not have heard me call out to him" or "he would not have answered my prayer"
Psa 66:20
or his covenant faithfulness from me
The phrase "has not turned away" is understood from the previous phrase and can be repeated here. The idea of "his covenant faithfulness" can be translated with the phrase "being faithful to his covenant." Alternate Translation: "and has not turned away his covenant faithfulness from me" or "and has not stopped being faithful to his covenant with me"
Psa 68:21
the hairy scalps
It seems to have been the custom for soldiers not to cut their hair during the time of war. Alternate Translation: "the long-haired skulls"
Psa 68:31
Princes will come out of Egypt
It is implied that these princes come from Egypt in order to offer gifts to God in Jerusalem. Alternate Translation: "Then the leaders of Egypt will bring gifts to you"
Psa 69:31
better than an ox or a bull
It is understood that the ox and the bull are to be offered to God as sacrifices. Alternate Translation: "better than sacrificing an ox or sacrificing a bull"
Psa 71:10
watch for my life
It is implied that they are watching for an opportunity to take his life. The euphemism "to take a life" means to kill. Alternate Translation: "watch for an opportunity to take my life" or "wait for an opportunity to kill me"
Psa 71:11
They say
This can be translated to make explicit that they are talking about him. Alternate Translation: "They say about me"
Psa 71:17
taught me
The implied information may be stated clearly. "taught me many things"
Psa 73:8
They mock
Whom they mock can be stated clearly. Alternate Translation: "They mock God and his people"
Psa 74:13
You divided ... in the waters
Asaph is probably speaking of the time God brought Israel out of Egypt, divided the Sea of Reeds, led Israel through it on dry land, then drowned Pharaoh's army.
Psa 75:7
he brings down and he lifts up
The objects of the verbs can be stated clearly: "he brings some people down and he lifts other people up." The words "brings down" and "raises up" are metaphors for God making people powerful and taking away their power. Alternate Translation: "he makes one man king in place of another man" or "he takes away one man's power and gives power to another man"
Psa 78:9
were armed with bows
The soldiers probably also had arrows. Alternate Translation: "had bows and arrows for weapons"
Psa 78:70
from the sheepfolds
from where he was working in the sheepfolds [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]
Psa 80:1
you who sit above the cherubim
You may need to make explicit that the cherubim are those on the lid of the ark of the covenant. The biblical writers often spoke of the ark of the covenant as if it were Yahweh's footstool upon which he rested his feet as he sat on his throne in heaven above. Alternate Translation: "you who sit on your throne above the cherubim on the ark of the covenant"
Psa 80:14
Turn back
The writer wants God to turn back in order to help them. This can be stated explicitly. Alternate Translation: "Turn back to us" or "Come and help us again"
Psa 81:5
when he went against the land of Egypt
This refers to the historical events in Egypt when the people of Israel were enslaved and God rescued them.
Psa 81:7
I answered you from a dark thundercloud
When God came to the Israelites, he hid the fullness of his presence and glory in a dark and threatening cloud.
Psa 81:7
I tested you at the waters of Meribah
God tested the children of Israel to see if they would trust him to supply water in the desert of Meribah.
Psa 81:16
honey out of the rock
This refers to wild honey. Bees would build hives in the holes in rocks and make the honey there.
Psa 83:8
the descendants of Lot
This refers to the people of the nations of Moab and Ammon. You can make clear the understood information.
Psa 83:9
Do to them ... for the earth
The writer is asking God to defeat Israel's enemies as he has done in the past.
Psa 83:10
Do to them ... for the earth
The writer is asking God to defeat Israel's enemies as he has done in the past.
Psa 83:11
General Information:
The writer continues to remind God of other enemies he has defeated for Israel in the past.
Psa 86:8
among the gods
The writer is not acknowledging these other gods exist. He is referring to false gods that people from other nations worship.
Psa 89:3
I have made a covenant with my chosen one
You can make explicit that "chosen one" refers to David. Alternate Translation: "I made a promise to David, the one I chose"
Psa 89:10
You crushed Rahab as one who is killed
The word "Rahab" here refers to a monster of the sea.
Psa 89:15
who worship you
Here the word "worship" implies shouting and blowing horns. These were common acts of worship during Israelite festivals.
Psa 89:17
You are their
Here "their" refers to the Israelites. The writer would have included himself as a member of the Israelites. Alternate Translation: "You are our"
Psa 89:19
General Information:
The writer assumes that the reader knows the history of how David became the chosen king.
Psa 89:40
You have broken down all his walls. You have ruined his strongholds
This implies that God allowed enemies to destroy the defenses at Jerusalem. Alternate Translation: "You have allowed enemies to break down his walls and ruin his strongholds in Jerusalem"
Psa 90:3
You return man to dust
This implies that just as God created the first man, Adam, from the soil, God will cause people's bodies to turn back into soil after they die. Alternate Translation: "You return people to dust when they die"
Psa 90:16
Let your servants
Here "your servants" refer to the people of Israel. Alternate Translation: "Let us, your servants" or "Let us"
Psa 91:15
I will be with him in trouble
This can be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "I will be with him when he is in trouble"
Psa 94:3
will the wicked rejoice
Why the wicked rejoice can be stated clearly. Alternate Translation: "will the wicked rejoice because you never punish them for the evil deeds they do"
Psa 94:4
all those who do evil boast
The translation can make explicit that these people boast about their evil actions. Alternate Translation: "all those who do evil boast about their evil deeds"
Psa 96:9
Bow down to Yahweh
The implied information is that the people were to bow down in worship. Alternate Translation: "Bow down to worship Yahweh"
Psa 96:11
that which fills it shout with joy
The implied information is that this refers to all the creatures living in the sea. They are spoken of as if they should shout with joy like people might do. Alternate Translation: "the sea creatures shout joyfully"
Psa 99:1
He sits enthroned above the cherubim
You may need to make explicit that the cherubim are those on the lid of the ark of the covenant. The biblical writers often spoke of the ark of the covenant as if it were Yahweh's footstool upon which he rested his feet as he sat on his throne in heaven above. Alternate Translation: "He sits on his throne above the cherubim on the ark of the covenant"
Psa 99:5
worship at his footstool
Here the word "footstool" likely refers to the ark of the covenant, which the biblical writers often spoke of as if it were Yahweh's footstool upon which he rested his feet as he sat on his throne in heaven above. The translation can make explicit that the people are to worship Yahweh. Alternate Translation: "worship Yahweh at his footstool" or "worship Yahweh before his throne in the temple"
Psa 101:8
from the city of Yahweh
David is referring to the city that he is in as "the city of Yahweh." This can be made clear. Alternate Translation: "from this city, which is Yahweh's city"
Psa 102:9
mix my drink with tears
David did not purposefully mix his drink with tears; rather his tear would have fallen into his cup while he mourned and wept. Alternate Translation: "my tears fall into the cup that I drink"
Psa 102:14
hold her stones dear
The "stones" refer to the stones that were part of the city walls before they were destroyed. Alternate Translation: "still love the stones that were formerly in the city walls"
Psa 103:6
all who are oppressed
Who is doing the oppressing can be stated explicitly. Alternate Translation: "all who are oppressed by men"
Psa 103:14
he knows that we are dust
When Yahweh created Adam the first man he created him from dust. Alternate Translation: "he remembers that he created us from dust"
Psa 104:11
the wild donkeys quench their thirst
It can be stated clearly that they quench their thirst by drinking the water. Alternate Translation: "the wild donkeys drink the water to quench their thirst"
Psa 104:17
There the birds make their nests
They makes their nests in the cedars. This can be stated clearly. Alternate Translation: "The birds make their nests in the cedars"
Psa 104:28
When you give to them, they gather
It may be helpful to state that it is food that is given. Alternate Translation: "When you give food to them, they gather it"
Psa 104:28
when you open your hand
This describes Yahweh as opening his hand to give food to the creatures. Alternate Translation: "when you open your hand to feed them"
Psa 104:29
hide your face
This means that Yahweh does not look at them or pay attention to them. Alternate Translation: "when you do not look upon them" or "when you ignore them"
Psa 104:29
return to dust
This means that their bodies decay and are and become soil again. Alternate Translation: "their bodies decay and return to the ground"
Psa 105:12
were strangers in the land
It is implied that "the land" refers to Canaan. Alternate Translation: "were foreigners in the land of Canaan"
Psa 105:17
He sent a man ahead of them; Joseph
It may be helpful to state that he sent him ahead of them to Egypt. Alternate Translation: "He sent a man ahead of them to Egypt; he sent Joseph who"
Psa 105:23
Then Israel came into Egypt
Here "Israel" refers to Jacob. Jacob also brought his family with him. Alternate Translation: "Then Israel and his family came into Egypt"
Psa 105:27
the land of Ham
Ham was an ancestor of the people of Egypt. Alternate Translation: "the land of Ham's descendants"
Psa 105:37
He brought the Israelites out with silver and gold
When the Israelites left Egypt they took silver and gold with them. Alternate Translation: "He brought the Isrealites out of Egypt with silver and gold in their possession"
Psa 105:39
made a fire to light up the night
Yahweh placed a pillar of fire in the sky to give light during the night. Alternate Translation: "placed a fire it the sky to light up the night"
Psa 105:40
he brought quail
It may be helpful to make clear that quail are small birds Yahweh sent for them to eat. Alternate Translation: "Yahweh sent small birds to eat"
Psa 105:40
with bread from heaven
Yahweh caused manna, a type of bread, to fall from the sky. Alternate Translation: "with bread that fell from the sky"
Psa 106:13
they did not wait for his instructions
It is implied that they did things without waiting to find out what Yahweh wanted them to go. Alternate Translation: "they did things without first waiting for Yahweh's instructions"
Psa 106:16
In the camp
This refers to the Israelites' camp in the wilderness. Alternate Translation: "In the camp in the wilderness"
Psa 106:19
They made a calf at Horeb and worshiped a cast metal figure
This information can be reordered so that it is clear that the calf was the cast metal figure. Alternate Translation: "At Horeb, they made a cast metal figure of a calf and worshiped it"
Psa 106:20
They traded the glory of God for the image of a bull
This means that instead of worshiping God they worshiped the image of the bull. Alternate Translation: "They traded worshiping the glory of God to worship the image of a bull"
Psa 106:30
Then Phinehas rose to intervene
Phinehas intervened among the people, punishing them for their sin. This can be made clear. Alternate Translation: "Then Phinehas rose to intervene among the people because of their sin"
Psa 106:39
in their actions they were like prostitutes
Here David compares their unfaithfulness to Yahweh to the unfaithfulness of a prostitute. Alternate Translation: "they were as unfaithful to Yahweh as prostitutes"
Psa 107:6
Then they called out to Yahweh in their trouble
It is implied that they are praying to Yahweh so that he will help them. Alternate Translation: "Then they prayed to Yahweh to help them in their trouble"
Psa 107:10
Some sat
It is implied that these are people that Yahweh has rescued. Alternate Translation: "Yahweh also rescued people who sat"
Psa 107:12
they stumbled and there was no one to help them up
The word "stumbled" refers to times when these people got into very difficult situations. Alternate Translation: "they got into trouble and there was no one to help them out of it"
Psa 107:13
Then they called out to Yahweh in their trouble
It is implied that they are praying to Yahweh so that he will help them. See how you translated this in [Psalms 107:6](./006.md). Alternate Translation: "Then they prayed to Yahweh to help them in their trouble"
Psa 107:17
and afflicted
and they suffered. Specifically they were afflicted by becoming sick. Alternate Translation: "and they became sick"
Psa 107:19
Then they called out to Yahweh in their trouble
It is implied that they are praying to Yahweh so that he will help them. See how you translated this in [Psalms 107:6](./006.md). Alternate Translation: "Then they prayed to Yahweh to help them in their trouble"
Psa 107:23
and do business overseas
They would sail to places and buy and sell things with the people there. Alternate Translation: "selling things in cities far away"
Psa 107:28
Then they called out to Yahweh in their trouble
It is implied that they are praying to Yahweh so that he will help them. See how you translated this in [Psalms 107:6](./006.md). Alternate Translation: "Then they prayed to Yahweh to help them in their trouble"
Psa 107:40
the leaders
the nobles. This refers to the leaders who oppressed the people. Alternate Translation: "the leaders who oppressed them"
Psa 109:4
they accuse me
The word "they" refers to the people who are wicked and deceitful. You may need to make explicit that those who accuse the psalmist do so falsely. Alternate Translation: "they accuse me falsely" or "they slander me"
Psa 109:16
this man never bothered to show any covenant faithfulness
This refers to him showing covenant faithfulness to people. The abstract noun "faithfulness" can be translated with an adjective. Alternate Translation: "this man never bothered to show any covenant faithfulness to people" or "this man never did anything to show that he was faithful to his covenant"
Psa 109:18
like water
This refers to how a person drinks water. Alternate Translation: "like water a person drinks"
Psa 109:18
like oil into his bones
This refers to how oil soaks into bones when rubbed on the skin. Alternate Translation: "like olive oil soaks into a person's bones when it is rubbed on his skin"
Psa 109:24
My knees are weak
This means that he is weak and it is difficult for him to stand. Alternate Translation: "I have difficulty standing" or "My body is weak"
Psa 110:2
Yahweh will hold out the scepter of your strength
Here David speaks of Yahweh extending the area that the king rules as holding out his scepter. Alternate Translation: "Yahweh will extend the area over which you powerfully rule"
Psa 110:3
on the day of your power
This refers to the day that the king will lead his armies into battle. This can be stated clearly. Alternate Translation: "on the day that you lead your armies into battle"
Psa 110:4
will not change
This means that he will not change what he has said. Alternate Translation: "will not change his mind" or "will not change what he has said"
Psa 110:5
kings
This refers to his enemies. Alternate Translation: "enemy kings"
Psa 110:5
on the day of his anger
Here David speaks of the day when Yahweh will become angry and defeat the kings as "the day of his anger." Alternate Translation: "on the day of judgment when his patience turns to anger"
Psa 110:7
He will drink of the brook along the road
The king only stops briefly for a drink and then he continues the pursuit of his enemies. Alternate Translation: "As he pursues his enemies, he will only stop to drink quickly from a brook"
Psa 115:5
Those idols have mouths
The idols do not have real mouths, eyes, ears, or noses. Rather, people made them with the likeness of mouths, eyes, ears, and noses. The writer is emphasizing that these idols are not really alive. You can make clear the implied information. Alternate Translation: "People have given mouths to those idols"
Psa 115:7
Those idols have hands
The idols do not have real hands, feet, or mouths. Rather, people made them with the likeness of hands, feet, and mouths. The writer is emphasizing that these idols are not really alive. You can make this implicit information clear. Alternate Translation: "People have given hands to those idols"
Psa 115:8
Those who make them are like them, as is everyone who trusts in them
Those who make and worship idols become lifeless and powerless, just like those idols. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate Translation: "Those who make them become lifeless like they are, as does everyone who trusts in them"
Psa 115:14
May Yahweh increase your numbers more and more
The writer is speaking of the number of children that the people of Israel would have. Alternate Translation: "May Yahweh increase the number of your children more and more"
Psa 116:13
I will raise the cup of salvation
This is probably a reference to a drink offering, which was a sacrifice that involved pouring wine on the altar, and which the writer will offer in response to Yahweh saving him. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "I will present a drink offering to Yahweh because he saved me"
Psa 116:15
Precious in the sight of Yahweh is the death of his saints
The word "Precious" here does not imply that Yahweh values the death of his saints, but that the death of his saints is costly to him and grieves him. Here sight represents judgment or evaluation. Alternate Translation: "Yahweh considers the death of his saints to be a costly thing"
Psa 116:16
the son of your servant woman
This is likely a reference to the writer's mother and indicates that she faithfully worshiped Yahweh. The full meaning of this can be made clear. Alternate Translation: "as my mother was"
Psa 118:7
I will look in triumph on those who hate me
It is implied that Yahweh is the one who will defeat the writer's enemies, while the writer looks on. The full meaning of this can be made clear. Alternate Translation: "I will see Yahweh defeating all those who hate me"
Psa 118:19
Open to me the gates of righteousness
Open to me the gates through which the righteous people enter. This is a reference to the gates of the temple, and the writer is addressing the gatekeepers. The full meaning of this can be made clear. Alternate Translation: "Open for me the temple gates"
Psa 119:38
your servant
The writer referred to himself as God's servant to show his humility. Alternate Translation: "me, your servant"
Psa 119:52
from ancient times
This is a reference to when the decrees, the Law, were given to Moses many years before.
Psa 119:57
Yahweh is my portion
This means Yahweh is all he wants. Just as the Levites did not receive vast territories of land for the Lord was to be their portion so the writer claims Yahweh as the satisfier of his needs.
Psa 119:93
for through them you have kept me alive
It is implied that the writer obeys God's instructions. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "for you have kept me alive because I obey them"
Psa 119:120
I am afraid of your righteous decrees
It is implied that the writer is afraid of God's righteous decrees because the writer knows that God punishes those who disobey his decrees. You can make the full meaning of this statement explicit.
Psa 125:5
lead them away
People are lead away in order to punish them. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate Translation: "lead them away to punish them"
Psa 132:6
we heard about it in Ephrathah
The word "it" probably refers to where God's sacred chest was. The phrase "in Ephrathah" probably refers to where they were when they heard about it. This can be stated clearly. Alternate Translation: "we who were in Ephrathah heard about where the sacred chest was" or "we in Ephrathah heard that the holy box was in Jaar"
Psa 132:8
Arise, Yahweh, to your resting place
The verb "come" can be stated clearly. "Arise, Yahweh, and come to your resting place"
Psa 139:23
Examine me
This is a request for God to tell the psalmist about any sinful thoughts that he may have. Alternate Translation: "Please search me" or "I beg you to search me"
Psa 142:3
you know my path
you know the path I should take. The psalmist speaks as if what a person does were a path that that person walked along. Alternate Translation: "you know the way I should live"
Psa 146:4
he returns to the ground
This means that just as God made the first human, Adam, from the soil, so will a person's body decay and become soil again when he dies.
Psa 149:5
on their beds
The translation can make explicit that this refers to when a person lies down at night to sleep in a bed. Alternate Translation: "as they lie down to sleep at night"
Pro 1:20
in the open places
This means places where there would be a lot of people. Alternate Translation: "in the markets" or "in the town squares"
Pro 3:8
It will be healing to your flesh
The word "it" refers to the instructions that the writer gives in the previous verse. The full meaning of this can be made clear. The word "flesh" represents the whole body. Alternate Translation: "If you do this, it will be healing for your body"
Pro 3:12
a son who pleases him
a son in whom he delights. This refers to the father's affection for the son, and not to the father's approval of the son's behavior. Alternate Translation: "a son whom he loves"
Pro 3:20
the depths broke open
In ancient thought, water existed under the earth. This phrase refers to Yahweh causing that water to come out of the earth and make the oceans and rivers exist. Alternate Translation: "he caused the rivers to flow" or "he caused the oceans to exist"
Pro 3:24
when you lie down
It is implied that a person lies down in order to sleep. The meaning of this can be made clear. Alternate Translation: "when you lie down to sleep"
Pro 3:31
Do not ... choose any of his ways
It is implied that he is not to choose to imitate the actions of the violent person. Alternate Translation: "Do not ... choose to imitate any of his ways"
Pro 3:32
he brings the upright person into his confidence
Yahweh shares his thoughts with the those who do right as with a close, trusted friend. Alternate Translation: "Yahweh is a close friend to the upright"
Pro 4:3
When I was a son of my father
This refers to the time when the writer was a child still living under his father's care. Alternate Translation: "When I was still a boy learning from my father"
Pro 6:1
set aside your money
Implied here is that your promise and the circumstances forced you to save up your money. Alternate Translation: "had to save up some of your money"
Pro 6:11
and your poverty will come
This can be stated as a new sentence to make clear that this is a result of being lazy. Alternate Translation: "If you continue to be lazy, your poverty will come" or "While you sleep, poverty will come"
Pro 7:22
He went after her suddenly
This seems to imply that the young man took very little time to think about what he should do. Alternate Translation: "He quickly decided to go after her"
Pro 7:23
until an arrow pierces through its liver
This passage implies that a hunter has trapped the deer in order to shoot it with arrows. Alternate Translation: "until a hunter shoots it in its most important part"
Pro 8:27
when he drew a circle on the surface of the deep
This refers to setting a limit to how far someone in a ship at sea can see all around himself. Alternate Translation: "when he marked on the ocean's surface how far a person at sea can see in every direction"
Pro 8:36
he who fails
The complete thought is, "he who fails to find me"
Pro 9:2
mixed her wine
In ancient Israel, people often mixed wine with water. Alternate Translation: "prepared her wine by mixing it with water"
Pro 9:5
the wine I have mixed
In ancient Israel, people often mixed wine with water. Alternate Translation: "prepared her wine by mixing it with water"
Pro 9:9
Give to a wise person
This refers to giving instruction to a wise person.
Pro 11:4
Wealth is worthless on the day of wrath
The "day of wrath" represents a specific event, such as the "day of Yahweh" or "judgment day" or "last days." Alternate Translation: "A person's wealth will do him no good when God comes to judge"
Pro 11:24
one who scatters
You may need to make explicit that the person scatters seeds for crops to grow. Alternate Translation: "one who scatters much seed"
Pro 15:12
he will not go to the wise
It is implied that he will not go to the wise to seek their counsel or advice. Alternate Translation: "he will not go to the wise to seek their counsel"
Pro 16:11
Honest scales come from Yahweh
Yahweh requires justice and fairness when doing business. Dishonest people used heavier or lighter weights in their scales in order to gain more when buying or selling.
Pro 16:29
A man of violence lies to his neighbor
It is implied that this man lies to his neighbor in order to get his neighbor to join him in violent actions. Alternate Translation: "A man of violence entices his neighbor"
Pro 16:29
a path that is not good
The writer uses an understatement to emphasize how bad this path is. Alternate Translation: "a very bad path" or "a terrible path"
Pro 17:3
The crucible is for silver and the furnace is for gold
This refers to how gold and silver are refined. A metal is refined by heating it to a high temperature so that it melts and the impurities may be removed. Alternate Translation: "The crucible is used to refine silver and the furnace is used to refine gold"
Pro 17:5
at misfortune
This refers to the misfortune of others. Alternate Translation: "at others' misfortune" or "at other peoples' troubles"
Pro 17:9
who repeats a matter
This refers to bringing up a past situation in which a friend was hurt or offended. Alternate Translation: "who repeats a past offense"
Pro 17:17
a brother is born for times of trouble
One of the purposes of a brother is to be there to help his brother or sister in times of trouble. Alternate Translation: "a brother is there for times of trouble"
Pro 17:19
causes bones to be broken
This means that someone will trip on the threshold and break bones, probably in their foot. Alternate Translation: "is sure to cause someone trip and break their the bones in their foot" or "is sure to cause someone to trip and injure himself"
Pro 17:27
uses few words
This refers to the way he speaks. Alternate Translation: "speaks with few words"
Pro 18:2
but only in revealing what is in his own heart
This means that the fool only finds pleasure in telling other people what he feels and desires in his heart. Alternate Translation: "but only in telling others what is in his own heart"
Pro 18:18
separates strong opponents
This refers to people who are fighting harshly over a dispute. When they are separated, they are no longer fighting over their dispute. Alternate Translation: "causes opponents to stop fighting over their dispute"
Pro 19:2
to have desire without knowledge
This refers to people trying to do something without the knowledge for how to correctly do it. Alternate Translation: "to work hard without knowing what you are doing"
Pro 19:4
Wealth adds many friends
This means that a person who is wealthy will have many friends because wealth attracts people. The full meaning of this can be made clear. Alternate Translation: "Those who are wealthy easily find many friends"
Pro 19:4
a poor person is separated from his friends
A poor person is separated from many of his friends because of his poverty. The meaning of this can be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "poverty causes a person to lose his friends"
Pro 19:7
how much more do his friends who go far away from him!
This phrase is an exclamation to show that this is more likely than the previous phrase. Alternate Translation: "therefore his friends will certainly hate him and go far away from him!"
Pro 19:18
while there is hope
This refers to while the child is young and will still accept discipline and instruction. The full meaning of this can be made clear. Alternate Translation: "while he is young" or "while he can still be taught"
Pro 19:18
and do not set your desire on putting him to death
Possible meanings are 1) this phrase describes punishing your child. Alternate Translation: "but do not punish him so severely that he might die" or 2) this phrase describes what it is like if you do not punish your child. Alternate Translation: "for if you do not punish him you are helping him destroy himself"
Pro 19:19
if you rescue him
if you save him. This refers to rescuing him when he has acted out of his anger. The meaning of this can be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "if you rescue him after he has had an outburst"
Pro 19:23
Honor for Yahweh leads people to life; anyone who has it will be satisfied
This means that they will live a long time if they honor Yahweh. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate Translation: "Those who honor Yahweh will live a long time; anyone who honors Yahweh will be satisfied"
Pro 19:24
he will not even bring it back up to his mouth
He does not bring his hand back to his mouth because he is too lazy. Alternate Translation: "but he is too lazy to bring his hand up to his mouth to feed himself"
Pro 19:26
brings shame and reproach
Possible meanings are 1) he brings it to himself. Alternate Translation: "brings shame and reproach to himself" or 2) he brings it to his family. Alternate Translation: "brings shame and reproach to his family"
Pro 20:4
but will have nothing
This means that there will be nothing growing in his field for him to harvest. Alternate Translation: "but will have nothing to harvest"
Pro 20:7
his sons who follow after him
This simply means that they "follow after him" since they are younger than he and his children. If this phrase is awkward in your language it may be left to be implied. Alternate Translation: "his sons after him" or "his sons"
Pro 20:14
Bad! Bad! says the buyer, but when he goes away he boasts
Here a buyer is criticizing what someone is selling to get a low price from him. After he buys he boasts about the good price that he pursuaded the seller to give him. The full meaning of this can be made clear. Alternate Translation: "'Bad! Bad!' says the buyer criticizing the seller's wares, but after he buys he goes away he boasting about the low price that he paid"
Pro 20:16
Take a garment of one who has put up security for a stranger
When lending money, the lender would take something from the borrower, such as a garment, as a guarantee of repayment. He would return it after the money was repaid. If the borrower was too poor, someone else could give something to the lender as a guarantee for him. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate Translation: "Take a garment as security from the one who guarantees that what a stranger has borrowed will be paid back"
Pro 20:21
at the beginning
This refers to a person receiving his inheritance before he is supposed to receive it. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate Translation: "before the right time"
Pro 20:25
making his vow
The person has made a vow declaring that something is holy and dedicated to Yahweh. Alternate Translation: "dedicating it to Yahweh" or "declaring it holy"
Pro 21:7
drag them away
This phrase refers to dragging a net through water to catch fish. The wicked being destroyed by their own actions is spoken of as if their actions trapped them in a net like one would catch fish. AT "drag them away like fish" or "destroy them as easily as one catches fish in a net"
Pro 21:9
a corner of the roof
Houses in those days had flat roofs. Ancient Israelites spent much time on their roofs, where it was often cooler than inside the house, and sometimes people would build a shelter large enough for a person to sleep in on one corner of the roof.
Pro 22:7
borrows ... lends
You may need to make explicit what it is that is borrowed or lent. Alternate Translation: "borrows money ... lends money"
Pro 25:7
It is better for him to say to you, "Come up here," than
Here "up" means to move to a place at the table that is closer to the king. It is a great honor for a person to sit closer to the king. Alternate Translation: "It is better for someone to invite you to sit closer to the king than"
Pro 25:20
sings songs
You may need to make explicit what kind of songs the singer sings. Alternate Translation: "sings happy songs"
Pro 25:24
a corner of the roof
Houses in those days had flat roofs. Ancient Israelites spent much time on their roofs, where it was often cooler than inside the house, and sometimes people would build a shelter large enough for a person to sleep in on one corner of the roof.
Pro 26:8
tying a stone in a sling
In order to throw a stone very far, people put it into a sling and swing the sling so that the stone will fly from it very quickly. The result of tying a stone in a sling can be stated clearly. Alternate Translation: "tying a stone in a sling so that it cannot be thrown"
Pro 26:17
Like one who takes hold of the ears of a dog
The implied information is that the dog will get angry and bite the person. Alternate Translation: "Like a person who angers a dog by grabbing its ears" or "Like a person who grabs a dog's ears and is bitten by the dog"
Pro 26:17
is a passerby who becomes angry at a dispute that is not his own
The implied information is that the passerby will start arguing, and the people who were fighting will get angry with him and hurt him.
Pro 26:21
As charcoal is to burning coals and wood is to fire
What charcoal does to coals and what wood does to fire can be stated clearly. Alternate Translation: "As charcoal helps coals burn and as wood helps fire burn"
Pro 26:27
Whoever digs a pit will fall into it
It is implied that the person digs the pit as a trap so that someone will fall into it. Alternate Translation: "Whoever digs a pit to trap someone will fall into it" or "If someone digs a pit in order to trap someone, the one who dug it will fall into it"
Pro 26:27
the stone will roll back on the one who pushed it
It is implied that the person pushed a large stone so that it would roll downhill and crush someone there. Alternate Translation: "if someone pushed a stone so that it would roll downhill and crush someone, the stone will roll back on him instead" or "if someone maked a stone roll so that it would hurt someone, the stone will crush him instead"
Pro 27:1
Do not boast about tomorrow
This is a warning not to brag about what you expect to happen tomorrow. This can be stated clearly. Alternate Translation: "Do not speak proudly about your plans for tomorrow"
Pro 27:6
but an enemy may kiss you profusely
It can be stated clearly that the enemy's kisses are not trustworthy. Alternate Translation: "but the enemy's many kisses are not trustworthy" or "but an enemy may try to deceive you by kissing you profusely" or
Pro 27:11
then I will give back an answer to the one who mocks me
Here "answer" does not mean to answer a question. It means to respond or to reply to someone who is mocking. How this relates to the clause before it can be made clear. AT "then I will reply to the one who mocks me by telling him about you"
Pro 27:13
Take a garment of one who has put up security for a stranger
When lending money, a lender would take something from the borrower, such as a garment, as a guarantee of repayment. He would return it after the money was repaid. If the borrower was too poor, someone else could give something to the lender as a guarantee for him. See how you translated this in [Proverbs 20:16](../20/16.md). Alternate Translation: "Take a garment as security from the one who guarantees that what a stranger has borrowed will be paid back"
Pro 27:15
the constant dripping
The implied information is that it is rain that is constantly dripping. Alternate Translation: "the constant dripping of rain"
Pro 27:16
restraining her
holding her back or "keeping her under control." The implied information is that it is trying to stop her from quarreling. Alternate Translation: "restraining her from quarreling"
Pro 27:21
A crucible is for silver and a furnace is for gold
This refers to how gold and silver are refined. A metal is refined by heating it to a high temperature so that it melts and the impurities may be removed. See how you translated the very similar phrase in [Proverbs 17:3](../17/03.md). Alternate Translation: "A crucible is used to refine silver and a furnace is used to refine gold"
Pro 27:26
Those lambs will provide your clothing
The implied information is that the wool (hair) from the lambs can be used to make clothing. Alternate Translation: "The lambs' wool will provide you with clothing"
Pro 27:26
the goats will provide the price of the field
The implied information is that the money received by selling the goats will be enough to buy a field. Alternate Translation: "selling your goats will provide the price of the field"
Pro 27:27
nourishment for your servant girls
The implied information is that there will also be enough goats' milk to feed the servant girls. Alternate Translation: "there will be goat's milk to nourish your servant girls"
Pro 28:2
with a man of understanding and knowledge
The implied information is that this man is a ruler or leader. The abstract nouns "understanding" and "knowledge" can be translated as verbs. Alternate Translation: "with a man who understands and knows how to rule"
Pro 28:5
understand everything
The implied information is that those who seek Yahweh understand all about justice. Alternate Translation: "completely understand what is just"
Pro 28:12
people are sought out
You may need to make explicit that those who "are sought out" have hidden themselves to escape from the wicked. This can be stated in active form. Alternate Translation: "they seek people out" or "they seek out the people who hide from them"
Pro 28:20
the one who gets rich quickly
The implied information is that this person gains wealth by unfaithful or dishonest means. Alternate Translation: "the one who tries to get rich quickly"
Pro 29:24
he hears the curse and says nothing
Possible meanings are 1) people have put the "one who shares with a thief" under oath to tell the truth about what he knows about what the thief stole, and he knows he will be punished if he tells the truth. Alternate Translation: "he does not dare to testify under oath" or 2) people do not know who the thief is but they call on God to curse the thief, and the "one who shares" is afraid to confess and so come out from under the curse because he is afraid of the thief. Alternate Translation: "he says nothing even after people have cursed him"
Ecc 1:13
under heaven
This refers to things that are done on earth. Alternate Translation: "on the earth"
Ecc 2:3
under heaven
This refers to things that are done on earth. Alternate Translation: "on the earth"
Ecc 2:8
the treasures of kings and provinces
This refers to the gold and other wealth that neighboring countries were forced to pay to the king of Israel. Alternate Translation: "that I acquired from the treasures of kings and the rulers of provinces"
Ecc 2:8
the delights of the children of humanity—and many concubines
This means that he had many concubines that he enjoyed sleeping with, as any man enjoys sleeping with women. Alternate Translation: "I greatly enjoyed many concubines, as would delight any man"
Ecc 2:9
than all who were before me in Jerusalem
This refers to all the previous rulers of Jerusalem. Alternate Translation: "than all the kings who had ruled before me in Jerusalem"
Ecc 3:20
Everything is going to the same place
This means that all people and all animals die and decay and become part of the soil. Alternate Translation: "Everything dies and goes to the same place"
Ecc 4:3
both of them
This refers to those who are dead and to those who are alive. Alternate Translation: "both those who are dead and those who are living"
Ecc 4:8
no son or brother
This person has no family. Alternate Translation: "he has no family"
Ecc 4:11
If two lie down together, they can be warm
The writer speaks of two people keeping each other warm on a cold night. Alternate Translation: "If two people lie down together at night, they can be warm"
Ecc 4:14
he was born poor in his kingdom
This means that he had poor parents. Alternate Translation: "he was born to poor parents who lived in the land that he will someday rule"
Ecc 5:4
do not delay to do it, for God has no pleasure in fools
It is implied that it is foolish to delay in fulfilling a vow that you have made to God. Alternate Translation: "do not foolishly delay in doing it, because God is not pleased with foolish people"
Ecc 5:16
as a person comes, so he goes away
This refers to the birth and death of a person and expresses the same idea as the previous verse. This refers to women as well as men. Alternate Translation: "as people bring nothing into the world when they are born, so they take nothing with them when they die and leave this world"
Ecc 6:6
he goes to the same place as everyone else
This means that he dies like all other people. Alternate Translation: "he dies and go to the same place as everyone else" or "he goes to the grave just like everyone else"
Ecc 7:23
All this have I proven
here the word "this" refers to all of the things the author has written about. Alternate Translation: "All this that I have already written about have I proven"
Ecc 9:9
Live happily with the wife whom you love
One should love the wife he has. Alternate Translation: "Since you have a wife whom you love, live happily with her"
Ecc 10:3
his thinking is deficient
This refers to the way that he acts. Alternate Translation: "he is stupid"
Ecc 10:8
a snake can bite him
This refers to a snake that was hiding inside the wall.
Ecc 10:16
begin feasting in the morning
This implies that the leaders are more concerned with having a good time than with leading the nation.
Ecc 10:17
king is the son of nobles
This implies that the son has been trained by his elders in the customs of being a good king. Alternate Translation: "king has trained by nobles"
Ecc 10:18
Because of laziness the roof sinks in
A lazy person does not keep up on the regular house maintenance. Alternate Translation: "Because a lazy person does not repair his house, the roof sinks in"
Ecc 12:4
when men are startled at the voice of a bird
It is implied that the voice of the birds startle the men awake. This can be stated in active form. Alternate Translation: "when the voice of a bird startles men awake"
Sng 4:2
coming up from the washing place
The ewes are coming up out of the water. Alternate Translation: "that are coming up out of the water after people have washed them"
Sng 5:2
Open to me
Possible meanings are 1) literal, "Open the door for me," or 2) metaphorical, "Let me make love to you."
Sng 5:10
is radiant and ruddy
This phrase refers to his complexion. Alternate Translation: "has radiant and ruddy skin"
Sng 6:1
gone, so that we may seek him with you?
The words "tell us" are understood from the context. They can be stated clearly Alternate Translation: "gone? Tell us, so that we can look for him with you."
Sng 6:6
coming up from the washing place
The ewes are coming up out of the water. See how you translated this in [Song of Songs 4:2](../04/02.md). Alternate Translation: "that are coming up out of the water after people have washed them"
Sng 7:1
How beautiful your feet appear in your sandals
It may be that the woman is dancing ([Song of Songs 6:13](../06/13.md)). Alternate Translation: "Your feet are so very beautiful in your sandals as you dance"
Sng 7:13
at the door
The doors belong to their house. Alternate Translation: "above the entrances of our house" or "by the doors of our house"
Sng 8:2
she who taught me
taught her how to make love
Sng 8:10
brings peace
You may need to make explicit to whom the woman brings peace. Alternate Translation: "brings him peace"
Isa 1:9
we would have been like Sodom, we would have been like Gomorrah
How Judah would have been like Sodom and Gomorrah can be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "God would have destroyed us, like he destroyed the cities of Sodom and Gomorrah"
Isa 1:18
like wool
Wool is the hair of a sheep or goat. How they will be like wool can be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "white like wool"
Isa 2:19
Men will go ... from the terror
The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate Translation: "Men will go ... to hide from the terror"
Isa 2:22
whose life-breath is in his nostrils
This describes how man is human and weak by emphasizing that he needs to breath to live. Alternate Translation: "who is weak and will die" or "who needs the breath in his nose to live"
Isa 3:4
I will place
Here the word "I" refers to Yahweh. This can also be stated clearly. Alternate Translation: "Yahweh says, 'I will place"
Isa 5:2
He built a tower in the middle of it
He made a tall building in the middle of the vineyard to watch over it. Someone would stand at the top of the tower to watch the vineyard and make sure that no animals or people went into it. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear.
Isa 5:8
to those who join house to house, who join field to field
to those who take more and more houses, and who take more and more fields. Isaiah assumes that his audience knows that the law forbids someone from taking land from a family permanently. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear.
Isa 5:10
a ten-yoke vineyard
The size of the vineyard is represented by the number of pairs of oxen that could plow it in one day. Each pair of oxen would be connected by a yoke. Alternate Translation: "a vineyard that is large enough for ten pairs of oxen to plow it"
Isa 5:13
for lack of understanding
What they do not understand can be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "because they do not understand Yahweh or his law"
Isa 6:8
Whom shall I send
It is implied that Yahweh will send someone to speak his message to the people of Israel. Alternate Translation: "Whom shall I send to be a messenger to my people"
Isa 7:9
the head of Samaria is Remaliah's son
This means Pekah is the king of Samaria and all of Israel. Alternate Translation: "the king of Samaria is Pekah, who is a weak man"
Isa 7:15
He will eat curds and honey when he knows to refuse the evil and choose the good
Possible meanings are 1) "By the time that child is old enough to eat curds and honey, he will be able to reject what is evil and choose what is good." This emphasizes that the child will be very young when he knows to choose what is right instead of wrong or 2) "By the time the child is old enough to reject what is evil and choose what is good, he will be eating curds and honey." The people of Judah considered a child to be responsible for doing what is right when he was 12 years old. This emphasizes that within twelve years the people will be able to eat much curds and honey because most of the people of Israel will be killed or taken as captives.
Isa 7:24
because all the land will be briers and thorns
Why the hunters come to these lands can be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "because there will be nothing in these lands but briers, thorns, and wild animals"
Isa 8:6
is happy over Rezin and Remaliah's son
The full meaning can be made explicit. See how you translated these men's names in [Isaiah 7:1](../07/01.md). Alternate Translation: "is happy that the armies of Assyria have defeated Rezin, king of Aram, and Pekah, Remaliah's son, king of Israel"
Isa 8:12
Do not call conspiracy anything that this people calls conspiracy
The people imagine there are conspiracies, and it makes them anxious. Alternate Translation: "Do not worry like this people who think someone is always trying to harm them"
Isa 9:5
burned, fuel for the fire
This can be made more explicit by translating it as a new sentence. Alternate Translation: "burned. You will make the boots and the garments fuel for the fire"
Isa 9:9
All the people will know, even Ephraim and the inhabitants of Samaria
What they will know can be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "All the people will know that the Lord has judged them, even those in Ephraim and Samaria"
Isa 9:10
The bricks have fallen, but we will rebuild with chiseled stone; the sycamores have been cut down, but we will put cedars in their place
The full meaning can be made explicit. This can be stated in active form. Alternate Translation: "We will replace the common bricks of our destroyed cities with expensive cut stone, and we will plant great cedar trees where ordinary sycamore trees grew"
Isa 10:7
But this is not what he intends, nor does he think this way
The meaning of "this" and "this way" can be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "But the king of Assyria does not intend to do what I tell him, nor does he think that I am using him as my weapon"
Isa 10:20
that has escaped
The meaning can be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "that has escaped from the army of Assyria"
Isa 10:24
as the Egyptians did
The full meaning can be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "as the Egyptians ruled over your ancestors and made them slaves"
Isa 11:3
he will not judge by what his eyes see
The phrase "what his eyes see" refers to seeing things that are not important for judging a person rightly. Alternate Translation: "he will not judge a person simply by seeing what the person looks like"
Isa 11:3
nor decide by what his ears hear
and he will not decide by what his ears hear. The phrase "what his ears hear" refers to hearing what people say about someone. Alternate Translation: "and he will not judge a person simply by hearing what others say about him"
Isa 11:8
A baby will play over the hole of the snake
It can be stated clearly that the baby will be safe because the snake will not bite it. Alternate Translation: "Babies will play safely over the hole of the snake"
Isa 12:1
On that day
It can be stated clearly what time is being referred to. Alternate Translation: "At that time" or "When the king rules"
Isa 13:3
even my proudly exulting ones
even those who proudly exult. Why they proudly exult can be stated clearly. Alternate Translation: "even my people who proudly exult because of the great things I do"
Isa 13:12
I will make men more rare than fine gold
Why there will be so few people can be stated clearly. Alternate Translation: "I will cause so many people to die that living people will be more rare than fine gold"
Isa 13:16
before their eyes
Here the people are represented by their "eyes" to emphasize what they see. It can be stated clearly that the parents are unable to help their infants. Alternate Translation: "in front of them" or "while their parents helplessly watch"
Isa 14:8
rejoice over you
Why they rejoice can be stated clearly. Alternate Translation: "rejoice that God has made you powerless"
Isa 14:13
I will sit on the mount of assembly
This alludes to the myth that many people in the Ancient Near East knew, that the Canaanite gods met in council on the top of a mountain in the northern part of Syria. Sitting on the mountain represents ruling with the gods. Alternate Translation: "I will rule on the mountain where the gods assemble"
Isa 14:18
all of them lie down in honor
This means that their bodies were buried in an honorable way. Alternate Translation: "all the kings who have died are buried in an honorable way"
Isa 14:31
For out of the north comes a cloud of smoke
This implies that a large army is coming from the north. Alternate Translation: "For from the north comes a large army with a cloud of smoke"
Isa 17:9
that were forsaken because of the people of Israel
It can be made explicit who left these lands. This can be stated in active form. Alternate Translation: "that the Hivites and Amorites left after the people of Israel came"
Isa 18:3
when a signal is lifted up on the mountains, look
The signal was a flag used to call people to battle. This can be stated in active form. Alternate Translation: "pay attention when you see the battle flag on the mountains"
Isa 18:3
when the trumpet is blown, listen
The trumpets were used to call people to battle. This can be stated in active form. Alternate Translation: "pay attention when you hear the sound of the battle trumpets"
Isa 18:4
I will quietly observe from my home
What God will observe can be stated clearly. Alternate Translation: "I will quietly observe that nation from my home" or "From my home, I will quietly watch what the people of that nation do"
Isa 18:5
Before the harvest
This is a harvest of grapes. This can be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "Before the grape harvest"
Isa 18:5
when the blossoming is over
It can be stated clearly that this refers to blossoms on grape vines. Alternate Translation: "when flowers have finished growing on the grape vines"
Isa 18:5
he will cut off the sprigs with pruning hooks
Yahweh will cut off the branches before the grapes can ripen. Alternate Translation: "Yahweh will cut off the branches with knives before their produce fruit"
Isa 19:8
The fishermen will wail and mourn, and all who cast a hook into the Nile will mourn, and those who spread nets on the waters will grieve
These three phrases mean basically the same thing. If necessary, the reason they will grieve can be stated clearly. Alternate Translation: "The fishermen who catch fish with hooks or nets will cry in despair because the fish in the Nile have died"
Isa 19:9
The workers in combed flax and those who weave white cloth will turn pale. The cloth workers of Egypt will be crushed
These two phrases mean basically the same thing. If necessary, the reason they will be distressed can be stated clearly. Alternate Translation: "The linen makers of Egypt will be humiliated because there is no flax"
Isa 19:10
The workers in combed flax and those who weave white cloth will turn pale. The cloth workers of Egypt will be crushed
These two phrases mean basically the same thing. If necessary, the reason they will be distressed can be stated clearly. Alternate Translation: "The linen makers of Egypt will be humiliated because there is no flax"
Isa 19:19
a stone pillar at the border to Yahweh
The phrase "the border" refers to the border of Egypt. Alternate Translation: "a stone pillar to Yahweh at the border of Egypt"
Isa 19:20
to Yahweh of hosts in the land of Egypt
Yahweh being in the land of Egypt represents the people of Egypt worshiping him. Alternate Translation: "that the people in the land of Egypt worship Yahweh of hosts"
Isa 19:20
he will deliver them
Who Yahweh will deliver them from can be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "Yahweh will deliver the Egyptians from their oppressors"
Isa 19:21
They will worship
The object of their worship can be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "They will worship Yahweh"
Isa 19:23
the Egyptians will worship with the Assyrians
The object of their worship can be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "the Egyptians and Assyrians will worship Yahweh"
Isa 20:4
will lead away the captives of Egypt, and the exiles of Cush
It can be stated clearly that they will first attack and capture people. Alternate Translation: "will attack Egypt and Cush and capture their people and lead them away"
Isa 21:1
from the wilderness
Here "wilderness" refers to the wilderness of Judea.
Isa 21:5
anoint your shields with oil
Soldiers would put oil on their leather shields so they would stay soft and not crack during battle.
Isa 21:13
In the wilderness of Arabia
Arabia does not have a forest. Alternate Translation: "Far off from the road in Arabia" or "Out in the bushes of Arabia"
Isa 21:16
as a laborer hired for a year would see it
as a hired laborer would count the days of a year. A hired worker is careful to count the days so that he works exactly the amount of time he is paid to work. This means Kedar will be defeated in exactly one year.
Isa 22:9
you collected the water of the lower pool
The people will store water so that they will have enough to drink while their enemies surround the city.
Isa 22:16
on the heights
The most important people in Israel had tombs in the highest places.
Isa 24:14
and will joyfully shout from the sea
Here "the sea" refers to the Mediterranean Sea which is west of Israel. Alternate Translation: "and those in the west towards the sea will shout with joy"
Isa 24:21
the host of the heaven
A host is an army. Here "the host of the heaven" refers to the many powerful spirits in the heavens. It can be stated clearly that they are evil. Alternate Translation: "the powerful beings" or "the evil spiritual beings"
Isa 27:11
this is not a people of understanding
This can be made more explicit. Alternate Translation: "this is not a people who understands Yahweh or his law"
Isa 28:21
Mount Perazim ... Valley of Gibeon
These refer to places where God miraculously defeated enemy armies.
Isa 28:29
This too comes ... excellent in wisdom
This concludes the parable started in [Isaiah 28:23](./23.md). The implied lesson of the parable is that farmers are wise enough to listen to Yahweh's instructions about planting and threshing. But the leaders of Jerusalem are foolish for not listening to Yahweh's instructions that he is speaking through Isaiah.
Isa 29:9
Astonish yourselves and be astonished
The word "yourselves" refers to the people of Jerusalem. Why they are astonished can be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "Be astonished at what I am telling you"
Isa 29:15
whose deeds are in darkness
It is implied that they are secretly doing evil things. Alternate Translation: "who do evil things in the dark so no one can see them"
Isa 29:21
who by a word make a man out to be an offender
This refers to giving testimony in court against someone. Alternate Translation: "who testify against a man and make him out to be an offender" or "who say in court that an innocent man is guilty of doing something wrong"
Isa 29:22
who redeemed Abraham
This possibly refers to when Yahweh called Abraham from his home country and sent him to the promised land.
Isa 29:24
will gain understanding
This can be made more explicit to explain what they will understand. Alternate Translation: "will begin to understand Yahweh and his laws"
Isa 29:24
complainers will learn knowledge
This can be made more explicit to explain what knowledge they will learn. Alternate Translation: "those who complain will begin to know that what Yahweh teaches them is true"
Isa 30:15
resting
It is implied that the people rest because they trust that Yahweh will take care of them.
Isa 30:15
in quietness and in trust will be your strength
Quietness here refers to not being anxious and worried. It is implied that they are not worried because they trust in Yahweh. Alternate Translation: "You will be strong if you are quiet and trust in me"
Isa 30:16
we will flee on horses
Apparently these are horses that the people of Judah received from the Egyptians.
Isa 30:33
a place of burning
This phrase is the meaning of the word "Topheth." Topheth is a place in the Hinnom Valley, south of Jerusalem, where at one time people burned their children as sacrifices to a false god.
Isa 30:33
it is prepared for the king
It is implied that this refers to the king of Assyria. This can be stated in active form. Alternate Translation: "Yahweh prepared it for the king of Assyria"
Isa 31:3
their horses flesh and not spirit
This means that their horses are only horses and not spiritual beings. Alternate Translation: "their horses are only horses; they are not powerful spirits"
Isa 31:4
from their sound
The shepherds would make loud noises to try and chase away the lion. Alternate Translation: "from the loud noises that they make"
Isa 31:4
will descend
will come down. This refers to descending from heaven. Alternate Translation: "will come down from heaven"
Isa 32:10
the grape harvest will fail
This means that there would not be good grapes to harvest. Alternate Translation: "there will be no grapes for you to harvest"
Isa 32:11
take off your fine clothes and make yourselves bare
Here "bare" does not necessarily mean naked, but to wear minimal covering such as undergarments. Alternate Translation: "take off you fine clothes and make yourself unclothed" or "take off your fancy clothes"
Isa 32:12
You will wail for the pleasant fields, for the fruitful vines
This means that they will cry out loudly as they grieve what happens to their fruitful fields and vines. Alternate Translation: "You will wail because of what happens to your pleasant fields and fruitful vines"
Isa 32:14
the hill and the watchtower will become caves
This speaks of the fort and the watchtower being abandoned as if they became caves. Alternate Translation: "the hill and the watchtower will become abandoned and empty"
Isa 32:14
a joy of wild donkeys, a pasture of flocks
This means the these animals will enjoy the grass that grows among the abandon fort and watchtower. Alternate Translation: "the wild donkeys and the flocks of sheep will eat the grass there"
Isa 33:3
At the loud noise the peoples flee
Possible meanings of "the loud noise" are 1) it refers to Yahweh's voice. Alternate Translation: "The peoples flee at the sound of your loud voice" or 2) it refers the loud sounds of Yahweh's army. Alternate Translation: "The people flee at the sound of your army"
Isa 33:7
the diplomats hoping for peace weep bitterly
This means they weep because they do not succeed in making peace. Alternate Translation: "the diplomats hope for peace but they do not succeed and so they weep bitterly"
Isa 33:14
Who among us ... burnings?
It is implied that the sinners in Zion ask these questions. Alternate Translation: "They say, 'Who among us ... burnings?'"
Isa 34:8
he will pay them back for the cause of Zion
This means that he will take revenge on them for how they had previously waged war against the people of Jerusalem. Alternate Translation: "he will give them the punishment they deserve for what they had done to the people of Zion"
Isa 35:7
The burning sand will become a pool
This means that a pool of water will appear in the hot sand. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate Translation: "A pool will appear in the burning sand"
Isa 35:7
the thirsty ground springs of water
This means that springs will appear in the dry ground. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate Translation: "springs of water will appear in the thirsty ground"
Isa 36:11
who are on the wall
This means that they are standing on the wall. The top of the wall was wide and a place where people could sit or stand. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate Translation: "who are standing on the wall"
Isa 36:12
will have to eat their own dung and drink their own urine with you
This is a very offensive statement. He is implying that they will need to eat these things because they will have nothing else to eat because their city will be under attack. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate Translation: "will soon need to eat their own dung and drink their own urine, just as you will, because you will have nothing else to eat"
Isa 37:4
It may be Yahweh your God will hear the words
Hezekiah is indirectly suggesting that if the people pray Yahweh may listen and act upon what the chief commander had said. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate Translation: "Maybe if you pray to Yahweh your God will hear the message"
Isa 37:4
will rebuke the words which Yahweh your God has heard
Here the phrase "the words which Yahweh your God has heard" refers to what the king of Assyria had said. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate Translation: "Yahweh your God will rebuke the king of Assyria for what he has said"
Isa 37:16
you who sit above the cherubim
You may need to make explicit that the cherubim are those on the lid of the ark of the covenant. The biblical writers often spoke of the ark of the covenant as if it were Yahweh's footstool upon which he rested his feet as he sat on his throne in heaven above. Alternate Translation: "you who sit on your throne above the cherubim on the ark of the covenant"
Isa 37:17
which he has sent
Hezekiah is referring to the letter from Sennacherib. The meaning of this can be made clear. Alternate Translation: "in the message he has sent"
Isa 37:24
By your servants
This refers to to the servants that he had sent to Hezekiah with a message. This can be stated clearly. Alternate Translation: "In the messages you sent with your servants"
Isa 37:26
You are here to reduce impregnable cities into heaps of ruins
Yahweh had planned for Sennacherib's army to destroy the cities that they had destroyed. This can be stated clearly. Alternate Translation: "I planned that your army would destroy cities and cause them to become piles of rubble"
Isa 37:29
I will turn you back the way you came
This refers to causing the king to return to his own home country. The meaning of this can be made clear. Alternate Translation: "I will force you to return to your own country"
Isa 38:1
Set your house in order
This means to prepare your family and those in charge of your affairs so that they know what to do after you die. This can be written clearly. Alternate Translation: "You should tell the people in your palace what you want them to do after you die"
Isa 38:8
stairs of Ahaz
These stairs are referred to this way because they were built while Ahaz was king. You can make this information clear.
Isa 38:14
with looking upward
This refers to Hezekiah looking to heaven for God to help him. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate Translation: "of waiting for help to come from heaven" or "of waiting for you to help me"
Isa 38:15
all my years
This refers to the rest of his life. The meaning of this can be made clear. Alternate Translation: "the rest of my life"
Isa 38:17
from the pit of destruction
Hezekiah did not die but he was close to dying. This refers Yahweh saving him from dying. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate Translation: "from dying and going to the pit of destruction" or "so that I did not die"
Isa 38:20
save me
This refers to him being saved from dying. It can be made more explicit. Alternate Translation: "save me from dying"
Isa 38:21
a lump of figs
This was used as an ointment. The meaning of this can be made clear. Alternate Translation: "use an ointment of mashed figs"
Isa 39:2
Hezekiah was pleased by these things
This can be made more explicit. Alternate Translation: "When the king's messengers arrived, Hezekiah was pleased with what they brought to him"
Isa 40:9
Go up on a high mountain
Messengers would often stand on elevated land, such as mountains, so that many people could hear what they proclaimed.
Isa 43:9
Who among them could have declared this and announced to us earlier events?
This rhetorical question applies to the gods whom the people of the nations worship. The implied answer is that none of them could do this. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate Translation: "None of their gods could have declared this or announced to us earlier events."
Isa 43:9
announced to us earlier events
This phrase refers to their ability to tell about events that happened in the past before they happened. Alternate Translation: "announced to us earlier events before they happened"
Isa 43:10
Before me there was no god formed
Here the word "formed" indicates that Yahweh is speaking of idols that people have made. This can be stated in active form. Alternate Translation: "None of the gods whom people have formed existed before me"
Isa 43:14
I send to Babylon and lead them all down
The object of the verb "send" may be supplied in translation. Alternate Translation: "I send an army to Babylon"
Isa 43:17
who opened a way ... like a burning wick
In these verses, Isaiah speaks of the events following the exodus from Egypt, when Yahweh divided the sea to let the Israelites walk through on dry ground but then drowned the Egyptian army. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear.
Isa 44:11
all his associates
Possible meanings are 1) this refers to the associates of the craftsman who makes the idol. Alternate Translation: "all of the craftsman's associates" or 2) this refers to those who associate themselves with the idol by worshiping it. Alternate Translation: "all those who worship the idol"
Isa 51:2
when he was a lone individual
This means when he did not have any children yet. This can be stated clearly. Alternate Translation: "when he had no children"
Isa 51:23
I will put it into the hand of your tormentors
It is implied that by putting the cup of his anger in their hand Yahweh will be forcing them to drink what is in the cup. Alternate Translation: "I will force your tormentors to drink from the wine of the bowl of my anger"
Isa 52:11
go out from there
It is assumed knowledge that the people of Israel were slaves in Babylon. This can be stated explicitly. Alternate Translation: "go out from the land where you are slaves"
Isa 52:14
his appearance was so disfigured beyond that of any man
It is implied that the servant is disfigured because enemies beat him very badly. The full meaning of this can be made clear. Alternate Translation: "his enemies beat his body so badly that he did not even look like a human anymore"
Isa 53:5
The punishment for our peace was on him
This refers to peace with God. This can be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "He accepted this punishment so we could live in harmony"
Isa 54:9
the waters of Noah
This refers to the flood that Yahweh caused during the time of Noah.
Isa 55:2
weigh out silver
This refers to counting silver coins in order to pay someone for something. Alternate Translation: "pay money"
Isa 55:11
it will not return to me empty
Here the description of the word returning to Yahweh means that it has completed the task that Yahweh had sent it to complete. That it will not return "empty" means that it will not fail to accomplish its task. Alternate Translation: "it will not fail to complete its task"
Isa 57:5
You heat yourselves ... under the rocky overhangs
All of these actions are associated with worshiping idols. The oaks were sacred trees to the Canaanites. People thought such activity would increase fertility for people and the land.
Isa 57:7
on a high mountain
People often went on top of hills and mountains to worship false gods. They thought those were the best places for worship. This might even refer to Jerusalem, too.
Isa 63:11
who brought them up out of the sea
The story of Yahweh miraculously splitting the waters of the Sea of Reeds so that the Israelites could cross and escape the Egyptians is assumed knowledge.
Isa 65:3
in gardens ... on brick tiles
These refer to Canaanite places for worshiping idols. Their sacred altars were made of bricks, which Yahweh forbid for his altars. Yahweh's altars were made of stone.
Isa 65:4
sit among the graves and keep watch all night
This is a reference to consulting the dead, a practice that Yahweh prohibited.
Isa 65:4
eat pork
Yahweh did not allow the people of Israel to eat meat from pigs.
Isa 66:17
enter the gardens
This is a place where people would go to worship idols.
Jer 1:3
of Zedekiah
This refers to the rule of Zedekiah. This can be stated explicitly. Alternate Translation: "of the reign of Zedekiah"
Jer 2:6
They did not say
It is implied that they should have said what follows. Alternate Translation: "They should have said"
Jer 2:25
It is hopeless
There is no hope for us to restrain ourselves. This implies that they cannot stop themselves from running after other gods. Alternate Translation: "We cannot stop ourselves"
Jer 2:27
Arise and save us
It can be made clear that they say this to Yahweh. "Yahweh, come and save us"
Jer 2:34
The blood that was the life of innocent, poor people has been found on your clothes
Blood on their clothes was evidence that they had killed people. Alternate Translation: "The blood of innocent, poor people on your clothes shows that you are guilty of killing them" or "You are guilty of killing poor and innocent people"
Jer 2:36
You will also be disappointed by Egypt
The people of Israel will be sad because the army of Egypt will not be able protect them. Alternate Translation: "You will be disappointed when Egypt does not protect you"
Jer 3:23
a confusing noise from the mountains
People made a lot of noise on the hills and mountains when they worshiped false gods. Alternate Translation: "We made a confusing noise on the mountains while we worshiped them, but they did not help us"
Jer 4:22
For the foolishness of my people ... do not know to do good.
It can be stated clearly that Yahweh says this. This is probably his reply to Jeremiah, telling why the battle is still happening. Alternate Translation: "Yahweh replied, 'It is because of the foolishness of my people ... do not know to do good.'"
Jer 4:30
you dress in scarlet ... gold jewelry ... eyes ... with paint
God speaks of the people of Judah as if they were a prostitute making herself look beautiful in order to attract men to her. This can be stated clearly. Alternate Translation: "Like a prostitute you dress in scarlet ... good jewelry ... eyes ... with paint"
Jer 5:10
Go up onto her vineyards' terraces
In verses 10-13 Yahweh speaks to Israel's enemies. This can be made clear in the quotation. Alternate Translation: "You enemies of Israel, go up onto her vineyards' terraces"
Jer 5:13
the word is not in them
Here "the word" refers to God's message. Alternate Translation: "God's message is not in them" or "the messages that they speak are not from God"
Jer 5:13
so let what they say be done to them
It can be stated clearly what kinds of things the prophets were talking about. Alternate Translation: "so let the harm that the prophets talk about come to them" or "since the prophets say that bad things will happen to us, let those bad things happen to the prophets"
Jer 5:19
done all these things to us
The phrase "these things" refers to sending armies to attack them. Alternate Translation: "done all these things to harm us" or "sent foreign armies to attack us"
Jer 5:22
or tremble before my face
The trembling would be because of fear, and being "before my face" represents being aware of who God is. Alternate Translation: "or shake with fear because of me"
Jer 5:24
keeping the fixed weeks of the harvest for us
Here "keeping the fixed weeks of the harvest" represents making sure that those weeks happen at the right time. Alternate Translation: "making sure for us that the weeks of harvest happen when they are supposed to"
Jer 5:30
Atrocities and horrors have occurred
This can be stated more actively. Alternate Translation: "People do terrible and horrible things"
Jer 5:30
in the land
Here "the land" refers to the land of Israel.' Alternate Translation: "in the land of Israel"
Jer 5:31
the priests rule with their own power
Possible meanings are 1) the priests do not submit to God's authority. Alternate Translation: "the priests rule by their own authority" or 2) the priests rule according to the directions of the prophets
Jer 6:1
Blow a trumpet in Tekoa
A trumpet is used as a warning that people will be attacked. Alternate Translation: "Blow a trumpet in Tekoa to warn the people that they will be attacked"
Jer 6:1
a great crushing is coming
How the crushing will come can be stated clearly. Alternate Translation: "Enemies will come and crush you" or "Enemies will come and destroy you"
Jer 6:3
they will set up tents against her all around
The phrase "against her" means "in order to attack Zion." Alternate Translation: "they will set up tents all around Zion in order to attack it"
Jer 6:4
Dedicate yourselves
It can be stated clearly that the kings say this. Alternate Translation: "The kings say to their armies, 'Dedicate yourselves"
Jer 6:4
Dedicate yourselves to the gods for the battle
The attacking army tries to ensure that their gods will help them during the war by performing ceremonies and making sacrifices to them. Alternate Translation: "Prepare for war by purifying yourselves and sacrificing to the gods"
Jer 6:5
her fortresses
People often spoke of cities as if they were women. Her the word "her" refers to Jerusalem. Alternate Translation: "the strong buildings of Jerusalem"
Jer 6:16
Yahweh says this
It can be stated clearly who Yahweh says this to. Alternate Translation: "Yahweh says this to the people of Israel" or "Yahweh says this to his people"
Jer 6:19
They paid no attention to my word or law, but they instead rejected it
Here "paid no attention to my word" refers to not listening to what God said, and "rejected it" refers to refusing to obey God's law. Alternate Translation: "They did not listen to what I said. Instead they disobeyed my law"
Jer 6:22
a people is coming
Their purpose can be made clear. Alternate Translation: "a people is coming to attack you" or "an army is coming"
Jer 6:23
they are riding on horses, set out in order as men for battle
The phrase "set out in order" means that they have organized themselves and are riding in rows. The phrase "as men for battle" indicates that they are ready to fight. Alternate Translation: "they are riding on horses in their assigned rows, and they are ready to fight against you"
Jer 6:29
The bellows are scorched by the fire that is burning them; the lead is consumed in the flames
God speaks of punishing his people as if they were silver and he was boiling the silver in a very hot fire. These phrases emphasize that the one boiling the metal was working very hard.
Jer 6:29
the lead is consumed in the flames
The silver has so many impurities in it that the lead is used up before it can remove them all. This represents the people of Israel being so full of sin, that they continue to sin even after God punishes them. Alternate Translation: "the silver is so full of impurities, that the lead that is used to remove them is used up" or "they are like silver that is so full of impurities that the lead cannot remove them all"
Jer 7:4
Temple of Yahweh! Temple of Yahweh! Temple of Yahweh!
It is implied that, since the temple belongs to Yahweh and represents his presence, he will protect it and the people of Judah will be safe. Possible meanings for why "Temple of Yahweh" is repeated three times are 1) it was repeated for emphasis or 2) it was repeated as part of a temple liturgy. Alternate Translation: "This is the temple of Yahweh so it is absolutely certain that no one will destroy it and we are safe."
Jer 7:18
the queen of the heavens
This was the name of a false god. Alternate Translation: "the false god known as 'the queen of the heavens'"
Jer 8:6
What have I done?
The implied information is that this is a question that the people of Judah should have been asking. It can be translated as a statement. Alternate Translation: "I have done a terrible thing."
Jer 8:7
Even the stork in heaven knows the right times; and the doves, swifts, and cranes
The implied information is that these types of birds know the right times to migrate, which means to fly from one place to another at different times of the year for feeding or breeding.
Jer 8:7
They go on their migrations at the right time, but my people do not know Yahweh's decrees
The implied information is that the people should have naturally known Yahweh's decrees.
Jer 9:18
so our eyes may run with tears and our eyelids flow with water
This describes the people crying a lot. Alternate Translation: "so we will cry very hard with tears flowing from our eyes"
Jer 9:24
For I am Yahweh
This refers to people knowing Yahweh and his ways. Alternate Translation: "Because people should understand that I am Yahweh"
Jer 10:13
he brings up the mists from the ends of the earth
This means that he causes the mists to evaporate and form clouds. The phrase "the ends of the earth" refers to all of the earth. Alternate Translation: "he causes clouds to form over every part of the earth"
Jer 12:9
Has not my prized possession
Here Yahweh speaks of his people as his "prized possession." Alternate Translation: "Have not my people, who are my prized possession"
Jer 13:19
The cities in the Negev will be shut up, with no one to open them
This means that the cities will be surrounded by their enemies, who will not allow anyone to go in or come out of the cities. Alternate Translation: "The cities in the Negev will be shut up, and no one will be able to go into them or come out of them"
Jer 13:20
the ones coming from the north
This refers an enemy army that will come from the north. Alternate Translation: "the enemy army coming from the north" or "the enemy army marching from the north"
Jer 14:5
for there is no grass
This means that there is no grass for the deer to eat. Alternate Translation: "for there is no grass for them to eat"
Jer 14:8
Hope of Israel
This is another name for Yahweh. Alternate Translation: "You are the hope of Israel"
Jer 14:14
I did not send them out
This means that Yahweh did not send them out with messages to give to the people. Alternate Translation: "I did not send them to prophesy to other people"
Jer 14:18
they do not know
It may be helpful to state what they do not know. Alternate Translation: "they do not know what they are doing"
Jer 15:1
were standing in front of me, I would still not be in favor of this people
This implies that they are pleading for Yahweh to spare the people. Alternate Translation: "were standing in front of me pleading for these people, I would still not be in favor of them"
Jer 15:4
because of what Manasseh ... did in Jerusalem
Manasseh was a very wicked king who did many evil things in Jerusalem. Alternate Translation: "because of the wicked things that Manasseh ... did in Jerusalem"
Jer 15:8
Against the mothers of young men I will send the destroyer at noonday
This means that Yahweh will send an enemy army to kill young men, which will cause their mothers great sorrow. Alternate Translation: "At noonday I will send an enemy army to destroy young men and cause their mothers to weep"
Jer 15:10
I have not lent, nor has anyone lent to me
This refers to lending money to people. Often lending money causes people to fight with one another. Alternate Translation: "I have not lent money to anyone, nor has anyone lent money to me" or "I have not made anyone angry by lending or borrow money and then quarreling about it"
Jer 15:15
You are patient, but do not allow them to take me away
Jeremiah is asking Yahweh not to be patient with the sins of his enemies. The phrase "take me away" refers to him being killed. Alternate Translation: "Please do not continue to be patient with them and allow them to kill me"
Jer 18:18
words from the prophets
Here "words" represents messages that the prophets speak from Yahweh. Alternate Translation: "words of Yahweh from the prophets"
Jer 22:2
your people who come through these gates
These gates are the gates of the king's palace. Alternate Translation: "your people who come to visit the king"
Jer 22:30
He will be childless
Jehoiachin has several sons. This phrase, then, means it is as if he was childless. His children will not succeed him as king. Alternate Translation: "It will be as if he did not have any children"
Jer 23:8
Then they will live in their own land
This refers to Israel, from where they were scattered. This can be stated explicitly. Alternate Translation: "Then they will live in their own land again"
Jer 23:21
they have still prophesied
It is understood that they are prophesying falsely. This can be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "they have prophesied falsely anyway"
Jer 23:25
I had a dream!
They meant that this dream was from God. This can be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "I had a dream from Yahweh"
Jer 25:6
do not provoke him with the work of your hands
The word "him" refers to Yahweh. Possible meanings for the phrase "the work of your hands" are 1) it is a reference to the idols that the people have made with their hands. Alternate Translation: "do not provoke Yahweh with the idols that you have made" or 2) It is an idiom that refers to the actions of a person, with the word "hands" being a synecdoche that represents the person who does those actions. Alternate Translation: "do not provoke Yahweh by the things that you do"
Jer 25:7
you have provoked me with the work of your hands to do harm to you
See how you translated a similar phrase in [Jeremiah 25:6](./06.md). Possible meanings for the phrase "the work of your hands" are 1) it is a reference to the idols that the people have made with their hands. Alternate Translation: "you have provoked me to harm you because of the idols that you have made with your hands" or 2) It is an idiom that refers to the actions of a person, with the word "hands" being a synecdoche that represents the person who does those actions. Alternate Translation: "you have provoked me to harm you because of the things that you do"
Jer 26:1
this word came from Yahweh, saying
It can be stated clearly who Yahweh gave this message to. Alternate Translation: "this word came to Jeremiah from Yahweh, saying" or "Yahweh spoke this message to Jeremiah"
Jer 27:7
the time for his land comes
You may need to make explicit the nature of the time. Alternate Translation: "the time for me to destroy his land"
Jer 29:5
Build houses and live in them. Plant gardens and eat their fruit
Yahweh is telling them they will be there for a long time.
Jer 29:12
I will listen to you
This implies that Yahweh will give them what they want.
Jer 29:28
he has sent to us
You may need to make explicit what it was that Jeremiah sent. Alternate Translation: "he has sent a message to us"
Jer 31:23
the people
Here this refers to the people of Judah.
Jer 33:11
to what they were before
This refers to the time before the exile to Babylon. This can be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "to what they were before I sent the Israelites into exile in Babylon"
Jer 33:13
the flocks will again pass under the hands of the ones counting them
This refers to the practice of a shepherd counting and inspecting his sheep as the sheep walked under his hand. Alternate Translation: "shepherds will again count their sheep as the sheep walk by"
Jer 37:9
Surely the Chaldeans are leaving us
The people of Judah think that they will be safe because the Chaldeans had left. Alternate Translation: "Surely we are safe because the Chaldeans are leaving us"
Jer 39:13
sent men out
They sent them out to get Jeremiah. This can be stated explicitly. Alternate Translation: "sent men out to get Jeremiah"
Jer 39:14
among the people
You may need to make explicit which people the speaker is speaking of. Alternate Translation: "among the people who remained in Judah"
Jer 41:8
for there are provisions of ours in a field
It is implied that they would give their provisions to Ishmael and his men. Alternate Translation: "for we will give you our provisions that we have hidden in a field"
Jer 41:18
because of the Chaldeans
It is implied that they were afraid that the Chaldeans would attack them. Alternate Translation: "because they thought the Chaldeans may attack them"
Jer 42:22
in the place where you desired to go to live
They desired to live in Egypt. This can be stated explicitly. Alternate Translation: "in Egypt, where you thought you would be safe"
Jer 44:17
queen of heaven
This a title of a false goddess that the people of Judah worshiped. This goddess is also called "Asherah."
Jer 44:17
Then we will be filled with food and will prosper, without experiencing any disaster
The people of Judah thought they would prosper because the queen of heaven would bless them if they worshiped her.
Jer 44:23
burned incense
Why people burn incense can be stated clearly. Alternate Translation: "burned incense to false gods"
Jer 46:2
in the fourth year of Jehoiakim
This refers to the fourth year of Jehoiakim's reign. This can be stated clearly. Alternate Translation: "in the fourth year of the reign of Jehoiakim"
Jer 46:9
Let the soldiers go out, Cush and Put, men skillful with a shield
This command can be addressed directly to the soldiers. What they were to go out for can be stated clearly. Alternate Translation: "You soldiers from Cush and Put, who are skillful with your shields, go out to battle"
Jer 47:6
Woe ... the sea?"
The Philistines seem to be speaking here. Alternate Translation: "The Philistines say, 'Woe ... the sea.'"
Jer 47:7
Woe ... the sea?"
The Philistines seem to be speaking here. Alternate Translation: "The Philistines say, 'Woe ... the sea.'"
Jer 48:8
For the destroyer will come to every city
Here "the destroyer" represents the enemy army. Alternate Translation: "For the enemy army will come to every city and destroy it"
Jer 48:11
He is like his wine that has never been poured from pot to pot
For wine to taste good, it has to be left undisturbed for a long time and not poured from one pot to another. Yahweh compares the people of Moab, who are prosperous because no one has ever conquered them and taken them as captives, to wine that is undisturbed and has a good flavor.
Jer 48:33
They will not tread
The wine makers would stomp on the grapes to squeeze out the juice. Alternate Translation: "The wine makers will not stomp the grapes"
Jer 48:46
Chemosh's people are destroyed
This can be stated in active form. Alternate Translation: "The enemy army has destroyed the people who worship Chemosh"
Jer 49:15
made you small
Here "small" represents having the least political importance. Alternate Translation: "made you least important"
Jer 49:16
so that you may make your nest high like an eagle
It is implied that the people made homes in high places to remain safe from enemies. Alternate Translation: "live in safety like an eagle in the heights of the mountains"
Jer 50:14
Arrange yourselves against Babylon
Yahweh is speaking to the enemies of Babylon. Alternate Translation: "You enemies of Babylon arrange yourselves against her"
Jer 50:20
that I spare
They will escape the destruction of Babylon. This can be stated explicitly. Alternate Translation: "that I allow to escape the destruction of Babylon"
Jer 50:21
Arise against the land
Yahweh is speaking to the enemies of Babylon. Alternate Translation: "You enemies of Babylon, arise against the land"
Jer 50:27
Kill all her bulls
Yahweh speaks this to the enemies of Babylon. This can be made clear. Alternate Translation: "You enemies of Babylon, kill all her bulls"
Jer 50:31
See, I am against you
Yahweh speaks this to the people of Babylon. This can be made clear. Alternate Translation: "See, I am against you, people of Babylon"
Jer 50:41
See, a people is coming
Yahweh speaks to the people of Babylon. This can be made clear. Alternate Translation: "See, people of Babylon, a people is coming"
Lam 1:7
in former days
in the past. This refers to the time before the people of Jerusalem were captured. Alternate Translation: "before this disaster happened"
Lam 1:9
the enemy has become too great
This means that they enemy army has become too large and powerful and has defeated Jerusalem. Alternate Translation: "the enemy army has defeated me"
Lam 1:11
They have given their precious treasures for food
This means they traded their wealth and their valuables in exchange for food. Alternate Translation: "They have traded their precious treasures in exchange for food"
Lam 1:19
they were treacherous toward me
This means that they betrayed him. Alternate Translation: "they betrayed me"
Lam 1:20
inside the house there is only death
Possible meanings are 1) "inside the house, everyone is dying" or 2) "and inside the house the dead people are kept"
Lam 1:21
now let them become like me
This is a request for Jerusalem's enemies to suffer as the people of Jerusalem have. Alternate Translation: "now let them suffer like me"
Lam 1:22
deal with them as you have dealt with me
This is a request for Yahweh to punish Jerusalem's enemies as he punished the people of Jerusalem. Alternate Translation: "punish them as you have punished me"
Lam 2:19
for the lives of your children
This means for them to request that the Lord save their children. Alternate Translation: "to save the lives of your children"
Lam 2:21
Both the young and the old lie on the dust
It is implied here that this refers to dead people. Alternate Translation: "The corpses of both the young and the old lie on the dust"
Lam 3:37
has spoken
It can be expressed clearly that this refers to commanding something to happen. Alternate Translation: "has commanded that something should happen"
Lam 3:39
How can any person alive complain
Possible meanings are 1) it is implied that mere people cannot fully understand God's actions. Alternate Translation: "How can a mere person complain" or 2) it is implied that being alive is a gift from God. Alternate Translation: "How can a person who is blessed to be alive complain"
Lam 3:50
until Yahweh from heaven looks down and sees
What the author hopes Yahweh will see can be stated clearly. Alternate Translation: "until Yahweh looks down from heaven and sees what has happened to my people"
Lam 3:51
because of all the daughters of my city
It can be stated clearly that the "daughters of my city" are suffering. Alternate Translation: "because the daughters of my city are suffering" or "because I see the daughters of my city suffering"
Lam 4:7
their bodies were more ruddy than coral
their bodies were redder than coral. This implies that they were healthy. Alternate Translation: "their bodies were healthy and red"
Lam 4:8
Their skin has shriveled on their bones
This implies that there was not much muscle or fat under the skin.
Lam 4:18
Our end
Possible meanings are 1) "Our end" refers to the end of living in their own city because their enemies would destroy the city and capture them. Alternate Translation: "Our destruction" or "Our capture" or 2) "Our end" refers to the end of their lives. Alternate Translation: "Our death" or "The time for us to die"
Lam 5:4
We must pay silver for the water we drink ... our own wood
This means that their enemies are making them pay money to have the water and wood that they once used for free. Alternate Translation: "We have to pay silver to our enemies in order to drink our own water ... our own wood"
Lam 5:8
Slaves rule over us
Possible meanings are 1) "Now the people who rule over us are themselves slaves to their own masters in Babylon" or 2) "People who used to be slaves in Babylon now rule over us."
Lam 5:13
boys stagger under heavy loads of wood
The boys are forced to carry the loads of wood. Alternate Translation: "boys stagger because they are forced to carry heavy loads of wood" or "they force the boys to carry heavy loads of wood which make them stagger"
Lam 5:17
for these things our eyes grow dim
This means that they have a hard time seeing because they are crying. Alternate Translation: "and we can hardly see because our eyes are full of tears"
Ezk 1:19
When the living creatures rose up from the earth
The creatures were flying in the air after they left the ground. Alternate Translation: "So when the creatures left the ground and went up into the air"
Ezk 4:1
carve the city of Jerusalem
You may need to make explicit that Ezekiel is to carve a picture. Alternate Translation: "carve a picture of the city of Jerusalem"
Ezk 4:16
they will eat bread while rationing it in anxiety
You may need to make explicit why they will ration the bread. "they will carefully divide their bread because they fear that there will not be enough"
Ezk 4:17
every man will be dismayed at his brother and waste away
Possible meanings are 1) "everyone will look at his brother and worry about how much food his brother eats and waste away" or 2) "every one of them will be dismayed and waste away"
Ezk 5:11
with all your hateful things
with all of those things of yours that I hate. You may need to make explicit that this refers to idols: "with all your idols, which I hate" or "with all your disgusting idols."
Ezk 5:13
I will be satisfied
You may need to make explicit why Yahweh will be satisfied. Alternate Translation: "I will be satisfied that I have punished them enough"
Ezk 6:4
I will throw down ... I will lay ... and scatter
Yahweh was speaking of sending soldiers ([Ezekiel 6:3](./03.md)) to do these things. Alternate Translation: "I will send soldiers to throw down ... They will lay ... and scatter"
Ezk 6:5
I will throw down ... I will lay ... and scatter
Yahweh was speaking of sending soldiers ([Ezekiel 6:3](./03.md)) to do these things. Alternate Translation: "I will send soldiers to throw down ... They will lay ... and scatter"
Ezk 6:7
know that I am Yahweh
When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. Alternate Translation: "understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God" or "realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority"
Ezk 7:4
know that I am Yahweh
When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/07.md). Alternate Translation: "understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God" or "realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority"
Ezk 7:10
Behold, the day! Behold, it is coming!
Behold! The day is coming! You may need to make explicit which day is coming. Alternate Translation: "Behold! The day when I will punish you is coming!"
Ezk 7:18
baldness on all of their heads
Shaving the head was a sign of sadness. Alternate Translation: "all of them will shave their heads"
Ezk 8:3
the inner northern gate
the inner northern gate of the temple. The temple was surrounded by two walls, one inside the other. This gate was on the north side of the inner wall.
Ezk 8:5
Son of man
Son of a human being or "Son of humanity." God calls Ezekiel this to emphasize that Ezekiel is only a human being. God is eternal and powerful, but humans are not. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 2:1](../02/01.md). Alternate Translation: "Mortal person" or "Human"
Ezk 8:7
the courtyard
You may need to make explicit which courtyard. "the temple courtyard"
Ezk 8:10
the wall all around
You may need to make explicit which wall. Alternate Translation: "the wall all around the temple"
Ezk 9:3
from the cherubim where it had been
Possible meanings are 1) "from above the four winged creatures" ([Ezekiel 1:5](../01/05.md)) or 2) from between the two cherubim in the most holy place in the temple. Try to translate this literally.
Ezk 9:6
Begin at my sanctuary
You may need to make explicit what the people are to begin to do at the sanctuary. Alternate Translation: "Begin to kill the ones who do not have the mark at my sanctuary"
Ezk 10:3
on the right side
As one faces east, "the right side" is toward the south. Alternate Translation: "on the south side"
Ezk 11:10
know that I am Yahweh
When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/07.md). Alternate Translation: "understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God" or "realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority"
Ezk 12:9
What are you doing
Since the people had seen what Ezekiel was doing, their question implies their desire to know the reason why he was doing it. Alternate Translation: "What is the meaning of the things you are doing"
Ezk 12:10
in whose midst they are
The phrase "in whose midst" refers to Jerusalem, while "they" refers to the "house of Israel." Alternate Translation: "who are in Jerusalem"
Ezk 12:13
I will bring him to Babylon
Yahweh speaks of enabling the Chaldeans to bring the prince to Babylon as if he himself were bringing the prince there. Alternate Translation: "I will cause the Chaldeans to bring him to Babylon"
Ezk 12:15
know that I am Yahweh
When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/07.md). Alternate Translation: "understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God" or "realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority"
Ezk 12:22
every vision fails
This means that the visions that the prophets receive and communicate to the people fail to happen. Alternate Translation: "every prophetic vision fails to happen"
Ezk 12:23
The days have drawn near
This phrase refers to the days in which Israel will be judged. Alternate Translation: "The days of judgment are coming soon"
Ezk 12:25
The matter will no longer be delayed
The "matter" refers to the things that Yahweh says will happen. Alternate Translation: "What I say will no longer be delayed" or "What I say will happen soon"
Ezk 13:5
resist in battle
You can supply the implicit information here. Alternate Translation: "resist the enemy armies" or "defend the city"
Ezk 13:5
the day of Yahweh
This refers to the time when Yahweh will judge his people by means of an enemy army. Alternate Translation: "the day of Yahweh's judgment" or "the day when Yahweh judges you by sending enemy armies to attack you"
Ezk 13:9
know that I am the Lord Yahweh
When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/07.md). Alternate Translation: "understand that I am the Lord Yahweh, the one true God" or "realize that I, the Lord Yahweh, have supreme power and authority"
Ezk 13:14
know that I am Yahweh
When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/07.md). Alternate Translation: "understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God" or "realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority"
Ezk 13:18
make veils for their heads of every size
This means that they make veils to put on the heads of people of different height. Alternate Translation: "make veils for the heads of women of every stature"
Ezk 14:1
Some of the elders of Israel came to me and sat before me
The elders sat before Ezekiel in order to inquire of the Lord through Ezekiel.
Ezk 14:4
I, Yahweh, will answer him according to the number of his idols
This phrase refers to the many idols that the people worship. It is implied that the severity of Yahweh's answer will as great as the number of idols that they worship. Alternate Translation: "I, Yahweh, will give him the answer that he deserves because he worships so many idols"
Ezk 14:8
know that I am Yahweh
When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/07.md). Alternate Translation: "understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God" or "realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority"
Ezk 15:7
know that I am Yahweh
When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/07.md). Alternate Translation: "understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God" or "realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority"
Ezk 16:20
you sacrificed them to the images to be devoured as food
In these ancient pagan sacrifices, the people believed that the gods would eat the food that they offered to them. This can be stated in active form. Alternate Translation: "you sacrificed them to the images so that those images could devour them as food"
Ezk 16:21
made them pass through the fire
It is implicit that she put them into the fire in order to offer them as burnt offerings to her images. Alternate Translation: "sacrificed them as burnt offerings"
Ezk 16:37
so they see all your nakedness
Stripping a person naked in front of others was an action intended to humiliate the person. The word "nakedness" can be translated as an adjective. Alternate Translation: "so they can see you completely naked"
Ezk 16:46
Your older sister was Samaria ... your younger sister was the one living south of you, that is, Sodom
Samaria and Sodom were both cities that Yahweh had judged for their idolatry and wickedness. Yahweh speaks of these cities being Jerusalem's sisters to express that she belonged to a family that practiced idolatry and wickedness.
Ezk 16:59
despised your oath by breaking the covenant
Jerusalem broke her marriage covenant with Yahweh, thereby showing that she did not care about the oaths that she had made to him. Alternate Translation: "despised your oath to me by breaking the covenant that you made with me"
Ezk 16:62
know that I am Yahweh
When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/07.md). Alternate Translation: "understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God" or "realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority"
Ezk 17:5
planted it ... like a willow
Willow trees grow in places where there is a lot of water. If the eagle planted the seed like a willow, it means that he planted it in a place with a lot of water. Alternate Translation: "and planted the seed like one would plant a willow tree by water"
Ezk 17:21
know that I am Yahweh
When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/07.md). Alternate Translation: "understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God" or "realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority"
Ezk 18:6
he does not eat upon the mountains
People often worshiped and offered sacrifices to pagan gods on the mountains. It is implied that this person has not participated in these kinds of pagan rituals. Alternate Translation: "he does not eat meat sacrificed to idols on the mountains"
Ezk 18:6
approached a woman during her monthly period
It is implicit that he has not approached a woman in order to sleep with her. Alternate Translation: "approached a woman to sleep with her during her monthly period"
Ezk 18:11
eats upon the mountains
People often worshiped and offered sacrifices to pagan gods on the mountains. It is implied that this person has participated in these kinds of pagan rituals. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Ezekiel 18:5](./05.md). Alternate Translation: "eats meat sacrificed to idols upon the mountains"
Ezk 18:15
That son does not eat upon the mountains
People often worshiped and offered sacrifices to pagan gods on the mountains. It is implied that this person has not participated in these kinds of pagan rituals. See how you translated a similar phrase in [Ezekiel 18:6](./06.md). Alternate Translation: "That son does not eat meat sacrificed to idols upon the mountains"
Ezk 19:14
no scepter to rule
The implicit information may be supplied from [Ezekiel 19:11](./11.md). Alternate Translation: "no branch strong enough for a ruler's scepter"
Ezk 20:12
know that I am Yahweh
When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/07.md). Alternate Translation: "understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God" or "realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority"
Ezk 20:26
they made a sacrifice of every firstborn of the womb
The phrase "firstborn of the womb" refers to the firstborn child of a woman. The phrase "made a sacrifice" can be translated with the verb "sacrifice." Alternate Translation: "they sacrificed every woman's firstborn child"
Ezk 21:19
a signpost will mark one of them as leading to a city
This is a sign posted where the road divides into two roads. Alternate Translation: "a sign will be posted where the road divides into two roads"
Ezk 22:3
so that her time may come
This refers to the time when Yahweh will destroy them. Alternate Translation: "so that the time of her destruction may come" or "so that the time may come for her to be destroyed"
Ezk 22:9
they eat on the mountains
Here "the mountains" refer to the altars on the mountains that are dedicated to idols. They men eat meat that has been sacrificed to the idols in order to be have the blessing of false gods. Alternate Translation: "they eat the meat that has been sacrificed to idols"
Ezk 22:10
they have violated unclean women during their menstrual period ... commit abominations with their neighbors' wives ... make their own daughters-in-law shamefully unclean ... abuse their own sisters
These are all ways to express that the men have had slept with women they should not have and how sinful their actions are. Alternate Translation: "They have raped unclean women during their menstrual period ... commit abominations by sleeping with their neighbors' wives... make their own daughters-in-law shamefully unclean by sleeping with them ... rape their own sisters"
Ezk 22:11
they have violated unclean women during their menstrual period ... commit abominations with their neighbors' wives ... make their own daughters-in-law shamefully unclean ... abuse their own sisters
These are all ways to express that the men have had slept with women they should not have and how sinful their actions are. Alternate Translation: "They have raped unclean women during their menstrual period ... commit abominations by sleeping with their neighbors' wives... make their own daughters-in-law shamefully unclean by sleeping with them ... rape their own sisters"
Ezk 22:12
you have damaged your neighbors through oppression
This means that they have oppressed their neighbors by charging them too much interest. Alternate Translation: "you have oppressed your neighbors and made them poor" or "you have made your neighbors poor by charging too much interest"
Ezk 22:16
know that I am Yahweh
When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/07.md). Alternate Translation: "understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God" or "realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority"
Ezk 22:25
they make many widows within her
The word "her" refers to Israel. They "make many widows" by killing married men. Alternate Translation: "they make many women into widows by killing their husbands"
Ezk 23:4
they became mine
This means that he married them and they became his wives. Alternate Translation: "they became my wives"
Ezk 23:5
when she was mine
This refers to when she was his wife. Alternate Translation: "while she was still my wife"
Ezk 23:7
she made herself unclean with everyone she lusted for—and with all their idols
This implies that she slept with all of these men and worshiped the idols they worshiped. Alternate Translation: "she made herself unclean by sleeping with everyone she lusted for and by worshiping all their idols"
Ezk 23:13
It was the same for both sisters
This refers to how they had both made themselves unclean. Alternate Translation: "Both sisters became unclean through their acts of prostitution"
Ezk 23:17
her bed of lust
This refers to her bed where she slept with men and acted lustfully. Alternate Translation: "her bed where she acted lustfully"
Ezk 23:17
they made her unclean with their promiscuousness
This means that they slept with the woman. Alternate Translation: "they slept with her and made her unclean"
Ezk 23:25
They will cut off your noses and your ears
This describes the punishment in Babylon for married women who slept with men that are not their husbands. Alternate Translation: "They will punish you as an adulteress, by cutting of your noses and your ears"
Ezk 23:27
from the land of Egypt
This refers to her prostitution as beginning in Egypt. Alternate Translation: "which you began in the land of Egypt"
Ezk 23:28
give you into the hand of the ones you hate ... into the hand of the ones from whom you had turned away
These two phrases have the same meaning. It means that they will be captured by the men they used to prostitute themselves to. Alternate Translation: "allow you to be captured by those you hate and had turned away from"
Ezk 23:30
became unclean with their idols
She became unclean by worshiping the idols. Alternate Translation: "became unclean by worshiping their idols"
Ezk 23:49
bear the guilt of your sins with your idols
accept responsibility for the guilt of your sins with your idols. This implies that they will be punished for their sins. Alternate Translation: "receive the punishment for sinning by worshiping your idols"
Ezk 24:5
pile up the bones under it
Some cultures add bones to a fire because they burn longer than wood. This refers to the bones that remained after the best bones were placed in the pot. Alternate Translation: "place the rest of the bones under the pot to fuel the fire"
Ezk 24:7
For her blood is in the midst of her
This means that the blood from those who were murdered in Jerusalem is still there. Alternate Translation: "For the blood of those who were murdered among her is still there"
Ezk 24:8
so it brings fury up to exact vengeance
Here Yahweh is speaking about himself taking revenge on those who murdered the people in Jerusalem. Alternate Translation: "in order that I could see it and then be angry and get revenge"
Ezk 24:9
I will also enlarge the pile of wood
It is implied that the pile of wood is under the cooking pot that represents Jerusalem. "I will make the pile of wood on the fire under you even bigger"
Ezk 24:23
in your iniquities
This implies that God will not forgive the sins of these people. Alternate Translation: "and I will not forgive your sins"
Ezk 24:27
know that I am Yahweh
When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/07.md). Alternate Translation: "understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God" or "realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority"
Ezk 25:4
They will eat your fruit and they will drink your milk
It may be helpful to specify the source of the fruit and milk. Alternate Translation: "They will eat the fruit from your trees and drink the milk from your cattle"
Ezk 25:5
know that I am Yahweh
When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/07.md). Alternate Translation: "understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God" or "realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority"
Ezk 26:2
She has turned to me
Here the word "she" refers to the word "gates" which have "turned" on their hinges to open to Tyre. This phrase means that Tyre has now replaced Jerusalem as the city through which the traders from many nations pass. Alternate Translation: "The gateway has opened to me"
Ezk 26:6
know that I am Yahweh
When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/07.md). Alternate Translation: "understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God" or "realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority"
Ezk 26:7
Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon, king of kings
The phrase "king of kings" was a title, meaning that he was the greatest of kings, the king that other kings obeyed. Alternate Translation: "Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon, the greatest king"
Ezk 28:22
know that I am Yahweh
When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/07.md). Alternate Translation: "understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God" or "realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority"
Ezk 29:6
know that I am Yahweh
When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/07.md). Alternate Translation: "understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God" or "realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority"
Ezk 29:16
they will be a reminder of the iniquity that Israel committed
How Egypt would be a reminder can be stated clearly. The abstract nouns "reminder" and "iniquity" can be expressed with the verbs "remember" and "sin." Alternate Translation: "when Israel sees what I do to Egypt, Israel will remember how Israel sinned"
Ezk 29:18
to do hard work against Tyre
The kind of hard work they did can be stated clearly. Alternate Translation: "to work hard at attacking Tyre"
Ezk 30:3
The day is near for Yahweh
It is implied that on that day, Yahweh will punish people. Alternate Translation: "It will soon be the day when Yahweh will punish you"
Ezk 30:8
they will know that I am Yahweh
Yahweh is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated as similar phrase in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/07.md). Alternate Translation: "they will understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God" or "they will realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority"
Ezk 31:8
None among the cypress trees matched its branches
Yahweh was comparing how many branches the trees had. Alternate Translation: "None of the cypress trees had as many branches as the cedar"
Ezk 31:8
the plane tree could not equal its boughs
It was implied Yahweh was comparing the long branches of the cedar tree with the long branches of the plane tree. Alternate Translation: "the plane tree did not have branches like the cedar tree" or "no plane tree had branches as long as the branches of the cedar tree"
Ezk 32:5
your worm-filled corpse
The worms help the dead body to rot. Alternate Translation: "your rotting body"
Ezk 32:15
know that I am Yahweh
When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/07.md). Alternate Translation: "understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God" or "realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority"
Ezk 32:17
in the twelfth year
Possible meanings are 1) This happened in the twelfth year after the Babylonians took the Israelites to Babylon or 2) this happened in the twelfth year after the Babylonians took Jehoiachin to Babylon.
Ezk 32:19
Are you really more beautiful than anyone else? Go down and lie down with the uncircumcised.
This is a question and command that the prophet is to ask the Egyptians. Alternate Translation: "Go down and lie down with the uncircumcised. Ask them all: 'Are you really more beautiful than anyone else?'"
Ezk 32:19
Go down
It is implied that they must go down to Sheol. Alternate Translation: "Go down to Sheol"
Ezk 32:25
All of them are uncircumcised
The Israelites did not respect people who were not circumcised.
Ezk 32:31
Pharaoh will look
It can be made explicit who Pharaoh will see. Alternate Translation: "Pharaoh will see all the dead people from other nations"
Ezk 32:31
be comforted about all his multitudes
It is implied that Pharaoh will be comforted because the armies of other great kings also died. Alternate Translation: "will comfort himself that he was not the only king whose entire army died"
Ezk 33:25
You eat blood
It is implied that they eat blood by eating meat that still has blood in it. Yahweh had commanded them to drain out the blood. Alternate Translation: "You eat meat with blood in it"
Ezk 33:26
each man defiles his neighbor's wife
It is implied that they defile their neighbor's wives by sleeping with them. Alternate Translation: "each man sleeps with his neighbor's wife"
Ezk 33:29
know that I am Yahweh
When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/07.md). Alternate Translation: "understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God" or "realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority"
Ezk 34:3
You eat the fatty portions
The fatty portions come from the sheep and the goats. Alternate Translation: "You eat the fatty parts of the sheep and goats" or "You eat the best parts of the sheep and goats"
Ezk 34:12
they were scattered
It is is implied that the animals in the flock scattered because they did not have a shepherd to care for them or protect them. This can be stated in active form. Alternate Translation: "they scattered because they did not have a shepherd to care for them"
Ezk 34:26
my hill
This refers to Mount Zion.
Ezk 34:27
know that I am Yahweh
When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/07.md). Alternate Translation: "understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God" or "realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority"
Ezk 35:4
know that I am Yahweh
When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/07.md). Alternate Translation: "understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God" or "realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority"
Ezk 35:10
even when Yahweh was present with them
It is implied that Yahweh was protecting Israel and Judah. Alternate Translation: "but Yahweh was there protecting Israel and Judah"
Ezk 36:10
So I will multiply upon you
Yahweh is speaking to the mountains. This can be stated explicitly. Alternate Translation: "So, mountains of Israel, I will multiply upon you"
Ezk 36:11
know that I am Yahweh
When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/07.md). Alternate Translation: "understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God" or "realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority"
Ezk 36:12
you will no longer cause their children to die
It is implied that in the past children died because there was not enough food in the land. Now the land would produce enough food.
Ezk 37:6
know that I am Yahweh
When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/07.md). Alternate Translation: "understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God" or "realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority"
Ezk 37:26
I will establish them
It was implied that Yahweh would establish them in the land of Israel. Alternate Translation: "I will set them in the land of Israel" or "I will cause them to live securely in the land of Israel"
Ezk 38:2
Gog, the land of Magog
It is implied that Magog is the land over which Gog rules. Alternate Translation: "Gog who rules over the land of Magog"
Ezk 38:2
the chief prince of Meshech and Tubal
This expression occurs twice in these verses. Some modern versions, however, interpret the Hebrew expression as "the chief of Rosh, Meshech, and Tubal." This is another title for Gog. Alternate Translation: "who is the chief prince of Meshech and Tubal"
Ezk 38:23
know that I am Yahweh
When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/07.md). Alternate Translation: "understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God" or "realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority"
Ezk 39:1
chief of Meshech and Tubal
Some modern versions interpret the Hebrew expression as "prince of Rosh, Meshech, and Tubal." This is another title for Gog. See how you translated these names in [Ezekiel 38:2-3](../38/01.md). Alternate Translation: "who is the prince of Meshech and Tubal"
Ezk 39:6
know that I am Yahweh
When Yahweh says that people will know that he is Yahweh, he is implying that they will know that he is the one true God who has supreme authority and power. See how you translated this in [Ezekiel 6:7](../06/07.md). Alternate Translation: "understand that I am Yahweh, the one true God" or "realize that I, Yahweh, have supreme power and authority"
Ezk 39:12
will bury them in order to purify the land
In Jewish law, a dead body defiled anything it touched and made it "unclean." Burying these bodies is spoken of as cleansing or purifying the land.
Ezk 39:14
to cleanse the land ... purify the land
In Jewish law, a dead body defiled anything it touched and made it "unclean." Burying these bodies is spoken of as cleansing or purifying the land.
Ezk 39:16
to cleanse the land ... purify the land
In Jewish law, a dead body defiled anything it touched and made it "unclean." Burying these bodies is spoken of as cleansing or purifying the land.
Ezk 40:1
of our captivity
Here "our" refers to Ezekiel and the Israelites who have been in Babylon since the Babylonians forced King Jehoiachin to leave Jerusalem, but not to the reader. Alternate Translation: "after we became captives" or "after the Babylonians took us as captives to Babylon"
Ezk 40:42
There were four tables of cut stone
These were apparently different tables than the eight tables on which the sacrifices were killed. This can be stated explicitly. Alternate Translation: "There were also four tables of cut stone" or "There were four other tables made of cut stone"
Ezk 45:7
The length will correspond to the length of one of those portions
It is implied that Ezekiel is comparing the prince's land with the size of the land given to each of the tribes. Alternate Translation: "The length will be the same as the length of one of the portions given to the tribes"
Ezk 45:13
for every homer of wheat
It is implied that this is the amount of wheat that the people harvest. Alternate Translation: "for every homer of wheat from the harvest"
Dan 1:8
pollute himself
To "pollute" something is to make is unclean. Some of the food and drink of the Babylonians would make Daniel ceremonially unclean according to God's law. This can be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "make himself unclean according to God's law"
Dan 2:16
Daniel went in
Daniel probably went to the palace. Alternate Translation: "Daniel went to the palace" or "Daniel went to talk with the king"
Dan 2:29
the one who reveals mysteries
This phrase refers to God. Alternate Translation: "God, who reveals mysteries" or "God, who makes mysteries known"
Dan 2:39
another kingdom will arise
In the king's dream his kingdom is gold so an inferior kingdom would be silver. Alternate Translation: "another kingdom, which is of silver, will arise" or "another kingdom, which is represented by the silver parts of the statue, will arise"
Dan 4:14
He shouted and said
It can be made clear that the holy messenger was speaking to more than one person. Alternate Translation: "He shouted to some people and said"
Dan 4:17
the holy ones
This phrase probably refers to angels. Alternate Translation: "the holy angels"
Dan 4:19
was greatly upset for a while, and his thoughts alarmed him
Daniel's understanding of the meaning of the vision is what alarmed him. This can be explicitly stated. Alternate Translation: "did not say anything for some time because he was very worried about the meaning of the dream"
Dan 4:35
No one can stop him
It may be helpful to add additional detail. Alternate Translation: "When he decides to do something, no one can stop him"
Dan 5:7
clothed with purple
Purple cloth was rare and reserved for royal officials. Alternate Translation: "dressed in royal clothing"
Dan 5:16
clothed with purple
Purple cloth was rare and reserved for royal officials. Alternate Translation: "dressed in royal clothing"
Dan 5:23
From his house
What and where "his house" is can be stated clearly. Alternate Translation: "From his temple in Jerusalem"
Dan 6:4
Then the other chief administrators and the provincial governors ... for the kingdom
The other administrators were jealous of Daniel. This can be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "Then the other chief administrators and the provincial governors became jealous. So they looked for mistakes in the work Daniel did for the kingdom"
Dan 6:15
no decree ... can be changed
The men were implying that since no decree or statute of the king can be changed, Daniel must be thrown into the pit of lions. This can be stated clearly if needed. Alternate Translation: "no decree ... can be changed. They must throw Daniel into the pit of lions"
Dan 6:17
the king sealed it with his own signet ring and with the signet rings of his nobles ... concerning Daniel
The function of the signet ring can be stated clearly. The king and the noblemen pressed their rings into a seal made of wax. Alternate Translation: "the king pressed his signet ring into a wax seal, the nobles did this too. No one was allowed to break the seal and help Daniel"
Dan 7:11
the animal was killed
The animal was killed because the judge determined that it was guilty. Alternate Translation: "they executed the animal" or "the judge commanded and they killed the animal"
Dan 7:24
out of this kingdom ten kings will arise
They will rule one after the other. This can be stated explicitly. Alternate Translation: "ten kings will rule over this fourth kingdom, one after another"
Dan 7:24
another will arise after them
This other king is not one of the ten. It may be helpful to refer to him as "the eleventh king." Alternate Translation: "after that an eleventh king will become powerful"
Dan 7:24
he will conquer the three kings
He will defeat three of the original ten kings. It may be helpful to state that those three kings are represented by the three horns that were pulled out. Alternate Translation: "he will defeat the three kings that were represented by the three horns that were pulled out"
Dan 8:5
The goat had a large horn between his eyes
Goats have two horns on the sides of their heads. This image should be explained. Alternate Translation: "The goat had a single large horn in the center of his head"
Dan 8:11
the commander of the army
This refers to God himself, who is the leader of the angel army.
Dan 8:19
the time of wrath
This refers to the time when God will judge. This can be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "the time when God judges in anger"
Dan 8:22
four kingdoms will arise from his nation
The four horns represent the four new kingdoms. This can be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "they represent the four kingdoms into which the kingdom of the first king will be divided"
Dan 9:21
the man Gabriel
This is the same angel Gabriel who appeared in the form of a man in [Daniel 8:16](../08/16.md). Alternate Translation: "Gabriel, who appeared as a man"
Dan 10:21
But I will tell you
This implies that the angel will tell Daniel about this immediately, before he goes away. Alternate Translation: "But first I will tell you"
Dan 11:1
In the first year of Darius
Darius was the King of the Medes. "The first year" refers to the first year that he was king. Alternate Translation: "In the first year of the reign of Darius"
Dan 11:20
will make a tax collector pass through
The tax collector will go through the land forcing people to pay taxes. Alternate Translation: "will send someone to make the people pay taxes"
Dan 11:28
He will act
This implies that the king will do certain actions in Israel. Alternate Translation: "He will do what he wants to in Israel"
Dan 11:40
pass through
Nothing will stop the army. Alternate Translation: "will pass through the lands with no one to stop him"
Dan 11:42
into lands
Here the idea is many lands or various lands.
Dan 12:4
Many will run here and there, and knowledge will increase
This seems to happen before "the time of the end" during which time the book is sealed. This can be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "Before that happens, many people will travel here and there, learning more and more about many things"
Dan 12:11
the regular burnt offering is ... is set up
The king of the north is the one who stops the temple sacrifices. Alternate Translation: "the king of the North takes away the regular burnt offering and sets up the abomination that causes complete desolation"
Hos 1:11
the day of Jezreel
This refers to the time when God will put his people back in the land of Israel. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit.
Hos 4:6
knowledge
Here "knowledge" refers to the knowledge of God.
Hos 4:8
They feed on the sin of my people
When people sinned, they would offer sacrifices so God would forgive them. The priests were allowed to eat these sacrifices. The priests eating these sacrifices for sin is spoken of as if they would actually feed on the people's sins.
Hos 4:8
they are greedy for more of their wickedness
The priests want the people to sin more so that the people will offer more sacrifices that the priests may eat.
Hos 7:1
for they practice deceit
The people are selling and buying products dishonestly.
Hos 12:3
In the womb Jacob grasped his brother by the heel
Jacob wanted to take his brother's place as the firstborn, so he tried to keep his brother from being born first.
Hos 12:4
He struggled with the angel and won
Jacob fought with an angel so that the angel would bless him.
Hos 13:2
These men who sacrifice kiss calves
Part of idol worship was kissing idol figures that were images of calves.
Hos 14:2
Take with you words
This probably means words of confession and praise. Alternate Translation: "Confess your sins"
Jol 3:3
traded a boy for a prostitute, and sold a girl for wine so they could drink
These are examples of the kinds of things they did and do not indicate what they did to two particular children. Alternate Translation: "and did things like trading a boy for a prostitute and selling a girl for wine, so they could drink"
Jol 3:7
out of the place where you sold them
The people of Israel will leave the places where they were slaves and come back to the land of Israel.
Jol 3:11
gather yourselves together
The purpose of the gathering is for battle. This can be stated explicitly. Alternate Translation: "gather yourselves together for battle"
Amo 1:1
two years before the earthquake
The assumed knowledge is that the original hearers would be aware of when a large earthquake had affected the area.
Amo 1:11
he pursued his brother
The assumed knowledge is that Esau, from whom the people of Edom were descended, was the brother of Jacob, from whom the people of Israel were descended. Here "his brother" represents the people of Israel. Alternate Translation: "he pursued the people of Israel"
Amo 2:15
the fast runner will not escape
The implied information is that the fast runner will not escape from his enemies. Alternate Translation: "the fast runner will be captured"
Amo 3:2
I have chosen only you from all the families of the earth
This implies that they should have obeyed him. This can be stated clearly. Alternate Translation: "I have chosen only you from all the families of the earth, so you should have obeyed me"
Amo 3:2
Therefore I will punish you for all your sins
It can be stated clearly that they did not obey God. Alternate Translation: "But you did not obey me. Therefore I will punish you for all your sins"
Amo 3:6
If a trumpet sounds in a city
The purpose of sounding the trumpet is to warn people that enemies are about to attack the city. Alternate Translation: "If someone blows the trumpet in the city to warn the people about an enemy attack" or "If the warning trumpet is blown in the city"
Amo 3:6
tremble
The reason for trembling can be stated clearly. Alternate Translation: "tremble because they are afraid" or "be afraid of the enemy and tremble"
Amo 3:7
Surely the Lord Yahweh will do nothing unless ... the prophets
The relationship between this sentence and the rhetorical questions in [Amos 3:3](./03.md) to [Amos 3:6](./05.md) can be shown with the words "So also." Alternate Translation: "So also, the Lord Yahweh will do nothing unless ... the prophets"
Amo 3:9
what great confusion is in her
Here "great confusion is in her" refers to people's fear because of the fighting and rioting there. The word "confusion" can be translated with a verbal phrase to make this meaning explicit. Alternate Translation: "how the people in Samaria riot" or "how the people in Samaria fight against one another"
Amo 3:11
Therefore, this is what the Lord Yahweh says
It can be stated clearly who God was saying this to. Alternate Translation: "Therefore, this is what the Lord Yahweh says to the people of Israel living in Samaria"
Amo 3:12
As the shepherd rescues out of the mouth of the lion two legs only, or a piece of an ear
It can be stated clearly that the shepherd tries to rescue the whole animal. Alternate Translation: "As the shepherd tries to rescue an animal from the lion's mouth, but is able to save only two legs or a piece of an ear"
Amo 4:5
for this pleases you, you people of Israel
Yahweh rebukes them for being proud about their offerings and sacrifices. They think that God should be pleased with them, but he is not. Alternate Translation: "for this pleases you, you people of Israel. But it does not please me"
Amo 4:7
when there were still three months to the harvest
It can be stated clearly that the people needed the rain. Alternate Translation: "when there were still three months to the harvest and your crops needed the rain"
Amo 5:3
The city that went out with a thousand will have a hundred left
The phrases "a thousand" and "a hundred" refer to a thousand soldiers and a hundred soldiers.
Amo 5:3
The city that went out with a thousand
The city that went out represents the soldiers of that city going out. It can be stated clearly why they went out. Alternate Translation: "The city out of which a thousand soldiers went to fight" or "The city that sent out a thousand soldiers to fight"
Amo 5:11
you will not drink their wine
The word "their" refers to the vineyards. This may imply that no one will make the wine, or even that there will not be enough good grapes to make wine. Alternate Translation: "you will not drink the wine that is made from the grapes in your vineyards"
Amo 5:12
turn aside the needy in the city gate
Here "turn aside the needy" represents telling the needy people to leave. It can be made clear why the needy were at the city gate. Alternate Translation: "do not allow poor people to bring their cases to the judges in the city gate"
Amo 5:15
in the city gate
City gates were where business transactions occurred and judgments were made, because city walls were thick enough to have gateways that produced cool shade from the hot sun Alternate Translation: "in your courts"
Amo 6:6
drink wine from bowls
This implies that they drink a lot of wine because they drink it from a large bowl rather than a regular wine cup.
Amo 6:8
I hate his fortresses
It is implied that Yahweh hates the fortresses because the people believed the fortresses would keep them safe. Alternate Translation: "I hate the people of Israel because they trust in their fortresses, not in me, to protect them"
Amo 6:9
if there are ten men left in one house, they will all die
This seems to imply that something terrible is happening, and these ten men go into the house to hide. Alternate Translation: "if ten men are hiding inside of a house, they will all still die"
Amo 6:10
Then he will say, "Be quiet, for we must not mention Yahweh's name."
The meaning of this is not clear. It seems to imply that the one who asked the question is afraid the one answering will mention Yahweh's name carelessly. If he does this, it may draw Yahweh's attention to them, and he may kill them too.
Amo 8:12
from sea to sea
This implies the Dead Sea in the south and the Mediterranean Sea in the west.
Amo 9:1
Strike the tops of the pillars so that the foundations will shake
It is implied that Yahweh is speaking about the pillars and foundations of a temple.
Amo 9:6
has established his vault over the earth
Here "vault" refers to the sky which biblical writers described as being a dome over the earth. Alternate Translation: "he sets the sky over the earth"
Oba 1:11
cast lots for Jerusalem
This phrase means "they cast lots to decide who would get the valuable things that they took from Jerusalem."
Oba 1:11
you were like one of them
it was as though you were one of these strangers and foreigners. This implies that they did not help the Israelites. This can be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "you were like one of the enemies and did not help Israel"
Oba 1:17
those that escape
These are the people of Jerusalem that are still alive after Yahweh has finished punishing the city. This can be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "some of the Israelites who escape the punishment of Yahweh"
Jon 1:3
go to Tarshish
and went to Tarshish. Tarshish was in the opposite direction to Nineveh. This can be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "went in the opposite direction, toward Tarshish"
Jon 1:4
Soon it appeared
It can be made explicit who thought the ship would be broken up. Alternate Translation: "The men thought"
Jon 1:6
Maybe your god will notice us and we will not perish
The implicit information that Jonah's god might save them could be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "Maybe your god will hear and save us so that we will not die"
Jon 1:10
because he had told them.
What he told them can be stated clearly. Alternate Translation: "because he had said to them, 'I am trying to get away from Yahweh.'"
Jon 1:13
Nevertheless, the men rowed hard to get them back to the land
The men did not want to throw Jonah into the sea, so they rowed hard as if they were digging into the water to get back to land.
Jon 3:5
They all put on sackcloth
Why people put on sackcloth can be stated more clearly. Alternate Translation: "They also put on coarse cloth to show that they were sorry for having sinned"
Jon 3:7
Let them not eat, nor drink water
They must not eat nor drink anything. The reason they were not to eat or drink anything can be made explicit by adding "in order to show that they are sorry for their sins."
Jon 3:8
cry out loudly to God
pray earnestly to God. What they were to pray for can be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "cry out loudly to God and ask for mercy"
Jon 3:10
he did not do it
What God was to do can be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "he did not punish them" or "he did not destroy them"
Jon 4:3
take my life from me
Jonah's reason for wanting to die can be stated explicitly. Alternate Translation: "since you will not destroy Nineveh as you said you would, please allow me to die"
Jon 4:8
God prepared a hot east wind
God caused a hot wind from the east to blow on Jonah. If wind can only mean a cool or cold wind then you can try this. Alternate Translation: "God sent a very hot warmth from the east to Jonah"
Jon 4:9
Is it good that you are so angry about the plant?
implicit information can be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "You should be more concerned about the people in Nineveh dying than about the plant dying."
Jon 4:10
Yahweh said
It may be helpful to say that Yahweh was speaking to Jonah. Alternate Translation: "Yahweh said to Jonah"
Mic 4:4
they will sit every person under his vine and under his fig tree
Both the "vine" and the "fig tree" are symbols of prosperity. This phrase describes actions in which people live prosperously and in peace. If grapevines or fig trees are unknown you can translate this more generally. Alternate Translation: "they will sit peacefully in their own gardens and fields"
Mic 5:10
I will destroy your horses from among you and will demolish your chariots
The people of Israel used horses and chariots only in battle, and they may have traded for them with the godless nations around them. God did not want the people to trust in their weapons of war to protect them more than they trusted in him.
Mic 6:5
how Balaam ... answered him
Possible meanings are 1) Balaam obeyed Balak by coming when Balak called him, Alternate Translation: "how Balaam ... did what Balak asked him to do" or 2) Balaam explained to Balak why Balaam had blessed the Israelites instead of cursing them as Balak had commanded. Alternate Translation: "what Balaam told Balak"
Mic 7:12
the River
You may need to make explicit the name of river. Alternate Translation: "the Euphrates River"
Mic 7:12
from sea to sea
You may need to make explicit the names of the seas. "from the Mediterranean Sea in the west to the Dead Sea in the east"
Mic 7:14
as in the old days
Bashan and Gilead had been part of Israel long ago, when David was king.
Nam 1:1
The declaration about Nineveh. The book of the vision of Nahum, the Elkoshite
These words are an introduction to the entire book. This can be stated as a complete sentence. Alternate Translation: "This is the book of the vision of Nahum, the Elkoshite, which gives a declaration about Nineveh"
Nam 1:3
Yahweh makes his way in the whirlwind and the storm, and the clouds are the dust of his feet
The biblical writers often associated Yahweh's presence with powerful storms. Here Yahweh rides in strong storm winds and his feet are creating clouds by kicking up dust as he is coming to judge the people.
Nam 1:4
Bashan is weak, and Carmel also; the flowers of Lebanon are weak
The word translated as "weak" can also mean "wither" or "dry out." Bashan was known for its good pastureland where people tended sheep and cattle, "Carmel" refers to Mount Carmel, which was known for its tree orchards, and the snow from the mountains in Lebanon kept that place fertile. Since Yahweh dries up all the rivers and causes drought, these fertile places will no longer be fertile. Alternate Translation: "The fields of Bashan wither, the trees of Mount Carmel die, and the flowers of Lebanon fade"
Nam 1:14
I will dig your graves
It is implied that Yahweh will also bury them in the graves that he digs for them. Alternate Translation: "I will dig your graves and bury you in them"
Nam 2:1
Man the city walls
Nineveh had a large, thick wall surrounding it. This refers to placing soldiers on the top of the wall in order to fight off attackers. This can be translated with a more general phrase if necessary. Alternate Translation: "Man the fortifications" or "Prepare the defenses"
Nam 2:12
he strangled victims
he choked victims. This is probably a reference to the way that lions usually kill their prey, by biting its throat. Alternate Translation: "he killed his victims"
Nam 3:4
who sells nations through her prostitution, and peoples through her acts of witchcraft
Here the word "sells" implies that the people of Nineveh cause other nations and peoples to become slaves. Nineveh uses her beauty, power, and influence to make others her slaves. Alternate Translation: "who by her prostitution and witchcraft causes the people of other nations to become her slaves"
Nam 3:12
All your fortresses
Possible meanings for the word "fortresses" are 1) it refers to Nineveh's fortifications, such as the wall that surrounded the city Alternate Translation: "All of your fortifications" or "All of your defenses" or 2) it refers to the fortified cities that were situated along Assyria's borders and prevented enemy armies from attacking Nineveh. Alternate Translation: "All of your fortified cities"
Nam 3:12
the earliest ripe figs
This refers to the figs that would ripen first on the tree. These figs fell from the tree easily, so that a person only had to shake the tree to make them fall. Figs that ripened later would require a person to climb the tree and pick them by hand.
Hab 1:1
The message that Habakkuk the prophet received,
These words introduce the first two chapters of the book. It is implicit that Habakkuk received this message from Yahweh. This can be stated as a complete sentence. Alternate Translation: "This is the message that Habakkuk the prophet received from Yahweh."
Hab 1:2
how long will I cry for help, and you will not hear?
The reader should understand that Habakkuk has been crying to Yahweh for help for a long time. He asks this question because he is frustrated and wants to know how much longer it will be before Yahweh responds. Alternate Translation: "how much longer shall I cry for help before you will respond?"
Hab 1:17
Will he therefore keep emptying his net, and will he continually slaughter the nations without mercy?
Habakkuk asks this question because he is frustrated and wants to know how long Yahweh will allow the Chaldeans to continue to destroy people and nations. Alternate Translation: "Will you therefore let them empty their fishing nets and continue to slaughter the nations while they feel no compassion?"
Hab 2:6
Woe to the one increasing what is not his
It is implicit that he is increasing his possession of things that do not belong to him. Alternate Translation: "Woe to the one who claims for himself more and more things that do not belong to him"
Hab 2:12
who establishes a town in iniquity
It is implicit that the person builds a city by means of the goods that he stole from those whom he has killed. Here the word "establishes" means "to begin." Alternate Translation: "who starts a town by means of the profit that he has acquired through evil behavior"
Hab 2:13
peoples labor for fire
This means that the things that people labor to build are ultimately destined to be fuel for fire. Alternate Translation: "peoples labor to build things that will be used as fuel for fire"
Hab 2:15
the one who forces his neighbors to drink
It is implied that he makes his neighbor drink wine. Alternate Translation: "the one who forces his neighbors to drink wine"
Hab 2:15
in order to look at their nakedness
so you can look at them when they are naked. This refers to the practice of publicly humiliating people by stripping them naked in front of others. Alternate Translation: "so that you can humiliate them publicly by stripping them naked"
Hab 2:16
you will expose your uncircumcised foreskin
This phrase is similar to the Chaldeans forcing others to strip naked so that they could look at their nakedness. Here the words "uncircumcised foreskin" indicate that they will be humiliated not just by being naked, but because their uncircumcision proves that they do not belong to Yahweh's people.
Hab 3:1
The prayer of Habakkuk the prophet:
These words introduce the third chapter of this book. This can be stated as a complete sentence. Alternate Translation: "This is the prayer that Habakkuk the prophet prayed to Yahweh."
Hab 3:9
You have brought out your bow without a cover
This means that Yahweh has removed his bow from its protective case and is prepared to shoot. Alternate Translation: "You have prepared to shoot your bow"
Hab 3:16
I heard
You may indicate what it is that Habakkuk heard. Possible meanings are 1) "I heard everything in that vision" or 2) "I heard Yahweh approach like a great storm"
Hab 3:16
my inner parts trembled
The word translated here as "inner parts" is literally "belly." If your language has a specific internal organ that it uses to express the feeling of great fear, you can consider using it here. Alternate Translation: "my heart beat rapidly" or "my stomach turned"
Zep 1:1
son of Gedaliah son of Amariah son of Hezekiah
This is a list of Zephaniah's ancestors. These usages of "son of" are the broader sense of "descendant of." Here "Hezekiah" refers to King Hezekiah. These things can be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "the grandson of Gedaliah, and the great-grandson of Amariah, whose father was King Hezekiah"
Zep 1:8
everyone dressed in foreign clothes
This phrase suggests that the Israelites wore clothes similar to the foreigners to show sympathy to their customs and to the worship of their foreign gods. Alternate Translation: "everyone who worships foreign gods"
Zep 1:10
a great crashing sound
This refers to the sound of buildings collapsing. This can be stated explicitly. Alternate Translation: "a loud sound of buildings collapsing"
Zep 1:18
all the inhabitants of the earth
It is understood that this refers to the wicked people. This can be stated explicitly. Alternate Translation: "all the wicked people who live on the earth"
Zep 2:9
like Sodom ... like Gomorrah
These two cities were so wicked that God completely destroyed them with fire from heaven. These similes therefore refer to complete destruction. This can be stated explicitly. Alternate Translation: "completely destroyed like Sodom ... like Gomorrah"
Zep 2:15
I am, and nothing is my equal
It may be necessary to supply an object for "I am." Alternate Translation: "I am the greatest city, and no other city is equal to me"
Zep 3:1
the rebellious city
The nature of their rebellion can be stated. Alternate Translation: "the people of the city who have rebelled against God"
Zep 3:6
General Information:
In verses 3:6-7, Yahweh rebukes the people of Jerusalem because they did not learn from how he judged other sinful cities. It may be helpful to add "Yahweh says this:" to the beginning of verse 6 to make this explicit.
Zep 3:19
I am about to deal with all your oppressors
It is understood that "deal with" means to punish the oppressors. This can be stated explicitly. Alternate Translation: "I will severely punish all those who oppressed you"
Hag 2:19
the pomegranate
This is a type of sweet fruit. You may need to make explicit that the tree is being spoken of. Alternate Translation: "the pomegranate tree"
Hag 2:21
I will ... destroy the strength of the kingdoms of the nations
You may need to make explicit that "the nations" are Israel's enemies. Alternate Translation: "I will make it so the kingdoms of the nations that are Israel's enemies are no longer strong"
Hag 2:22
I will ... destroy the strength of the kingdoms of the nations
You may need to make explicit that "the nations" are Israel's enemies. Alternate Translation: "I will make it so the kingdoms of the nations that are Israel's enemies are no longer strong"
Zec 1:10
These are those ... They answered ... they said
The words "these" and "they" refer to the red, reddish-brown, and white horses that were behind the man who was among the myrtle trees. Possible meanings are 1) it is implicit that there were other men who were riding the horses, and that these phrases refer to the riders or 2) the horses are personified as being able to speak like people.
Zec 1:10
to roam throughout the earth
It is implicit that Yahweh sent these out to walk about in order to patrol the earth. This does not suggest that they were wandering or lost.
Zec 1:11
These are those ... They answered ... they said
The words "these" and "they" refer to the red, reddish-brown, and white horses that were behind the man who was among the myrtle trees. Possible meanings are 1) it is implicit that there were other men who were riding the horses, and that these phrases refer to the riders or 2) the horses are personified as being able to speak like people.
Zec 1:15
they made the disaster worse
the nations that are at ease made the disaster worse. This means that although Yahweh used these nations to punish Jerusalem, they did more harm to Jerusalem than what Yahweh had intended for them to do.
Zec 1:16
the measuring line will be stretched out over Jerusalem
This refers to builders using their instruments to rebuild the city. This can be stated in active form. Alternate Translation: "builders will stretch out their measuring lines over Jerusalem" or "the people will rebuild Jerusalem"
Zec 2:4
Jerusalem will sit in the open country ... beasts within her
The phrase "will sit in the open country" translates a word that refers to a city that has no walls. There will be so many inhabitants in the city that it will be too large to have walls around it. Alternate Translation: "Jerusalem will not have walls around it ... beasts within the city"
Zec 2:8
for whoever touches you
The word "touches" refers to a touch meant to harm. Alternate Translation: "for whoever harms you"
Zec 2:13
from out of his holy place
Here "his holy place" refers to heaven, and not to the temple in Jerusalem. Alternate Translation: "from his holy place in heaven"
Zec 3:8
your companions who live with you
This phrase refers to other priests who would serve in the temple under the leadership of Joshua. Alternate Translation: "the other priests who live with you"
Zec 3:10
each man will invite his neighbor to sit under his vine and under his fig tree
Both the "vine" and the "fig tree" are symbols of prosperity. This phrase describes actions in which people live prosperously and in peace. Alternate Translation: "because they will be at peace, each person will invite his neighbor to come and sit under his vine and his fig tree"
Zec 4:6
Not by might nor by power
Since there is no verb in this phrase, it may be necessary in your language to supply one. Alternate Translation: "You will not succeed by might nor by power"
Zec 4:7
he will bring out the top stone
The top stone is the last stone placed when building something. This refers to the top stone of the temple. Alternate Translation: "he will bring out the top stone of the temple" or "he will complete the construction of the temple"
Zec 4:7
to shouts of 'Grace! Grace to it!'
Possible meanings are 1) the word "grace" refers to God's grace and the people are requesting that God bless the completed temple. Alternate Translation: "while people shout, 'May God bless it! May God bless it!'" or 2) the word "grace" refers to beauty and the people are declaring how beautiful the completed temple is. Alternate Translation: "while people shout, 'Beautiful! It is beautiful!'"
Zec 4:10
the day of small things
the time of small things. This phrase refers to the time when the people were building the temple and appeared to be making little progress. Alternate Translation: "the time when progress was slow"
Zec 6:2
The first chariot had red horses
It is implicit that the horses were pulling the chariots. Alternate Translation: "The first chariot had red horses pulling it" or "Red horses were pulling the first chariot"
Zec 6:15
those who are far off
This refers to the Israelites who remain in Babylon.
Zec 7:5
in the seventh month
The assumed knowledge is that the Jews mourned during a part of the seventh month of the Hebrew calendar because in this month the remaining Jews in Jerusalem fled to Egypt after the murder of Gedaliah, whom the king of Babylon appointed as governor over Judah. The seventh month is during the last part of September and the first part of October on Western calendars.
Zec 7:5
for these seventy years
The assumed knowledge is that the people of Israel had been slaves in Babylon for 70 years.
Zec 8:2
with great anger
The implied information is that this anger is against the enemies of Zion. Alternate Translation: "with great anger against her enemies"
Zec 8:3
the mountain of Yahweh of hosts
The implied information is that this refers to Mount Zion, the location upon which the city of Jerusalem was built.
Zec 8:4
in his hand because he has grown so old
People having the opportunity to grow old implies the city will be peaceful and prosperous for a long time.
Zec 8:7
I am about to rescue my people
The implied information is that the people are in exile. "I am about to rescue my people of Judah who went into exile"
Zec 8:11
in former days
in the past. The implied information is that this refers to the time when the people started rebuilding the temple.
Zec 8:11
the remnant of this people
The implied information is that this is the remnant of the people who returned from exile. Alternate Translation: "the people who returned from exile"
Zec 8:13
You were an example to the other nations of a curse
The implied information is that the way Yahweh had allowed the temple to be destroyed and his people to be exiled had been used by other nations as an example of what it meant to be cursed by Yahweh. Alternate Translation: "When I punished you, the other nations learned what happens when I curse a people"
Zec 8:13
you will be a blessing
Possible meanings are 1) the implied information is that the people of Judah and Israel would be a blessing to the nations around them. Alternate Translation: "you will be a blessing to the surrounding nations" or 2) the implied information is that the nations around them would see what it meant to be blessed by Yahweh. Alternate Translation: when I bless you, the other nations will learn what happens when I bless a people" or 3) Yahweh will bless the people of Judah and Israel. Alternate Translation: "I will give you many good things"
Zec 8:16
in your gates
The assumed knowledge is that this refers to the places where judgment took place. Alternate Translation: "in your places of judgment"
Zec 8:19
The fasts of the fourth month
The assumed knowledge is that the Jews mourned during a part of the fourth month of the Hebrew calendar because this is when the Babylonians broke through the walls of Jerusalem. The fourth month is during the last part of June and the first part of July on Western calendars.
Zec 8:19
the fifth month
The assumed knowledge is that the Jewish people fasted during a part of the fifth month of the Hebrew calendar because this is when the Babylonians destroyed the temple in Jerusalem. The fifth month is during the last part of July and the first part of August on Western calendars. See how you translated this in [Zechariah 7:3](../07/03.md).
Zec 8:19
the seventh month
The assumed knowledge is that the Jews mourned during a part of the seventh month of the Hebrew calendar because in this month the remaining Jews in Jerusalem fled to Egypt after the murder of Gedaliah, whom the king of Babylon appointed as governor over Judah. The seventh month is during the last part of September and the first part of October on Western calendars. See how you translated this in [Zechariah 7:5](../07/05.md).
Zec 8:19
the tenth month
The assumed knowledge is that the Jews mourned during a part of the tenth month of the Hebrew calendar because this is when the Babylonians began their siege against Jerusalem. The tenth month is during the last part of December and the first part of January on Western calendars.
Zec 8:20
People will come again
The implied information is that Jerusalem is where the people will come. Alternate Translation: "People will come again to Jerusalem"
Zec 8:23
will grasp the hem of your robe
The implied information is that the foreigners will grab their robe to get their attention. Alternate Translation: "will grasp the hem of your robe to get your attention"
Zec 8:23
Let us go with you
The implied information is that people of God are going to Jerusalem. Alternate Translation: "Let us go to Jerusalem with you"
Zec 9:10
the horse from Jerusalem
The references to "chariot" and "bow" means that this refers to horses used in battle. This can be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "the warhorses in Jerusalem"
Zec 10:2
they tell deceitful dreams
It is implied that they know these dreams are false. This can be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "diviners lie about their dreams in order to deceive people"
Zec 11:11
knew that Yahweh had spoken
It is implied that those watching knew Yahweh was giving them a message through the breaking of the staff. Alternate Translation: "knew that Yahweh had given them a message"
Zec 11:12
thirty pieces of silver
It is implied that this was very little pay for the shepherd. Alternate Translation: "only thirty pieces of silver"
Zec 11:17
his right eye
A soldier would use his right eye to look around the shield that he held with his left hand. If his right eye was wounded, he would not be able to see to fight in war.
Zec 13:3
to prophesy
It is implied that these are false prophecies. Alternate Translation: "to prophesy falsely"
Zec 13:4
each prophet
This implies false prophets. Alternate Translation: "every false prophet"
Zec 13:4
no longer wear a hairy cloak
Prophets often wore heavy outer garments made of animal hair.
Zec 13:6
What are these wounds between your arms?
How did you get those cuts on your chest? This refers to the apparent custom of false prophets wounding themselves in their ceremonies.
Zec 13:6
he will answer
It is implied that his answer is a lie. Alternate Translation: "he will lie to him saying"
Zec 14:5
You will flee just as you fled
Here "You will" refers to the people of Jerusalem. But, "you fled" refers to their ancestors since this describes an event that happened many years earlier. Alternate Translation: "You will flee just as your ancestors fled"
Zec 14:6
there will be no light
It is implied that there will be no light from the sun. Alternate Translation: "there will be no light from the sun"
Zec 14:10
All the land
It is implied that this is the land of Judah. Alternate Translation: "All the land of Judah"
Zec 14:10
the king's winepresses
This probably refers to the place where wine was made for the royal family. It was located in the southwest part of Jerusalem.
Zec 14:20
the basins in Yahweh's house
These basins were used for boiling meat in the courtyard of the temple. Alternate Translation: "the cooking pots in the courtyard of the temple"
Zec 14:20
will be like the bowls before the altar
It is implied that the basins will be sacred like the bowls used for catching the blood of the sacrifices. Alternate Translation: "will be as sacred as the bowls used at the altar"
Zec 14:21
traders will no longer be in the house of Yahweh
It was the custom for traders to sell the people things they needed in order to make proper sacrifices to Yahweh in the temple. Alternate Translation: "people will no longer buy or sell things in the courtyard of the temple of Yahweh"
Mal 1:2
I have loved Jacob
Here "loved" implies a relationship of loyalty between Yahweh and Jacob, in which a covenant existed between them. This can be made explicit. Alternate Translation: "as you know, I obligated myself with a covenant to love Jacob"
Mal 2:13
does not turn toward the offering
This implies that those who are weeping at Yahweh's altar have offered sacrifices to him.
Mal 2:17
By saying
The complete idea here is, "You have wearied him by saying." This is the prophet's answer to the rhetorical question.
Mal 3:5
turn away the foreigner
That is, turning away the foreigner from gaining his rights. Depriving people of their rights is spoken of as if it were physically turning them away from oneself. Perhaps the idea is turning away someone who comes for a wrong to be set right. Alternate Translation: "deny foreigners living in Israel the rights that they should have"
Mal 3:8
In tithes and offerings
This reply from Yahweh implies a fuller answer. Alternate Translation: "You have robbed me by withholding from me your tithes and offerings"